437:, it helps to bind the ribosomal subunit to the mRNA. The initiation factor has been linked to cancers through over-expression. For example, one of the thirteen eIF3 proteins, eIF3c, interacts with and represses proteins used in tumor suppression. Limited expression of certain eIF3 proteins, such as eIF3a an eIF3d, has been proven to decrease the vigorous growth of cancer cells. The over-expression of eIF3a has been linked to breast, lung, cervix, esophagus, stomach, and colon cancers. It is prevalent during early stages of oncogenesis and likely selectively translates proteins needed for cell proliferation. When eIF3a is suppressed, it has shown to decrease the malignancy of breast and lung cancer, most likely due to its role in tumor growth.
373:, binds the tRNA containing methionine to the P site of the small ribosome. The P site is where the tRNA carrying an amino acid forms a peptide bond with the incoming amino acids and carries the peptide chain. The factor consists of an alpha, beta, and gamma subunit. The eIF2 gamma subunit is characterized by a GTP-binding domain and beta-barrel folds. It binds to the tRNA through GTP. Once the initiation factor helps the tRNA bind, the GTP hydrolyzes and is released the eIF2. The eIF2 beta subunit is identified by its Zn-finger. The eIF2 alpha subunit is characterized by an OB-fold domain and two beta strands. This subunit helps to regulate translation, as it becomes phosphorylated to inhibit protein synthesis.
366:, composed of the small 40S subunit attached to other initiation factors. It also helps to create the 48S pre-initiation complex, consisting of the 43S complex with the mRNA. The eIF3 factor can also be used post-translation in order to separate the ribosomal complex and keep the small and large subunits apart. The initiation factor interacts with the eIF1 and eIF5 factors used for scanning and selection of the start codons. This can create changes in the selection of the factors, binding to different codons.
406:
418:
needed in cancers. Some initiation factors, such as eIF4E, are important in synthesizing specific proteins needed for the proliferation and survival of cancer. The careful selection of proteins ensures that proteins that are usually limited in translation and only proteins needed for cancer cell growth will be synthesized. This includes proteins involved in growth, malignancy, and angiogenesis. The eIF4E factor, along with eIF4A and eIF4G, also play a role in transitioning
347:
343:. IF2 and eIF5B assist in the joining of the small and large ribosomal subunits. The eIF5B factor also contains elongation factors. Domain IV of eIF5B is closely related to the C-terminal domain of IF2, as they both consist of a beta-barrel. The elF5B also contains a GTP-binding domain, which can switch from an active GTP to an inactive GDP. This switch helps to regulate the affinity of the ribosome for the initiation factor.
320:
Many structural domains have been conserved through evolution, as prokaryotic initiation factors share similar structures with eukaryotic factors. The prokaryotic initiation factor, IF3, assists with start site specificity, as well as mRNA binding. This is in comparison with the eukaryotic initiation
417:
is directly related to the modification of initiation factors and is used as a target for pharmaceuticals. Cells need increased energy when cancerous and derive this energy from proteins. Over-expression of initiation factors correlates with cancers, as they increase protein synthesis for proteins
396:
can bind and scan the mRNA for the start codon. During this process, the 60S ribosomal subunit binds and the large 80S ribosomal complex is formed. The eIF4G plays a role, as it interacts with the polyA-binding protein, attracting the mRNA. The eIF4E then binds the cap of the mRNA and the small
397:
ribosomal subunit binds to the eIF4G to begin the process of creating the 80S ribosomal complex. The eIF4A works to make this process more successful, as it is a DEAD box helicase. It allows for the unwinding of the untranslated regions of the mRNA to allow for ribosomal binding and scanning.
1914:
321:
factor, eIF1, who also performs these functions. The elF1 structure is similar to the C-terminal domain of IF3, as they each contain a five-stranded beta sheet against two alpha helices.
1565:
1389:
976:
97:, and finally joins together with the large subunit of ribosome. The initiation factors that help with this process each have different roles and structures.
684:"Translational control by 80S formation and 60S availability: the central role of eIF6, a rate limiting factor in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis"
1944:
1954:
1691:
1991:
1987:
466:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
1983:
639:
Rossi D, Kuroshu R, Zanelli CF, Valentini SR (2013). "eIF5A and EF-P: two unique translation factors are now traveling the same road".
2176:
2171:
2161:
1044:
969:
362:
plays an important role in translational initiation. It has a complex structure, composed of 13 subunits. It helps to create the
1934:
1929:
1924:
1039:
1034:
413:
In cancerous cells, initiation factors assist in cellular transformation and development of tumors. The survival and growth of
377:
228:
172:
147:
85:). Translation initiation is sometimes described as three step process which initiation factors help to carry out. First, the
1749:
120:
2630:
130:
2346:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2261:
2236:
2226:
779:
Dong Z, Zhang JT (September 2006). "Initiation factor eIF3 and regulation of mRNA translation, cell growth, and cancer".
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2166:
1115:
962:
949:
325:
1082:
1026:
954:
125:
2625:
2112:
2052:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1839:
1819:
1794:
1769:
1744:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
2580:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
1977:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1739:
1724:
555:
Benelli D, Londei P (January 2011). "Translation initiation in
Archaea: conserved and domain-specific features".
2635:
2604:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1972:
1967:
1734:
1729:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
926:
2600:
380:
complex supports the cap-dependent translation initiation process and is composed of the initiation factors
2146:
1001:
944:
47:
993:
989:
405:
2002:
1962:
997:
985:
62:
51:
1527:
251:
664:
346:
109:. There are some homologies shared (click the domain names to see the domain-specific factors):
1673:
1490:
901:
845:
796:
756:
705:
656:
621:
572:
522:
472:
462:
31:
922:
433:, is another significant initiation factor in human cancers. Due to its role in creating the
2547:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2492:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2427:
1575:
891:
883:
835:
827:
788:
746:
736:
695:
648:
611:
603:
564:
514:
502:
106:
2417:
2397:
2392:
2382:
1072:
1062:
1635:
896:
871:
840:
815:
751:
724:
616:
591:
351:
518:
17:
2619:
2585:
792:
668:
1187:
1054:
419:
392:. The cap end of the mRNA, being the 5’ end, is brought to the complex where the
292:
245:
222:
191:
166:
141:
2590:
340:
831:
607:
592:"Large-Scale Movements of IF3 and tRNA during Bacterial Translation Initiation"
339:, bind to the A site and assist in the assembly of initiation complexes at the
2595:
887:
741:
590:
Hussain T, Llácer JL, Wimberly BT, Kieft JS, Ramakrishnan V (September 2016).
423:
90:
476:
1682:
725:"Initiation of mRNA translation in bacteria: structural and dynamic aspects"
70:
61:
to slow down or prevent translation. They have the ability to interact with
58:
905:
849:
800:
760:
709:
700:
683:
660:
625:
576:
526:
1597:
1592:
1587:
939:
115:
66:
43:
324:
The prokaryotic initiation factors IF1 and IF2 are also homologs of the
105:
The initiation factors are divided into three major groups by taxonomic
1318:
568:
434:
393:
363:
336:
39:
652:
2552:
2542:
2527:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2462:
2457:
2437:
2432:
1609:
1582:
1570:
1443:
1399:
1394:
1377:
1372:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1283:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1199:
1194:
1182:
1158:
1153:
414:
93:
amino acid binds to the small subunit of ribosome, then binds to the
309:
keeps two ribosomal subunits disassociated by binding large subunit
2422:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2387:
2132:
1939:
1661:
1656:
1614:
1604:
1560:
1512:
1507:
1450:
1438:
1411:
1406:
1384:
1367:
1345:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1209:
1204:
1141:
1067:
870:
de la Parra C, Walters BA, Geter P, Schneider RJ (February 2018).
389:
385:
381:
345:
332:
328:
259:
180:
155:
816:"Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) during viral infections"
69:, they are simply called IFs (i.e.., IF1, IF2, & IF3) and in
1646:
1621:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1472:
1462:
1433:
1423:
1335:
1253:
1241:
1172:
1146:
1136:
1126:
430:
370:
359:
304:
278:
211:
196:
94:
86:
82:
78:
74:
958:
872:"Translation initiation factors and their relevance in cancer"
65:
to help them start or increase the rate of translation. In
503:"Eukaryotic translation initiation factors and regulators"
350:
The bacterial 30S initiation complex, also showing the
682:
Brina D, Grosso S, Miluzio A, Biffo S (October 2011).
27:
Protein which binds to a ribosome during translation
2573:
2375:
2154:
2145:
1953:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1634:
1551:
1498:
1489:
1459:
1420:
1332:
1250:
1169:
1123:
1114:
1081:
1053:
1025:
1016:
1009:
409:The formation of the eukaryotic initiation complex
814:Montero H, Pérez-Gil G, Sampieri CL (June 2019).
459:Molecular biology : principles and practice
369:Another important eukaryotic initiation factor,
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
970:
876:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
8:
2151:
1687:
1678:
1495:
1120:
1022:
1013:
977:
963:
955:
111:
925:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
895:
839:
750:
740:
699:
615:
404:
781:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
501:Sonenberg N, Dever TE (February 2003).
457:Cox MM, Doudna JA, O'Donnell M (2012).
446:
216:mRNA binding, fidelity of start codon
42:that bind to the small subunit of the
865:
863:
861:
859:
507:Current Opinion in Structural Biology
461:. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Co.
57:Initiation factors can interact with
7:
774:
772:
770:
729:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
641:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
452:
450:
354:sequence upstream of the start codon
335:. IF1 and eIF1A, both containing an
25:
793:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.03.005
557:Biochemical Society Transactions
429:The largest initiation factor,
358:A eukaryotic initiation factor
73:they are known as eIFs (i.e..,
1:
519:10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00009-5
326:eukaryotic initiation factors
950:Eukaryotic initiation factor
2652:
832:10.1007/s11262-019-01641-7
608:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.074
435:43S pre-initiation complex
364:43S pre-initiation complex
2581:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
888:10.1016/j.gde.2017.11.001
742:10.1007/s00018-015-2010-3
46:during the initiation of
2605:Kozak consensus sequence
927:Medical Subject Headings
239:fidelity of start codon
2601:Shine-Dalgarno sequence
185:diverse across domains
160:diverse across domains
945:Eukaryotic translation
701:10.4161/cc.10.20.17796
410:
355:
316:Structure and function
18:Translation initiation
723:Gualerzi CO, Pon CL.
408:
394:43S ribosomal complex
349:
264:an elongation factor
2631:Protein biosynthesis
1501:Mitochondrial
986:Protein biosynthesis
52:protein biosynthesis
1674:Ribosomal Proteins
602:(1): 133–144.e13.
569:10.1042/BST0390089
411:
356:
36:initiation factors
2626:Molecular biology
2613:
2612:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2141:
2140:
1630:
1629:
1554:Eukaryotic
1491:Elongation factor
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1018:Initiation factor
923:Initiation+Factor
735:(22): 4341–4367.
653:10.1002/wrna.1211
468:978-0-7167-7998-8
313:
312:
32:molecular biology
16:(Redirected from
2643:
2152:
1688:
1679:
1553:
1500:
1496:
1466:
1427:
1339:
1257:
1176:
1130:
1121:
1023:
1014:
979:
972:
965:
956:
910:
909:
899:
867:
854:
853:
843:
811:
805:
804:
776:
765:
764:
754:
744:
720:
714:
713:
703:
679:
673:
672:
636:
630:
629:
619:
587:
581:
580:
552:
531:
530:
498:
481:
480:
454:
422:cancer cells to
269:(three subunits)
135:Common function
112:
21:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2636:Gene expression
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2557:
2371:
2137:
1949:
1668:
1626:
1547:
1477:
1460:
1455:
1421:
1416:
1333:
1328:
1251:
1246:
1170:
1165:
1124:
1110:
1077:
1049:
1005:
983:
936:
919:
914:
913:
869:
868:
857:
813:
812:
808:
778:
777:
768:
722:
721:
717:
681:
680:
676:
638:
637:
633:
589:
588:
584:
554:
553:
534:
500:
499:
484:
469:
456:
455:
448:
443:
403:
318:
286:
103:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2574:Other concepts
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1636:Release factor
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1007:
1006:
984:
982:
981:
974:
967:
959:
953:
952:
947:
942:
935:
932:
931:
930:
918:
917:External links
915:
912:
911:
855:
826:(3): 267–273.
806:
766:
715:
694:(20): 3441–6.
674:
631:
582:
532:
482:
467:
445:
444:
442:
439:
402:
399:
352:Shine-Dalgarno
317:
314:
311:
310:
307:
302:
299:
296:
288:
287:
284:
281:
276:
273:
270:
266:
265:
262:
257:
254:
249:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
226:
218:
217:
214:
209:
206:
200:
187:
186:
183:
178:
175:
170:
162:
161:
158:
153:
150:
145:
137:
136:
133:
128:
123:
118:
102:
99:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2648:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Reading frame
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Mitochondrial
2144:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1055:Mitochondrial
1052:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
975:
973:
968:
966:
961:
960:
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
928:
924:
921:
920:
916:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
864:
862:
860:
856:
851:
847:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
810:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:(3): 169–80.
786:
782:
775:
773:
771:
767:
762:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
716:
711:
707:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
678:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:(2): 209–22.
646:
642:
635:
632:
627:
623:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
586:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
483:
478:
474:
470:
464:
460:
453:
451:
447:
440:
438:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
416:
407:
400:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
367:
365:
361:
353:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
322:
315:
308:
306:
303:
300:
297:
295:
294:
290:
289:
282:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
263:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
247:
243:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:
220:
219:
215:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
184:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
168:
164:
163:
159:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
143:
139:
138:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
110:
108:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1653:Class 2/RF3
1461:
1422:
1334:
1252:
1171:
1125:
1017:
879:
875:
823:
819:
809:
784:
780:
732:
728:
718:
691:
687:
677:
644:
640:
634:
599:
595:
585:
563:(1): 89–93.
560:
556:
513:(1): 56–63.
510:
506:
458:
428:
412:
375:
368:
357:
323:
319:
291:
244:
221:
202:
190:
165:
140:
104:
56:
50:, a part of
35:
29:
2591:Start codon
2376:28S subunit
2155:39S subunit
1955:40S subunit
1692:60S subunit
1683:Cytoplasmic
1147:SUI1 family
990:translation
820:Virus Genes
341:start codon
89:carrying a
48:translation
2620:Categories
2596:Stop codon
1940:RRP15-like
1750:RPL10-like
1499:Bacterial/
1116:Eukaryotic
1002:eukaryotic
688:Cell Cycle
441:References
424:metastatic
283:binds tRNA
131:Eukaryotic
91:methionine
71:eukaryotes
63:activators
59:repressors
1552:Archaeal/
1027:Bacterial
994:bacterial
882:: 82–88.
477:814245170
401:In cancer
293:IPR002769
246:IPR001884
223:IPR001288
192:IPR001950
167:IPR015760
142:IPR006196
121:Bacterial
1643:Class 1
1083:Archaeal
1010:Proteins
998:archaeal
940:Ribosome
934:See also
906:29153484
850:30796742
801:16829125
761:26259514
710:22031223
669:25447826
661:24402910
626:27662086
577:21265752
527:12581660
126:Archaeal
116:InterPro
67:bacteria
44:ribosome
40:proteins
1945:RSL24D1
1622:a/eEF-2
1561:a/eEF-1
897:7269109
841:7088766
752:4611024
617:5037330
337:OB-fold
107:domains
2113:RPS27A
2053:RPS15A
1992:RPS4Y2
1988:RPS4Y1
1982:RPS4 (
1900:RPL37A
1890:RPL36A
1880:RPL35A
1840:RPL27A
1820:RPL23A
1795:RPL18A
1770:RPL13A
1745:RPL10A
1200:γ
1195:β
1188:kinase
1183:α
929:(MeSH)
904:
894:
848:
838:
799:
759:
749:
708:
667:
659:
624:
614:
575:
525:
475:
465:
420:benign
415:cancer
388:, and
2383:MRPS1
2162:MRPL1
2133:RACK1
2128:RPS30
2123:RPS29
2118:RPS28
2108:RPS27
2103:RPS26
2098:RPS25
2093:RPS24
2088:RPS23
2083:RPS21
2078:RPS20
2073:RPS19
2068:RPS18
2063:RPS17
2058:RPS16
2048:RPS15
2043:RPS14
2038:RPS13
2033:RPS12
2028:RPS11
2023:RPS10
1984:RPS4X
1978:RPS3A
1935:RPLP2
1930:RPLP1
1925:RPLP0
1920:RPL41
1915:RPL40
1910:RPL39
1905:RPL38
1895:RPL37
1885:RPL36
1875:RPL35
1870:RPL34
1865:RPL32
1860:RPL31
1855:RPL30
1850:RPL29
1845:RPL28
1835:RPL27
1830:RPL26
1825:RPL24
1815:RPL23
1810:RPL22
1805:RPL21
1800:RPL19
1790:RPL18
1785:RPL17
1780:RPL15
1775:RPL14
1765:RPL13
1760:RPL12
1755:RPL11
1740:RPL10
1725:RPL7A
1662:GSPT2
1657:GSPT1
1513:EF-Ts
1508:EF-Tu
1439:EIF5A
1242:eIF2D
1210:eIF2B
1205:eIF2A
1154:eIF1A
1073:MTIF3
1068:MTIF2
1063:MTIF1
665:S2CID
390:eIF4G
386:eIF4E
382:eIF4A
378:eIF4F
333:eIF5B
329:eIF1A
260:eIF5A
256:aIF5A
181:eIF5B
177:aIF5B
156:eIF1A
152:aIF1A
101:Types
2018:RPS9
2013:RPS8
2008:RPS7
2003:RPS6
1998:RPS5
1973:RPS3
1968:RPS2
1963:RPSA
1735:RPL9
1730:RPL8
1720:RPL7
1715:RPL6
1710:RPL5
1705:RPL4
1700:RPL3
1647:eRF1
1543:GFM2
1538:GFM1
1533:TSFM
1528:EF-P
1523:EF-4
1518:EF-G
1473:EIF6
1463:eIF6
1434:EIF5
1424:eIF5
1336:eIF4
1254:eIF3
1173:eIF2
1137:eIF1
1127:eIF1
1106:aIF6
1101:aIF5
1096:aIF2
1091:aIF1
902:PMID
846:PMID
797:PMID
757:PMID
706:PMID
657:PMID
622:PMID
596:Cell
573:PMID
523:PMID
473:OCLC
463:ISBN
431:eIF3
376:The
371:eIF2
360:eIF3
331:and
305:eIF6
301:aIF6
279:eIF2
275:aIF2
252:EF-P
229:IF-3
212:eIF1
208:aIF1
203:YciH
197:SUI1
173:IF-2
148:IF-1
95:mRNA
87:tRNA
83:eIF3
79:eIF2
75:eIF1
38:are
1045:IF3
1040:IF2
1035:IF1
892:PMC
884:doi
836:PMC
828:doi
789:doi
747:PMC
737:doi
696:doi
649:doi
612:PMC
604:doi
600:167
565:doi
515:doi
30:In
2622::
2553:35
2548:34
2543:33
2538:32
2533:31
2528:30
2523:29
2518:28
2513:27
2508:26
2503:25
2498:24
2493:23
2488:22
2483:21
2478:20
2473:19
2468:18
2463:17
2458:16
2453:15
2448:14
2443:13
2438:12
2433:11
2428:10
2367:42
2362:41
2357:40
2352:39
2347:38
2342:37
2337:36
2332:35
2327:34
2322:33
2317:32
2312:31
2307:30
2302:29
2297:28
2292:27
2287:26
2282:25
2277:24
2272:23
2267:22
2262:21
2257:20
2252:19
2247:18
2242:17
2237:16
2232:15
2227:14
2222:13
2217:12
2212:11
2207:10
1990:,
1986:,
1598:P3
1593:P2
1588:P1
1566:A1
1451:5B
1368:E1
1000:,
996:,
988::
900:.
890:.
880:48
878:.
874:.
858:^
844:.
834:.
824:55
822:.
818:.
795:.
785:59
783:.
769:^
755:.
745:.
733:72
731:.
727:.
704:.
692:10
690:.
686:.
663:.
655:.
643:.
620:.
610:.
598:.
594:.
571:.
561:39
559:.
535:^
521:.
511:13
509:.
505:.
485:^
471:.
449:^
426:.
384:,
81:,
77:,
54:.
34:,
2603:/
2423:9
2418:8
2413:7
2408:6
2403:5
2398:4
2393:3
2388:2
2202:9
2197:8
2192:7
2187:6
2182:5
2177:4
2172:3
2167:2
1994:)
1615:G
1610:E
1605:D
1583:B
1576:3
1571:2
1444:2
1412:H
1407:B
1400:3
1395:2
1390:1
1385:G
1378:3
1373:2
1361:3
1356:2
1351:1
1346:A
1324:M
1319:L
1314:K
1309:J
1304:I
1299:H
1294:G
1289:F
1284:E
1279:D
1274:C
1269:B
1264:A
1235:5
1230:4
1225:3
1220:2
1215:1
1159:Y
1142:B
1004:)
992:(
978:e
971:t
964:v
908:.
886::
852:.
830::
803:.
791::
763:.
739::
712:.
698::
671:.
651::
645:5
628:.
606::
579:.
567::
529:.
517::
479:.
298:—
285:i
272:—
236:—
233:—
205:?
199:)
195:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.