316:. It displays the corresponding altitude. If aircraft altimeters were not calibrated consistently, then two aircraft could be flying at the same altitude even though their altimeters appeared to show that they are at different altitudes. Flight levels require defining altitudes based on a standard altimeter setting. All aircraft operating at flight levels set 1013 hPa or 29.92 inHg. On the descent when descending through the published transition level, the altimeter is set to the local surface pressure, to display the correct altitude above sea level.
1328:(RVSM) reduces the vertical separation between FL290 and FL410. This allows aircraft to safely fly more optimum routes, save fuel and increase airspace capacity by adding new flight levels. Only aircraft that have been certified to meet RVSM standards, with several exclusions, are allowed to fly in RVSM airspace. It was introduced into the UK in March 2001. On 20 January 2002, it entered European airspace. The United States, Canada and Mexico transitioned to RVSM between FL 290 and FL 410 on 20 January 2005, and Africa on 25 September 2008.
292:
79:
38:
181:
375:(TA) is the altitude above sea level at which aircraft change from the use of local pressure to the use of standard pressure. When operating at or below the TA, aircraft altimeters are usually set to show the altitude above sea level. Above the TA, the aircraft altimeter pressure setting is changed to the standard pressure setting of 1013
1255:
flights in the UK both in and outside of controlled airspace except that such aircraft may be flown at a level other than required by this rule if flying in conformity with instructions given by an air traffic control unit, or if complying with notified en-route holding patterns or holding procedures
347:
While use of a standardised pressure setting facilitates separation of aircraft from each other, it does not provide the aircraft's actual altitude above sea level. Below the
Transition level (which varies worldwide), the altimeter is set to the local altimeter setting, which can be directly compared
583:
According to these definitions the transition layer is 0β500 feet (0β150 m) thick. Aircraft are not normally assigned to fly at the "'transition level'" as this would provide inadequate separation from traffic flying on QNH at the transition altitude. Instead, the lowest usable "'flight level'"
2693:
Council action in pursuance of
Assembly Resolution A22-18 adopted 23 March 1979: to cover all aspects of air and ground operations; provision of standardized system of units based on the SI; identification of non-SI units permitted for use in international civil aviation; provision for termination
1561:
RVSM was implemented in China at 16:00 UTC on 21 November 2007, and in
Mongolia at 00:01 UTC on 17 November 2011. Aircraft flying in feet according to the table below will have differences between the metric readout of the onboard avionics and ATC cleared flight level; however, the differences will
591:
for example, the transition level is determined by adding a buffer of minimum 1,000 ft (300 m) (depending on QNH) to the transition altitude. Therefore, aircraft may be flying at both transition level and transition altitude, and still be vertically separated by at least 1,000 ft
405:(TL) is the lowest flight level above the transition altitude. The table below shows the transition level according to transition altitude and QNH. When descending below the transition level, the pilot starts to refer to altitude of the aircraft by setting the altimeter to the
1738:
issued decree No.743, pertaining to the changes in the rules of use of the country's airspace. The new rules came into force on 17 November 2011, introducing a flight level system similar to the one used in the West. RVSM has also been in force since this date.
2561:
386:
In the United States and Canada, the transition altitude is 18,000 ft (5,500 m). In Europe, the transition altitude varies and can be as low as 3,000 ft (900 m). There are discussions to standardize the transition altitude within the
1371:
for years. Aircraft entering these areas normally make a slight climb or descent to adjust for this, although Russia and some CIS countries started using feet above transition altitude and introduced RVSM at the same time on 17 November 2011.
2704:
International Civil
Aviation Organization - International Standards and Recommended Practices - Annex 5 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation - Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations Fifth Edition - July
629:(RVSM) are not in use, 4,000 ft intervals are used to separate same-direction aircraft (instead of 2,000 ft intervals below FL 290), and only odd flight levels are assigned, independent of the direction of flight:
328:, in hundreds of feet, while being a multiple of 500 ft. Therefore, a pressure altitude of 32,000 ft (9,800 m) is referred to as "flight level 320". In metre altitudes the format is Flight Level xx000 metres.
640:
Conversely, RVSM equipped aircraft are able to continue separation in 2,000 ft intervals as outlined in the semicircular rules. Both non-RVSM and RVSM equipped aircraft use a separation of 4,000 ft above FL 410.
288:). The actual surface pressure may vary from this at different locations and times. Therefore, by using a standard pressure setting, every aircraft has the same altimeter setting, and vertical clearance can be maintained.
1559:, not including Hong Kong. To distinguish flight levels in feet, flight levels are read without "flight level", e.g. "one two thousand six hundred metres" or for 12,600 m (Chinese only available in Chinese airspace).
2572:
2743:"About the Transition to the ICAO Vertical Separation System and Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) From FL 290 TO FL 410 Inclusive in the Airspace of the Russian Federation Effective From 17 November 2011"
647:
In Italy, France, Portugal and recently also in Spain (AIP ENR 1.7-3), for example, southbound traffic uses odd flight levels; in New
Zealand, southbound traffic uses even flight levels. In Europe commonly used
2458:
1268:
with the altimeter set according to the system published by the competent authority in relation to the area over which the aircraft is flying if such aircraft is not flying over the UK.)
614:) applies, in slightly different version, to IFR flights in the UK inside controlled airspace and generally in the rest of the world. The standard rule defines an East/West track split:
644:
Countries where the major airways are oriented north/south (e.g., New
Zealand; Italy; Portugal) have semicircular rules that define a North/South rather than an East/West track split.
339:
is a two- or three-digit number indicating the pressure altitude in units of 100 feet (30 m). In radio communications, FL290 would be stated as "flight level two nine(r) zero".
2309:
From
February 2017, Russia is changing to use QNH and Feet below the Transition Level. The first airport to use this is ULLI/St. Petersburg. Most other airports still use QFE.
199:
2541:"Eurocontrol specifications for harmonized Rules for Operational Air Traffic (OAT) under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) inside controlled Airspace of the ECAC Area (EUROAT)"
2306:
The new system would eliminate the need to perform climbs and descents in order to enter or leave
Russian airspace from or to jurisdictions following the Western standard.
1339:
At FL 410 and above, 4,000 ft intervals are resumed to separate same-direction aircraft and only odd Flight Levels are assigned, depending on the direction of flight:
1248:
The quadrantal rule is defunct. It was used in the United
Kingdom but was abolished in 2015 to bring the UK in line with the semi-circular rule used around the world.
2719:[Checked on September 5, 2011: N 743, AMENDING In the federal regulations of air space use RUSSIAN FEDERATION] (in Russian). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΡ. Archived from
2597:
2465:
2540:
2716:
2683:
International Civil
Aviation Organization - Assembly Resolutions in Force (as of 8 October 2010) - Doc 9958 - Published by authority of the Secretary General
2504:
2321:
1356:
649:
2511:
398:
raised New Zealand's transition altitude from 11,000 to 13,000 feet (3,400 to 4,000 m) and changed the transition level from FL130 to FL150.
395:
1364:
1325:
1309:
626:
2359:
277:
265:
235:
217:
162:
65:
2742:
2388:
304:
Flight levels are used to ensure safe vertical separation between aircraft. Historically, altitude has been measured using an
2805:
100:
2601:
143:
1556:
1360:
96:
51:
595:
In summary, the connection between "transition altitude" (TA), "transition layer" (TLYR), and "transition level" (TL) is
115:
2810:
592:(300 m). In those areas the transition layer will be 1,000β1,500 ft (300β460 m) thick, depending on QNH.
2392:
1256:
notified in relation to an aerodrome. The rule affected only those aircraft operating under IFR when in level flight
122:
1363:
since 1979 with a recommendation on using metres (m) for reporting flight levels. China, Mongolia, Russia and many
89:
391:
area. In the United Kingdom, different airports have different transition altitudes, between 3000 and 6000 feet.
1258:
above 3,000 ft above mean sea level, or above the appropriate transition altitude, whichever is the higher
129:
2490:
1315:
1252:
661:
2720:
2515:
352:
of the terrain. The pressure setting to achieve this varies with local atmospheric pressure. It is called
111:
1400:(where feet is used for FL210 and above). Flight levels are read as e.g. "flight level 7,500 metres":
312:. An altimeter measures ambient air pressure, which decreases with increasing altitude following the
1319:
1299:
Magnetic track 270 to, and including, 359Β° β even thousands plus 500 ft (FL085, 105, 125 etc.)
1281:
1272:
657:
573:
361:
2775:
1293:
Magnetic track 090 to, and including, 179Β° β odd thousands plus 500 ft (FL075, 095, 115 etc.)
1278:
Minimum vertical separation between two flights abiding by the UK Quadrantal Rule is 500 ft (
2703:
1735:
313:
2646:
2355:
380:
357:
325:
57:
577:
2682:
2326:
1296:
Magnetic track 180 to, and including, 269Β° β even thousands of feet (FL080, 100, 120 etc.)
1286:). The level to be flown is determined by the magnetic track of the aircraft, as follows:
291:
285:
136:
1290:
Magnetic track 000 to, and including, 089Β° β odd thousands of feet (FL070, 090, 110 etc.)
2749:
2799:
376:
281:
2331:
1397:
636:
Westbound β Magnetic track 180 to 359Β° β odd flight levels (FL 310, 350, 390, etc.)
633:
Eastbound β Magnetic track 000 to 179Β° β odd flight levels (FL 290, 330, 370, etc.)
2670:
Rules of the Air Regulations 2007 (No. 734), rule 34, table 1. Available from the
2444:
2375:
1314:
In the U.S. and Canada, the information in this section applies to flights under
388:
269:
78:
17:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
2419:
349:
309:
305:
621:
Westbound β Magnetic track 180 to 359Β° β even thousands (FL 260, 280, etc.)
324:
Flight levels are described by a number, which is the nominal altitude, or
618:
Eastbound β Magnetic track 000 to 179Β° β odd thousands (FL 250, 270, etc.)
1552:
261:
249:
360:", the current local value is available from various sources, including
2624:"Standardised European Rules of the Air β UK Civil Aviation Authority"
588:
273:
2312:
Unlike Russia, North Korea uses metres below the TL based on QNH.
1368:
365:
290:
2322:
ICAO recommendations on use of the International System of Units
1376:
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan
2671:
1346:
Track 180 to 359Β° β odd flight levels (FL 430, 470, 510, etc.)
1343:
Track 000 to 179Β° β odd flight levels (FL 410, 450, 490, etc.)
418:
406:
353:
174:
72:
31:
2623:
1745:
1565:
1403:
2459:"A Common European Transition Altitude; An ATC perspective"
1335:
Track 180 to 359Β° β even thousands (FL 300, 320, 340, etc.)
1318:. Different altitudes will apply for aircraft flying under
1264:(19,500 ft above the 1013.2 hPa datum in the UK,
1332:
Track 000 to 179Β° β odd thousands (FL 290, 310, 330, etc.)
652:(ICAO) separation levels are as per the following table:
2598:"SERA Implementation | UK Civil Aviation Authority"
195:
1271:
The rule was non-binding upon flights operating under
411:
383:, aircraft altitude will be stated as a flight level.
2717:"ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π Π€ ΠΎΡ 05.09.2011 N 743"
2029:
1754:
1730:
Flight levels in Russian Federation and North Korea
654:
356:("barometric pressure adjusted to sea level"), or "
331:Flight levels are usually designated in writing as
190:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1359:(ICAO) has recommended a transition to using the
2748:. rusaero.aero. 20 November 2011. Archived from
264:as determined by a pressure altimeter using the
2420:"CAP 410 Manual of Flight Information Services"
1367:countries have used flight levels specified in
2391:(29 March 2018). "Pilot/Controller Glossary".
1546:
1742:The following table is true for IFR flights:
364:and the local airport weather frequency or a
295:Scale comparison of some flight level systems
8:
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2776:"Big change: Russia finally moving to QNH"
1734:On 5 September 2011 the government of the
584:is the transition level plus 500 ft.
2569:International Civil Aviation Organization
1721:and every 1,200 metres thereafter.
1538:and every 2,000 metres thereafter.
1357:International Civil Aviation Organization
1304:Reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM)
650:International Civil Aviation Organization
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
202:, without removing the technical details.
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
2645:Dave Drake, CAA Project Lead for SERA.
2512:Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
2354:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 133.
2342:
1547:People's Republic of China and Mongolia
413:Table for determining transition level
396:Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
2491:"IAA Transition Altitude Consultation"
2445:"14 CFR Β§ 91.121 - Altimeter settings"
2425:. UK Civil Aviation Authority. CAP410
669:Magnetic route figure of merit (FOM)
200:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
2774:Selleck, Declan (22 February 2017).
587:However, in some countries, such as
276:. The altimeter setting used is the
101:adding citations to reliable sources
2694:of the use of certain non-SI units.
2378:for related causes and consequences
1643:and every 1,200 metres thereafter.
1472:and every 2,000 metres thereafter.
379:(equivalent to millibars) or 29.92
2562:"Application of Separation Minima"
1562:never be more than thirty metres.
1326:Reduced vertical separation minima
1310:Reduced vertical separation minima
627:Reduced Vertical Separation Minima
25:
1551:The flight levels below apply to
1380:The flight levels below apply to
268:. It is expressed in hundreds of
266:International Standard Atmosphere
47:This article has multiple issues.
179:
77:
36:
2571:. November 2020. Archived from
2394:Aeronautical Information Manual
2389:Federal Aviation Administration
1251:The quadrantal rule applied to
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
425:Transition altitude (in feet)
280:surface pressure of 1013
1:
2647:"SERA β all you need to know"
2464:. Eurocontrol. Archived from
1361:International System of Units
1316:instrument flight rules (IFR)
602:Semicircular/hemispheric rule
572:is the airspace between the
546:
526:
506:
486:
466:
446:
409:for the region or airfield.
308:, essentially a calibrated
2827:
2626:. Civil Aviation Authority
2550:. Eurocontrol. p. 63.
1557:People's Republic of China
1313:
1307:
1717:14,900 m (48,900 ft)
1714:13,700 m (44,900 ft)
1711:12,500 m (41,100 ft)
1708:11,900 m (39,100 ft)
1705:11,300 m (37,100 ft)
1702:10,700 m (35,100 ft)
1699:10,100 m (33,100 ft)
1639:14,300 m (46,900 ft)
1636:13,100 m (43,000 ft)
1633:12,200 m (40,100 ft)
1630:11,600 m (38,100 ft)
1627:11,000 m (36,100 ft)
1624:10,400 m (34,100 ft)
1534:14,100 m (46,300 ft)
1531:12,100 m (39,700 ft)
1528:11,100 m (36,400 ft)
1525:10,100 m (33,100 ft)
1468:15,100 m (49,500 ft)
1465:13,100 m (43,000 ft)
1462:11,600 m (38,100 ft)
1459:10,600 m (34,800 ft)
1320:visual flight rules (VFR)
690:
687:
684:
681:
676:
673:
668:
424:
417:
2672:UK Statute Law Database.
2352:A Dictionary of Aviation
2350:Wragg, David W. (1973).
1696:9,500 m (31,100 ft)
1693:8,900 m (29,100 ft)
1690:8,100 m (26,600 ft)
1687:7,500 m (24,600 ft)
1684:6,900 m (22,600 ft)
1681:6,300 m (20,700 ft)
1678:5,700 m (18,700 ft)
1675:5,100 m (16,700 ft)
1672:4,500 m (14,800 ft)
1669:3,900 m (12,800 ft)
1666:3,300 m (10,800 ft)
1621:9,800 m (32,100 ft)
1618:9,200 m (30,100 ft)
1615:8,400 m (27,600 ft)
1612:7,800 m (25,600 ft)
1609:7,200 m (23,600 ft)
1606:6,600 m (21,700 ft)
1603:6,000 m (19,700 ft)
1600:5,400 m (17,700 ft)
1597:4,800 m (15,700 ft)
1594:4,200 m (13,800 ft)
1591:3,600 m (11,800 ft)
1522:9,100 m (29,900 ft)
1519:8,100 m (26,600 ft)
1516:7,500 m (24,600 ft)
1513:6,900 m (22,600 ft)
1510:6,300 m (20,700 ft)
1507:5,700 m (18,700 ft)
1504:5,100 m (16,700 ft)
1501:4,500 m (14,800 ft)
1498:3,900 m (12,800 ft)
1495:3,300 m (10,800 ft)
1456:9,600 m (31,500 ft)
1453:8,600 m (28,200 ft)
1450:7,800 m (25,600 ft)
1447:7,200 m (23,600 ft)
1444:6,600 m (21,700 ft)
1441:6,000 m (19,700 ft)
1438:5,400 m (17,700 ft)
1435:4,800 m (15,700 ft)
1432:4,200 m (13,800 ft)
1429:3,600 m (11,800 ft)
1396:and 6,000 m or below in
625:At FL 290 and above, if
394:On 25 November 2004 the
2505:"Part 91, Amendment 12"
1663:2,700 m (8,900 ft)
1660:2,100 m (6,900 ft)
1657:1,500 m (4,900 ft)
1588:3,000 m (9,800 ft)
1585:2,400 m (7,900 ft)
1582:1,800 m (5,900 ft)
1579:1,200 m (3,900 ft)
1492:2,700 m (8,900 ft)
1489:2,100 m (6,900 ft)
1486:1,500 m (4,900 ft)
1426:3,000 m (9,800 ft)
1423:2,400 m (7,900 ft)
1420:1,800 m (5,900 ft)
1417:1,200 m (3,900 ft)
1322:above 3000 ft AGL.
656:Vertical separation of
2780:International Ops 2021
296:
2806:Altitudes in aviation
1654:900 m (3,000 ft)
1576:600 m (2,000 ft)
1483:900 m (3,000 ft)
1414:600 m (2,000 ft)
294:
2471:on 26 September 2013
97:improve this article
2811:Air traffic control
1351:Metre flight levels
1273:visual flight rules
665:
610:(also known as the
574:transition altitude
414:
373:transition altitude
362:air traffic control
343:Transition altitude
260:) is an aircraft's
27:Measure in aviation
2723:on 3 February 2016
2652:. flyontrack.co.uk
2493:. 17 January 2016.
1736:Russian Federation
1280:note these are in
655:
412:
368:-issuing station.
314:barometric formula
297:
2578:on 2 January 2022
2400:. p. PCG Fβ3
2303:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2026:Track 000 to 179Β°
2021:
2020:
1751:Track 180 to 359Β°
1726:
1725:
1649:Track 000 to 179Β°
1571:Track 180 to 359Β°
1543:
1542:
1478:Track 000 to 179Β°
1409:Track 180 to 359Β°
1241:
1240:
608:semicircular rule
566:
565:
422:(in hectopascals)
381:inches of mercury
358:altimeter setting
326:pressure altitude
246:
245:
238:
228:
227:
220:
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
2818:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2755:on 15 April 2016
2754:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:on 7 August 2019
2600:. Archived from
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2514:. Archived from
2509:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2347:
2030:
1755:
1746:
1566:
1404:
666:
612:hemispheric rule
578:transition level
570:transition layer
415:
403:transition level
241:
234:
223:
216:
212:
209:
203:
183:
182:
175:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
146:
105:
81:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
18:Transition level
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2521:on 6 March 2016
2518:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2327:Flight planning
2318:
2304:
1732:
1727:
1560:
1549:
1544:
1378:
1353:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1246:
1244:Quadrantal rule
604:
598:TL = TA + TLYR
421:
345:
322:
302:
284:or (29.92
242:
231:
230:
229:
224:
213:
207:
204:
196:help improve it
193:
184:
180:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2766:
2734:
2708:
2696:
2686:
2675:
2663:
2637:
2615:
2589:
2553:
2532:
2496:
2482:
2450:
2436:
2411:
2380:
2367:
2360:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1377:
1374:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1308:Main article:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
671:
670:
638:
637:
634:
623:
622:
619:
603:
600:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
504:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
344:
341:
321:
318:
301:
298:
244:
243:
226:
225:
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
112:"Flight level"
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2823:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2467:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2361:9780850451634
2357:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
680:
677:180Β° to 359Β°
672:
667:
663:
659:
653:
651:
645:
642:
635:
632:
631:
630:
628:
620:
617:
616:
615:
613:
609:
601:
599:
596:
593:
590:
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
505:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:
420:
416:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:to the known
342:
340:
338:
334:
329:
327:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
299:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
240:
237:
222:
219:
211:
201:
197:
191:
188:This article
186:
177:
176:
167:
164:
156:
153:December 2016
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114: β
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2737:
2727:29 September
2725:. Retrieved
2721:the original
2711:
2699:
2689:
2678:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2618:
2608:19 September
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2573:the original
2568:
2556:
2547:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2516:the original
2499:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2466:the original
2453:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2393:
2383:
2370:
2351:
2345:
2332:Gillham code
2311:
2308:
2305:
2297:
1741:
1733:
1720:
1642:
1550:
1537:
1471:
1398:Turkmenistan
1379:
1354:
1338:
1324:
1282:geopotential
1279:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1247:
646:
643:
639:
624:
611:
607:
605:
597:
594:
586:
582:
569:
567:
402:
400:
393:
385:
377:hectopascals
372:
370:
346:
336:
332:
330:
323:
303:
257:
254:flight level
253:
247:
232:
214:
208:January 2023
205:
189:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
2548:Eurocontrol
2429:25 February
1262:below FL195
1260:, and when
389:Eurocontrol
2800:Categories
2582:10 October
2525:4 February
2376:Level Bust
2338:References
1394:Uzbekistan
1390:Tajikistan
1386:Kazakhstan
1382:Kyrgyzstan
1284:foot units
674:0Β° to 179Β°
320:Definition
300:Background
123:newspapers
52:improve it
2759:20 August
2656:20 August
2630:20 August
2374:See also
467:1014β1031
447:1032β1050
350:elevation
310:barometer
306:altimeter
58:talk page
2316:See also
2036:(metres)
1761:(metres)
1553:Mongolia
664:flights
576:and the
487:996β1013
335:, where
262:altitude
250:aviation
2785:18 July
2475:3 April
2404:1 March
2039:(feet)
1764:(feet)
1275:(VFR).
1237:51,000
1211:47,000
1185:43,000
1159:39,000
1133:35,000
1107:31,000
1081:28,000
1055:26,000
1029:24,000
1003:22,000
977:20,000
951:18,000
925:16,000
899:14,000
873:12,000
847:10,000
547:943β959
527:960β977
507:978β995
442:18,000
194:Please
137:scholar
2358:
2298:
2292:49000
2281:45000
2270:41000
2259:39000
2248:37000
2237:35000
2226:33000
2215:31000
2204:29000
2193:27000
2182:25000
2171:23000
2160:21000
2149:19000
2138:17000
2127:15000
2116:13000
2105:11000
2017:51000
2006:47000
1995:43000
1984:40000
1973:38000
1962:36000
1951:34000
1940:32000
1929:30000
1918:28000
1907:26000
1896:24000
1885:22000
1874:20000
1863:18000
1852:16000
1841:14000
1830:12000
1819:10000
1369:metres
1225:49,000
1199:45,000
1173:41,000
1147:37,000
1121:33,000
1095:29,000
1069:27,000
1043:25,000
1017:23,000
991:21,000
985:19,500
971:18,500
965:19,000
959:17,500
945:16,500
939:17,000
933:15,500
919:14,500
913:15,000
907:13,500
893:12,500
887:13,000
881:11,500
867:10,500
861:11,000
821:8,000
795:6,000
769:4,000
743:2,000
589:Norway
562:FL200
542:FL195
522:FL190
502:FL185
482:FL180
462:FL175
274:metres
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
2753:(PDF)
2746:(PDF)
2650:(PDF)
2576:(PDF)
2565:(PDF)
2544:(PDF)
2519:(PDF)
2508:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2462:(PDF)
2423:(PDF)
2398:(PDF)
2289:14950
2278:13700
2267:12500
2256:11900
2245:11300
2234:10650
2223:10050
2094:9000
2083:7000
2072:5000
2061:3000
2050:1000
2014:15550
2003:14350
1992:13100
1981:12200
1970:11600
1959:10950
1948:10350
1808:8000
1797:6000
1786:4000
1775:2000
855:9,500
841:8,500
835:9,000
829:7,500
815:6,500
809:7,000
803:5,500
789:4,500
783:5,000
777:3,500
757:3,000
731:1,000
717:feet
559:FL080
556:FL070
553:FL060
550:FL050
539:FL075
536:FL065
533:FL055
530:FL045
519:FL070
516:FL060
513:FL050
510:FL040
499:FL065
496:FL055
493:FL045
490:FL035
479:FL060
476:FL050
473:FL040
470:FL030
459:FL055
456:FL045
453:FL035
450:FL025
439:6,000
436:5,000
433:4,000
430:3,000
366:METAR
333:FLxxx
144:JSTOR
130:books
2787:2021
2761:2016
2729:2011
2705:2010
2658:2016
2632:2016
2610:2019
2584:2021
2527:2009
2477:2014
2431:2013
2406:2019
2356:ISBN
2212:9450
2201:8850
2190:8250
2179:7600
2168:7000
2157:6400
2146:5800
2135:5200
2124:4550
2113:3950
2102:3350
2091:2750
2080:2150
2069:1500
1937:9750
1926:9150
1915:8550
1904:7900
1893:7300
1882:6700
1871:6100
1860:5500
1849:4900
1838:4250
1827:3650
1816:3050
1805:2450
1794:1850
1783:1200
1555:and
1392:and
1355:The
711:feet
705:feet
699:feet
691:IFR
660:and
606:The
568:The
401:The
371:The
286:inHg
270:feet
252:, a
116:news
2286:490
2275:450
2264:410
2253:390
2242:370
2231:350
2220:330
2209:310
2198:290
2187:270
2176:250
2165:230
2154:210
2143:190
2132:170
2121:150
2110:130
2099:110
2058:900
2047:300
2011:510
2000:470
1989:430
1978:400
1967:380
1956:360
1945:340
1934:320
1923:300
1912:280
1901:260
1890:240
1879:220
1868:200
1857:180
1846:160
1835:140
1824:120
1813:100
1772:600
1365:CIS
1253:IFR
1234:510
1222:490
1208:470
1196:450
1182:430
1170:410
1156:390
1144:370
1130:350
1118:330
1104:310
1092:290
1078:280
1066:270
1052:260
1040:250
1026:240
1014:230
1000:220
988:210
982:195
974:200
968:185
962:190
956:175
948:180
942:165
936:170
930:155
922:160
916:145
910:150
904:135
896:140
890:125
884:130
878:115
870:120
864:105
858:110
852:095
844:100
838:085
832:090
826:075
818:080
812:065
806:070
800:055
792:060
786:045
780:050
774:035
766:040
754:030
740:020
728:010
688:VFR
685:IFR
682:VFR
662:IFR
658:VFR
419:QNH
407:QNH
354:QNH
337:xxx
282:hPa
278:ISA
272:or
248:In
198:to
99:by
2802::
2778:.
2567:.
2546:.
2510:.
2088:90
2077:70
2066:50
2055:30
2044:10
2033:FL
1802:80
1791:60
1780:40
1769:20
1758:FL
1388:,
1384:,
1266:or
714:FL
708:FL
702:FL
696:FL
580:.
258:FL
61:.
2789:.
2763:.
2731:.
2660:.
2634:.
2612:.
2586:.
2529:.
2479:.
2447:.
2433:.
2408:.
2364:.
1231:β
1228:β
1219:β
1216:β
1205:β
1202:β
1193:β
1190:β
1179:β
1176:β
1167:β
1164:β
1153:β
1150:β
1141:β
1138:β
1127:β
1124:β
1115:β
1112:β
1101:β
1098:β
1089:β
1086:β
1075:β
1072:β
1063:β
1060:β
1049:β
1046:β
1037:β
1034:β
1023:β
1020:β
1011:β
1008:β
997:β
994:β
763:β
760:β
751:β
748:β
737:β
734:β
725:β
722:β
256:(
239:)
233:(
221:)
215:(
210:)
206:(
192:.
166:)
160:(
155:)
151:(
141:Β·
134:Β·
127:Β·
120:Β·
93:.
68:)
64:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
