19:
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seems to be an excuse for the bruises – there are a lot of people falling down the stairs. (...) Some things I saw in Brazil I didn't expect to see in the more severely underdeveloped countries." Juliano Breda, president of the OAB-PR said that the Public
Ministry and the Judiciary are responsible for the cases of torture in Brazil, for not delving into the investigations.
293:
According to Judge
Luciano Losekann of the Prison System Monitoring, "It generally occurs in closed environments, away from the eyes of witnesses or with the fearful complicity of public officials." Wilde Tayler, deputy director of the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, said that "There always
208:
With the re-democratization, in 1985, the practice of torture for political purposes ceased. But the techniques were incorporated by many police officers, who began to apply them against common prisoners, suspects or detainees, especially when they were black and poor, or, in rural areas, indigenous
289:
According to the sociologist, "The police officers deconstruct the accusation, saying that the victim already came with the injuries, transferring the authorship to third parties." The average number of complaints received by the
National Council of Justice (CNJ) in 2013 was 36 complaints per month
244:
Several military and security agents from Brazil received training at the School of the
Americas, whose name was changed to the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation. Several members of the Brazilian police force were trained by torture experts who came to Brazil in order to spread
285:
After the
Brazilian military dictatorship, cases of torture are still commonly reported in Brazil. There were 466 reports of torture against the prison population registered with the National Secretariat for Human Rights in 2013. For her master's thesis, Maria Gorete Marques, a sociologist at the
348:
The consequences in relation to the public office, function or employment are causes for increasing the penalty. The crime is punishable by imprisonment and cannot be subject to grace or amnesty, and the penalty must be served in a closed regime, except in the case of article 1 § 2, which
276:
organization, since 1983, has been researching information on countries sending personnel for training at the School of the
Americas and publishing names of trainees, campaigning for the closure of the so-called "School of Assassins," now called the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security
320:
According to José de Jesus Filho, legal advisor to the
National Prison Pastoral, "Who investigates is the police or prison staff. Many times, it is the torturer who takes the victim for the corpus delicti exam, and the doctors who make the reports omit themselves." The deputy
644:"Os poucos suspeitos ricos, se privados de liberdade em absoluto ou até condenados, podem comprar tratamento e condições de detenção toleráveis ou, no mínimo, menos intoleráveis do que muitos que são pobres e geralmente negros ou mulatos ou, nas áreas rurais, indígenas."
159:", at least 1,918 political prisoners have testified to having been tortured between 1964 and 1979 (March 15, 1979 was the cut-off date for the period under investigation). The document describes 283 different forms of torture used at the time by the security agencies.
297:
According to a survey conducted in 2010 by
Professor Nancy Cardia, from the Nucleus for the Study of Violence at USP, 52.5% of the population agreed that a court could accept evidence obtained through torture. In 1999, 71.2% of the population had the same reasoning.
271:
The recent release by the US government of a partial list of names of participants in the School of the
Americas training sessions has also revealed the fact that Brazilian military personnel have trained and participated in torture, including in Chile. The
220:(a kind of electric chair), beatings, truth serum (injectable drug that leaves the victim in a state of drowsiness), the refrigerator (small box in which the victim was confined and suffered with extreme temperature fluctuations and disturbing noises) and
174:, installed in the United States, was identified by historians and witnesses as a center for the dissemination of torture techniques. According to Cuban intelligence agent Manuel Cosculluela, American former police officer
232:
The torture techniques used in Brazil, contrary to the idea that they would be improvisations of those who apply torture, actually have a close connection with techniques developed through experiments such as those of
306:)Country is cultural, widespread and systematic. It began in the period of slavery and is maintained until today (...) The Brazilian vocation for torture has solidified because torturers are not punished."
845:
Conheça a Escola das Américas, agora chamada
Instituto do Hemisfério Ocidental para a Cooperação em Segurança, e nome em Inglês Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (SOA/ WHINSEC ) (em
344:"To subject someone under your care, power or authority, using violence or serious threat, to intense physical or mental suffering, as a means of applying personal punishment or preventive measure".
286:
Center for the Study of Violence at the University of São Paulo (USP), followed 181 state agents who were being prosecuted for torture and concluded that 70% of them were not punished.
1135:
325:(PSOL) created the law of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture in the State. The purpose is to monitor prisons, police stations, insane asylums and social-educational units.
518:
A Tortura no Brasil – Um estudo sobre a prática da tortura por agentes públicos, a ação da Justiça, alguns casos emblemáticos acompanhados pela CDH e propostas de ações superadoras
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171:
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30:, was the first monument built in the country in honor of the dead and disappeared Brazilian politicians, and features the body of a naked man in the position of the
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155:(DOPS) in São Paulo, who used brutal – and sometimes lethal – methods to obtain confessions from his suspects, in spite of his bosses. According the report from "
1096:
948:
1103:
88:), there was the systematic practice of torture against political prisoners – those considered subversive and who allegedly threatened national security.
1091:
659:
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produzido pelo Relator Especial sobre a Tortura da Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Genebra, 11 de abril de 2001.
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152:
238:
1264:
184:
529:
419:
838:
520:. Subsídio ao trabalho do Relator da ONU para a Tortura, Nigel Rodley, em sua missão oficial ao Brasil. Brasília – DF, agosto de 2000].
264:
in Brazil and Uruguay. Some documents released by the US government about Mitrione's activities in South America are archived by The
1125:
1041:
58:, torture never ceased to be applied in Brazil during the 322 years of the colonial period, nor later, during the 67 years of the
941:
705:
542:
162:
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the military dictatorships in Brazil and other South American countries created the so-called
147:
But there were also civilian torturers, who acted under orders from the military. One of the most famous and cruel torturers was
1185:
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used for training Brazilian military and security agents at the School of the Americas as well as in other exchange programs.
137:
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Quartel do 1º B.P.E. headquarters of the Rio de Janeiro DOI-CODI, used as a torture center during the military dictatorship.
813:
166:
to persecute, torture and eliminate opponents. They received support from North American military experts connected to the
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1142:
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273:
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Brasileiros treinados pela Escola das Américas atualmente chamada Instituto de Cooperação para a Segurança Hemisférica
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23:
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543:"Sede do 1ºBatalhão-Polícia do Exército se tornou um centro de tortura no Rio de Janeiro durante os anos da ditadura"
140:, a colonel in the Brazilian Army and former head of the São Paulo DOI/CODI, answered for the crime of torture in a
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237:. Techniques brought to Brazil and Latin America, through American training and trainers, are contained in the
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Análise de Instrutores e Lista de Alunos Brasileiros da Escola das Americas – Direitos Humanos na Internet
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in "scientific" torture techniques to obtain information from arrested suspects; Cosculluela said he used
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Gauer, Ruth Maria Chittó (Organizadora) "Criminologia e sistemas jurídico-penais contemporâneos, II"
85:
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people. Among the main torture techniques applied in the period, we can mentionː the drowning, the
107:
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Estados Unidos fez ameaças contra tupamaros para resgatar o agente Mitrione em 1970 — CartaCapital
567:
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La Escuela de las Americas, La Escuela de Asesinos | SOA Watch: Close the School of the Americas
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256:(USAID) to train the police in Brazil and Uruguay, teaching torture methods that spread further
215:
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La Jornada: EU promovió amenazas contra tupamaros para rescatar a su agente Mitrione en 1970
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Destacamentos de Operações de Informação – Centros de Operações de Defesa Interna (DOI/CODI)
59:
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Lei nº 9.455, de 7 de abril de 1997. Define os crimes de tortura e dá outras providências.
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51:
687:) Interrogation Techniques in the Public Domain archives of George Washington University
591:
Projeto Brasil Nunca Mais – Projeto de Pesquisa coordenado pela Arquidiocese de São Paulo
341:"To force someone with violence or serious threat, causing physical or mental suffering;"
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imposes a lower penalty on the one who omits in the face of torture of a third party.
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To Save Dan Mitrione Nixon Administration Urged Death Threats for Uruguayan Prisoners
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about torture and mistreatment of prisoners. At the Ministry of Justice, it was 130.
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31:
730:
Revelan identidades de torturadores brasileños – Revista Punto Final – Edición 665
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Revelan identidades de torturadores brasileños – Revista Punto Final (espanhol)
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Torturador Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra condenado pela Justiça de São Paulo.
47:
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to demonstrate his techniques. Mitrione's story in Brazil was the subject of
1004:
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Instituto de Cooperação para a Segurança Hemisférica-anteriormente chamado "
704:", patrocinada pelo governo americano e chamada de "Escola de Assassinos"
660:
Quais foram as torturas utilizadas na época da Ditadura Militar no Brasil?
133:
43:
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Nixon afirma: "Brasil ajudou a desestabilizar as eleições no Uruguai.
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Nixon afirma: "Brasil ajudou a desestabilizar as eleições no Uruguai
194:
39:
27:
170:(CIA), who taught new torture techniques to obtain information. The
774:
Veja aqui os documentos já revelados sobre Dan Mitrione (em inglês)
124:, the Brazilian torturers were mostly military personnel from the
111:
17:
333:
According to Law 9 455, April 7, 1997, constitutes, the crime of
930:
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was one of the American envoys who, posing as an agent of the
132:. The main centers of torture in Brazil at this time were the
245:
the methods and means of interrogation compiled by the CIA.
50:
or as a form of punishment for prisoners – dates back to
662:
Site da revista Mundo Estranho. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
532:. Videoteca Digital de documentos da Tortura no Brasil.
42:, the use of torture – either as a means of obtaining
620:"Cuban 'Agent' Says U.S. Police Aides Urged Torture"
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997:
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530:Dossiê virtual Anistia e crimes de lesa humanidade
254:United States Agency for International Development
136:, military organs of internal defense. In 2006,
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252:. In the mid-1960s, Mitrione was hired by the
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791:em espanhol, visitado em 29 de Agosto de 2009
8:
92:During the military dictatorship (1964–1985)
671:Official Documents – CIA KUBARK Manuals of
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153:Department of Political and Social Order
789:Dan Mitrione, un maestro de la tortura.
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248:Such was the case with the well-known
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872:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2013-07-24
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311:Margarida Pressburger, member of the
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719:consultado em 24 de Agosto de 2009.
647:Relatório sobre a Tortura no Brasil
568:Rede de Direitos Humanos-dhnet.org.
420:Assassination of Genivaldo de Jesus
804:(visitado em 29 de Agosto de 2009)
558:(visitado em 29 de Agosto de 2009)
14:
1042:Enhanced interrogation techniques
512:Comissão de Direitos Humanos da
84:dictatorship (the period called
1232:abuse of psychiatry in the USSR
605:2010 ISBN 9788574309910 Pág.96
98:Military dictatorship in Brazil
618:Riding, Alan (5 August 1978).
589:Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais – RJ
465:"Roteiro – Passeio Ciclístico
228:Training in torture techniques
138:Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra
1:
1265:Human rights abuses in Brazil
514:Câmara dos Deputados (Brasil)
896:"O Brasil que ainda tortura"
274:School of the Americas Watch
24:Torture Never Again Monument
1237:Torture of gays in Chechnya
168:Central Intelligence Agency
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787:, 2 de Setembro de 2001,
607:visualização google livros
545:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
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446:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
266:National Security Archive
104:National Truth Commission
1227:2022 invasion of Ukraine
689:Univ. George Washington.
80:, as well as during the
717:Agência Brasil de Fato.
691:in English and Spanish.
467:Recife lugar de memória
374:Social issues in Brazil
315:(UN) Subcommittee, 2016
258:human rights violations
122:military regime of 1964
54:times. A legacy of the
866:"O Brasil que tortura"
675:(Physical Torture and
364:Human rights in Brazil
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180:US Embassy in Brasilia
172:School of the Americas
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329:Brazilian Legislation
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76:During the so-called
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626:. The New York Times
476:Prefeitura do Recife
440:"Repressão Política"
384:Homophobia in Brazil
189:, trained Brazilian
151:, a delegate of the
702:Escola das Américas
673:Coercive Techniques
396:Fazenda 31 de Março
359:Torture Never Again
108:Torture Never Again
958:Torture by country
900:ISTOÉ Independente
841:2014-02-23 at the
624:The New York Times
157:Brasil: Nunca Mais
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302:"Torture in the (
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126:armed forces
119:
75:
37:
32:pau de arara
15:
1217:Netherlands
1131:Philippines
1114:North Korea
630:25 December
411: [
399: [
387: [
214: [
183: [
120:During the
86:Estado Novo
67: [
56:Inquisition
1207:Zersetzung
1047:Guantanamo
905:2019-10-05
876:2019-10-05
481:2014-06-20
450:2014-06-20
426:References
102:See also:
48:confession
1153:Civil war
1126:Palestine
1097:Post-1979
1054:Venezuela
1032:Guatemala
1005:Argentina
846:espanhol)
268:project.
1259:Category
1196:Nazi-era
1080:Xinjiang
1020:Pinochet
998:Americas
989:Zimbabwe
839:Archived
603:EDIPUCRS
353:See also
309:—
62:and the
52:colonial
46:through
44:evidence
34:torture.
1244:Ukraine
1191:Germany
1181:Albania
1119:Prisons
1070:Bahrain
972:Algeria
783:Jornal
335:torture
201:' film
195:beggars
1222:Russia
1186:France
1174:Europe
1160:Turkey
1104:Israel
1010:Brazil
965:Africa
785:Clarín
679:) and
82:Vargas
60:Empire
40:Brazil
28:Recife
1148:Syria
1075:China
1015:Chile
984:Egypt
870:IstoÉ
472:(PDF)
415:]
403:]
391:]
218:]
187:]
71:]
26:, in
1087:Iran
1063:Asia
1027:Cuba
632:2023
260:and
130:army
106:and
22:The
495:ABI
304:Sic
38:In
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885:^
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501:^
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413:pt
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