485:
80:
570:
265:
87:
64:
1694:
356:. Another name known for the area was "Stinkpot Bay". In 1861, Thomas Holt bought Towra Point, and divided it into paddocks for grazing or growing corn. Sheep grazing was particularly disastrous, and many thousands of sheep died of footrot and are buried at Towra Point. In the late 1870s, Thomas Holt began oyster farming at
1721:, education programs need to teach about total catchment management programs. Educational programs include guided tours for the general public, school visits, media liaison, information centres, conference presentations, interpretive signage, publications and facts sheets. Staff should also include education officers.
1712:
Exclusion – Those responsible for the management of wetland areas often facilitate public access to a small, designated area while restricting access to other areas. Provision of defined boardwalks and walkways is a management strategy used to restrict access to vulnerable areas, as is
429:
In 1990, the
Elephant's Trunk was eroded so much that the tip broke off into an island. By this time, Towra Beach was so eroded that trees that were part of the forest were "tumbling into the water". The Friends of Towra Point volunteer group was founded in February 1997 and they do such activities
412:
In 1981, another oil spill occurred at the
Matraville refinery, causing more damage to the mangroves. In 1982, Towra Point was officially made a nature reserve. In 1983 Towra was suffering from erosion – the Elephant's Trunk, a peninsula of Towra had shrunk to 3 metres wide. The seagrasses were also
384:
ruled out Towra Point as a potential site for a second airport, citing community noise problems. The opening to Botany Bay was dredged in the 1970s to assist shipping, but this refracted the wave patterns in the bay, focusing them on Towra Point, causing erosion. The building of the revetment wall in
421:
1, 2, 3 and 6. In 2009, Towra Point met Ramsar criteria 2, 3, 4 and 8. In 1987, the Towra Point
Aquatic Nature Reserve was created, covering 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) in the waterways surrounding Towra Point. Towra Point Nature Reserve also attempts to meet the Federal government's obligations to
2006:
and regulations. Section 17B provides that a person is guilty of a criminal offence if (a) the person takes an action ; and (b) the action results or will result in a significant impact on the ecological character of a wetland; and (c) the wetland is a declared Ramsar wetland. Towra Point Nature
1950:
Care has been taken to develop management plans that are both realistic and flexible. They need to take into account scientific and technological advances, changing social and political attitudes and variations in the level of funding. Management plans also need to be consistent with
Australia's
565:
Towra Point Nature
Reserve is home to many endangered, vulnerable, protected and exotic species. This list is from the NSW Government's Environment and Heritage department website – a comprehensive listing, including numbers, scientific names, and protection status, can be found at this link.
351:
mapped Botany Bay when he landed in 1770, including Towra Point. Early
European colonialists ran horses and cattle on Towra Point, despite the poor condition of the land for such a purpose. In 1827, "Towra Point" and "Towra Bay" were recorded as local names by the surveyor
1870:
Land destabilisation – due to extensive mining of the larger dunes on Towra Point during the twentieth century it has been suggested that if the site was ravaged by strong enough storms breaks in the point could occur and breach the gentle lagoons of Towra
1760:(CAMBA). Legislation that Australia and New South Wales have passed in regard to Towra Point Wetlands are the Australian Wetlands Policy, the New South Wales Wetlands Management Policy (1996) and the State and Environmental Planning Policy 14 on Coastal Wetlands.
1945:
Develop and implement management plans – An intertidal wetland is a dynamic system. As our knowledge of ecosystems has increased community attitudes have changed. Communities are now demanding that these ecosystems are protected and effectively
360:
in Towra Point. In 1935, the Parks and
Playgrounds Movement of NSW opposed an application to mine for shell at Towra Point. During World War II, a radar station was established, and a causeway built. In 1946, Towra Point was considered as a location for a
2314:
1724:
Action – too little is known about the intertidal wetland system to successfully reinstate all natural conditions. Management plans focus on the rehabilitation of the site and the removal of human-induced stresses. For example,
1740:
Design – Design interventions have proved successful in minimising sources of natural stress. At Towra Point Beach, for example, there is a sandbag wall to help prevent salt water from leaking into the fresh-water Towra
408:
spilled approximately 95 tonnes (105 short tons) of crude oil into Botany Bay. Mangroves at
Quibray Bay, Weeney Bay and Towra Point were impacted – 100 hectares (250 acres) of mangroves were affected, and 4.4 hectares (11 acres) died.
2659:
Jones, Alan R.; Murray, Anna; Lasiak, Theresa A.; Marsh, Robin E. (July 2008). "The effects of beach nourishment on the sandy-beach amphipod
Exoediceros fossor: impact and recovery in Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia".
5434:
1716:
Education – In the past, wetlands were regarded as waste-lands. Education campaigns have helped to change public perceptions and foster public support for the wetlands. Due to their location in the
2943:
3070:"Coastal Dune Littoral Rainforest S_RF06" (pp.21-23) in Office of Environment and Heritage (2013) 'The Native Vegetation of the Sydney Metropolitan Area Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles.' Sydney
404:, which would come into force in April 1981. This was the first time that the Australian Government had bought land for nature conservation purposes within a state. On 10 September 1979 the oil tanker
2143:
2045:(NSW) and applicable SEPPs (e.g. State Environmental Planning Policy No 39—Spit Island Bird Habitat). Following a review, several SEPPs were repealed in favour of using Local Environmental Plans.
3593:
322:
of international importance as an important breeding ground for many vulnerable, protected, or endangered species. The Towra Point
Aquatic Nature Reserve is located in the surrounding waterways.
5550:
2001:
79:
2647:
1813:
Introduction of exotic species – e.g. foxes, rabbits, sheep, cattle, pigs. – change energy flows and nutrient cycles. Birds are particularly affected, for example the
2041:
5111:
3184:
464:
In 2010, artificial roosting posts were installed by the Office of Environment & Heritage to supplement the roosting habitat in the area. In the 2010 breeding season, 72
2976:
Hickey, Deanne; Bruce, Eleanor (January 2010). "Examining Tidal Inundation and Salt Marsh Vegetation Distribution Patterns using Spatial Analysis (Botany Bay, Australia)".
5303:
3586:
2694:
Lillian, Saleh. "Bob's Good Tern – Cost To Save Each Bird? $ 12,500." Daily Telegraph, The (Sydney) (n.d.): Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
1930:
Define management unit and boundaries – The "management unit" for many intertidal wetlands is often difficult to define because of the large number of
3152:
1820:
Indirect influences from adjacent sites – e.g. weed infestation (lantana – Towra Point) – carried into the wetlands by horses from the nearby stables.
3841:
2704:
3157:
2031:
449:
species, they had recovered by 2005. In January 2004, 24 little tern were killed after picnickers and a dog accidentally landed on Towra Spit Island. In 2004, a
547:
In 2001, the mangrove forests of Towra Point were described as varying in width between tens and hundreds of metres and largely consisting of the grey mangrove
1757:
1753:
401:
124:
5606:
2388:
1846:
Erosion of Towra Beach – due to wave refraction from the Sydney Airport runway which causes the freshwater Towra Point Lagoon to become saline
5366:
3579:
2154:
5591:
5472:
2458:
1911:
Identify management goals and objectives – Today management plans for wetlands focus on the preservation and sustainable use of sites for
2363:
2008:
5611:
4410:
4240:
1968:
1935:
458:
184:
2340:
2175:
5104:
3177:
5487:
5159:
468:
fledged. In 2012, the site received a "Grey Globe" award of shame, given to Ramsar sites that are considered to be under threat. In 2013, the
2755:
2413:
3130:
1705:
by minimising their impacts and by developing management strategies that protect, and where possible rehabilitate these ecosystems at risk.
2517:
2025:
1898:
The traditional objectives for the management of wetland areas were built around the use of wetland resources for food, shelter and tools.
1784:
Removal of resources for urban and industrial land uses – These also increase turbidity and toxins in the water supplied to
389:
was also thought to contribute to the changed wave patterns. In 1974 and 1975, the waves off Towra were so strong that teens surfed there.
1884: – near the walkway, subsidence has been recorded, which has encouraged the establishment of mangroves in the upper swamp.
1748:
and regulations are used to protect Towra Point Wetlands. Conventions that Australia has signed in regard to Towra Point Wetlands are the
438:
activities at Towra Point. Habitat creation involves sandbagging the eroding Towra Lagoon, nest tagging, and clearing areas around nests.
5527:
5371:
5331:
5308:
1985:
Partnership for the Conservation of Migratory Waterbirds and the Sustainable Use of their Habitats in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway
1863:
Illegal rubbish dumping – has occurred both in the reserve and near the entrance. In late 2004, a large amount of dumped
1984:
5586:
5581:
5097:
5080:
4728:
3669:
3602:
3170:
3080:
1988:
254:
2827:
5184:
5136:
5120:
4162:
3546:
3411:
3281:
3028:
1830:
near Towra Point, 31 oil spills between 1957 and 1987 averaging 49,000 litres (11,000 imp gal; 13,000 US gal).
4488:
3904:
3653:
3386:
3251:
5482:
5288:
5250:
4645:
4017:
3815:
3795:
3514:
3311:
2512:
3162:
1874:
Runoff – due to most of the surrounding land being used for urban and industrial purposes. Stormwater from the
413:
being eaten by sea-urchins – the population had exploded from 20,000 per hectare in 1979 to 80,000 by 1983. It was declared a
5540:
5164:
4285:
3341:
3216:
2632:
1833:
Recreational horse riding – on the reserve and unsupervised recreational use of the reserve (e.g. dog walking)
1810: – in areas adjoining wetlands can affect energy flows and nutrient cycles as species levels will be affected.
49:
2787:
484:
4958:
4805:
4749:
3993:
3492:
3487:
3366:
3226:
3020:
2583:
2094:
839:
1902:
wood, for example, was used to make shields, shells were made into fishing hooks; and marine animals were used for food.
5596:
5545:
5419:
5128:
5066:
5020:
4821:
4739:
4586:
4541:
3971:
3391:
3371:
3331:
3276:
1416:
453:
1.5 million dredging project was undertaken to cut off Towra Spit Island from the rest of Towra Point to provide a
117:
5341:
5154:
4947:
4791:
4774:
4546:
4465:
4376:
4330:
4028:
4012:
3658:
3529:
3376:
3361:
3266:
3236:
2888:
2049:
1391:
473:
380:, state MP for Cronulla, praised the idea, but was met by community backlash. In March 1969, the then Prime Minister,
2053:
195:
461:
as part of the "Towra Team", combining bush regeneration work with learning traditional Aboriginal cultural skills.
5601:
5404:
5015:
4844:
4344:
4293:
4280:
4063:
3998:
3863:
3774:
3720:
3499:
3421:
3396:
3296:
3291:
3241:
1268:
769:
5616:
5061:
5040:
4981:
4931:
4816:
4688:
4457:
4440:
4167:
3779:
3741:
3680:
3534:
3381:
3321:
3271:
3231:
2832:
2760:
2709:
2616:
2599:
2546:
2443:
2418:
2255:
2180:
1857:
1406:
1273:
1239:
599:
5424:
5255:
4942:
4923:
4713:
4708:
4572:
4423:
4269:
4133:
3855:
3733:
3728:
3356:
3326:
2855:
Minchinton, Todd E. (October 2001). "Canopy and substratum heterogeneity influence recruitment of the mangrove
2228:
2086:
1401:
1099:
744:
469:
3110:
Second Sydney Airport: report on Commonwealth-State consideration Towra Point, Wattomolla and Mascot extension
2572:
5174:
5051:
4723:
4632:
4524:
4507:
3936:
3524:
3464:
3336:
3221:
2802:
2522:
2462:
2392:
2318:
2285:
1775:
1589:
1475:
1446:
1396:
1367:
1352:
1139:
1054:
639:
445:
at Towra Point, involving 60,000 cubic metres of sand. While this had an immediate negative effect on some
397:
353:
3117:
5517:
5439:
5414:
5356:
5293:
4744:
4718:
4674:
4637:
4493:
4418:
4325:
3749:
3562:
3351:
3286:
1594:
1386:
1357:
1278:
1149:
1009:
959:
914:
614:
553:
435:
457:. In around 2007, the La Perouse Aboriginal Community began sending trainees to work in the area for the
368:
In the 1960s, movement began to preserve Towra Point led initially by the President of Sutherland Shire,
5462:
5351:
4906:
3784:
3256:
2348:
2278:
2185:
1789:
1515:
1411:
1362:
1199:
1069:
954:
794:
759:
654:
634:
362:
53:
1144:
569:
472:
and 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of land including Towra Point Nature Reserve were to be included on the
3011:
264:
5497:
5394:
5232:
4387:
3459:
2669:
1916:
1599:
1560:
1550:
1525:
1293:
1288:
1249:
999:
949:
884:
749:
679:
5502:
3519:
3504:
1931:
1669:
1604:
1470:
1254:
1234:
1209:
1154:
1124:
1074:
834:
774:
754:
689:
684:
5336:
5260:
5219:
3045:
2993:
2861:
2597:
Glascott, Joseph (17 September 1983). "The 'Old Man' of Botany: Bernie's fight to save the bay".
2489:
1702:
1485:
1426:
1283:
1214:
984:
979:
944:
929:
924:
904:
724:
709:
664:
594:
454:
3571:
3146:
5467:
5454:
5227:
5189:
3126:
3024:
2921:
2289:
2120:
1964:
1749:
1609:
1500:
1372:
1224:
1094:
1044:
1039:
1024:
939:
899:
894:
889:
844:
804:
789:
739:
719:
604:
501:
442:
315:
211:
5386:
3194:
2985:
2870:
2677:
2150:
1939:
1899:
1875:
1827:
1570:
1555:
1545:
1460:
1441:
1436:
1184:
1179:
1014:
919:
909:
879:
829:
824:
819:
784:
729:
584:
311:
284:
2544:
Glascott, Joseph (7 April 1982). "Oil spill killing vital bird sanctuary, say scientists".
5409:
5376:
5280:
5199:
5169:
5146:
3198:
3057:
2636:
1972:
1708:
The following are positive ways of trying to protect or rehabilitate intertidal wetlands.
1629:
1619:
1431:
1421:
1194:
1174:
1159:
1059:
1049:
994:
989:
964:
934:
849:
799:
694:
589:
369:
338:
295:
288:
40:
1004:
2673:
5555:
5429:
5270:
3509:
3444:
2910:
2731:
1924:
1853:
1793:
1718:
1579:
1520:
1495:
1244:
1229:
1109:
1089:
1084:
1029:
969:
814:
734:
609:
430:
as bush regeneration, seed collection, vegetation surveys and habitat creation for the
280:
5575:
5560:
5512:
5298:
3449:
2997:
2874:
2681:
1999:
As the Towra Point area is Ramsar listed, this attracts the operation of the federal
1639:
1624:
1530:
1164:
1114:
1034:
974:
644:
629:
619:
522:
573:
Looking across towards Towra Point Nature Reserve from Sandringham, New South Wales.
5535:
5444:
5399:
5361:
5346:
5179:
1803:
Replacement of wetland areas – for parks, playing fields or pasture.
1614:
1565:
869:
864:
809:
714:
704:
624:
393:
377:
348:
2630:
63:
5507:
5265:
5204:
5194:
3469:
3454:
3416:
2171:
1814:
1745:
1654:
1510:
1465:
1332:
1204:
1189:
1119:
1064:
874:
859:
854:
764:
699:
505:
497:
465:
431:
418:
414:
386:
381:
5242:
3539:
3401:
2742:
2484:
1912:
1881:
1840:
1836:
Boating – disturbs wildlife in the park, and creates pollution.
1797:
1659:
1649:
1584:
1540:
1169:
1129:
1019:
779:
659:
557:
growing in patches along the edge of the forest closest to the landward edge.
530:
525:
512:
357:
303:
277:
2293:
2250:
302:. The 603-hectare (1,490-acre) reserve is situated on the southern shores of
139:
126:
5492:
5477:
5313:
5089:
3246:
1920:
1807:
1771:
1685:
surrounding Towra Point has been impacted as a result of human interaction.
1682:
1574:
1505:
1490:
1342:
1337:
1219:
1134:
1079:
674:
649:
299:
2211:
488:
Saltmarsh and mangroves make up a large part of Towra Point Nature Reserve.
17:
2782:
Carr, Kate (30 December 2011). "Little terns rule the roosts at reserve".
493:
5323:
3482:
3406:
3346:
3301:
3261:
2441:
Glascott, Joseph (4 June 1983). "Bird haven threatened, say ecologists".
2012:
1864:
1785:
1781:
Alteration of water flows – through construction of roads.
1664:
1634:
1535:
669:
517:
446:
373:
345:
and one relic that still remain today at the Towra Point Nature Reserve.
3119:
Towra Point Nature Reserve Ramsar site: ecological character description
2732:
The Towra Team – Fact Sheets – Gardening Australia – GARDENING AUSTRALIA
2023:
In addition to land use planning law, the following Acts are applicable
1693:
3316:
3306:
2389:"Tasmania: Sydney Airport: Towra Point Development (Question No. 1918)"
2057:
1980:
1849:
Fragmentation of the reserve – by private land ownership
1644:
319:
307:
2989:
2944:"Water Management Report: Appendix E: Water and Wastewater Management"
417:(or wetland of international importance) in 1984, at the time meeting
3202:
2364:"Flashback Friday Photos | People power stops airport at Towra Point"
1730:
1480:
1327:
1322:
536:
342:
291:
110:
1856:
runway and the oil refinery. There have also been concerns that the
2315:"Federation Chamber: Condolences: Gietzelt, Hon. Arthur Thomas, AO"
1927:
but many areas are open to recreational and educational activities.
2954:
2705:"It's the call of the mild – one good tern deserves a little help"
2614:
Bailey, Paul (28 April 1990). "The Bay, no place for botany now".
2115:
2009:
Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia
1976:
1878:
runs through the Ramsar-listed area of Towra Point Nature Reserve.
1713:
the issuing of permits whilst visiting Towra Point Nature Reserve.
1307:
1104:
568:
541:
483:
423:
3125:. Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW. 2010.
2048:
Towra Point Nature Reserve has been listed as being part of the
1734:
5093:
3575:
3166:
1726:
1347:
1317:
1312:
1852:
Bay development – in general, including the
1955:
Applicable legislation and international environmental law
504:– these diverse habitats are part of why Towra Point is a
2011:, a critically endangered ecological community under the
1951:
international obligations under JAMBA, CAMBA and Ramsar.
2002:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
68:
Aerial photograph of Towra Point and surrounding waters.
1942:
Council, Friends of Towra Point and recreational users.
1839:
Fishing – kills fish, which affects the
376:, the then Federal Minister for Urban Affairs. In 1965
2828:"Botany Bay National Park bound for heritage register"
1934:. For example, the Towra Point wetland has input from
3081:"State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPP) review"
1701:
Humans can maximise the area of healthy, functioning
2214:" (1773) . Collections. State Library of Queensland.
5526:
5453:
5385:
5322:
5279:
5241:
5218:
5145:
5127:
5005:
4761:
4625:
4233:
4072:
3983:
3758:
3698:
3610:
3437:
3430:
3209:
250:
234:
226:
218:
209:
202:
190:
178:
170:
155:
116:
104:
34:
3158:NSW Fisheries - Towra Point Aquatic Nature Reserve
86:
3147:Sutherland Shire Environment Centre - Towra Point
2603:. The Sydney Morning Herald Archives. p. 33.
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2550:. The Sydney Morning Herald Archives. p. 16.
2513:"World Encouragement, Botany Bay, September 1979"
2144:"Origin of the names of suburbs and other places"
5304:Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland
2620:. The Sydney Morning Herald Archives. p. 1.
2447:. The Sydney Morning Herald Archives. p. 5.
2284:(PDF). Department of the Parliamentary Library;
2223:
2221:
2205:
2203:
2212:Entrance of Endeavour River, in New South Wales
3013:Towra Point Nature Reserve: Plan of Management
2889:"Environment & Heritage | NSW BioNet"
2032:Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
1823:Trampling – from illegal access
1770:Changed wind patterns – due to
5105:
3587:
3178:
2087:"Towra Point Nature Reserve: Park management"
400:in 1975, attempting to fulfil obligations to
8:
3112:, Environmental Impact Reports Pty Ltd, 1973
29:Protected area in New South Wales, Australia
5112:
5098:
5090:
3594:
3580:
3572:
3434:
3185:
3171:
3163:
2501:– via National Library of Australia.
2267:– via National Library of Australia.
1788:. (The removal can also result in changed
1697:Looking west from the air over Towra Point
62:
31:
1936:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
459:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
268:Aerial view of Towra Point Nature Reserve
185:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
5435:Port Phillip Bay and Bellarine Peninsula
2341:"Looking back: biodiversity legislation"
2176:"Kurnell Sands Demand Shift in Attitude"
2042:Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995
1758:China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
1754:Japan–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
1692:
332:A geoshape of Towra Point Nature Reserve
263:
2807:St George & Sutherland Shire Leader
2784:St George & Sutherland Shire Leader
2368:St George & Sutherland Shire Leader
2069:
1800:for both sedentary and migratory fauna)
3053:
3043:
2788:Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre
2279:"Second Sydney Airport — A Chronology"
1860:will impact negatively on the reserve.
1826:Threat of oil spills –
441:In 2003, it was proposed to undertake
5337:Cape Barren Island east coast lagoons
2414:"Rough ride for bay's fragile beauty"
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
314:. The reserve is protected under the
233:
225:
217:
208:
7:
2918:Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands
2518:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
2362:Trembath, Murray (12 October 2018).
2026:National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
5607:Protected areas established in 1982
2580:Local Land Services: Greater Sydney
508:. The habitats of the reserve are:
5081:Protected areas of New South Wales
3603:Nature reserves of New South Wales
3193:Suburbs and localities within the
2459:"Death Of Mr Ray William Thorburn"
2091:Office of Environment and Heritage
1989:Convention on Biological Diversity
434:. They also coordinate the annual
174:6.03 km (2.3 sq mi)
25:
5592:Endangered ecological communities
5556:Hosnies Spring (Christmas Island)
2801:Trembath, Murray (10 July 2014).
2007:Reserve is listed a component of
426:, which came into force in 1988.
5612:1982 establishments in Australia
2875:10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00599.x
2754:Curtin, Jennie (31 March 2010).
2682:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00197.x
2050:Coastal Dune Littoral Rainforest
1923:purposes. This may involve some
396:, the reserve was bought by the
85:
78:
5289:Banrock Station Wetland Complex
3149:(the virtual tour is excellent)
2803:"Towra bird habitat in decline"
2054:endangered ecological community
1960:International environmental law
1422:Yellow-bellied three-toed skink
5473:Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes
5165:Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps
2951:Environmental Impact Statement
1:
5551:Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs
3021:Government of New South Wales
2584:Government of New South Wales
2485:"Mangrove area to be reserve"
2095:Government of New South Wales
2037:Fisheries Management Act 1994
1843:operating within the reserve.
1774:near some wetland areas e.g.
1744:Legislation –
840:Australian pied oystercatcher
337:Kurnell was inhabited by the
5546:The Dales (Christmas Island)
5129:Australian Capital Territory
2911:"Towra Point Nature Reserve"
2347:. April 2005. Archived from
2229:"Towra Point Nature Reserve"
1417:Pale-flecked garden sunskink
1412:Dark-flecked garden sunskink
5342:Interlaken Lakeside Reserve
3153:Sydney University Excursion
2978:Journal of Coastal Research
1392:Eastern snake-necked turtle
500:deposit, has many distinct
5633:
5488:Lakes Argyle and Kununurra
5405:Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands
4762:Southeast & Tablelands
4535:South West Solitary Island
4504:North-West Solitary Island
3759:Hunter & Central Coast
2493:. 21 March 1975. p. 3
2153:. May 2013. Archived from
1269:Green and golden bell frog
770:White-throated treecreeper
274:Towra Point Nature Reserve
196:Towra Point Nature Reserve
93:Towra Point Nature Reserve
36:Towra Point Nature Reserve
5587:Nature reserves in Sydney
5582:Ramsar sites in Australia
5377:Pittwater–Orielton Lagoon
5185:Little Llangothlin Lagoon
5121:Ramsar sites in Australia
5078:
4775:Barunguba Montague Island
4411:Julian Rocks Nguthungulli
4241:Andrew Johnston Big Scrub
3560:
2833:The Sydney Morning Herald
2761:The Sydney Morning Herald
2743:Towra Team: NSW - YouTube
2710:The Sydney Morning Herald
2617:The Sydney Morning Herald
2600:The Sydney Morning Herald
2547:The Sydney Morning Herald
2444:The Sydney Morning Herald
2419:The Sydney Morning Herald
2256:The Sydney Morning Herald
2181:The Sydney Morning Herald
2123:Sites Information Service
2052:ecological community, an
1995:Federal environmental law
1889:Management of the reserve
1858:Sydney Desalination Plant
1407:Black-bellied swamp snake
1240:White-throated needletail
600:Chestnut-rumped heathwren
246:
242:
73:
61:
47:
3611:Central West & Orana
2891:. Environment.nsw.gov.au
2259:. 10 May 1935. p. 5
2151:Sutherland Shire Council
1402:Eastern small-eyed snake
1100:Sulphur-crested cockatoo
745:Black-faced cuckooshrike
551:with the river mangrove
470:Botany Bay National Park
5175:Hunter Estuary Wetlands
3868:Little Broughton Island
3085:www.planning.nsw.gov.au
2648:Towra Beach Nourishment
2523:Government of Australia
2463:Parliament of Australia
2393:Parliament of Australia
2319:Parliament of Australia
2286:Government of Australia
2251:"Parks and Playgrounds"
2019:State environmental law
1776:Bicentennial Park South
1397:Red-bellied black snake
1368:Greater broad-nosed bat
1353:Common brushtail possum
1140:Yellow-faced honeyeater
1055:Golden-headed cisticola
640:White-bellied sea eagle
474:State Heritage Register
398:Government of Australia
5440:Western District Lakes
5367:Lower Ringarooma River
5357:Little Waterhouse Lake
5294:Bool and Hacks Lagoons
5160:Central Murray Forests
5006:Sydney & Surrounds
4178:Mother Of Ducks Lagoon
4073:New England-North West
3789:Brimbin Nature Reserve
3563:List of Sydney suburbs
2756:"Towra Point wetlands"
2345:National Parks Journal
1698:
1595:Broad-leaved paperbark
1358:Grey-headed flying fox
1279:Common eastern froglet
1274:Keferstein's tree frog
1150:White-naped honeyeater
1010:Sharp-tailed sandpiper
960:Little black cormorant
915:New Holland honeyeater
615:White-browed scrubwren
574:
554:Aegiceras corniculatum
489:
436:Clean Up Australia Day
392:Following lobbying by
341:, and there are three
269:
140:34.00639°S 151.16528°E
5518:Vasse-Wonnerup System
5463:Becher Point Wetlands
4538:Split Solitary Island
4501:North Solitary Island
4445:Little Pimlico Island
4121:Doctors Nose Mountain
1696:
1363:Lesser long-eared bat
1200:Australian masked owl
1070:Australian white ibis
955:Little pied cormorant
795:Shining bronze cuckoo
760:Pacific golden plover
655:Australasian shoveler
635:Black-shouldered kite
572:
487:
363:second Sydney airport
267:
54:strict nature reserve
5528:External territories
5503:Peel-Yalgorup System
5498:Ord River Floodplain
5420:Hattah-Kulkyne Lakes
5233:Kakadu National Park
3984:Illawarra-Shoalhaven
3792:Bugan Nature Reserve
3460:North Cronulla Beach
2635:16 June 2005 at the
1733:baiting, removal of
1719:water catchment area
1551:Native wandering jew
1294:Jervis Bay tree frog
1250:Australasian bittern
1000:Red-whiskered bulbul
950:Eastern yellow robin
885:Variegated fairywren
750:Double-banded plover
680:Australian wood duck
455:fox-free environment
180:Managing authorities
145:-34.00639; 151.16528
106:Nearest town or city
5597:Geography of Sydney
4729:South West Woodland
4705:Murrumbidgee Valley
4479:Muckleewee Mountain
3670:South West Woodland
3520:Royal National Park
3505:Cronulla sand dunes
2674:2008MarEc..29S..28J
2525:. 10 September 1979
1703:intertidal wetlands
1670:Magenta lilly pilly
1476:Parrot alstroemeria
1471:New Zealand spinach
1437:Eastern water-skink
1255:Nankeen night heron
1235:Spotted turtle dove
1210:Great crested grebe
1155:Olive-backed oriole
1125:Restless flycatcher
1075:Painted buttonquail
835:Sooty oystercatcher
775:Bar-shouldered dove
755:Greater sand plover
690:Australasian darter
685:Australian shelduck
406:World Encouragement
283:that is located in
136: /
5541:Coral Sea Reserves
5493:Muir-Byenup System
5483:Lake Warden System
5261:Great Sandy Strait
5220:Northern Territory
4668:Flagstaff Memorial
4202:Stony Batter Creek
4163:Little Llangothlin
4127:Dthinna Dthinnawan
2862:Journal of Ecology
2836:. 24 November 2013
2490:The Canberra Times
2465:. 11 February 1986
2321:. 12 February 2014
2231:. Sutherland Shire
2188:on 26 January 2003
1699:
1442:Barred-sided skink
1427:Eastern bluetongue
1284:Striped marsh frog
1215:Australasian grebe
1145:Lewin's honeyeater
985:Blue-winged parrot
980:Hoary-headed grebe
945:Australian pelican
930:Grey shrike-thrush
925:Eurasian blackbird
905:White-fronted chat
725:Eastern reef egret
710:Intermediate egret
665:Pacific black duck
595:Striated fieldwren
575:
490:
270:
255:Protected areas of
235:Reference no.
5602:Kurnell Peninsula
5569:
5568:
5468:Eighty Mile Beach
5455:Western Australia
5309:Piccaninnie Ponds
5251:Bowling Green Bay
5228:Cobourg Peninsula
5190:Macquarie Marshes
5087:
5086:
4986:Wollondilly River
4832:Cullendulla Creek
4740:The Charcoal Tank
4594:Willi Willi Caves
4489:Muttonbird Island
4322:Cooperabung Creek
4277:Bridal Veil Falls
4036:Narrawallee Creek
3654:Macquarie Marshes
3569:
3568:
3478:
3477:
3132:978-1-74232-132-5
2990:10.2112/08-1089.1
2713:. 4 December 2004
2573:"Towra Point ECD"
2174:(20 March 2000).
1965:Ramsar Convention
1938:, NSW Fisheries,
1750:Ramsar Convention
1610:Sweet pittosporum
1501:Fruit salad plant
1373:Little forest bat
1289:Peron's tree frog
1225:Brown cuckoo-dove
1095:Australian magpie
1045:Common greenshank
1040:Eurasian whimbrel
1025:Bar-tailed godwit
940:Spotted pardalote
900:Little wattlebird
895:Eastern spinebill
890:Southern emu-wren
845:Sacred kingfisher
805:Leaden flycatcher
790:Fan-tailed cuckoo
740:Bush stone-curlew
720:White-faced heron
605:Mangrove gerygone
443:beach nourishment
316:Ramsar Convention
262:
261:
16:(Redirected from
5624:
5617:Sutherland Shire
5445:Western Port Bay
5256:Currawinya Lakes
5114:
5107:
5100:
5091:
4966:Tollgate Islands
4646:Boginderra Hills
4551:Tabbimoble Swamp
4310:Clarence Estuary
4298:Burnt-Down Scrub
4144:Guy Fawkes River
4018:Cambewarra Range
3927:Spectacle Island
3816:Coocumbac Island
3796:Burning Mountain
3768:Bandicoot Island
3596:
3589:
3582:
3573:
3547:Sylvania Heights
3435:
3412:Woronora Heights
3282:Greenhills Beach
3195:Sutherland Shire
3187:
3180:
3173:
3164:
3136:
3124:
3113:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3018:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2955:Caltex Australia
2948:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2857:Avicennia marina
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2656:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2569:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2283:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2184:. Archived from
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2083:
1940:Sutherland Shire
1876:Kurnell Refinery
1828:Kurnell Refinery
1765:Negative effects
1737:(at Weedy Pond).
1689:Positive effects
1620:Panic veldtgrass
1571:Port Jackson fig
1556:Tree broom-heath
1185:Southern boobook
1180:Rainbow lorikeet
1015:Curlew sandpiper
920:Australian pipit
910:Brown honeyeater
880:Superb fairywren
830:Peregrine falcon
825:Australian hobby
820:Red-browed finch
785:Australian raven
730:Grey butcherbird
585:Yellow thornbill
549:Avicennia marina
452:
312:Sutherland Shire
285:Sutherland Shire
230:21 February 1984
198:
181:
166:
164:
159:August 1982
151:
150:
148:
147:
146:
141:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
107:
89:
88:
82:
66:
43:
37:
32:
21:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5522:
5449:
5425:Kerang Wetlands
5415:Gunbower Forest
5410:Gippsland Lakes
5381:
5372:Moulting Lagoon
5318:
5281:South Australia
5275:
5237:
5214:
5200:Narran Wetlands
5170:Gwydir Wetlands
5147:New South Wales
5141:
5123:
5118:
5088:
5083:
5074:
5001:
4782:Bell Bird Creek
4757:
4626:Riverina-Murray
4621:
4600:Woodford Island
4451:Marshalls Creek
4358:Fishermans Bend
4286:Brunswick Heads
4229:
4181:Mount Mackenzie
4068:
4045:Saltwater Swamp
4022:Comerong Island
3979:
3956:Wamberal Lagoon
3944:Tingira Heights
3915:Saratoga Island
3895:One Tree Island
3754:
3694:
3606:
3600:
3570:
3565:
3556:
3474:
3426:
3387:Sylvania Waters
3252:Caringbah South
3205:
3199:Southern Sydney
3191:
3143:
3133:
3122:
3116:
3108:
3105:
3103:Further reading
3100:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3052:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2642:
2637:Wayback Machine
2629:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2351:on 4 July 2005.
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2160:on 12 May 2014.
2157:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2085:
2084:
2071:
2066:
2021:
1997:
1973:Bonn Convention
1962:
1957:
1925:exclusion zones
1908:
1896:
1891:
1867:was discovered.
1806:Destruction of
1794:nutrient cycles
1767:
1691:
1679:
1674:
1630:Coastal banksia
1590:Swamp paperbark
1456:
1451:
1432:Robust ctenotus
1382:
1377:
1303:
1298:
1264:
1259:
1195:Tawny grassbird
1175:Tawny frogmouth
1160:Golden whistler
1060:Royal spoonbill
1050:Common starling
995:Crimson rosella
990:Eastern rosella
965:Great cormorant
935:Rufous whistler
850:Welcome swallow
800:Spangled drongo
695:Oriental darter
590:Brown thornbill
580:
563:
482:
450:
419:Ramsar criteria
370:Arthur Gietzelt
339:Dharawal people
335:
334:
333:
328:
296:New South Wales
257:New South Wales
256:
214:
194:
179:
162:
160:
144:
142:
138:
135:
130:
127:
125:
123:
122:
105:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
90:
69:
57:
41:New South Wales
39:
38:
35:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5630:
5628:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5430:Lake Albacutya
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5332:Apsley Marshes
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5271:Shoalwater Bay
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5205:Paroo Wetlands
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4959:Strike-a-Light
4956:
4953:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4894:Mount Clifford
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4861:Hattons Corner
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4806:Broulee Island
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4750:Wiesners Swamp
4747:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4686:
4685:Lachlan Valley
4683:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4521:Richmond River
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4460:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4364:Gads Sugarloaf
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4341:Cumbebin Swamp
4339:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4248:Bagul Waajaarr
4246:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4172:Melville Range
4170:
4165:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4112:Captains Creek
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:Kangaroo River
4031:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:Belowla Island
4001:
3996:
3994:Barren Grounds
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3924:Snapper Island
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3909:Regatta Island
3907:
3902:
3901:Pelican Island
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:Durands Island
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3806:Camerons Gorge
3804:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3515:North Engadine
3512:
3510:Gunnamatta Bay
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3493:nature reserve
3485:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Cronulla Beach
3441:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Kangaroo Point
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3141:External links
3139:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3114:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3072:
3063:
3029:
3003:
2968:
2935:
2902:
2880:
2869:(5): 888–902.
2847:
2819:
2793:
2774:
2746:
2735:
2724:
2696:
2687:
2662:Marine Ecology
2651:
2640:
2623:
2606:
2589:
2553:
2536:
2504:
2476:
2450:
2433:
2422:. 20 July 2007
2405:
2380:
2354:
2332:
2306:
2270:
2242:
2217:
2199:
2163:
2135:
2107:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2020:
2017:
1996:
1993:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1928:
1907:
1904:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1854:Sydney Airport
1850:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1782:
1779:
1778:, at Rockdale.
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1742:
1738:
1722:
1714:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1580:Cockspur thorn
1577:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:Cobbler's pegs
1528:
1523:
1521:Bridal creeper
1518:
1516:Asparagus fern
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:Common silkpod
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Jacky lashtail
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Little penguin
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Crested pigeon
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Masked lapwing
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:Striated heron
1087:
1085:Whistling kite
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Eastern curlew
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
970:Pied cormorant
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
815:Willie wagtail
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:Pied currawong
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
610:Brown gerygone
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
581:
579:
576:
562:
559:
545:
544:
539:
534:
528:
520:
515:
481:
478:
331:
330:
329:
327:
324:
281:nature reserve
260:
259:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:Ramsar Wetland
210:
207:
206:
204:
200:
199:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
157:
153:
152:
120:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
92:
91:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
48:
45:
44:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5629:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5513:Toolibin Lake
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:Barmah Forest
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Coongie Lakes
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5068:
5067:Windsor Downs
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Dalrymple-Hay
5019:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4897:Mount Dowling
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Cecil Hoskins
4820:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4591:Waragai Creek
4590:
4588:
4587:Victoria Park
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4566:Tweed Estuary
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:Stotts Island
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4476:Mount Seaview
4475:
4472:
4470:Mount Neville
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:Jobs Mountain
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:Hortons Creek
4383:
4381:Hogarth Range
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:Hattons Bluff
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:Cudgera Creek
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4307:Chapmans Peak
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4223:Watsons Creek
4222:
4219:
4217:Tuggolo Creek
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4187:North Obelisk
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:Jobs Mountain
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:Georges Creek
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4109:Burral Yurrul
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:Brundee Swamp
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3973:
3972:Wingham Brush
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3953:Wallis Island
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:Rileys Island
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Pulbah Island
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3883:Moffats Swamp
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3823:Corrie Island
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Elouera Beach
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:Lucas Heights
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Alfords Point
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3047:
3032:
3030:0-7313-6208-X
3026:
3023:. July 2001.
3022:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:(s1): 28–36.
2667:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:"Towra Point"
2111:
2108:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1900:Grey mangrove
1893:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1677:Human effects
1676:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Slender grape
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Rambling dock
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Grey mangrove
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:House sparrow
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Mistletoebird
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Little curlew
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Stubble quail
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:Chestnut teal
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Swamp harrier
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Brown goshawk
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
577:
571:
567:
560:
558:
556:
555:
550:
543:
540:
538:
535:
532:
529:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:Towra Point,
486:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
427:
425:
420:
416:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
359:
355:
350:
346:
344:
340:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
310:, within the
309:
305:
301:
298:, in eastern
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
266:
258:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
229:
221:
219:Official name
213:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
177:
173:
169:
158:
154:
149:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
103:
81:
72:
65:
60:
55:
51:
50:IUCN category
46:
42:
33:
27:
19:
5561:Pulu Keeling
5536:Ashmore Reef
5400:Corner Inlet
5362:Logan Lagoon
5347:Jocks Lagoon
5209:
5180:Lake Pinaroo
5137:Ginini Flats
5056:
4992:Yanununbeyan
4948:Scabby Range
4855:Goorooyarroo
4810:Burnt School
4792:Black Andrew
4771:Badja Swamps
4702:Mullengandra
4653:Clarkes Hill
4583:Verges Creek
4547:Susan Island
4518:Rawdon Creek
4485:Munro Island
4473:Mount Nullum
4466:Mount Hyland
4462:Mororo Creek
4454:Moonee Beach
4392:Inner Pocket
4377:Hayters Hill
4361:Flaggy Creek
4331:Couchy Creek
4301:Byrnes Scrub
4199:Severn River
4193:Planchonella
4091:Bolivia Hill
4029:Five Islands
4013:Brush Island
3976:Yahoo Island
3918:Seaham Swamp
3877:Mills Island
3820:Coolongolook
3800:Bushy Island
3659:Munghorn Gap
3632:Copperhannia
3551:
3488:Caravan Head
3465:Shelly Beach
3367:Port Hacking
3227:Barden Ridge
3118:
3109:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:
3075:
3066:
3034:. Retrieved
3012:
3006:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2957:. 3 May 2013
2950:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2924:. April 2012
2917:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2883:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2831:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:
2796:
2786:– via
2783:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2759:
2749:
2738:
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2690:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2643:
2626:
2615:
2609:
2598:
2592:
2579:
2545:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2488:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2453:
2442:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2417:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2357:
2349:the original
2344:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2192:12 September
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2179:
2172:Molloy, Fran
2166:
2155:the original
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2090:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2000:
1998:
1983:(2006), the
1963:
1949:
1932:stakeholders
1917:conservation
1906:Contemporary
1897:
1796:, affecting
1790:energy flows
1707:
1700:
1680:
1615:Pampas grass
1566:Wombat berry
1526:Crofton weed
1447:Weasel skink
1005:Lewin's rail
870:Caspian tern
865:Crested tern
810:Grey fantail
715:Little egret
705:Cattle egret
625:Grey goshawk
564:
552:
548:
546:
513:Salt marshes
491:
463:
440:
428:
411:
405:
394:Ray Thorburn
391:
378:Ian Griffith
367:
354:Robert Dixon
349:Captain Cook
347:
336:
273:
271:
26:
5508:Roebuck Bay
5266:Moreton Bay
5210:Towra Point
5195:Myall Lakes
5057:Towra Point
5034:Long Island
5031:Kemps Creek
5016:Castlereagh
5012:Agnes Banks
4978:Wanna Wanna
4955:Stony Creek
4891:Merriangaah
4845:Eagles Claw
4826:Coolumbooka
4813:Burra Creek
4615:Yarringully
4563:Tucki Tucki
4557:The Castles
4554:Tallawudjah
4532:Snows Gully
4515:Queens Lake
4434:Koukandowie
4415:Juugawaarri
4345:Davis Scrub
4319:Cook Island
4294:Bungawalbin
4281:Broken Head
4260:Boatharbour
4257:Billinudgel
4234:North Coast
4211:The Castles
4156:Kirramingly
4088:Bluff River
4064:Yatteyattah
4039:Parma Creek
3999:Barrengarry
3968:Wingen Maid
3962:Watchimbark
3930:Stormpetrel
3892:Moon Island
3864:Lion Island
3852:Khappinghat
3835:Flat Island
3809:Cedar Brush
3803:Camels Hump
3775:Bird Island
3725:Nearie Lake
3721:Narran Lake
3685:Winburndale
3641:Evans Crown
3605:, Australia
3552:Towra Point
3470:Wanda Beach
3455:Garie Beach
3417:Yarrawarrah
3392:Taren Point
3372:Sandy Point
3332:Lilli Pilli
3277:Grays Point
3054:|work=
1894:Traditional
1841:food chains
1815:little tern
1808:sea grasses
1798:food chains
1746:Legislation
1655:Black-berry
1561:Coffee bush
1511:English ivy
1466:Sickle fern
1333:House mouse
1205:Brown quail
1190:Common myna
1120:Magpie-lark
1065:Glossy ibis
875:Arctic tern
860:Little tern
855:Silver gull
765:Grey plover
700:Great egret
526:rainforests
506:Ramsar site
498:river delta
496:an ancient
466:little tern
432:little tern
415:Ramsar site
387:Port Botany
382:John Gorton
222:Towra Point
156:Established
143: /
131:151°09′55″E
118:Coordinates
18:Towra Point
5576:Categories
5243:Queensland
5071:Wianamatta
5062:Wallumatta
5041:Muogamarra
4982:Wee Jasper
4932:Queanbeyan
4911:Nadgigomar
4879:Koorawatha
4858:Gungewalla
4849:Egan Peaks
4838:Dananbilla
4829:Coornartha
4817:Burrinjuck
4799:Bondi Gulf
4689:Lake Urana
4679:Jerilderie
4650:Buddigower
4642:Bogandyera
4498:North Rock
4458:Moore Park
4441:Limpinwood
4437:Lake Innes
4355:Fifes Knob
4274:Bowraville
4263:Bollanolla
4220:Wallabadah
4196:Serpentine
4168:Mann River
4124:Donnybrook
4100:Booroolong
4097:Boomi West
4085:Back River
4079:Aberbaldie
4051:Triplarina
4048:Tapitallee
3941:Tilligerry
3921:Seal Rocks
3849:Khatambuhl
3842:John Gould
3812:Cockle Bay
3780:Boondelbah
3742:Round Hill
3738:Paddington
3717:Mutawintji
3711:Ledknapper
3681:Weetalibah
3650:Koorawatha
3644:Freemantle
3629:Coolbaggie
3540:Wattamolla
3530:Gundamaian
3431:Localities
3402:Woolooware
3377:Sutherland
3362:Oyster Bay
3267:Dolans Bay
3237:Bonnet Bay
3090:5 February
2984:: 94–102.
2812:17 October
2373:17 October
2064:References
2056:under the
1913:recreation
1882:Subsidence
1660:Wild olive
1650:Nightshade
1600:Pixie caps
1585:Muttonwood
1541:Bitou bush
1262:Amphibians
1170:Rose robin
1130:Kookaburra
1020:Great knot
780:Dollarbird
660:Black swan
531:Turpentine
358:Weeney Bay
304:Botany Bay
227:Designated
128:34°00′23″S
5478:Lake Gore
5314:Riverland
5155:Blue Lake
5048:Pitt Town
5045:Newington
4943:Robertson
4939:Razorback
4924:Oak Creek
4920:Numeralla
4900:Mundoonen
4873:Jerralong
4870:Ironmungy
4852:Good Good
4841:Dangelong
4796:Bobundara
4785:Bermaguee
4779:Bees Nest
4714:Nombinnie
4709:Nest Hill
4682:Jingellic
4665:Ellerslie
4659:Courabyra
4573:Ukerebagh
4448:Macquarie
4428:Koorebang
4424:Killabakh
4404:Jinangong
4395:Jaaningga
4349:Deer Vale
4304:Chambigne
4290:Bungabbee
4270:Boorganna
4266:Boonanghi
4208:The Basin
4141:Gibraltar
4134:Gamilaroi
4057:Woollamia
3898:Pambalong
3889:Monkeycot
3871:Manobalai
3860:Killarney
3856:Killabakh
3734:Nombinnie
3729:Nocoleche
3714:Morrisons
3705:Kajuligah
3691:Wongarbon
3647:Girralang
3500:Como West
3422:Yowie Bay
3397:Waterfall
3297:Heathcote
3292:Gymea Bay
3247:Caringbah
3242:Burraneer
3056:ignored (
3046:cite book
3036:2 October
2998:130728822
2961:2 October
2928:2 October
2840:2 October
2299:2 October
2294:1328-746X
2100:2 October
1921:education
1786:mangroves
1772:high-rise
1683:ecosystem
1575:rusty fig
1546:Swamp oak
1506:Arum lily
1491:Milk vine
1486:Moth vine
1343:Black rat
1338:Brown rat
1220:Rock dove
1135:Kelp gull
1080:Silvereye
675:Musk duck
650:Grey teal
518:Mangroves
300:Australia
278:protected
203:Footnotes
5387:Victoria
5324:Tasmania
5052:Prospect
4963:Tinderry
4864:Illawong
4835:Cuumbeun
4736:The Rock
4733:Tabletop
4724:Pulletop
4696:Loughnan
4693:Langtree
4662:Downfall
4656:Cocopara
4633:Big Bush
4618:Yessabah
4612:Yarravel
4606:Woregore
4569:Tyagarah
4529:Skillion
4525:Sherwood
4508:Numinbah
4316:Comboyne
4254:Banyabba
4245:Baalijin
4150:Ironbark
4115:Careunga
4103:Brigalow
4082:Arakoola
4060:Worrigee
4025:Dharawal
4006:Berkeley
3990:Bamarang
3950:Wallamba
3947:Towibakh
3937:The Glen
3933:Talawahl
3886:Monkerai
3880:Minimbah
3829:Darawank
3765:Awabakal
3708:Kemendok
3699:Far West
3674:Tollingo
3623:Binnaway
3617:Avisford
3535:Warumbul
3483:Bate Bay
3407:Woronora
3382:Sylvania
3347:Maianbar
3322:Kirrawee
3302:Illawong
3272:Engadine
3262:Cronulla
3232:Bundeena
2633:Archived
2288:. 2002.
2128:25 April
2013:EPBC Act
1991:(1992).
1987:(2006),
1979:(1988),
1975:(1983),
1971:(1981),
1967:(1971),
1946:managed.
1865:asbestos
1756:and the
1665:Samphire
1635:Tuckeroo
1536:Boneseed
1380:Reptiles
670:Hardhead
523:Littoral
502:habitats
480:Habitats
447:amphipod
374:Tom Uren
289:Southern
251:See also
5352:Lavinia
5028:Gulguer
4989:Wullwye
4969:Turallo
4936:Quidong
4928:Paupong
4914:Ngadang
4888:Meringo
4885:Kybeyan
4867:Illunie
4802:Bournda
4788:Binjura
4768:Araluen
4745:Ulandra
4719:Pucawan
4699:Mudjarn
4675:Ingalba
4671:Gubbata
4638:Bimberi
4603:Wooyung
4560:Tuckean
4512:Pee Dee
4494:Ngambaa
4482:Muldiva
4419:Kattang
4326:Coramba
4251:Ballina
4214:Tomalla
4205:Taringa
4190:Pilliga
4106:Budelah
4054:Wogamia
3959:Wambina
3838:Goonook
3826:Coxcomb
3771:Berrico
3750:Yathong
3688:Woggoon
3677:Wambool
3663:Pilliga
3638:Eugowra
3626:Boronga
3438:Beaches
3357:Miranda
3327:Kurnell
3317:Kareela
3307:Jannali
3210:Suburbs
3019:(PDR).
2953:(PDF).
2920:(PDF).
2670:Bibcode
2582:(PDF).
2058:TSC Act
2039:(NSW),
2035:(NSW),
2029:(NSW),
1981:ROKAMBA
1741:Lagoon.
1645:Lantana
1605:Inkweed
1301:Mammals
561:Species
542:Beaches
537:Lagoons
533:forests
343:middens
326:History
320:wetland
308:Kurnell
191:Website
163:1982-08
161: (
5037:Mulgoa
4975:Wadjan
4907:Nadgee
4903:Myalla
4876:Joadja
4597:Wilson
4577:Uralba
4431:Kororo
4401:Jasper
4352:Duroby
4335:Cudgen
4313:Cobaki
4184:Ngulin
4175:Midkin
4159:Linton
4147:Imbota
4042:Rodway
3965:Weelah
3874:Mernot
3846:Karuah
3785:Bretti
3746:Tarawi
3666:Quanda
3635:Dapper
3620:Barton
3525:Audley
3337:Loftus
3222:Bangor
3203:Sydney
3129:
3027:
2996:
2922:Ramsar
2292:
2263:4 June
2121:Ramsar
1871:Point.
1752:, the
1731:rabbit
1481:Fennel
1454:Plants
1328:Rabbit
1323:Dugong
372:, and
292:Sydney
111:Sydney
5025:Dural
4998:Young
4995:Yaouk
4972:Undoo
4952:Scott
4917:Nimmo
4754:Yanga
4609:Yaegl
4580:Valla
4398:Jagun
4388:Iluka
4370:Garby
4367:Ganay
4130:Duval
4118:Demon
4094:Boomi
3352:Menai
3287:Gymea
3123:(PDF)
3017:(PDF)
2994:S2CID
2947:(PDF)
2914:(PDF)
2895:7 May
2767:7 May
2717:7 May
2576:(PDF)
2529:7 May
2497:9 May
2469:7 May
2426:7 May
2398:7 May
2325:7 May
2282:(PDF)
2235:7 May
2158:(PDF)
2147:(PDF)
1977:CAMBA
1969:JAMBA
1735:weeds
1308:Dingo
1105:Galah
578:Birds
424:CAMBA
402:JAMBA
318:as a
276:is a
4882:Kuma
4226:Yina
3257:Como
3127:ISBN
3092:2019
3058:help
3038:2014
3025:ISBN
2963:2014
2930:2014
2897:2014
2842:2014
2814:2021
2769:2014
2719:2014
2531:2014
2499:2014
2471:2014
2428:2014
2400:2014
2375:2018
2327:2014
2301:2014
2290:ISSN
2265:2014
2237:2014
2194:2012
2130:2018
2102:2014
2004:1999
1919:and
1792:and
1729:and
1681:The
494:atop
272:The
171:Area
52:Ia (
2986:doi
2982:261
2871:doi
2859:".
2678:doi
1727:fox
1348:Cat
1318:Fox
1313:Dog
451:A$
306:at
238:286
5578::
3201:,
3197:,
3083:.
3050::
3048:}}
3044:{{
2992:.
2980:.
2949:.
2916:.
2867:89
2865:.
2830:.
2805:.
2758:.
2707:.
2676:.
2666:29
2664:.
2578:.
2556:^
2521:.
2515:.
2487:.
2461:.
2416:.
2391:.
2366:.
2343:.
2317:.
2253:.
2220:^
2202:^
2178:.
2149:.
2118:.
2093:.
2089:.
2072:^
2060:.
2015:.
1915:,
476:.
365:.
294:,
287:,
56:)
5113:e
5106:t
5099:v
3595:e
3588:t
3581:v
3186:e
3179:t
3172:v
3135:.
3094:.
3060:)
3040:.
3000:.
2988::
2965:.
2932:.
2899:.
2877:.
2873::
2844:.
2816:.
2790:.
2771:.
2721:.
2684:.
2680::
2672::
2586:.
2533:.
2473:.
2430:.
2402:.
2377:.
2329:.
2303:.
2239:.
2210:"
2196:.
2132:.
2104:.
1817:.
1573:/
165:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.