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177:, King of Scotland is recorded in 1206 as curing a case of scrofula by his touching and blessing a child who had the ailment. Charles I touched around 100 people shortly after his coronation at Holyrood in 1633. Rarely fatal, the disease was naturally given to spontaneously cure itself after lengthy periods of remission. Many miraculous cures were recorded, and failures were put down to a lack of faith in the sufferer. The original
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135:. The amulet was placed in water, which was then drunk to provide the cure. No money was ever taken for its use. In 1629 Isobel Young, burned as a witch later that same year, sought to borrow the stone to cure cattle. The family of Lockart of Lee would not lend the stone in its silver setting; however, they gave flagons of water in which the coin had been steeped.
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723:, a species traditionally linked with fertility, as in "May Blossom." The trunk and branches are covered with hundreds of coins which have been driven through the bark and into the wood. The local tradition is that a wish will be granted for each of the coins so treated. Many pubs, such as the "Punch Bowl" in
891:
The bent coin as a love token may be derived from the well-recorded practice of bending a coin when making a vow to a saint, such as vowing to give it to the saint's shrine if the saint would intercede to cure a sick human, animal, etc. Bending a coin when one person made a vow to another was another
730:
In some countries, finding a coin on the ground, then keeping it is considered to provide the finder with good luck for the rest of the day, a belief reflected in the adage "Find a penny, pick it up, all day long you'll have good luck'. Variants of this superstition include good luck only being given
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root it will double in quantity overnight. She also stated that the way to ensure the future wealth of a baby is to put part of the child's umbilical cord in a bag together with a few coins. Lucky coins are lucky charms which are carried around attract wealth and good luck, whilst many, often silver
904:
fortune-teller, thus dispelling any evil. In Japan, Korea and
Indonesia, coins were made tied together to form sword shapes which were thought to terrify, and therefore ward off, evil spirits. They were also hung above the beds of sick people to drive off the malevolent spirits who were responsible
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any silver coins on one's person should be jingled or turned over to prevent bad luck, also the silver coins would increase as the moon grew in size. A wish to a new moon could also be made, but not as seen through glass, jingling coins at the same time. American silver "Mercury" dimes, especially
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Holy
Sacrament communion coins were thought to acquire curative powers over various ailments, especially rheumatism and epilepsy. Such otherwise normal coins, which had been offered at communion, were purchased from the priest for 12 or 13 pennies. The coin was then punched through and worn around
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In many countries it was believed that coins with holes in them would bring good luck. This belief could link to a similar superstition linked to stones or pebbles which had holes, often called "Adder Stones" and hung around the neck. Carrying a coin bearing the date of one's birth is purportedly
754:
is the throwing of coins from the nearby bridge onto a boulder that lies just below the water level of the river. Getting the coin to land on the rock gives the thrower "good luck." Obvious connections exist with water generally and the practice of throwing in coins to seek favours of the water
711:
religion has a shrine called
Zeniariai-Benten where followers wash their money in the spring water at certain times of year to ensure that it doubles in quantity. In Roman times, sailors placed coins under the masts of their ships to ensure the protection of the gods from the wrath of the sea.
350:
The cure was usually more of a "laying on of hands" by the monarch and the Angel coin or medalet, etc., although touched by the monarch, was seen as a receipt or talisman of the potential of the monarch's healing power. Originally the king had paid for the support of the sufferer until he had
786:, is a sixpence, supposed by the credulous to be received from the devil, as a pledge of an engagement to be his, soul and body. It is always of a black colour, as not being legal currency; but it is said to possess this singular virtue, that the person who keeps it constantly in his pocket,
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is etched with a knife across the cake, to bless the house and bring good luck for the new year. A piece is sliced for each member of the family and any visitors present at the time, and the person who gets the slice with the coin will receive good luck, and often a gift.
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to bring good luck and wealth. A variation on this custom was that in some families each member added a coin to the pudding bowl, making a wish as they did so. If their coin turned up in their bowl it's said their wish was sure to come true. In Greece, a coin is added to
58:
What most touch pieces have in common is that they have to be touched or in close physical contact for the 'power' concerned to be obtained and/or transferred. Once this is achieved, the power is assumed to be permanently present in the coin, which effectively becomes an
17:
961:. In the 17th century coins bearing an engraving of St. George were carried by soldiers as a protection against injury following a lucky escape when a bullet hit such a coin and the soldier remained uninjured (Coins of the World). Some of the gold coins of
913:
In 2007 a lead "coin-based" curse on a Roman emperor was found by a metal detector user in
Lincolnshire. The 1,650-year-old curse was an act of treason, blasphemy and criminal defacement of the imperial coinage. The perpetrator had cursed the emperor
658:"good luck" coins were in common circulation. "Votive pieces", for example, were struck by new emperors, promising peace for a set number of years. Citizens would hold such coins in their hand when making a wish or petitioning the gods.
420:
John Wain in his biography of Dr. Samuel
Johnson writes that Johnson was taken by his mother as a small child to London, where after standing in a long line with many others, he was in turn subject to this ritual from Queen Anne.
808:. Both the Canadian men's and women's hockey teams went on to win gold medals. Canadians have gone on to hide coins in rinks in several subsequent international competitions, and in the foundations of the buildings for the
839:, rays of sunshine and a flock of birds. These were seen as symbolising Japan (the rising sun) and its fighter planes (the birds) invading China. The coin was re-issued in 1933 without the sun or the birds.
114:, and various animal ailments. The coin was exempted from the Church of Scotland's prohibition on charms and was lent to the citizens of Newcastle during the reign of King Charles I to protect them from the
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only touched the medalet as he unsurprisingly disliked touching diseased people directly. He "touched" 92,107 people in the 21 years from 1661 to 1682, performing the function 8,500 times in 1682 alone.
590:, people commonly mistake it for Mercury. A silver dime worn at the throat will supposedly turn black if someone tries to poison the wearer's food or drink. American "Indian Head" cents are worn as
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on 18 June 1633. The size of the hole may indicate the amount of gold taken in payment by the jeweller or the mint for the work of piercing or punching and the provision of a ribbon or silk string.
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by hammering a coin with his image into lead, then folding the lead over his face. Thousands of ordinary lead cursing charms exist with written inscriptions and a small hole for suspending them.
247:
is reported as often touching and healing as many as 1,500 individuals at a time. No record survives of the first four Norman kings' attempting to cure by touching; however, there are records of
393:
After these coins ceased to be minted in 1634, Charles II had holed gold medalets specially produced by the mint with a similar design of good defeating evil. An example of a medalet in the
335:". Charles I indeed issued Angels almost exclusively as touch pieces to the point where intact specimens are hard to come by. He was the first monarch to perform the ceremony in Scotland at
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in 1712 to no effect, for although he eventually recovered, he was left badly scarred and blind in one eye. He wore the medal around his neck all of his life and it is now preserved in the
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a bride places a silver coin from her father in one shoe and a gold coin from her mother in the other. This will ensure that she will never want for anything. Silver coins were placed in
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often require silver coins to be used, which are engraved with marks such as an "X" or are bent. These actions personalize the coin, making it uniquely special for the owner. The lucky "
106:, still held by the family, has a triangular stone of a dark red colour set into it. The coin is kept in a gold box given by Queen Victoria to General Lockhart. It can supposedly cure
651:
being a word for causal connection or relationship, and "go" being a respectful prefix. Therefore, they are often used at shrines as well as the first money put into a new wallet.
94:
Many touch piece coins were treasured by the recipients and sometimes remained in the possession of families for many generations, as in the case of the "Lee Penny" obtained by
542:
coins, attached to bracelets multiply the effect as well as create a noise which scares away evil spirits. Bathing with a penny wrapped in a washcloth brings good fortune at
926:
Coins placed on the eyes of the dead, if briefly dropped into the drink of a husband or wife, would "blind" them to any infidelities that the partner might be involved in.
424:
Unsurprisingly the system was open to abuse and numerous attempts were made to ensure that only the deserving cases got the gold coin, because others would simply sell it.
407:
and there saw the King heale, the first time that ever I saw him do it — which he did with great gravity; and it seemed to me to be an ugly office and a simple one."
397:
has a hand descending from a cloud towards four heads, with "He touched them" around the margin, and on the other side a rose and thistle, with "And they were healed."
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recovered or died. The move to the gift of a gold coin touch piece may represent the compromise payment when the custom of "room and board" support by the king ceased.
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187:
contained this ceremony. The divine power of kings was believed to be descended from Edward the
Confessor, who, according to some legends, received it from
1751:
83:
and distributed amongst the poor in the belief that they would reduce disease and sickness. The tradition of touch pieces goes back to the time of
Ancient
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engraved on it will put out a fire if thrown into the conflagration. Coins were placed on the eyes of a corpse to prevent them from opening and also in
286:. It was believed that if the touch piece was not worn then the condition would return. Queen Anne last performed the ceremony on 14 April 1714.
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carry the cryptic legend: IHS MEDIVM ILLORVM IBAT ("But Jesus passing through the midst of them, went his way" – St'Luke IV. 30). According to
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It was believed that the gift of second sight came from the devil; as protection, a silver coin was used to make a cross above the palm of a
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to the finder if the coin is found face up, or bad luck being given to the finder if the coin is picked up when it was lying face down.
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produced special touch-piece medalets, with a variety of designs and inscriptions. They are found in gold, silver and even lead.
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and it was thought that they would effect a cure. Medallions or medalets showing the "Devil defeated" were specially minted in
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1788:
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779:, Scotland, it was the tradition to throw coins into the waters to ensure that the waters kept their healing properties.
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199:
1297:
Werrett, Simon (2000). "Healing the Nation's Wounds: Royal Ritual and
Experimental Philosophy in Restoration England".
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2014:
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554:. Chinese "Money Frogs" or "Money Toads", often with a coin in their mouths, bring food, luck and prosperity.
1118:"Broadside account concerning trials and executions for 'Witchcraft, Adultery, Fornication, &c. &c.'"
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put an end to the practice as being "too
Catholic", but the kings of France continued the custom until 1825.
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Finding money was bad luck in some cultures and the curse could only be removed by giving away the money.
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Also, some groups say that if a penny is thrown into a person's drink, they must "down" the rest of it.
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378:, was also associated with the casting out of devils and thus was regarded as a guardian of the sick.
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the legend was that if anyone did not leave an offering of money then they would be followed home by
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god who ruled the crossroads, games of chance, etc. Although these dimes actually figure the head of
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It is considered bad luck to have an empty pocket, for even a "crooked coin" keeps the devil away.
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Illustration of a mandrake, believed to have magical properties, from the 15th century manuscript
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coins, which were first struck in
Britain in 1465 and later dates, particularly of the reigns of
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1708:
1566:
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727:, near Penrith in Cumbria have old beams with splits in them where coins are forced "for luck."
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any coin found during a rainstorm is especially lucky, because it is said to have dropped from
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in the 18th and early 19th centuries was thought to be a relief, but not a cure for scrofula.
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370:). St. Michael, especially venerated for his role as captain of the heavenly host that drove
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In an example of a modern lucky coin custom, a Canadian sports official secretly embedded a
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The Angel coin was favoured at these ceremonies because it has on the obverse an image of
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in the shape of flying moths, embodying the spirits of the dead. At Loch na Gaire in
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superstition is that carrying crooked coins is good luck and keeps the devil away.
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1974:
230:, the brother of Charles, performed the ceremony until his death in 1807. All the
157:, and sovereigns of England and France practised this power to cure sufferers of
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2019:
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1489:
The Teach Yourself Guide to Numismatics: An A.B.C. of coins and coin collecting.
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1694:
Devonshire Customs, Characteristics and Folk-lore. Pub. Thomas Burleigh. p. 52.
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Devonshire Customs, Characteristics and Folk-lore. Pub. Thomas Burleigh. p. 51.
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Lobel, Richard; Davidson, Mark; Hailstone, Allan and Calligas, Eleni (1999).
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In Germany, since Medieval times, it was believed that a silver coin with a
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55:, influence people's behaviour, carry out a specific practical action, etc.
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Coins bearing religious symbols are often seen as lucky; for instance, the
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218:, the "Young Pretender", is known to have carried out the rite in 1745 at
2295:
2259:
2079:
1964:
1954:
1902:
1815:
1420:
Coincraft's 1999 Standard catalogue of English and UK Coins 1066 to Date.
884:
768:
760:
704:
158:
91:(69–79 AD) gave coins to the sick at a ceremony known as "the touching".
1780:
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In Ireland it is thought to be bad luck to give money away on a Monday.
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2116:
2099:
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as payment for the ferryman who would carry the dead person across the
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670:
587:
543:
511:
462: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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refused to believe in the tradition and did not practice the ceremony.
48:
323:, are often found officially pierced in the centre, as illustrated in
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1892:
1836:
1811:
1578:
Griffith, M.J.S. (1970). Oral communication to Griffith, Roger S. Ll.
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how much soever he spend, will always find another sixpence beside it
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Persons of royal blood were thought to have the "God-given" power of
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bore an image of Christ and were issued to be worn as pendants by
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363:
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28:
118:. A sum of between £1,000 and £6,000 was pledged for its return.
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1969:
862:(defender of the faith), and was regarded as bringing bad luck.
719:" exists near Ardmaddy House in Argyll, Scotland. The tree is a
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680:
655:
84:
52:
40:
1784:
278:
Queen Anne, amongst many others, touched the 2-year-old infant
1502:
The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland.
1347:(ed.), trans. John Sharpe. London: George Bell and Sons, 1904.
431:
403:
recorded in his diary for 13 April 1661: "To Whitehall to the
574:
date, are especially lucky. Gamblers' charms are often these
631:
the five-yen coin is considered lucky because "five yen" in
161:, meaning "Swine Evil", as it was common in pigs, a form of
820:" commemorative coin for each Winter Olympics since 2002.
1775:
243:
was the first to practise the ritual in the 11th century.
1587:
Rodger, Donald, Stokes, John & Ogilve, James (2006).
537:
Gonzalez-Wippler records that if money is left with a
331:
used the ceremony to help bolster the belief in the "
165:
of the bones and lymph nodes, commonly known as the "
1637:
Fentynyow Kernow. In Search of Cornwall's Holy Wells
804:(CAD $ 1 coin) in the ice of the hockey rink at the
75:
could be rubbed on parts of the body suffering from
2278:
2237:
1822:
1070:The Lore of Scotland. A guide to Scottish Legends.
534:the neck of the sick person, or made into a ring.
327:to be used as touch pieces. The sovereigns of the
169:" or "Morbus Regius". In France it was called the
1376:McKay, James and Mussell, John W. (eds.) (2001).
1068:Westwood, Jennifer and Kingshill, Sophia (2009).
969:, this was a spell against the power of thieves.
1512:
1510:
1755:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 6.
1465:The Illustrated Pepys. Extracts from the Diary.
1225:
1223:
417:on the dates of 6 July 1660 and 28 March 1684.
381:The monarch him/herself hung these touch piece
1853:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1483:
1481:
933:Coins carrying out a specific practical action
385:around the necks of sufferers. In later years
2114:
1834:
1796:
1152:
1150:
1144:. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers. pp. 233–234.
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
366:represented as a dragon (actually a heraldic
226:and also in France after his exile. Finally,
214:, the Old Pretender, performed the ceremony.
8:
1035:
1033:
1031:
746:The bridge over the Lowther Water at Askham.
255:performed the ceremony and her half-sister,
102:whilst on a crusade. This coin, an Edward I
1215:History of The Abbey and Palace of Holyrood
1057:Strath-Clutha or the Beauties of the Clyde.
1016:The Dictionary of Omens & Superstitions
695:issued in the name of the mid-18th century
1803:
1789:
1781:
1535:The Complete Book of Amulets and Talismans
1181:A Handbook of Coins of the British Isles.
1175:
1173:
594:to ward off evil or negative spirits. In
478:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:during the time of his rebellion against
1438:
1436:
1357:Coins of England and the United Kingdom.
1010:
1008:
936:
263:published a book on the subject, titled
15:
1491:English Universities Press. pp. 4, 166.
1004:
850:but omitted the customary inscriptions
561:1936 Winged Liberty Head (Mercury) dime
1217:. Edinburgh: Duncan Anderson. p. 117.
922:Touch pieces that influence behaviour
139:Healing of the King's or Queen's Evil
7:
767:. At St. Cuby's Well (SX224 564) in
460:adding citations to reliable sources
202:'s reign, although her predecessor,
1265:, December 2003. Token Publishing.
411:also refers to the ceremony in his
194:The custom lasted from the time of
1159:, January 1999. Token Publishing.
880:An English love token made from a
687:, his brother and the monkey god,
259:, cured all "ranks and degrees".
14:
1533:Gonzalez-Wippler, Migene (2001).
1341:Chronicle of the Kings of England
1204:. London: J. Murray. pp. 300–301.
856:(by the grace of god) as well as
296:Chronicle of the Kings of England
1660:Pub. Parragon, Avonmouth. p. 66
1099:, April 2005. Token Publishing.
892:practice which arose from this.
611:, a bread baked in honor of the
436:
1339:William of Malmesbury, (1815).
669:'s rupees carry words from the
565:A Celtic belief is that at the
447:needs additional citations for
265:Charisma; sive Donum Sanationis
155:healing this condition by touch
138:
1854:
1658:Scotland. Myths & Legends.
1232:, May 2005. Token Publishing.
294:describes the ceremony in his
274:Holyrood Palace and Abbey 2006
71:Coins which had been given at
1:
1463:Latham, Robert (ed.) (1985).
1359:(2001). 36th Edition. Spink.
1200:Dalrymple, Sir David (1776).
526:" is a well-known example in
2402:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
1444:The Story of British Coinage
1122:National Library of Scotland
2387:James Francis Edward Stuart
1591:. The Tree Council. p. 87.
1487:Chamberlain, C. C. (1963).
1397:Sutherland, C.H.V. (1982).
1213:Daniel, William S. (1852),
1179:Bradley, Howard W. (1978).
1142:Domestic Annals of Scotland
1055:Leighton, John M. (1840?).
212:James Francis Edward Stuart
2418:
1639:. Pub. Meyn Mamvro. p. 25
1589:Heritage Trees of Scotland
1537:. Llewellyn Publications.
1319:10.1177/007327530003800402
302:describes the practice in
2115:
1835:
1635:Straffon, Cherly (1998).
1140:Chambers, Robert (1885).
1014:Waring, Philippa (1987).
835:coin from China showed a
763:, Scotland, is a typical
67:Cure of diseases by coins
1771:Dr Johnson's Touch piece
1399:English Coinage 600–1900
1284:"medal | British Museum"
1249:Ross, Josephine (1979).
750:Another local custom at
673:faith, and in India the
2129:Pictish painted pebbles
1752:Encyclopædia Britannica
1703:Coin News. Pub. Token.
1569:. July 2002. pp. 43–45.
1561:Coin News. Pub. Token.
1516:Coin News. Pub. Token.
1253:London: Arctus. p. 118.
896:Protection against evil
738:Common Hawthorn flowers
1690:Hewett, Sarah (1900).
1677:Hewett, Sarah (1900).
1504:Penguin Books. p. 395.
1378:The Coin Yearbook 2001
1072:London: Random House.
942:
888:
782:A "Black Saxpence" in
747:
739:
562:
506:
347:
275:
167:King's or Queen's Evil
150:
32:
2397:Henry Benedict Stuart
2392:Charles Edward Stuart
1692:Nummits and Crummits.
1679:Nummits and Crummits.
1656:Beare, Beryl (1996),
1500:Roud, Steven (2003).
1442:Seaby, Peter (1985).
940:
879:
745:
737:
715:A rare example of a "
560:
498:
345:
333:Divine Right of Kings
325:Coins of England 2001
292:William of Malmesbury
273:
228:Henry Benedict Stuart
216:Charles Edward Stuart
180:Book of Common Prayer
146:
19:
2367:Magic (supernatural)
1767:at Electric Scotland
1746:"Angel (coin)"
1610:"Penny Superstition"
1380:. Token Publishing.
810:2010 Winter Olympics
806:2002 Winter Olympics
679:shows the Hindu god
456:improve this article
196:Edward the Confessor
2382:James II of England
1711:. July 1998. p. 29.
1524:. July 2005. p. 40.
1311:2000HisSc..38..377W
967:Sir John Mandeville
887:from the late 1600s
814:Royal Canadian Mint
617:St. Basil the Great
249:Henry II of England
241:Robert II of France
87:, when the Emperor
2311:Magic and religion
1761:Laying on of Hands
1722:"Roman Curse Coin"
1467:Bell & Hyman.
1299:History of Science
1202:Annals of Scotland
1040:Coins of the World
1018:. Treasure Press.
943:
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600:Christmas puddings
563:
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502:Tacuinum Sanitatis
348:
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245:Henry IV of France
151:
127:Sir Walter Scott's
121:The legend of the
96:Sir Simon Lockhart
33:
27:doing battle with
2344:
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1078:978-1-905211-62-3
905:for the illness.
846:featured a young
621:sign of the cross
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253:Mary I of England
47:believed to cure
25:Archangel Michael
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2326:Religious fetish
2321:Numismatic charm
2286:Apotropaic magic
2279:Related articles
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1777:The Lucky Coin
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842:The "Godless"
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824:Bad luck coins
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604:birthday cakes
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428:Luck and coins
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395:British Museum
284:British Museum
280:Samuel Johnson
261:William Tooker
189:Saint Remigius
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468:February 2021
461:
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445:This section
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405:Banquet House
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51:, bring good
50:
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26:
22:
18:
2291:Curse tablet
2229:Yantra cloth
2224:Witch bottle
2198:
2189:Thunderstone
2164:Sator Square
2085:Medicine bag
2055:Kagome crest
1950:Dreamcatcher
1935:Dacian Draco
1912:
1898:Celtic cross
1849:Axe of Perun
1750:
1725:. Retrieved
1716:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1657:
1652:
1636:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1588:
1583:
1574:
1534:
1529:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1464:
1459:
1443:
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1414:
1401:. Batsford.
1398:
1393:
1377:
1372:
1356:
1352:
1340:
1335:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1278:
1273:. pp. 50–51.
1262:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1240:. pp. 36–38.
1229:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1180:
1167:. pp. 34–35.
1156:
1141:
1136:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1107:. pp. 29–32.
1096:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1039:
1015:
994:Samuel Pepys
979:Angel (coin)
947:Sator square
944:
928:
925:
912:
899:
890:
867:
864:
857:
851:
841:
830:
827:
818:lucky loonie
799:
792:
787:
781:
765:wishing well
749:
729:
714:
699:Loredano of
683:, his wife,
674:
660:
653:
648:
644:
636:
626:
564:
536:
532:
510:"lucky". In
508:
500:
474:
465:
454:Please help
449:verification
446:
423:
419:
412:
401:Samuel Pepys
399:
392:
380:
362:slaying the
357:
349:
324:
310:
303:
295:
277:
264:
239:
193:
178:
170:
163:tuberculosis
152:
132:The Talisman
130:
120:
93:
70:
57:
36:
34:
2265:Uncial 0152
2214:Voodoo doll
2209:Troll cross
2199:Touch piece
2070:Koan kroach
2065:Kanai Anzen
2060:Kagura suzu
2035:I'noGo tied
2020:Horse brass
1830:Abracadabra
1422:Coincraft.
1345:J. A. Giles
1251:The Tudors.
1044:De Agostini
909:Curse coins
872:Love tokens
757:Lady's Well
654:In ancient
518:. European
409:John Evelyn
360:St. Michael
300:Shakespeare
298:(1120) and
257:Elizabeth I
204:William III
112:haemorrhage
37:touch piece
2351:Categories
2316:Numerology
2270:Wolfsangel
2219:Witch ball
2204:Triskelion
2144:Red string
2124:Palad khik
1985:Gorgoneion
1920:Corn dolly
1908:Cornicello
1888:Bullroarer
1856:Azusa Yumi
1727:2009-11-12
1621:2 February
1127:2018-02-25
1000:References
963:Edward III
955:River Styx
853:Dei Gratia
777:Sutherland
609:vasilopita
582:being the
387:Charles II
346:Charles II
251:doing so.
171:Mal De Roi
148:Queen Anne
77:rheumatism
21:Henry VIII
2372:Talismans
2301:Feng shui
2250:Navaratna
2238:Talismans
2050:Kabura-ya
2030:Hoko doll
2025:Horseshoe
2005:Hama yumi
1990:Gris-gris
1975:God's eye
1960:Elf-arrow
1914:Crepundia
1816:talismans
1709:0958-1391
1567:0958-1391
1522:0958-1391
1446:. Seaby.
1430:. p. 153.
1409:. P. 164.
1388:. p. 112.
1327:161821600
1271:0958-1391
1263:Coin News
1238:0958-1391
1230:Coin News
1191:. p. 165.
1165:0958-1391
1157:Coin News
1105:0958-1391
1097:Coin News
717:Wish Tree
676:Ramatanka
641:homophone
613:feast day
572:leap year
567:full moon
321:Charles I
311:The gold
224:George II
123:Lee Penny
100:Holy Land
98:from the
89:Vespasian
2296:Evil eye
2260:Swastika
2080:Mandrake
1965:Fascinus
1955:Dzi bead
1903:Cimaruta
1475:. p. 30.
973:See also
885:shilling
882:James II
795:Devonian
769:Cornwall
761:Kilmaurs
721:hawthorn
705:pilgrims
665:emperor
633:Japanese
539:mandrake
524:sixpence
288:George I
232:Jacobite
208:James II
159:scrofula
2377:Amulets
2184:Thokcha
2117:Omamori
2100:Mugwort
2090:Mjölnir
2000:Hama ya
1823:Amulets
1812:Amulets
1454:p. 119.
1307:Bibcode
1046:(2000).
773:Piskies
691:. Gold
689:Hanuman
671:Islamic
592:amulets
588:Liberty
580:Mercury
570:with a
546:or the
544:Beltane
512:Austria
383:amulets
374:out of
317:James I
305:Macbeth
235:Stuarts
183:of the
81:Britain
49:disease
2179:Takrut
2174:Ta'wiz
2154:Sachet
2134:Poppet
1945:Dōtaku
1893:Carnyx
1863:Bonshō
1837:Agimat
1707:
1664:
1643:
1595:
1565:
1541:
1520:
1471:
1450:
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844:florin
802:loonie
752:Askham
725:Askham
709:Shinto
707:. The
701:Venice
693:ducats
647:(御縁),
520:charms
516:Heaven
376:Heaven
368:Wyvern
353:Coffee
198:until
129:novel
116:plague
108:rabies
61:amulet
2357:Coins
2336:Torma
2245:Lamen
2159:Sampy
2110:Ofuda
2105:Nazar
2010:Hamsa
1940:Djucu
1883:Bulla
1877:Besom
1873:Broom
1323:S2CID
959:Hades
957:into
902:Gypsy
784:Scots
667:Akbar
663:Mogul
645:go-en
643:with
637:go en
629:Japan
596:Spain
584:Roman
576:dimes
414:Diary
372:Satan
364:Devil
313:Angel
104:groat
45:medal
39:is a
29:Satan
2362:Luck
2169:Suzu
2095:Mojo
2045:Juju
1970:Fulu
1814:and
1705:ISSN
1662:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1623:2019
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685:Sita
681:Rama
656:Rome
602:and
319:and
210:and
200:Anne
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