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Georgians had a fair chance to acquire title to them by legal state action. (Clarke had welcomed settlers to join the enterprise, intending to take control of the land from the Creek before the state and federal government could react. He had forbidden issuing large tracts of the land in the new republic to speculators or other investors who would not settle there.) In any case, Walton's charges changed public opinion to a degree that allowed the
Governor to muster a sufficient force of militia to march against Clarke.
307:, to remove the illegal settlers from the Creek lands. Mathews initially ignored the "unauthorized military expedition," because he shared the state's resentment of the treaty and was well aware of Clarke's popularity as a hero of the Revolution. He took only token measures to stop Clarke and his party, such as issuing a proclamation in July 1794 that went unenforced. It is unlikely that Mathews had enough public support to move against Clarke at that juncture, but the tide of public opinion eventually changed.
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attached to the bill provided for the sale of 40 million acres (160,000 km) of western land to four private land speculation firms: the
Georgia Company, the Georgia-Mississippi Company, the Upper Mississippi Company, and the new Tennessee Company, persuaded the Georgia state assembly to sell more than 40,000,000 acres (160,000 km). As many of the firms' members included many political insiders, the whole enterprise was scandalous and came to be known as the
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acting in conjunction with federal troops stationed on the Oconee, surrounded and isolated
General Clarke's fortifications. After some negotiation, Clarke agreed to surrender, provided that he and his men would not face prosecution for their actions. Clarke and his followers departed, and the militia
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counties of
Georgia. The settlers built several towns and forts over the next few months. They also wrote and ratified their own constitution, indicating the permanent intention of their endeavor. With little overt opposition from the Creek, they were taking control of the lands before the state or
342:
In late 1794, the
Georgia General Assembly passed a bill allowing a portion of the lands west of the Oconee River, the same land which Clarke's followers had recently occupied, to be distributed among veterans of the Revolution and various Indian conflicts. A supplementary act (the Yazoo Act)
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grand jury in which he condemned the actions of Clarke and his followers, and explained that they constituted a threat to the state and federal powers. He said Clarke and his followers were attempting to steal the western lands, "the richest jewel the state of
Georgia possesses," before other
266:. Georgia had not been consulted on the original treaty —which included giving titled lands back to the Creek. Many European American settlers in Georgia resented the treaty because they saw it as limiting the possibilities for the future expansion of their state.
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When the invasion failed to develop, General Clarke and several hundred of his followers moved instead to establish an independent state west of the Oconee River —on hunting grounds reserved by the federal
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The United States government viewed Clarke's actions as a violation of the Treaty of New York, which provided recognition of Creek lands in an effort to maintain peace and guarantee their neutrality. President
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Clarke's establishment of the illegal settlements coincided with increasing interest in the state in the disposition of
Georgia's western land claims, which at that time stretched as far as the
339:. From 1785 on, speculators from other states had lobbied hard to encourage the sale of lands and extinguish Creek and other Indian land claims, despite their guarantee by federal treaty.
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The King's Ranger: Thomas Brown and the
American Revolution on the Southern Frontier
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401:, Newark, University of Delaware Press, 1986, pp. 64-68, accessed 19 Nov 2010
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449:"Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic"
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Politics on the
Periphery: Factions and Parties in Georgia, 1783-1806
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Edwin Bridges, "To Establish a Separate and Independent Government,"
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Politics on the Periphery: Factions and Parties in Georgia, 1783-1806
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The first way of war American war making on the frontier, 1607-1814
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In February 1794, General Elijah Clarke, a popular veteran of the
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Hero of Hornet's Nest: A Biography of Elijah Clark, 1733 to 1799
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In September, 1,200 Georgia militiamen, led by General
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burned down the new settlements and fortifications.
368:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 191.
222:in May 1794, it was an attempt to head off the new
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226:'s ceding of lands claimed by Georgia back to the
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242:, resigned his current commission in the Georgia
210:was a short-lived, independent state west of the
1029:States and territories disestablished in 1794
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526:Christopher J. Floyd, "Trans-Oconee Republic"
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508:, Newark, University of Delaware Press, 1986
422:Floyd, Christopher J. (September 25, 2014).
246:in order to lead an expedition against the
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447:Kokomoor, Kevin (November 2015).
290:federal governments could react.
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726:Provisional Government of Mexico
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708:First Republic of Texas
495:Louise Frederick Hays,
424:"Trans-Oconee Republic"
364:Grenier, John (2005).
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310:In late August, Judge
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41:Common languages
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324:Jared Irwin
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351:References
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52:Government
47:(de facto)
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60:General
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331:Legacy
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