293:—boundaries, once separating people (providing for a measure of isolation) become the issue of a conflict when societies encroach upon one another territorially. If a means to co-exist cannot be immediately found, then conflicts can be hostile, leading to a process by which contact between individuals leads to some resolution. Often, history shows us, the processes of co-existence begins with hostilities, and with the natural passing of polarist individuals, comes the passing of their polarist sentiments, and soon some resolution is achieved. Degrees of hostile conflict vary from outright genocidal conquest, to lukewarm infighting between differing political views within the same ethnic community.
258:
the other(s)." Transculturation is often the result of colonial conquest and subjugation. In a postcolonial era, the effects of this oppression remain, as native peoples struggle to regain their own sense of identity. On the other hand, new musical genres have often emerged as a result of transculturation. In reference to Cuba in particular, there exists a mixture between
European and African musics as "African slaves left a major imprint on Cuban society, especially in the area of Cuban popular music."
2085:
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412:, which often overlaps with religion. With the adherence to each distinct component within ones own culture, comes the repulsion of the other. In most regions, ethnic divides are binary, meaning only two distinct cultures are present, each seeing the other as foreign. Many, however make the point that the binary example is the exception, and the norm is far more dynamic.
327:, given the multiple layers of abstraction that permeate everyday experiences. Elizabeth Kath argues that in the global era we can no longer consider transculturation only in relation to the face-to-face, but that we need to take into account the many layers of abstracted interactions that are interwoven through face-to-face encounters, a phenomenon that she describes as
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Often it's in a secular, multi-ethnic environment that cultural concerns are both minimised and exacerbated; Ethnic prides are boasted, hierarchy is created ("center" culture versus "periphery") but on the other hand, they will still share a common "culture", and common language and behaviours. Often
359:
Within each smaller ethnicity, individuals may tend to see it perfectly justified to assimilate with other cultures, and some others view assimilation as wrong and incorrect for their culture. This common theme, representing dualist opinions of ethnoconvergence itself, within a single ethnic group is
426:
In many societies, such as in those in Europe, languages are considered a significant component of ethnic values. This does not mean that most
Europeans reject learning other languages. Quite the contrary, Europeans are often polyglots, and may label other individuals by their ethnicities; practical
257:
has historically shaped this process. Particularly, Ortiz referred to the devastating effects of
Spanish colonialism on Cuba's indigenous peoples as a "failed transculturation". Further, he affirmed "that when cultures encounter each other, each of the parties invariably exerts a strong influence on
245:
in 1940 to describe the phenomenon of merging and converging cultures. Transculturation encompasses more than transition from one culture to another; it does not consist merely of acquiring another culture (acculturation) or of losing or uprooting a previous culture (deculturation). Rather, it
430:
However, the political and cultural significance of regional or national languages are retained because these polyglots conform to the linguistic norms of the place they visit—doing "as the Romans do". Thus, conforming to the "ethnic integrity" of the region.
453:
as their "own people" and non-Turkic groups as "foreigners", despite these indigenous groups having a similar level of material culture, and sharing much of a primitive culture with tribes foreign to the Muslim-Buddhist Tatar-Mongols.
312:) can be overcome within a single generation—as is evident in the easy acclimation of children of foreign parents. English, for example, is spoken by more non-Anglo-American people than by Anglo-Americans. It has become the current
422:
societies, religion is everything—social, utilitarian, intellectual, political—from the point of view of people of immersed cultures; the very concept of ethnicity and its distinctions is incongruous to their immersed concepts.
404:, which is the view that one's culture is of greater importance than another's. Ethnocentrism often takes different forms, as it is a highly personal bias, and manifests itself in countless aspects of culture.
288:
The general processes of transculturation are extremely complex—steered by powerful forces at the macrosocial level, yet ultimately resolved at the interpersonal level. The driving force for conflict is simple
343:
It has been observed that even in monolingual, industrial societies like urban North
America, some individuals do cling to a "modernized" primordial identity, apart from others. Some intellectuals, such as
1706:
285:, and any other of a number of contexts that deal with more than one culture. In the other general sense, transculturation is one aspect of global phenomena and human events.
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the elderly, more conservative-in-association of a clan, tend to reject cross-cultural associations, and participate in ethnically similar community-oriented activities.
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It has even become a cliché that "to learn a new language is to adopt a new soul". There are many other examples of the essential significance of language. In pre-
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identities. This can become evident in social situations, where people divide into separate groups, despite being of an identical "super-ethnicity", such as
418:
Religion, on the other hand, is a highly personal and attached part of culture. However, religion does not neatly correspond with ethnic identity. In many
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Where transculturation affects ethnicity and ethnic issues, the term "ethnoconvergence" is sometimes used. In a general sense, transculturation covers
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712:
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751:. Trans. Harriet de Onís. (Original Spanish edition published in 1940. Original translation by Onìs published in 1947, New York: Knopf.)
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Ethnicity can be divided into two distinct areas, as they relate to ethnoconvergence: Utilitarian traits, and traditional customs.
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Boggs, Vernon W. (24 July 2008). "Musical transculturation: From Afro-Cuban to Afro-Cubanization, Popular Music and
Society".
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331:. Kath draws upon the concept of constitutive abstraction as seen in the work of Australian social theorists Geoff Sharp and
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James, Paul (2014). "Emotional
Ambivalence Across Times and Spaces: Mapping Petrarch's Intersecting Worlds".
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as a way to account for ethnicity and language without being limited by them as a way for viewing the world.
368:, employment preferences, etc. These varied opinions of ethnoconvergence represent themselves in a spectrum;
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merges these concepts and instead carries the idea of the consequent creation of new cultural phenomena (
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that states a
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tend to think of cross-cultural contact as a component of assimilation, and see this as harmful.
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250:) in which the blending of cultures is understood as producing something entirely new.
622:"On Transculturation: Re-enacting and Remaking Latin Dance and Music in Foreign Lands"
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means of distinguishing cultures may resemble tendencies similar to ethnocentrism.
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are commonly used terms for ethnoconvegence which flavor the issues to a bias.
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These changes often represent differences between homeland pons, and their
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Processes of transculturation become more complex within the context of
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has embraced the anthropological approach put forward by thinkers like
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cultural landscape. Returning to classic social science as a solution,
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Narratives of
Globalization: Reflections on the Global Condition.
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Solventando las differencias: La ideología del mestizaje en Cuba
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Transcultural
Writers and Novels in the Age of Global Mobility
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theory as a means to segment and 'make sense' of the changing
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59:
18:
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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408:, or belief, is the prime ethnocentric divider. Second is
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Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community,
725:, Iberoamericana – Frankfurt am Main, Vervuert, Madrid.
83:
775:. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2015.
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Sharp, Geoff (1993) "Extended Forms of the Social",
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Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural And Literary Studies
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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253:Although transculturation is somewhat inevitable,
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16:Phenomenon of merging and converging cultures
8:
462:In October 2011, U.S. communications agency
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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241:is a term coined by Cuban anthropologist
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
449:often recognized indigenous speakers of
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628:Rowman & Littlefield International
339:Homogenization versus ethnoconvergence
740:, Durham, NC: Duke University Press,
736:Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar
571:"Communicating with Transculturation"
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7:
2096:
1697:Role of Christianity in civilization
707:, Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell,
575:Journal de la société des océanistes
400:The obstacle to ethnoconvergence is
146:adding citations to reliable sources
2108:
761:(Rice UP 1995; Texas A&M 2006)
310:hence, communication and education
304:are not great. The primary issue,
14:
320:standard international language.
300:communities abroad. Obstacles to
34:This article has multiple issues.
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569:Hermann, Elfriede (2007-12-01).
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1909:Culture and positive psychology
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678:10.1179/1041257313Z.00000000044
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1348:High- and low-context cultures
360:often manifested in issues of
1:
721:Duno-Gottberg, Luis. (2003).
396:Obstacles to ethnoconvergence
1914:Culture and social cognition
899:Cross-cultural communication
458:Transcultural communications
1996:Intercultural communication
2196:
1439:Cross cultural sensitivity
1106:Resistance through culture
329:layers of transculturation
2079:
2051:Transformation of culture
1484:Cultural environmentalism
914:Cross-cultural psychology
909:Cross-cultural psychiatry
904:Cross-cultural leadership
816:
754:Oxford English Dictionary
608:Popular Music and Society
2011:Living things in culture
2001:Intercultural competence
1904:Culture and menstruation
1403:Trans-cultural diffusion
521:Intercultural competence
470:utilizing transcultural
1822:Cultural homogenization
1052:Individualistic culture
986:Popular culture studies
971:Intercultural relations
703:Allatson, Paul (2007),
620:Kath, Elizabeth (2015)
526:Intercultural relations
1757:Archaeological culture
1504:Cultural globalization
1373:Organizational culture
1221:Cultural communication
1179:Cultural appropriation
966:Intercultural learning
894:Cross-cultural studies
506:Cultural globalization
86:by rewriting it in an
2026:Participatory culture
1817:Cultural evolutionism
1641:Multiracial democracy
1519:Cultural intelligence
1464:Cultural conservatism
1454:Cultural backwardness
1444:Cultural assimilation
1318:Cultural reproduction
1174:Cultural appreciation
1126:Far-right subcultures
1016:Transcultural nursing
981:Philosophy of culture
858:Cultural neuroscience
838:Cultural anthropology
466:launched a new model/
2021:Oppositional culture
1991:Emotions and culture
1899:Cultural sensibility
1889:Cultural translation
1827:Cultural institution
1807:Cultural determinism
1529:Cultural nationalism
1514:Cultural imperialism
1474:Cultural deprivation
1368:Non-material culture
1001:Sociology of culture
996:Semiotics of culture
283:interracial marriage
142:improve this article
1872:Culture speculation
1867:Cultural relativism
1797:Cultural competence
1687:Cultural Christians
1559:Cultural Revolution
1549:Cultural radicalism
1524:Cultural liberalism
1459:Cultural Bolshevism
1434:Consumer capitalism
1388:Relational mobility
1328:Cultural technology
1236:Cultural dissonance
1153:Culture by location
1116:Alternative culture
1032:Constructed culture
1011:Theology of culture
951:Cultural psychology
931:Cultural entomology
650:James, Paul (1996)
624:In Julian Lee (Ed)
382:cultural compromise
2158:Cultural geography
2031:Permission culture
1964:Disability culture
1944:Children's culture
1812:Cultural diversity
1772:Circuit of culture
1554:Cultural retention
1534:Cultural pessimism
1489:Cultural exception
1479:Cultural diplomacy
1469:Cultural contracts
1429:Colonial mentality
1358:Manuscript culture
1333:Cultural universal
1303:Cultural pluralism
1283:Cultural landscape
1278:Cultural invention
1246:Cultural framework
1148:Vernacular culture
946:Cultural mediation
926:Cultural economics
921:Cultural analytics
853:Cultural geography
843:Cultural astronomy
771:Dagnino, Arianna.
559:, pp. 102–103
157:"Transculturation"
88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
2178:Cultural exchange
2148:Cultural concepts
2130:
2129:
1959:Death and culture
1852:Cultural movement
1842:Cultural literacy
1702:Eastern Orthodoxy
1614:Dominator culture
1609:Deculturalization
1509:Cultural hegemony
1499:Cultural genocide
1494:Cultural feminism
1313:Cultural property
1308:Cultural practice
1293:Cultural leveling
1288:Cultural learning
1273:Cultural industry
1268:Cultural identity
1251:Cultural heritage
1241:Cultural emphasis
1226:Cultural conflict
1199:Cultural behavior
1189:Cultural artifact
1101:Primitive culture
1077:Political culture
747:978-0-8223-1616-9
714:978-1-4051-0250-6
511:Cultural hegemony
445:colonists in the
346:Michael Ignatieff
279:cross-culturalism
255:cultural hegemony
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218:
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2173:Interculturalism
2168:Cultural studies
2163:Multiculturalism
2143:1940s neologisms
2111:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2086:
1976:Drinking culture
1929:Culture industry
1877:Cultural tourism
1857:Cultural mulatto
1832:Cultural jet lag
1767:Cannabis culture
1724:Cultural Muslims
1646:Pluriculturalism
1629:Multiculturalism
1619:Interculturalism
1594:Culture minister
1584:Cultural Zionism
1579:Cultural subsidy
1574:Cultural silence
1449:Cultural attaché
1408:Transculturation
1363:Material culture
1353:Interculturality
1209:Cultural capital
1194:Cultural baggage
1131:Youth subculture
1072:Official culture
1037:Dominant culture
976:Internet culture
941:Cultural mapping
936:Cultural history
863:Cultural studies
848:Cultural ecology
822:
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757:Spitta, Silvia.
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577:(125): 257–260.
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451:Turkic languages
316:, the worldwide
302:ethnoconvergence
275:multiculturalism
239:Transculturation
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2066:Western culture
2061:Welfare culture
1986:Eastern culture
1847:Cultural mosaic
1802:Cultural critic
1792:Cultural center
1740:
1714:Cultural Hindus
1660:
1651:Polyculturalism
1624:Monoculturalism
1599:Culture of fear
1569:Cultural safety
1564:Cultural rights
1544:Cultural racism
1539:Cultural policy
1417:
1323:Cultural system
1298:Cultural memory
1231:Cultural cringe
1157:
1089:Popular culture
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956:Cultural values
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766:Further reading
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719:
713:
698:
695:
692:
691:
656:
643:
630:
613:
598:
561:
549:
536:
535:
533:
530:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
501:Cross-cultural
498:
491:
488:
484:Fernando Ortiz
459:
456:
397:
394:
374:homogenization
340:
337:
248:neoculturation
243:Fernando Ortiz
234:
233:
216:
215:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2191:
2190:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:Youth culture
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Urban culture
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Remix culture
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Media culture
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Languaculture
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Culture shock
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:Cultural turn
1892:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
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1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
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1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
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1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Bennett scale
1760:
1758:
1755:
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1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
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1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Protestantism
1690:
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1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
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1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:Biculturalism
1632:
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1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
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1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Technoculture
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Print culture
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Enculturation
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Cultural icon
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Cultural bias
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Cultural area
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Acculturation
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Super culture
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Legal culture
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Sound culture
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
884:
880:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
829:
825:
815:
811:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
784:
781:
774:
770:
769:
765:
760:
756:
753:
749:
743:
738:
737:
731:
727:
724:
720:
716:
710:
706:
701:
700:
696:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
660:
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647:
644:
640:
634:
631:
627:
623:
617:
614:
609:
602:
599:
594:
590:
585:
580:
576:
572:
565:
562:
558:
553:
550:
546:
541:
538:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:Enculturation
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
432:
428:
424:
421:
416:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:ethnocentrism
395:
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
378:acculturation
375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
355:
351:
347:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
325:globalization
321:
319:
315:
314:lingua-franca
311:
307:
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272:
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180:
176:
173:
169:
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162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
96:December 2007
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2119:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2036:Rape culture
1981:Drug culture
1969:Deaf culture
1954:Cyberculture
1924:Culture hero
1837:Cultural lag
1777:Civilization
1677:Christianity
1407:
1383:Protoculture
1067:Microculture
1047:High culture
1042:Folk culture
991:Postcritique
772:
758:
735:
722:
704:
669:
665:
659:
651:
646:
638:
633:
625:
616:
607:
601:
574:
564:
552:
540:
472:sociological
461:
443:Tatar-Mongol
433:
429:
425:
420:cosmopolitan
417:
414:
399:
386:
370:assimilation
358:
342:
328:
322:
317:
309:
301:
295:
287:
260:
252:
238:
237:
222:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2114:WikiProject
2046:Tea culture
1949:Culturalism
1919:Culture gap
1882:Pop-culture
1682:Catholicism
1604:Culture war
1062:Low culture
961:Culturomics
868:Culturology
547:, pp. v, 97
354:nationality
2137:Categories
1111:Subculture
889:Bioculture
697:References
672:: 81–104.
666:Exemplaria
557:Ortiz 1995
545:Ortiz 1995
496:Ángel Rama
390:Xenophobes
333:Paul James
168:newspapers
39:improve it
1939:Culturgen
1707:Mormonism
1665:Religions
1338:Cultureme
1256:Destroyed
882:Subfields
686:191454887
593:0300-953X
298:diasporic
291:proximity
45:talk page
2090:Category
1672:Buddhism
1422:Politics
831:Sciences
732:(1995),
490:See also
476:American
468:strategy
406:Religion
366:marriage
318:de facto
306:language
198:May 2008
2121:Changes
2102:Commons
1745:Related
1736:Sikhism
1731:Judaism
1162:Aspects
824:Outline
810:Culture
480:Bromley
464:Bromley
439:Siberia
436:Russian
182:scholar
82:Please
1121:Fandom
744:
711:
684:
639:Arena,
591:
410:custom
380:, and
350:ethnic
271:racism
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
1719:Islam
1094:Urban
1082:Civic
1025:Types
682:S2CID
532:Notes
447:Taiga
189:JSTOR
175:books
1136:list
742:ISBN
709:ISBN
654:SAGE
589:ISSN
364:and
161:news
674:doi
579:doi
308:, (
263:war
144:by
2139::
680:.
670:26
668:.
587:.
573:.
441:,
376:,
372:,
356:.
335:.
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
265:,
48:.
802:e
795:t
788:v
718:.
688:.
676::
641:1
610:.
595:.
581::
229:)
223:(
211:)
205:(
200:)
196:(
186:·
179:·
172:·
165:·
138:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
90:.
55:)
51:(
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