937:
40:
822:
163:
1570:
1028:
contractors, they found themselves progressively squeezed throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s as operating costs rose far more than rates. For the first time since the 1880s, owner drivers joined the union in large numbers. They had quickly found the TWU was the only serious industrial force that could stand up to the transport conglomerates.
928:
in size, stimulated by growth in manufacturing. Wharves and railway depots were also important sources of work for drivers. By 1903 it was reported that work had become more stable and less casual. However, conditions were still poor. Drivers could be expected to work up to 19 hours a day. Wages were generally between 25 and 35 shillings a week.
949:
and decreasing costs made road transport a serious competitor to the railways for the first time. These changes put the union in a stronger position to fight for shorter working hours and other improved conditions. However, the union itself had to adapt and make the transition from the horse-drawn era to the new world of trucks and cars.
1164:(born 26 August 1961) is an Australian politician and trade unionist. He is a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and has served as a Senator for New South Wales since 2019. He was previously a senior figure in the Transport Workers Union (TWU), serving as state secretary (1999–2008) and national secretary (2006–2019).
1035:
Ground was lost, however, as the recession of 1982–83 took hold. This downturn stimulated a major restructuring of the
Australian transport industry as retailers and manufacturers turned to a system of contract distribution rather than maintain their own truck fleets or engage owner drivers. Contract
990:
The road transport industry grew strongly after the war and the sophistication and size of trucks increased. By the end of the 1960s, large articulated trucks accounted for 56% of all tonne-kilometres performed by road transport. By this time waves of takeovers had reorganised the industry with small
982:
saw major changes within the road transport industry, with acute labour shortages resulting in long hours and high wages for drivers. After the war the road transport industry was rationalised as smaller operators were forced out of the business by larger, more efficient firms. These larger companies
1031:
From the early 1970s, the TWU became a cohesive, centrally directed force with a substantial presence, actively recruiting members and training job delegates. The early 1980s were a time of strong gains in wages and the TWU was for a time the pacesetter, gaining higher wage increases for its members
1027:
Seeking to minimise their costs, many large companies increased their use of owner drivers to avoid paying award rates of pay to employee drivers. These subcontractors, increasingly discovered they lacked the bargaining power of employee drivers. Forced to negotiate individually with the large prime
927:
After the turn of the century, small specialised transport unions were established throughout
Australia. These included separate unions of milk carters, bread carters, and fuel and fodder carters. Numbers of wage-earning drivers increased in the major cities during this period as carrying firms grew
1023:
recognised the changing nature of drivers' work in the road transport industry. Heavier loads, the increased use of high-powered, multi-axled articulated vehicles, and the higher levels of skill and productivity required of drivers led to labour shortages and provided the opportunity for the TWU to
964:
branch survived the depression best. Yet even there, award conditions couldn't survive the pressure of mass unemployment. It was estimated that many workers had their conditions returned to those of the 1880s. In
Victoria casual employment had again become the norm with gangs of men waiting outside
977:
In 1937 the union was granted the right to cover persons engaged in connection with the transport of passengers or freight by air as well as by road. These members—particularly baggage handlers and porters—quickly became a key sector within the Union. Their bargaining power won improvements in pay
952:
In 1925, representatives of the
Federated Carters and Drivers' Industrial Union, the Trolley, Draymen and Carters' Union and the Motor Transport and Chauffeurs' Association met to plan the establishment of a new union capable of representing all persons employed in connection with the transport of
948:
While other parts of the economy experienced difficult times in the years 1914–1939, rapid technological change made road transport a dynamic and rapidly expanding industry. There was an explosion in numbers of commercial motor vehicles in
Australia during the 1920s. Advances in truck construction
923:
In the 1880s, small independent unions of drivers sprang up in the colonies of
Australia. Many of these unions were short-lived. It was an extremely competitive industry. A self-employed carrier could set himself up with a basic horse and cart for a relatively small sum of money, and drivers, too,
944:
Growth in the transport sector provided a stimulus for carters' unions to reorganise themselves to make them a stronger force. This led to the federal registration of the
Federated Carters and Drivers' Industrial Union in 1906. This union is the direct predecessor of today's TWU.
973:
The road transport sector picked up again after the depression. During this period the union's strongest sector was among oil company drivers. In 1937 these drivers were the first in the union to win a week's annual leave—benefits which flowed on to the wider membership in 1940.
1039:
Large companies used economies of scale, mechanised and computerised warehouses and close control of their workforce, to reduce costs and the number of employees and vehicles required. Restructuring such as this has led to considerable changes to the work of employee drivers.
1068:
Membership declined rapidly, but picked up in following years—almost every state increasing membership by 2004. Targeted recruitment and retention campaigns proved successful for the union, as well as increased co-operation between state branches.
1186:
1086:
In 2021, the
Transport Workers Union took Qantas to court over the dismissal of 1685 baggage handlers and cleaners during the COVID-19 pandemic, whose roles were later outsourced. The TWU argued that the airline’s actions contravened the
1601:
1099:
in May 2023. In
September 2023, the High Court ruled against Qantas, upholding the original Federal Court decision and leaving the airline liable for compensation. After the verdict Qantas issued an apology to the sacked workers.
803:
The history of the
Transport Workers' Union is partly a story of the enormous technological and economic changes to the ways people and goods have been transported across the history of Australia. Its main beliefs are that the
1170:(born 3 January 1960) is an Australian politician. A former trade union organiser, he has been an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian Senate since 2005, representing the state of Western Australia.
978:
and conditions which in turn benefited union members in other sectors. To reflect the change in coverage, in 1938 the union adopted its current name, the Transport Workers' Union of Australia.
839:
1596:
1072:
In 2006, Federal Secretary John Allan resigned. He was replaced by NSW Secretary Tony Sheldon as Acting Federal Secretary. The head office location was moved from Melbourne to Sydney.
1020:
1059:
came into power in 1996, the TWU faced new challenges. The focus of membership retention turned to a more organising focus as compulsory membership was made illegal under the
924:
were in chronic oversupply. Conditions were poor and wage-earning drivers worked very long hours for low rates of pay. Much of the available work was casual and seasonal.
808:
cannot be relied upon to create a safe, efficient and viable transport industry; and that transport workers should stand together to better their pay and conditions.
1146:
Whilst technically having wide coverage, the TWU largely focuses on road transport, warehouse distribution, airline operations, bus drivers and the waste industry.
1011:/Comet. This rationalisation meant that the union also had to reorganise itself into a strong federal body, capable of operating in a nationally co-ordinated way.
1514:
789:
108:
1212:
1611:
1153:
is the only state to have an extensive membership in this industry as it was the base of the FGIEU. It is the only state to have a gas industry sub-branch.
1606:
1591:
886:
427:
858:
435:
1418:
865:
396:
1480:
1366:
1149:
The TWU's coverage of gas industry staff extends from its amalgamation with The Federated Gas Employees Industrial Union (FGEIU) in 1997.
1392:
872:
1340:
422:
197:
785:
104:
1065:. Before this time, union members and organisers could pressure non-union truck drivers against entering union-dominated workplaces.
1307:
The Motor Transport union news : official publication of the Motor Transport and Chauffeurs' Association, Trades Hall Melbourne
1076:
905:
854:
306:
1075:
National Secretary Sheldon led the union to success in the 'Safe Rates' campaign with the passing of legislation to establish the
568:
440:
291:
1080:
720:
643:
843:
341:
336:
1161:
628:
953:
people or goods by road. This led to the Amalgamated Road Transport Workers Union becoming federally registered in 1928.
1061:
991:
local firms being taken over by large national transport companies. By 1966 five conglomerates dominated the industry –
742:
603:
1091:, while Qantas claimed it had to make the cuts to ensure the company's survival during the pandemic. In July 2021, the
996:
992:
879:
1092:
940:
Members of the Tasmanian branch of the Federated Carters and Drivers Union at an Eight-Hour-Day Parade, circa 1920.
677:
613:
39:
983:
introduced new methods of work, using specialised bulk tankers, forklifts and pallets to lower costs and increase
832:
1269:
633:
361:
301:
608:
583:
311:
212:
1419:"Qantas loses High Court appeal over sacking of 1,700 baggage handlers and cleaners during COVID-19 pandemic"
1036:
distribution involved total responsibility for the pick-up, warehousing, distribution and delivery of goods.
1575:
1096:
623:
152:
1115:
Aviation (ground services, catering, guest services, cabin crew, pilots, airfreight and cargo, refuellers)
797:
588:
558:
550:
321:
112:
936:
618:
578:
563:
286:
192:
754:
667:
598:
417:
252:
222:
1367:"High Court to hear battle between Qantas and Transport Workers' Union over ground crew outsourcing"
17:
1095:
ruled in favour of the TWU, with Qantas losing an appeal in May 2022, before the case moved to the
713:
593:
247:
1508:
1088:
766:
496:
356:
796:. The TWU is considered to be one of the most powerful unions in the Labor Right faction of the
1501:
A Fighting Union: A History of the Queensland Branch of the Transport Workers' Union, 1907–2000
1476:
1056:
770:
687:
638:
573:
516:
326:
182:
1004:
957:
781:
672:
662:
217:
1150:
762:
746:
692:
506:
464:
386:
172:
792:. In South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales, the union is affiliated with the
706:
531:
526:
511:
474:
296:
142:
1585:
777:
456:
391:
351:
316:
242:
1167:
984:
979:
536:
501:
484:
381:
366:
331:
281:
276:
268:
202:
1108:
The union has coverage throughout 47 sectors of the transport industry including:
1473:
Driving Force: The History of the Transport Workers' Union of Australia 1883–1992
1000:
821:
805:
793:
738:
410:
237:
207:
187:
1565:
961:
750:
682:
376:
371:
162:
1264:
1492:
Delivering the Goods: A History of the NSW Transport Workers Union 1898–1986
491:
232:
227:
1444:
Federated Gas Employees' Industrial Union (Australia). S.A. Branch (1927),
1243:
Rules of the Federated Carters and Drivers' Industrial Union of Australia
1047:, which gave the union coverage of the private bus industry in Victoria.
1008:
758:
346:
1569:
1445:
1305:
1273:. No. 20, 307. New South Wales, Australia. 10 April 1903. p. 4
1241:
846: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
521:
1240:
Federated Carters and Drivers' Industrial Union of Australia (1913),
469:
741:
with members throughout Australia. It has 5 main branches based in:
1602:
Trade unions affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions
1079:
in 2012. The union continues industrial action in the wake of the
935:
479:
1019:
In the early 1960s drivers won substantial wage increases as the
1523:
Proud To Be A TWU Member: Transport Workers Tell Their Stories
1393:"Qantas last ditch high court outsourcing appeal begins today"
1327:
956:
Despite these attempts to create a stronger organisation, the
815:
1550:
1545:
1541:
New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory Branch website
1560:
123:
1555:
1540:
1535:
1447:
State rules, sick and accident fund rules, federal rules
1213:"Inside the union factions that rule the ALP conference"
1136:
On-demand rideshare and food delivery riders and drivers
1304:
Motor Transport and Chauffeurs' Association (1947),
1187:"Membership size of registered organisations – 2023"
1021:
Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission
1341:"TWU wins landmark outsourcing case against Qantas"
118:
100:
88:
78:
62:
54:
46:
1551:South Australia/Northern Territory Branch website
965:yards all day trying to get work by the hour.
1310:, Motor Transport and Chauffeurs' Association
714:
8:
32:
1597:International Transport Workers' Federation
790:International Transport Workers' Federation
96:Nick McIntosh, Assistant National Secretary
1513:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1281:– via National Library of Australia.
1121:Armoured vehicle drivers, guards and staff
1045:Motor Transport and Chauffeurs Association
721:
707:
137:
38:
31:
906:Learn how and when to remove this message
1211:Marin-Guzman, David (16 December 2018).
1130:Clerical staff in the transport industry
1178:
855:"Transport Workers' Union of Australia"
151:
1506:
1291:
1235:
1233:
1112:Road transport (passenger and freight)
735:Transport Workers' Union of Australia
33:Transport Workers' Union of Australia
7:
1490:Bray, Mark; Rimmer, Malcolm (1987).
1124:Waste and recycling industry workers
844:adding citations to reliable sources
18:Transport Workers Union of Australia
1612:Transport trade unions in Australia
397:Workers' right to access the toilet
786:Australian Council of Trade Unions
25:
1077:Road Safety Remuneration Tribunal
1043:In 1987 the TWU amalgamated with
784:. The TWU is affiliated with the
94:Michael Kaine, National Secretary
1607:Trade unions established in 1906
1592:1906 establishments in Australia
1568:
1561:Western Australia Branch website
1556:Victoria/Tasmania Branch website
820:
292:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
161:
1265:"TROLLEY, DRAYMEN, AND CARTERS"
1127:Forklift drivers and dock hands
1081:2011 Qantas industrial disputes
831:needs additional citations for
84:55,760 (as at 31 December 2022)
1330:at saferates.org.au, TWU, 2016
342:Occupational safety and health
337:Occupational safety and health
1:
1475:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
465:Chronological list of strikes
1494:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
1062:Workplace Relations Act 1996
743:Australian Capital Territory
1217:Australian Financial Review
997:Thomas Nationwide Transport
993:Ansett Transport Industries
1628:
1093:Federal Court of Australia
1024:win large wage increases.
1546:Queensland Branch website
1270:The Sydney Morning Herald
428:International comparisons
362:Right to rest and leisure
302:Employment discrimination
37:
1471:Bowden, Bradley (1993).
1015:Enlargement and problems
960:hit the union hard. The
213:Social movement unionism
1576:Organized labour portal
1536:National Office website
1162:Anthony Vincent Sheldon
1097:High Court of Australia
423:Trade union federations
418:Trade unions by country
1499:Kellett, John (2001).
1192:. Fair Work Commission
1055:When the conservative
1032:than any other union.
941:
798:Australian Labor Party
322:Freedom of association
193:Exploitation of labour
1328:Safe Rates Save Lives
1133:Bus and coach drivers
939:
307:Employment protection
287:Collective bargaining
840:improve this article
668:Industrial relations
657:Academic disciplines
253:National-syndicalism
223:Democratic socialism
1425:. 13 September 2023
1397:Australian Aviation
1345:Australian Aviation
969:Recovery and growth
780:union based on the
248:Anarcho-syndicalism
34:
1104:Industries covered
942:
767:Northern Territory
357:Professional abuse
1482:978-1-86373-381-6
1118:Oil, fuel and gas
1057:Howard government
916:
915:
908:
890:
771:Western Australia
731:
730:
688:Post-work society
517:Solidarity action
327:Legal working age
183:Conflict theories
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
1619:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1521:TWU NSW Branch.
1518:
1512:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1005:Brambles Limited
958:Great Depression
911:
904:
900:
897:
891:
889:
848:
824:
816:
782:organising model
723:
716:
709:
673:Labour economics
663:Critique of work
507:Pen-down strikes
218:Social democracy
165:
155:
154:Organised labour
145:
138:
132:
129:
127:
125:
71:
42:
35:
21:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1532:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1483:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1159:
1151:South Australia
1106:
1053:
1017:
971:
934:
921:
912:
901:
895:
892:
849:
847:
837:
825:
814:
763:South Australia
747:New South Wales
727:
698:
697:
693:Refusal of work
658:
650:
649:
648:
553:
543:
542:
541:
532:Wildcat strikes
527:Whipsaw strikes
512:Sitdown strikes
459:
449:
448:
445:
413:
403:
402:
401:
387:Toxic workplace
271:
261:
260:
257:
175:
173:Labour movement
153:
143:
122:
95:
91:
81:
74:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1530:External links
1528:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1436:
1410:
1384:
1358:
1347:. 30 July 2021
1332:
1320:
1296:
1284:
1256:
1229:
1203:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1158:
1157:Notable people
1155:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1102:
1052:
1051:Recent history
1049:
1016:
1013:
1001:Mayne Nickless
970:
967:
933:
930:
920:
917:
914:
913:
828:
826:
819:
813:
810:
729:
728:
726:
725:
718:
711:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
678:Labour history
675:
670:
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
647:
646:
641:
639:United Kingdom
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
555:
554:
551:Labour parties
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
488:
487:
482:
475:General strike
472:
467:
461:
460:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
444:
443:
438:
432:
430:
425:
420:
414:
409:
408:
405:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
297:Eight-hour day
294:
289:
284:
279:
273:
272:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
158:
157:
149:
148:
134:
133:
120:
116:
115:
102:
98:
97:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
73:
72:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1577:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1503:. Queensland.
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Fair Work Act
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
986:
981:
975:
968:
966:
963:
959:
954:
950:
946:
938:
932:Early history
931:
929:
925:
918:
910:
907:
899:
888:
885:
881:
878:
874:
871:
867:
864:
860:
857: –
856:
852:
851:Find sources:
845:
841:
835:
834:
829:This section
827:
823:
818:
817:
811:
809:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:The TWU is a
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
654:
653:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:New Caledonia
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
547:
546:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
502:Overtime bans
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:Strike action
453:
452:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
412:
407:
406:
398:
395:
393:
392:Unfree labour
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:Paid time off
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Four-day week
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:Labour rights
265:
264:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
243:Union busting
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
164:
160:
159:
156:
150:
146:
140:
139:
131:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
93:
87:
83:
77:
68:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
1522:
1500:
1491:
1472:
1465:Bibliography
1452:, retrieved
1450:, The Union]
1446:
1439:
1429:13 September
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1399:. 9 May 2023
1396:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1373:. 9 May 2023
1370:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:
1312:, retrieved
1306:
1299:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1268:
1259:
1248:, retrieved
1242:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1196:16 September
1194:. Retrieved
1181:
1168:Glenn Sterle
1166:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1107:
1085:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
989:
985:productivity
980:World War II
976:
972:
955:
951:
947:
943:
926:
922:
902:
893:
883:
876:
869:
862:
850:
838:Please help
833:verification
830:
802:
775:
734:
732:
537:Work-to-rule
411:Trade unions
382:Six-hour day
367:Right to sit
332:Minimum wage
282:Child labour
277:Annual leave
203:New unionism
101:Affiliations
55:Headquarters
29:
1454:24 November
1403:7 September
1377:7 September
1351:7 September
1314:24 November
1292:Bowden 1993
1277:24 November
1250:24 November
1246:, The Union
806:free market
794:Labor Right
778:progressive
739:trade union
737:(TWU) is a
634:South Korea
614:Netherlands
609:New Zealand
238:Syndicalism
208:Proletariat
188:Decent work
27:Trade union
1586:Categories
1423:ABC.net.au
1371:ABC.net.au
1174:References
962:Queensland
919:Background
866:newspapers
751:Queensland
683:Labour law
492:Green bans
485:newspapers
377:Sick leave
372:Sabbatical
90:Key people
1509:cite book
896:July 2024
629:Singapore
584:Hong Kong
559:Australia
312:Equal pay
233:Communism
228:Socialism
80:Members
70:Australia
1222:6 August
1009:Alltrans
788:and the
759:Tasmania
755:Victoria
624:Portugal
564:Barbados
522:Walkouts
497:Lockouts
347:Overwork
198:Timeline
144:a series
141:Part of
63:Location
880:scholar
812:History
589:Ireland
579:Georgia
119:Website
47:Founded
1525:, 1999
1479:
882:
875:
868:
861:
853:
769:; and
644:Sweden
619:Norway
594:Israel
569:Brazil
470:Hartal
58:Sydney
1190:(PDF)
887:JSTOR
873:books
599:Malta
480:Bandh
1515:link
1477:ISBN
1456:2017
1431:2023
1405:2023
1379:2023
1353:2023
1316:2017
1279:2017
1252:2017
1224:2019
1198:2023
1007:and
859:news
733:The
574:Fiji
441:WFTU
436:ITUC
128:.com
126:.twu
105:ACTU
50:1906
842:by
800:.
130:.au
124:www
113:ALP
109:ITF
1588::
1511:}}
1507:{{
1421:.
1395:.
1369:.
1343:.
1267:.
1232:^
1215:.
1083:.
1003:,
999:,
995:,
987:.
773:.
761:;
753:;
749:;
147:on
111:,
107:,
1517:)
1485:.
1433:.
1407:.
1381:.
1355:.
1294:.
1226:.
1200:.
909:)
903:(
898:)
894:(
884:·
877:·
870:·
863:·
836:.
765:/
757:/
745:/
722:e
715:t
708:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
