694:
1361:
678:
1346:
1127:
543:
575:
589:
328:
977:(to the south of the Duero), a poor and sparsely populated zone, although it possessed a certain strategic value in terms of the defense of the passes of the Duero valley. During the time of the union of the two crowns, the question of who owned these areas was of little importance; however, upon the death of Alphonse VII and the division of his possession amongst his sons, continuous conflicts arose over the control of the area, especially
558:
882:
64:
72:
56:
1376:
425:
materials. While this
Miocene conglomerate emerges from the banks of each river terrace, the quartzite in the conglomerate on the TT-2 platform, just northwest of the municipality of Siete Iglesias de Trabancos, likely derives from the action of the Duero River rather than the Trabancos River, as a
944:
side (near the
Trabancos) than on the Leonese side (near the River Guareña). This has been seen as indicative of a certain independence on the part of the militia of the Community of Medina del Campo and surrounding areas, which was thereby forced to defend itself without outside help, while the
438:
carve-out intrudes 4 to 6 meters into the Duero River terrace designated TD-7 (+74/80 m) to the northwest of Siete
Iglesias de Trabancos village. Likewise, the TT-2 fluvial terrace of Trabancos cuts some Duero River terraces. Since the previously mentioned Duero River terrace named TD-7 has been
1326:) in the region appear to be diminishing. Although not all the species protected in this ZEPA SPA can be listed, the protected area is a migratory crossing site and wintertime nesting area that, along with the Riberas de Castronuño (Valladolid) nature reserve, is frequented by many waterfowl (
912:. At least two categories of torrejones can be identified: The first have small peepholes in their walls and are built in regions that were in isolated areas at the time of use, and the other are small castles located in what were rural farming villages (though today they are
878:) that were dated to the 11th century; that is to say, previous to any official resettlement. Specifically, more than ten defensive structures of various sizes were verified along the course of the Trabancos River in the province of Valladolid.
919:
Nevertheless, the typological similarity of the structures and the relatively short distance between them (ideal for visual communication), has led some to think that they were on opposite sides of the frontier line between the
Kingdoms of
973:(1126–1157), made a series of internal territorial changes that transferred Leonese territories to the Crown of Castille: specifically, The Tierra de Campos to the north of the Duero, an area valued at the time for its riches, and the
1471:
Pérez-González, A. (1982). "El
Cuaternario de la región central de la Cuenca del Duero y sus principales rasgos geomorfológicos". Temas Geológico-Mineros IV. Actas de la 1ª Reunión Regional sobre la Geología de la Cuenca del Duero
1434:
Pérez-González, A. (1982). "El
Cuaternario de la región central de la Cuenca del Duero y sus principales rasgos geomorfológicos". Temas Geológico-Mineros IV. Actas de la 1ª Reunión Regional sobre la Geología de la Cuenca del Duero
433:
The fact that the river terraces of the
Trabancos River cut and cross some terraces of the Duero River indicates the affected Duero River terraces are younger than those not formed from activity of the waters of this river. The
443:, meaning the river terraces of Trabancos River are younger than the "Superficie de Alaejos", it appears plausible that this postdates the creation of Trabancos valley: the proposed date could, thus, be halfway through the
1182:
Although the designation also includes a portion of the Guareña River's course to the west, and the
Zapardiel River's course to the east, the Trabancos River ZEPA SPA designated area is the largest in the
851:, little emphasis was placed on resettling the region, as it was essential for the sovereigns of the time to consolidate more strategic zones (in the 11th century, priority was placed on the south of the
1030:
The logical conclusion of these events was that the border was heavily militarized, involving the building of castles and reinforcements of troops in the areas surrounding the
Trabancos River, with some
1035:
being erected in the west, such as in
Alaejos. Paradoxically, the wars increased the value of the region, and for the first time there began to appear documents recording the area in the files of the
632:), but they are not well preserved, having been situated on the surface of the terrain. Such remains consist of, for instance, broken pieces of comb-decorated pottery that appear to date from Spain's
996:, with a vicious battle taking place even on the shores of the Trabancos River itself. Of particular note is an encounter in 1179 between Leonese and Castilian forces, just outside the Fortress of
896:
Almost all the torrejones are in areas now uninhabited (except those in Castrejón and Alaejos, both of which were turned into castles, in later history). The torrejones were relatively simple
820:, the area remained a zone of little interest. No written documents exist prior to the 12th century that mention the region. It is known, however, that between 711 and 740 AD the
969:, despite its history as a fortified border from the tenth century, the area was unimportant until the thirteenth. The King of the (now united) Kingdom of Castile and Leon,
324:. This is the result of a hard slope in the opposite margin, where the terrain is heavily eroded, which renders the formation and maintenance of river terraces impossible.
1078:
This last date, 1265, corresponds to a document found in the 'Book of Loans' of Salamanca cathedral, which records the result of a new conflict: the battle between the
609:. It has been suggested by some that this is a result of the severity of the land and weather in the Trabancos valley and its surrounding regions. Possibly, during the
187:, near Blascomillán. The Trabancos is at an elevation of approximately 1,100 metres (3,600 ft), is approximately 85 kilometres (53 mi) long and, although its
2101:
2023:
1824:
1667:
1618:
1557:
1232:, which are only water-filled during the winter. From a conservation standpoint, such ponds, like nearby segments of the Trabancos River's banks, are in a precarious
2227:
792:), but only at ground level, and not from archaeological excavation. Another municipality crossed by the Trabancos River is Nava del Rey (a small town located in
1399:
1206:
purposes. The areas of ecological interest are found in the remaining 3% percent of the terrain. The region is characterized by tilled land and pastures, small
1106:
Looking at the Trabancos today and at a time when it is dry, it might seem preposterous that at one time it held a position of strategic importance for the
636:. There are few other examples of prehistoric findings directly along the Trabancos river. However, in the surrounding regions, such as the municipality of
370:
is quite well preserved as well, although it has been more heavily sculptured by other small tributaries of the Trabancos River. By contrast, terrace
1406:
722:
757:
Province. Nevertheless, it is known that in the Vallisoletan area, there were several villages that probably are of pre-Roman origin. In fact, the
2237:
1571:
Benito Álvarez, José-Manuel y Benito Álvarez, Félix (1982). "Investigaciones arqueológicas en el curso medio/final del valle del río Trabancos".
394:, the stream stops to form river terraces, cutting traversely and lowering enough (between 40 and 60 meters) to meet the terrace deposits of the
2222:
2151:
725:(152 BC), but the area was peripheral to the regions of principal occupation, as well as to the creation of early towns and more importantly,
648:
sites that have been dated to the Bronze Age. In addition, some prehistoric remains have been found near the mouth of the Trabancos River, in
2212:
940:
were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries due to conflicts between the two kingdoms; but it appears that they are more plentiful on the
1160:
993:
485:
1008:. But in fact peace came to a swift end in the year 1183, when the Kings of Castille and Leon made camp on the outskirts of the towns of
297:("The Plateau of Alaejos", after a nearby village). The Alaejos Plateau incorporates a number of different types of materials, including
2135:
475:
2085:
2050:
1949:
1916:
1847:
1756:
1723:
1694:
1525:
1172:
2173:
542:
362:
is the best preserved of the lot; although its height on the bed of the stream is not constant, it clearly stands out on the
293:
present along the middle and final courses of the Trabancos River. The scientist Alfredo Pérez-Gonzalez named this formation
886:
Map showing distribution of medieval forts in the border region between the Kingdoms of Castile and León in the 12th century
1090:
struggles to take possession of the towns of Medina del Campo, provoking a conflict of interest since the region was under
693:
588:
2232:
1259:) in Castile and León (with more than 200 mating pairs). It is also the winter season nesting ground of more than 1,500
1115:
941:
461:
importance, at least until the 13th century, it played an important role in the history of the North Spanish Plateau.
1015:
After the death of Ferdinand II, fighting resumed (interspersed with a short truce in 1204 thanks to the marriage of
1795:
Mañanes, T. y Valbuena, F (1977). "Torres y fortalezas medievales al sur del Duero en la provincia de Valladolid".
1360:
1086:
to the east of the Trabancos; an area that hitherto had been accorded little worth. Salamanca had made use of the
557:
1068:
913:
250:
Archeological research in areas that surround the Trabancos River, between the villages of Castrejón and Pollos (
677:
2217:
2130:
1891:
1252:
1171:
of bird species threatened with extinction, in accordance with the criteria established by the community board
1024:
1019:
of León to his niece, Berenguela of Castile); but the marriage was annulled by her father because of the close
867:
574:
235:, follows a NNE-SSW direction. As shown in the graph below, the fault separates material laid down during the
729:: most travel routes were in the east of this region, which followed the river Eresma from the town of Coca (
2118:
1422:. From the Spanish-language Knowledge (XXG). Retrieved April 10, 2006 and including the internal references:
1149:
1005:
970:
320:
The terraces of the Trabancos River only occur on the left hand side of the valley. Their sediments overlie
1345:
406:
1804:
1596:
1481:
1444:
1198:
The designated region is largely uninhabited —97% of the area is agricultural land, with an emphasis on
1132:
871:
793:
789:
769:
641:
629:
580:
505:
are found on the surface (not as a result of archeological excavation), including centripetally knapped
490:
379:
251:
208:
140:
123:
1517:
1094:
rule, and Salamanca belonged to the crown of León. In fact, the Salmantinos created new parishes, like
1016:
832:
that occurred sometime between 750 and 753 AD. Only the most important centers of habitation survived (
175:
is a river in Spain that flows between the Zapardiel and the Guareña rivers, and is a tributary of the
1366:
1308:
1272:
1214:
1195:. In all, 73% of the territory of the Trabancos ZEPA SPA corresponds to the province of Valladolid.
1168:
1140:
1131:
Map showing the ZEPA SPA designated territory. The red-colored area corresponds to the province of
950:
518:
480:
232:
184:
119:
1126:
2095:
2001:
1959:
1895:
1766:
1645:
1535:
1091:
1009:
925:
776:
have been unearthed and there was also an archaeological excavation in the 1980s that revealed a
444:
440:
2074:
Sanz-Zuasti, Joaquín; Arranz Sanz, José Ángel; Molina García, Ignacio y Sánchez, Carlos (2004).
921:
327:
2143:
2081:
2046:
1945:
1912:
1843:
1752:
1719:
1690:
1584:
1521:
897:
856:
805:
494:
1988:
Martin Martín, J.L.; Villar García, L.M.; Marcos Rodríguez, F y Sánchez Rodríguez, M (1977).
493:), dating from the Quaternary period, and have been further pinpointed as originating in the
1292:
1192:
1107:
982:
860:
833:
510:
355:
254:) have been compared with the specialized bibliography and the published geological charts (
2016:
1974:
1817:
1781:
1660:
1637:
1611:
1550:
1494:
1457:
881:
852:
683:
192:
84:
2159:
1319:
1280:
1187:, since it covers almost 1,400 square kilometres, including the Campo de Peñaranda (in
1164:
1040:
781:
333:
228:
216:
374:
is greatly eroded; although some sections survive to the south of the municipality of
63:
2206:
1875:
1350:
1248:
1020:
821:
522:
339:
259:
243:
epoch on the left margin. The surface level represents material deposited during the
800:
and a striking plate fragment with red gloss, resembling those that were carried by
71:
1413:
1327:
1268:
1199:
1184:
1001:
870:, who investigated the Trabancos valley and Guareña area, found numerous defensive
726:
718:
595:
563:
514:
498:
427:
837:
2039:
Historia de Castilla y León, vol IV: La afirmación de los Reinos (siglos XI-XIII)
1579:
de Investigación Juvenil. III Encuentro Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores,
761:
of the word 'Trabancos' suggests a name originating before the Roman occupation.
1304:
966:
848:
841:
817:
797:
773:
721:
likely came to the Trabancos region in the 2nd century, during the campaigns of
653:
549:
506:
470:
457:
395:
267:
203:
From its source in the province of Ávila, to its mouth in the village of Pollos
662:
17:
2077:
La red de zonas de especial protección para las aves (ZEPA) de Castilla y León
2042:
1990:
Documentos del archivo catedralicio y diocesano de Salamanca (siglos XI y XII)
1748:
1715:
1686:
1251:(more than 2000); as well as having the largest reproductive concentration of
1233:
1203:
901:
777:
746:
645:
363:
279:
244:
188:
2188:
2175:
1588:
1012:
and Fresno el Viejo (both towns in the Province of Valladolid) respectively.
1941:
1580:
1473:
1436:
1335:
1225:
1221:
1188:
1148:
The middle and final course of the river Trabancos has been included in the
1136:
1044:
1036:
929:
905:
801:
758:
754:
534:
502:
422:
417:, most likely cut by the Trabancos River ages ago, and cemented together by
414:
383:
314:
302:
236:
162:
114:
1419:
430:
that deposited quartzite on the fluvial fossil river bed of the Trabancos.
180:
55:
1380:
1260:
1087:
1083:
1079:
946:
937:
788:
times. Similar remains of late Roman pottery, have been found in Carpio (
785:
738:
657:
633:
618:
610:
606:
298:
224:
220:
1375:
1191:), the Moraña (in Ávila) and, especially, a large part of the Tierra de
1510:
Las industrias paleolíticas de la Maya I en su ámbito regional (E.A.E.)
1048:
875:
829:
708:
Archaeological remains of pottery found near the Trabancos river basin
598:
566:
526:
402:
321:
240:
191:
is stable, only has a constant water flow during and immediately after
1911:. Vol. I. Historia de Medina del Campo y su tierra. p. 148.
1842:. Vol. I. Historia de Medina del Campo y su tierra. p. 150.
1402:. From the Spanish-language Knowledge (XXG). Retrieved April 10, 2006.
988:
The wars over the area intensified between 1178 and 1181. The Leonese
828:, but the majority of these peoples left the area because of a severe
605:
Only ambiguous archaeological evidence has been found dating from the
1712:
Arqueología Vallisoletana (I): La Tierra de Campos y el Sur del Duero
1683:
Arqueología Vallisoletana (I): La Tierra de Campos y el Sur del Duero
1296:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1118:). However, the area's archaeological heritage is fast disappearing.
1032:
750:
614:
613:
the territory was a no-man's-land between the Hispanic tribes of the
410:
310:
306:
96:
1741:
La Extremadura Castellano-Leonesa: guerreros, clérigos y campesinos
1236:
state. Nevertheless, the areas are still capable of sustaining the
1023:
of the spouses. Finally, the Crowns of both kingdoms were taken by
965:
As indicated at the start of the discussion of the area during the
624:
Some archaeological remains have been found in the municipality of
426:
slope in the terrain is thought to have caused the formation of an
1374:
1359:
1344:
1331:
1237:
1125:
909:
825:
473:
human habitation has been unearthed in hillsides in some areas of
439:
dated by Alfredo Pérez-González (op.cit.) to the beginning of the
418:
326:
176:
158:
134:
89:
1937:
1883:
1288:
1241:
1207:
336:
that affects the middle and final courses of the Trabancos River
215:) region, the course of the Trabancos is markedly affected by a
2165:
1513:
1300:
455:
Although the eastern portion of the river is of insignificant
239:
epoch on the right margin, from material laid down during the
29:
2080:. Náyade for the Junta de Castilla y León. pp. 308–313.
537:
culture found in the fluvial quaternary terraces of Trabancos
346:
Of the previously mentioned river terraces, the one known as
644:), archaeological investigation has unearthed several human
70:
62:
54:
936:("Zorita on the Border") in memory of those times). These
497:
era. At both sites, collections of lithic stone artifacts
1412:
Pearson Education, publishing as Fact Monster 2000–2006.
1247:
The Trabancos region stands out for its concentration of
945:
Leonese side would have been able to rely on the help of
2041:. Barcelona: Ámbito ediciones, www.ambitoediciones.com (
1576:
1175:
and subsequent modifications by the (Directiva de Aves)
289:
The right hand margin of the designated chart depicts a
2075:
1799:. Boletín del seminario de Arte y Arqueología: 111–126.
1334:, etc.), some of which even take advantage of the area
1993:
1744:
981:, but also, though less importantly, over the area of
796:), where, once again, are found superficial pieces of
957:, billeted in Castronuño and Torrecilla de la Orden.
382:), they are very difficult to differentiate from the
961:
Trabancos River area becomes strategically important
401:
The TT-3 platform features a very compact and thick
1508:Santonja, Manuel y Pérez González, Alfredo (1984).
1244:commensurate with a natural riverside environment.
1082:of Salamanca and Segovia for the possession of the
1303:, and others. The region is also host to numerous
1055:("Seven Churches at Trabancos") in 1178, Alaejos (
698:Roman plate found near the Village of Nava del Rey
262:as follows, on the left hand margin of the chart:
1400:Zonas de especial protección para las aves (ZEPA)
992:was heavily defended, thanks to the Fortress of
866:Nevertheless, Tomas Mañanes, a professor at the
855:, a mountain range located in the center of the
772:) several pieces of typical Roman pottery named
1287:; almost 150 mating pairs), but there are also
1220:, with interspersed wasteland areas covered in
1870:were referred to different sorts of fortress:
1167:as natural zones of special interest for the
266:(the most ancient, at +35/40 meters over the
8:
2100:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1518:Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Archivos
1318:Despite their importance, the population of
733:, in Roman times) and Matapozuelos village (
670:pottery, both featuring incised decoration.
390:. Entering into land in the municipality of
33:
1061:Eván de Arriba, Eván de Abajo, Valdefuentes
1000:(Castrejón), which led to the signing of a
286:(at +10 meters, the last and most recent).
904:structures, with several floors, built of
824:had stationed troops in the valley of the
753:road"), the most important Roman route in
258:). This produced identified a sequence of
2070:Zona Especial de Protección para las Aves
2022:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1890:is referred to a keep that belonged to a
1823:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1666:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1617:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1556:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
38:
2152:Siete Iglesias de Trabancos (Valladolid)
1634:Carta arqueológica de España: Valladolid
1338:ponds for nesting during humid winters.
1185:Autonomous Community of Castile and León
880:
874:or "Torrejones" (according to the local
692:
676:
156:
53:
1426:
892:Character and purpose of the Torrejones
863:remained intact into the 12th century.
531:
274:(the second one at +25/30 meters); the
2093:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1909:Medina del Campo en la Alta Edad Media
1840:Medina del Campo en la Alta Edad Media
1813:
1802:
1776:
1775:
1764:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1490:
1479:
1453:
1442:
1004:between Alphonse VIII of Castille and
7:
1878:founded by a knight named Nuño; and
533:Lithic artifacts and tools from the
179:. The source of the Trabancos is in
1739:Villar García; Luis Miguel (1986).
1632:Palol, P. y Wattemberg, F. (1974).
1228:ponds; a characteristic of Spanish
2228:Geography of the Province of Ávila
1224:bushes. There are also many small
205:("Village of Chickens" in Spanish)
25:
2072:) is the Spanish term for SPA.
2037:Martin Martín; José Luis (1985).
1932:Martin Martín; José Luis (1984).
1896:Order of the Hospital of St. John
1714:. Institución cultural Simancas (
1685:. Institución cultural Simancas (
1159:ZEPA SPAs, are catalogued by the
768:site (municipality of Castrejón,
652:village that originated from the
509:, others displaying non-arranged
101:85.86 kilometres (53.35 mi)
1135:, and the orange corresponds to
955:Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
587:
573:
556:
541:
227:that, like most of the observed
1383:gathering for the winter season
1340:
1051:including documents regarding:
672:
451:History of the Trabancos region
338:as well as the sequence of its
183:, a region in the north of the
2238:Tributaries of the Douro River
1110:, and also, for the so-called
1098:in 1167, and Alaejos in 1185.
656:. These include relics of the
1:
1934:La Península en la Edad Media
1025:King Ferdinand III of Castile
745:); and at the west, for the "
332:Cross section, depicting the
109:1,120 metres (3,670 ft)
2213:History of Spain by location
151:
132:
118:
108:
100:
1907:Ruiz Asencio, J.M. (1986).
1838:Ruiz Asencio, J.M. (1986).
1416:. Retrieved April 10, 2006.
1409:. Retrieved April 10, 2006.
1267:). There are also numerous
1096:Siete Iglesias de Trabancos
1053:Siete Iglesias de Trabancos
626:Siete iglesias de Trabancos
517:characteristic of both the
486:Siete Iglesias de Trabancos
152:657 metres (2,156 ft)
2254:
2223:Rivers of Castile and León
2163:, por Alfonso Balmori para
1886:. Consequently, the name
1718:). pp. 72–73 and 82.
1173:Birds Directive 79/409/CEE
1102:Trabancos River area today
1253:black-bellied sandgrouses
1177:"Aviary Regulation Board"
1152:(SPA or in Spanish ZEPA)
975:alfoz de Medina del Campo
798:terra sigillata hispanica
774:terra sigillata hispanica
686:) found in Pollos village
32:
2136:Eván de Abajo in English
1994:Universidad de Salamanca
1745:Junta de Castilla y León
1638:Diputación de Valladolid
1583:, 1982: 17–18, 208–215.
1476:1979): 733 and cuadro 3.
1271:; the most abundant are
1108:town of Medina del Campo
1059:) in 1167, and in 1180,
868:University of Valladolid
723:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
521:and Kombewa techniques,
278:(at +15 meters over the
2119:List of rivers of Spain
1710:Mañanes, Tomás (1979).
1681:Mañanes, Tomás (1979).
1279:, 50 mating pairs) and
1150:Special Protection Area
1114:(the wildest border of
1112:"Extremadura Catellana"
1075:in 1265, among others.
737:in Roman times), up to
436:"superficie de Alaejos"
309:with rounded stones of
295:"Superficie de Alaejos"
1894:, specifically to the
1888:Torrecilla de la Orden
1862:In old Spanish, both,
1812:Cite journal requires
1573:Cuadernos de I.N.I.C.E
1489:Cite journal requires
1452:Cite journal requires
1405:Michelin 2001 - 2006.
1385:
1370:
1355:
1156:(Land of champaigns).
1145:
932:there is a town names
888:
700:
688:
411:river-smoothed pebbles
386:floor that covers the
343:
213:"confluence of waters"
75:
67:
59:
1944:). pp. 360–362.
1514:Ministerio de Cultura
1407:map of Ávila Province
1378:
1363:
1348:
1129:
934:Zorita de la Frontera
884:
696:
680:
388:Superficie de Alaejos
350:is only visible near
330:
199:Fluvial geomorphology
74:
66:
58:
2233:Rivers of Valladolid
2166:El Norte de Castilla
2161:La Sed del Trabancos
1393:References and notes
1367:red-legged partridge
1309:red-legged partridge
1257:Pterocles orientalis
1006:Ferdinand II of León
666:pottery, as well as
2185: /
1689:). pp. 83–85.
951:Knights Hospitaller
476:Narros del Castillo
352:Narros del Castillo
252:Valladolid province
219:originating in the
141:Valladolid province
106:Elevation at source
1520:. pp. 90–97.
1414:Geologic Timescale
1386:
1371:
1356:
1273:Montagu's harriers
1204:irrigation farming
1154:Tierra de Campiñas
1146:
1021:blood-relationship
889:
849:Christian conquest
806:military campaigns
784:or, perhaps, from
701:
689:
658:Spanish Bronze Age
445:Middle Pleistocene
441:Middle Pleistocene
344:
149:Elevation at mouth
76:
68:
60:
2009:External link in
1967:External link in
1774:External link in
1653:External link in
1604:External link in
1543:External link in
1390:
1389:
1071:), together with
1069:deserted villages
857:Iberian Peninsula
802:Roman legionaries
709:
705:
704:
607:late Roman period
495:Lower Paleolithic
322:Miocene sediments
299:red argillic soil
185:province of Ávila
169:
168:
165:
144:
49:
48:
16:(Redirected from
2245:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
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2189:41.449°N 5.184°W
2186:
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1193:Medina del Campo
1122:ZEPA designation
983:Medina del Campo
979:Tierra de Campos
949:troops, and the
861:Medina del Campo
859:), which is why
834:Medina del Campo
782:late Roman times
707:
673:
611:pre-Roman period
591:
577:
560:
545:
511:lithic reduction
503:Acheulean period
193:torrential rains
157:
137:near the Village
133:
43:
34:
30:
21:
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2218:Rivers of Spain
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1966:
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1938:Editorial Teide
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1281:lesser kestrels
1277:Circus pygargus
1144:
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1067:(which are now
963:
894:
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853:Sistema Central
814:
812:The Middle Ages
747:Vía de la Plata
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684:Terra sigillata
682:Roman pottery (
601:
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465:Prehistoric era
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39:
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18:Trabancos River
15:
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2194:41.449; -5.184
2169:
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2144:El Ajo (Ávila)
2138:
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2126:
2125:External links
2123:
2122:
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2086:
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1980:
1950:
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1892:military order
1855:
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1814:|journal=
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1285:Falco naumanni
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1165:European Union
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233:geological era
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1351:Great bustard
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668:Proto-Cogotas
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515:lithic flakes
513:, as well as
512:
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284:TT-4 platform
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276:TT-3 platform
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264:TT-1 platform
261:
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209:Vallisoletana
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36:
35:
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19:
2170:
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2157:(in Spanish)
2149:(in Spanish)
2141:(in Spanish)
2076:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2038:
2032:
1989:
1983:
1933:
1927:
1908:
1902:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1839:
1833:
1805:cite journal
1796:
1790:
1740:
1734:
1711:
1705:
1682:
1676:
1633:
1627:
1597:cite journal
1572:
1566:
1509:
1503:
1482:cite journal
1466:
1445:cite journal
1429:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1284:
1276:
1264:
1256:
1246:
1200:cereal crops
1197:
1181:
1176:
1169:conservation
1158:
1153:
1147:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1077:
1073:Nava del Rey
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
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1014:
1002:peace treaty
997:
989:
987:
978:
974:
971:Alphonse VII
964:
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846:
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727:trade routes
716:
667:
661:
649:
637:
625:
623:
604:
596:lithic flake
564:Lithic flake
548:Centripetal
507:lithic cores
501:during the
484:
474:
469:Evidence of
468:
458:hydrographic
456:
454:
435:
432:
428:alluvial fan
407:conglomerate
400:
391:
387:
375:
371:
367:
359:
351:
347:
345:
319:
294:
290:
288:
283:
275:
271:
263:
255:
249:
223:—likely pre-
221:Tertiary era
212:
204:
202:
172:
170:
77:
40:
2192: /
1868:Castro-Nuño
1202:and other
1179:of the EU.
1017:Alphonse IX
967:Middle Ages
847:During the
842:Tordesillas
818:Middle Ages
713:Roman times
654:Duero River
550:lithic core
471:prehistoric
396:Duero River
358:). Terrace
305:buildup of
282:); and the
268:flood plain
177:Duero river
139:of Pollos (
135:Duero River
130:River mouth
2207:Categories
2177:41°26′56″N
2043:Valladolid
1880:Torrecilla
1876:stronghold
1864:Torrecilla
1749:Valladolid
1716:Valladolid
1687:Valladolid
1353:in Alaejos
1234:ecological
1133:Valladolid
1037:cathedrals
994:Castronuño
938:fortresses
902:egg-shaped
836:, Olmedo,
794:Valladolid
790:Valladolid
786:Visigothic
778:necropolis
770:Valladolid
766:Lavachicha
743:Septimanca
642:Valladolid
630:Valladolid
491:Valladolid
483:), and in
447:or later.
409:formed of
380:Valladolid
366:. Terrace
364:floodplain
280:floodplain
245:Quaternary
124:Valladolid
2180:5°11′02″W
2096:cite book
2002:cite book
1960:cite book
1942:Barcelona
1767:cite book
1646:cite book
1589:0211-5875
1581:Salamanca
1536:cite book
1474:Salamanca
1437:Salamanca
1420:Trabancos
1381:Red kites
1336:ephemeral
1305:gamebirds
1261:red kites
1226:ephemeral
1222:halophile
1189:Salamanca
1137:Salamanca
1092:Castilian
1057:Falafeios
1045:Salamanca
942:Castilian
930:Salamanca
906:limestone
844:, etc.).
838:Alcazarén
759:etymology
755:Lusitania
535:Acheulean
519:Levallois
423:sandstone
415:quartzite
384:colluvium
315:quartzite
303:colluvium
237:Oligocene
189:river bed
173:Trabancos
163:Hydrology
115:Provinces
2113:See also
1365:Running
1293:goshawks
1215:holm oak
1088:frontier
1084:parishes
1080:dioceses
998:Cast'cam
914:deserted
739:Simancas
634:Iron Age
594:Another
527:handaxes
247:period.
231:of that
225:Pliocene
1872:Castro-
1297:falcons
1230:steppes
1163:of the
1116:Castile
1065:Pedroso
1049:Segovia
1033:castles
953:of the
926:Castile
876:dialect
872:turrets
830:drought
822:Berbers
816:In the
764:At the
735:Nivaria
663:Cogotas
646:burials
638:Alaejos
619:Vettoni
599:handaxe
581:Chopper
567:Handaxe
499:knapped
403:Miocene
376:Alaejos
307:gravels
270:); the
241:Miocene
207:in the
2084:
2049:
1948:
1915:
1882:was a
1874:was a
1846:
1755:
1722:
1693:
1587:
1524:
1328:cranes
1041:Zamora
1010:Carpio
898:square
751:silver
719:Romans
650:Pollos
615:Vaccei
525:, and
405:epoch
392:Pollos
311:quartz
301:and a
229:faults
181:Moraña
97:Length
1797:XLIII
1332:geese
1289:hawks
1242:fauna
1238:flora
1218:woods
1211:woods
1141:Ávila
947:Royal
910:brick
826:Duero
780:from
731:Cauca
481:Ávila
419:chalk
356:Ávila
334:fault
256:infra
159:River
120:Ávila
90:Spain
85:State
2102:link
2082:ISBN
2066:ZEPA
2047:ISBN
2024:link
2017:help
1975:help
1946:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1884:keep
1866:and
1844:ISBN
1825:link
1818:help
1782:help
1753:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1668:link
1661:help
1619:link
1612:help
1585:ISSN
1558:link
1551:help
1522:ISBN
1495:help
1458:help
1301:owls
1240:and
1213:and
1208:pine
1139:and
1063:and
1047:and
928:(in
924:and
922:León
749:" ("
717:The
617:and
421:and
372:TT-1
368:TT-2
360:TT-3
348:TT-4
313:and
171:The
122:and
2045:).
1315:).
1039:of
916:).
908:or
900:or
804:on
413:of
2209::
2098:}}
2094:{{
2006::
2004:}}
2000:{{
1992:.
1964::
1962:}}
1958:{{
1936:.
1809::
1807:}}
1803:{{
1771::
1769:}}
1765:{{
1743:.
1650::
1648:}}
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1636:.
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1599:}}
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1447:}}
1443:{{
1330:,
1299:,
1295:,
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