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393:...Caesar gave orders that they should now demolish the entire city and temple, but should leave as many of the towers standing as were of the greatest eminence; that is, Phasael, and Hippicus, and Mariamme, and so much of the wall as enclosed the city on the west side. This wall was spared, in order to afford a camp for such as were to lie in garrison; as were the towers also spared, in order to demonstrate to posterity what kind of city it was, and how well fortified, which the Roman valour had subdued.
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Archaeologist H. Geva proposes that the "Tower of David" be identified with
Josephus's Hippicus tower. Hillel Geva (Ph.D.) has excavated the Citadel, is Director of the Israel Exploration Society and currently edits and publishes the reports for the Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of
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The testimonies of the tenth-century Muslim geographers identify the Tower itself with the prayer place of King David (Mihrab Dawud), that was mentioned in the Qur'an...(9) ... At the top is a construction which resembles a room and that is the
371:. These towers protected the main entrance to the city, as well as the palace, constituting a potential last refuge for the king. All three towers have vanished except for the base of the Hippicus (or Phasael) Tower, upon which the present "
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The citadel, with David's Tower labelled in the 1865 and 1936. The label "Tower of David" is now commonly used to refer to the
Ottoman minaret on the south west side of the citadel (shown as a small red circle on the 1936
511:, a prominent Jerusalem landmark, was added between 1635 and 1655, and took over the title of "Tower of David" in the nineteenth century, so that the name can now refer to either the whole Citadel or the minaret alone.
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With time though, only one of Herod's towers survived - either the
Phasael Tower, or, according to some, including archaeologist Hillel Geva who excavated the Citadel, the Hippicus Tower.
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On the way up, a terrace overlooking the
Citadel excavations has plaques identifying the different periods of all the remains. These include part of the Hasmonean city wall, a
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can still be seen rising from ground level, upon which further courses of smaller stones were added in a later period, which significantly increased its height.
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When the city was razed in AD 70, all three towers were left standing, in order to show off the strength of the fortifications the Roman army had to overcome.
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From the top of the tower, there are good views over the excavations inside the
Citadel and out to the Old City, as well as into the distance south and west.
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The towers named
Phasael, Hippicus and Mariamne were situated in the northwest corner of the so-called First Wall, the
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Jerusalem. The identification with the
Hippicus tower was already proposed by 19th-century biblical scholar
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409:, the remaining tower, and by extension the Citadel as a whole, acquired its alternative name - the
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In Laudem
Hierosolymitani: Studies in Crusades and Medieval Culture in Honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar
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The three towers - Phasael, Hippicus and
Mariamne - as part of the Jerusalem city model from the
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later constructed the monumental gateway in the east that you enter through today. The
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The
Citadel, inner view with the ancient tower on the left (small section, with flags)
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Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer
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819:"Frankish Castles, Muslim Castles, and the Medieval Citadel of Jerusalem"
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Of the original tower itself, some sixteen courses of the original stone
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rule and acquired the basis of its present shape in 1310, under the
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Hillel Geva (1981). "The 'Tower of David'—Phasael or Hippicus?".
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citadel, which held out for five weeks before falling to the
681:(2009). "Jerusalem (No. 115): Citadel, or David's Tower".
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is a historical name given to the northeast tower of the
794:"Quran, compared translations: Surah 38. Sad, Ayah 21"
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and Herodian city wall protecting the Western Hill of
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687:. Cambridge University Press. p. 55.
659:(1/2). Israel Exploration Society: 57–65.
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359:. They were situated close to where the
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322:. It has been identified as a
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31:The Phasael or Hippicus Tower
881:Classical sites in Jerusalem
274:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
886:Medieval sites in Jerusalem
363:is today and were built by
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817:Ellenblum, Ronnie (2016).
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622:Phasael (disambiguation)
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100:31.776083°N 35.2280361°E
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62:Shown within Jerusalem
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105:31.776083; 35.2280361
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320:Citadel of Jerusalem
183:improve this article
562:Southern outer wall
433:In medieval times,
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91:35°13′40.93″E
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836:. Retrieved
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698:. Retrieved
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413:- after the
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181:Please help
176:verification
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88:31°46′33.9″N
849:." Note 9:
838:18 December
781:C.R. Conder
515:Description
405:During the
311:, Jerusalem
103: /
79:Coordinates
870:Categories
803:2024-06-13
773:G.A. Smith
633:References
461:King David
419:Mount Zion
415:Byzantines
361:Jaffa Gate
209:newspapers
145:Site notes
777:C. Warren
536:Crusaders
453:Sanctuary
375:" rests.
357:Jerusalem
353:Hasmonean
798:Alim.org
737:Josephus
715:Josephus
665:27925783
616:See also
493:Crusader
384:Mariamne
336:Josephus
324:Herodian
129:Material
71:Location
759:and by
549:Gallery
532:Umayyad
521:ashlars
509:minaret
499:sultan
459:Dawud (
457:Prophet
380:Phasael
342:History
330:or the
223:scholar
137:Founded
124:History
876:Towers
855:mihrab
851:Qur'an
847:mihrab
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497:Mamluk
489:Muslim
442:Mihrab
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745:7.1.1
725:7.1.1
661:JSTOR
528:Roman
479:21).
469:Surah
465:Quran
444:Dawud
287:1936
272:1865
230:JSTOR
216:books
132:Stone
119:Tower
840:2017
827:ISBN
779:and
702:2015
689:ISBN
540:1099
491:and
477:Ayah
471:38.
439:Bab
297:map)
202:news
116:Type
538:in
473:Sad
451:or
185:by
153:Yes
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