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travel by air, and individually to do so with increasing frequency and over longer distances, a dilemma that has the attention of climate scientists and other researchers, along with the press. The issue of impacts from frequent travel, particularly by air because of the long distances that are easily covered in one or a few days, is called
527:
effects at the higher altitude. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel during the twelve months between
October 2013 and September 2014. WHO estimates that globally as many as 500,000 people at a time are on planes. The global trend has been for increasing numbers of people to
394:
refers to the transport facilities used to carry people or cargo according to the chosen mode. Examples of the means of transport include automobile, airplane, ship, truck, and train. Each mode of transport has a fundamentally different set of technological solutions. Each mode has its own
935:
Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for
989:
can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For example, liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.
896:, such as a bart, ship or sailboat, makes over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal, or river. If a boat or other vessel can successfully pass through a waterway it is known as a navigable waterway. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft, and makes the
1026:. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments. However, people have landed on the moon, and probes have been sent to all the planets of the Solar System.
640:
Land transport covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the movement of people, goods and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in
484:, is a heavier-than-air flying vehicle, in which the special geometry of the wings generates lift and then lifts the whole vehicle. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large
900:
a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance. When a boat is floating on the water the hull of the boat is pushing aside water where the hull now is, this is known as displacement.
1410:"The aviation industry is encouraged to take account of, and where appropriate reduce, its contribution to global warming...The impact of aviation on climate change is increased over that of direct CO
1036:
and other transportation companies are currently testing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in parcel delivery. This method will allow short-range small-parcel delivery in a short time frame.
1185:
Worldwide, the most widely used modes for passenger transport are the
Automobile (16,000 bn passenger km), followed by Buses (7,000), Air (2,800), Railways (1,900), and Urban Rail (250).
507:
Air transport is one of the fastest method of transport, Commercial jets reach speeds of up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph) and a considerably higher ground speed if there is a
1441:
511:
tailwind, while piston-powered general aviation aircraft may reach up to 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph) or more. This celerity comes with higher cost and energy use, and
1188:
The most widely used modes for freight transport are Sea (40,000 bn ton km), followed by Road (7,000), Railways (6,500), Oil pipelines (2,000) and Inland
Navigation (1,500).
600:
Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when using the human power with vehicles, such as
1636:
1032:
transport (drone transport) is being used for medicine transportation in least developed countries with inadequate infrastructure by an
American-based start-up Zipline.
864:
in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.
195:
996:
is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include
764:. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominant solution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.
814:
A road is an identifiable route of travel, usually surfaced with gravel, asphalt or concrete, and supporting land passage by foot or by a number of vehicles.
916:
or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now, most ships have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called
1744:
516:
263:
185:
1438:
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94:
1713:
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512:
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924:, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use
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trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by high-capacity
379:
are sometimes regarded as distinct modes, but they may lie in other categories such as land or water transport.
249:
220:
180:
59:
686:, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by
1534:
Anderson, K.; Bows, A. (2008). "Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post-2000 emission trends".
519:(IPCC) estimates a commercial jet's flight to have some 2-4 times the effect on the climate than if the same CO
416:
376:
335:
is a method or way of travelling, or of transporting people or cargo. The different modes of transport include
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1598:
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to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas,
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205:
99:
1494:"Eyes wide shut? UK consumer perceptions on aviation climate impacts and travel decisions to New Zealand"
856:
Automobiles offer high flexibility, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source of
608:. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for difficult environments, such as snow and water, by
971:
629:
258:
215:
515:
and particularly the global climate require consideration when comparing modes of transportation. The
1543:
1426:
Aviation and the Global
Atmosphere: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
787:
244:
230:
225:
129:
1459:
736:
is capable of speeds up to 430 km/h (270 mph), but this requires a specially built track.
722:. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more
1137:
1129:
695:
477:
425:
for the transport of people and/or goods. Humans may use some of the animals directly, use them as
404:
109:
1536:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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1516:
1133:
982:
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635:
597:; it is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.
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89:
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emissions alone by some of the other emissions released and their specific effects at altitude".
459:
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of one or more connected vehicles that run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a
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590:
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239:
1586:
Hypermobility is now the opium of the people, an obsession that wrecks communities and planet
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1508:
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1328:
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882:
753:
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594:
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to enhance human power. Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of cost-saving,
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144:
878:
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729:
368:
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74:
825:. As of 2002, there were 591 million automobiles worldwide. Other users of roads include
678:, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to railroad train
388:
refers to the moving of people, animals, and other goods from one place to another, and
1720:
1547:
1388:
1168:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1448:, by Scott Mayerowitz, Assoc. Press Airlines Writer. Houston Chron., November 17, 2014.
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is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on
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emissions were made at ground level, because of different atmospheric chemistry and
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and has been a topic of research and governmental concern for many years.
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sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but
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Different types of transportation such as air, water, and land transport
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is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a
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702:. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as a
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is the collective name for small electric powered vehicles.
817:
The most common road vehicle in the developed world is the
1684:
1460:"Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate change"
1145:
Comparison of the transport mode by distance travelled
1044:
A transport mode is a combination of the following:
892:
Water transport is the process of transport that a
492:. For short distances or in places without runways,
853:provide special areas of road for bicycles to use.
821:, a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own
504:, are not a significant portion of air transport.)
1708:
1706:
1704:
1637:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
810:Trams, lorries, cars, bicycles and rickshaws, 1945
1439:Why airfare keeps rising despite lower oil prices
732:are long-haul services connecting cities; modern
429:for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in
359:. Other modes of transport also exist, including
1389:Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to the US
1384:
1382:
760:, requiring manual loading and unloading of the
561:, is the transport of people and/or goods using
496:can be operable. (Other types of aircraft, like
1458:Cohen, S.; Higham, J.; Cavaliere, C. (2011).
1192:Passenger km per capita in different regions
312:
8:
944:and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.
752:, often making up the backbone of a city's
1685:"Zipline - Lifesaving Deliveries by Drone"
667:on the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway
319:
305:
29:
932:are propelled by large pusher-prop fans.
645:. It consists of 2 kinds, rail and road.
517:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1190:
1132:: driving, management, traffic signals,
1012:; some of these are also categorized as
849:give priority for public transport, and
1406:The Future of Air Transport White Paper
1340:
553:remains common in developing countries.
421:Animal-powered transport is the use of
167:
44:
37:
1743:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1736:
513:aviation's impacts to the environment
7:
1599:Can we kick our addiction to flying?
1492:Cohen, S. A.; Higham, J. E. (2011).
1122:Propulsion system and power supply (
756:. Freight trains traditionally used
726:, though not as efficient as ships.
616:; even the air can be entered with
557:Human powered transport, a form of
1428:(2000), Cambridge University Press
706:. Also, a train can be powered by
25:
1040:Components of a mode of transport
1153:
1119:A stationary or mobile workforce
455:Environmental impact of aviation
288:
1:
1588:. The Guardian. 22 Dec. 2009.
1049:Transportation infrastructure
565:muscle-power, in the form of
1479:10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.013
964:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
1284:Air (domestic except World)
926:internal combustion engines
1781:
1601:Guardian, UK. 24 May 2010.
1467:Annals of Tourism Research
871:
771:
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633:
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559:sustainable transportation
539:
448:
414:
403:, transport operators and
1513:10.1080/13683501003653387
1501:Current Issues in Tourism
1319:Green transport hierarchy
1162:This section needs to be
221:Green transport hierarchy
1214:GDP (PPP) per capita (€)
908:were developed, using a
904:In the 1800s, the first
417:Animal-powered transport
377:animal-powered transport
60:Armored fighting vehicle
1309:Alternatives to car use
1030:Unmanned aerial vehicle
551:Human-powered transport
542:Human-powered transport
471:London Heathrow Airport
373:Human-powered transport
279:Transportation planning
191:Alternatives to car use
1556:10.1098/rsta.2008.0138
979:
920:. Some ships, such as
889:
811:
803:
791:
668:
618:human-powered aircraft
554:
473:
433:, to pull watercraft,
206:Cycling infrastructure
196:Bicycle transportation
100:Personal rapid transit
1597:Rosenthal E. (2010).
972:Prudhoe Bay Oil Field
961:
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797:
786:(Interstate 80) near
781:
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630:Ground transportation
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259:Sustainable transport
216:Free public transport
788:Berkeley, California
295:Transport portal
1661:Stopford, 1997: 8–9
1652:Stopford, 1997: 4–6
1584:Jenkins S. (2009).
1548:2008RSPTA.366.3863A
1542:(1882): 3863–3882.
1349:"mode of transport"
1193:
1138:air traffic control
478:fixed-wing aircraft
186:Accessibility level
110:Powered exoskeleton
33:Part of a series on
18:Transportation mode
1444:2014-11-20 at the
1353:Collins Dictionary
1191:
1134:railway signalling
983:Pipeline transport
980:
942:short sea shipping
890:
812:
804:
792:
669:
636:Off-road transport
555:
474:
391:means of transport
357:off-road transport
105:Pipeline transport
1765:Transport by mode
1300:
1299:
1183:
1182:
1073:airport terminals
936:transcontinental
784:Eastshore Freeway
700:trackside systems
610:watercraft rowing
591:physical exercise
525:radiative forcing
349:rails or railways
347:, which includes
333:mode of transport
329:
328:
16:(Redirected from
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1719:. Archived from
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1473:(3): 1070–1089.
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1329:Street hierarchy
1216:(for comparison)
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754:public transport
730:Intercity trains
724:energy efficient
595:environmentalism
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274:Transport divide
145:Uncrewed vehicle
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1446:Wayback Machine
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1395:April 28, 2009.
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1020:Space transport
994:Cable transport
987:pneumatic tubes
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868:Water Transport
790:, United States
782:Traffic on the
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449:Main articles:
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365:cable transport
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1689:flyzipline.com
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1507:(4): 323–335.
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998:aerial tramway
976:Valdez, Alaska
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887:Split, Croatia
874:Ship transport
872:Main article:
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774:Road transport
772:Main article:
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750:rapid transits
672:Rail transport
655:Rail transport
653:Main article:
650:
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643:urban planning
628:Main article:
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624:Land Transport
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540:Main article:
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490:cargo aircraft
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415:Main article:
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385:transportation
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705:
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701:
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656:
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621:
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606:inline skates
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
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552:
548:
543:
536:Human powered
535:
533:
531:
530:hypermobility
526:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:and military
487:
483:
479:
472:
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445:Air Transport
444:
442:
440:
437:, or wheeled
436:
432:
428:
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410:
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199:
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194:
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189:
187:
184:
182:
181:Accessibility
179:
177:
176:9-Euro-Ticket
174:
173:
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166:
161:
158:
156:
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151:
148:
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115:Rapid transit
113:
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108:
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101:
98:
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93:
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86:
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80:Human-powered
78:
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63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
51:
50:
47:
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1728:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
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1648:
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1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
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1187:
1184:
1171:
1163:
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1018:
992:
981:
951:
934:
914:paddle wheel
910:steam engine
903:
891:
855:
816:
813:
802:and bicycles
728:
720:gas turbines
698:supplied by
670:
639:
599:
581:has allowed
556:
506:
480:, typically
475:
427:pack animals
420:
389:
383:
382:In general,
381:
332:
330:
45:
1674:, 1998: 280
1627:, 1998: 278
1614:, 1998: 279
1376:, 1998: 281
1324:Modal share
1233:Private car
1095:motorcycles
1091:automobiles
1016:transport.
948:Other modes
918:bunker fuel
912:to drive a
851:cycle lanes
843:pedestrians
827:motorcycles
714:, gravity,
696:electricity
494:helicopters
469:landing at
467:Airbus A318
211:Engineering
201:Cyclability
1730:2006-05-26
1694:2019-04-11
1643:and p. 32.
1335:References
1130:Operations
1083:containers
1034:Amazon.com
1024:spacecraft
930:hovercraft
922:submarines
906:steamboats
894:watercraft
819:automobile
716:pneumatics
684:locomotive
676:rail track
634:See also:
579:technology
509:jet stream
464:Air France
405:operations
155:Velomobile
130:Supersonic
1639:2007, p.
1521:154791383
1250:Bus/coach
1010:ski lifts
1006:escalator
1002:elevators
970:from the
968:crude oil
883:Car ferry
847:bus lanes
577:. Modern
498:autogyros
486:airliners
361:pipelines
269:Timetable
39:Transport
1759:Category
1739:cite web
1564:18757271
1442:Archived
1303:See also
1124:traction
1115:aircraft
1079:Vehicles
1065:stations
1057:networks
1014:conveyor
966:conveys
938:shipping
839:bicycles
768:Roadways
758:box cars
746:tramways
742:commuter
738:Regional
680:consists
649:Railways
602:bicycles
583:machines
575:swimming
502:airships
482:airplane
451:Aviation
439:vehicles
401:vehicles
264:Timeline
245:Personal
150:Vactrain
1670:Cooper
1623:Cooper
1610:Cooper
1572:8242255
1544:Bibcode
1372:Cooper
1358:14 July
1267:Railway
1164:updated
1075:), etc.
663:German
587:leisure
571:running
567:walking
240:Private
231:Outline
226:History
160:Walking
65:Bicycle
1672:et al.
1625:et al.
1612:et al.
1570:
1562:
1519:
1424:IPCC,
1374:et al.
1262:1,200
1245:2,700
1239:33,200
1236:10,100
1228:7,500
1225:26,000
1222:28,600
1219:19,000
1209:World
1140:, etc.
1113:, and
1107:trains
1103:wagons
1099:trucks
835:trucks
712:cables
708:horses
694:or by
692:diesel
614:skiing
593:, and
367:, and
343:, and
250:Public
236:Public
168:Topics
1724:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1568:S2CID
1517:S2CID
1497:(PDF)
1463:(PDF)
1290:2,800
1276:2,900
1253:1,050
1242:6,200
1206:Japan
1199:EU 15
1111:ships
858:noise
831:buses
823:motor
798:Bus,
762:cargo
688:steam
665:ICE 1
563:human
435:sleds
431:teams
341:water
135:Train
125:Space
90:Water
75:Cable
46:Modes
1745:link
1560:PMID
1360:2023
1296:480
1081:and
1061:hubs
1008:and
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898:hull
860:and
841:and
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748:and
740:and
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604:and
573:and
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140:Tram
120:Road
85:Land
1552:doi
1540:366
1509:doi
1475:doi
1293:580
1287:860
1279:32
1270:750
1259:740
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885:in
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