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209:, also correct the alignment of the rails to make them parallel and level, in order to achieve a more comfortable ride for passengers and freight and to reduce the mechanical strain applied to the rails by passing trains. This is done by finding places where the sleepers have sunk from the weight of the passing trains or frost action, causing the track to sag. The tamper lifts each sleeper and the rails up, and packs ballast underneath. When the sleeper is laid down again, the sagged rails now sit at the proper level. Combining tamping and lining into a single machine saves time and money, as only one machine needs to be run over the track to perform both functions.
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To ensure track geometry is corrected, most tamping machines use a two chord lining system (one for vertical alignment and one for horizontal alignment). The two chord system requires three reference trolleys fitted to the machine - usually called A point, B point and C point. Some machines will use
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When using this method, the tower operator positions A point anchorages according to existing track geometry measurements taken beforehand. Once A point has been positioned, it is then assumed that both A and C are in correct position as if machine were sitting on corrected track. The machine then
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All three points are individual rail trolleys able to freely move up, down, left and right independent of the machine chassis and hence follow any minor fluctuation in rail position. When working, the machine uses pneumatic cylinders to lightly push these trolleys into the selected datum rail both
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A point is always the front reference point and sits on uncorrected track. The anchorage for chords on A point are able to move to compensate for defects in track geometry - this is done by the "tower" operator. Depending on the chord system, the anchorages will be either a wire anchor or a light
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should be some distance apart so the each component can be tamped without having to immediately tamp the other components. However a majority of track components are right next to each other so that these components need to be tamped as a group in multiple small stages.
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The lifting, lining unit moves the rail and sleepers under the tamping unit into the desired vertical and horizontal position. At this stage, the desired position of the rails and sleeper will only be maintained as long as the lifting, lining unit holds the track in
491:, and in the UK and Europe is referred to as the 09-3X. This machine consists of a conventional CAT-style satellite with tooling for three sleepers in continuous succession, along with a full DTS stabilising unit suspended from the rear most vehicle in the machine.
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Starting in the 1930s, automatic tools for tamping were first developed and used, though they still had to be operated by hand. In the following decades, tamping machines were developed to automate the process, using dedicated machines that travelled on the rails.
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The tamping unit retracts to the rest position, slightly above the top of the rails. The track and sleeper are released by the lifting, lining unit and maintain their position thanks to the modification of the ballast done in the previous step of the
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B point is positioned as close as physically possible to the lifting lining unit. B point is used by the machine control system to position the track correctly using either potentiometers or optical filters, depending on type of chord system used.
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Tamping and cleaning operations have the adverse effect of reducing the resistance of the track to lateral movement. The resistance gradually recovers with the passage of trains, but may require a speed restriction imposed for the duration. This
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The lifting lining unit is usually secured to the main machine chassis via a hydraulically length-adjustable trailing arm. The arm is adjustable so that the unit can be moved clear of small obstructions such as insulated joints or wires.
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The tamping units drive vibrating and oscillating tines (35 Hz optimum) into the ballast on both sides of the sleeper parallel to the rails until squeezing depth is achieved. The rapidly vibrating and oscillating tines in effect
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In recent years, larger tamping machines have been developed that incorporate additional functions such as lining and lifting the rails on top of their tamping function. These are known in North
America as production tampers.
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C point is the rear-most measuring point and anchorage point for lifting and lining chords. Depending on type of chord system C point will be either wire anchor with a tensioning cylinder or a photoelectric light receiver.
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The vibrating tines are pushed together underneath the sleeper to pack ballast underneath the sleeper being held in position by the lifting, lining unit to ensure it holds position when released by the lifting, lining
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Plain line tamping machines: used on line sections which have no points or other complex track structures, commonly referred to as production machines, generally have fixed tamping head positions
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These are usually on the outside of each rail and utilize hydraulic cylinders to clamp onto the side of the railhead so that is locked to the unit chassis before lifting and lining is commenced
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The lifting lining unit of a tamping machine lifts and holds the track in corrected position while being tamped. All types of units require the following components to achieve this task:
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The stabilisation achieved by one pass of a DGS is equal to that achieved by 100,000 tonnes of traffic, and allows a speed restriction of 20 km/h to be relaxed to 40 km/h
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D.G.S. has a vibrating unit which holds the track in position and applies a horizontal vibration and vertical load to simulate the passage of trains. The track parameters (or
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But through tunnels and bridges with no ballast to tamp, special measures are needed to transition from the ballasted track to the unballasted track. An example would be the
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A less common method more often seen on tamping head attachments for excavators is to use a motor driven vibrator assembly that is directly bolted to the support frame.
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Switch tamping machines: used to tamp switches, crossings and other complex track structures, have movable tamping heads with ability to isolate heads when required.
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with the help of beaters. As well as being faster, more accurate, more efficient and less labour-intensive, tamping machines are essential for the use of
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determine whether one end of a crossover, consisting of two turnouts, can be tamped one at a time, with train traffic still running on the other track.
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Using a hydraulically driven eccentric shaft attached either to the end of the squeezing cylinders or acting as the pivot point for the squeezing arms
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Turnouts require a more complicated tamping machine with extra and adjustable tongs to cater for the extra rails and variable spacing of the
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The basic principles and functions of a tamping machine remain the same regardless of manufacturer with only minor differences in design.
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Tine mounts, can be either part of the squeezing arm or attached to it via a pin to allow swiveling depending on type of tamping machine
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479:(CAT) can pack between one and four sleepers at a time, with outputs between 320 m/h and 2600 m/h generally anticipated.
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Dynamic stabilisation is usually avoided on bridges or around overhead structures since there is a risk of damage to foundations.
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to make the tracks and roadbed more durable and level. Prior to the introduction of mechanical tampers, this task was done by
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DGS 62 N dynamic track stabilizer, followed by SSP 300 Regulator, then a
Plasser 09-16 CAT Continuous Action Tamper, in
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One cylinder on either side connecting the unit to main machine chassis and allowing the unit to lift track vertically
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To generate the vibration needed for penetration and consolidation there are two leading methods commonly used:
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Two horizontal cylinders between unit chassis and main machine chassis used to push/pull the track horizontally
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Plasser and
Theurer Track Geometry Maintenance Durability Seminar, Athens, 11 October 2011, Ing. Rudolf Becker
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to allow the crews to do their work. This process took quite a long time and was subject to human error.
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At its most basic, a tamping machine only packs the ballast. Some modern machines, sometimes known as
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On plain track everything is fairly straight forward and any brand and model of machine can be used.
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Retains correct track geometry for a longer period than was achievable using tamping machines alone
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using shovels and beaters to move, clean, and compact ballast. Rails would be jacked up with large
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Mounting or "guide" rods that allow the unit as a whole to move up and down in a linear motion
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The appropriate tamping procedures and tamping machine depends in part on the track layout.
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A set of tines either 8 or 16 per sleeper divided evenly between front and rear of sleeper
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since they are too heavy (usually over 250 kg or 550 lb) to be lifted by hand.
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A DTS will normally be used only after a stretch of track has been tamped and aligned.
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Dynamic track stabilising has the following advantages, resulting in enhanced safety:
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The tamping process from any type of tamper consists of the following basic steps:
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Tamper machines are built in many different varieties depending on their purpose:
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uses the lifting lining unit to move the rail and B point in line with A and C.
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Eliminates non-uniform initial differential settlements caused by rail traffic
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1080:"Plasser & Theurer: Machines - Stabilisation and consolidation: Overview"
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Using a special squeezing cylinder and valve assembly to oscillate the tines
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In the early days of railroading, the ballast was maintained by hand, with
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a fourth point between B and C to carry out quality control measurements.
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Cox, Steve (27 August – 9 September 1997). "Keeping the lines straight".
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The tamping machine moves to the next sleeper and begins a new cycle.
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Vertical pressure applied: 9.8 megapascals (100 kgf/cm)
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The
Tamping units of most Tamping machines will consist of:
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is a self-propelled, rail-mounted machine used to pack (or
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Normally rectangular with four wheels to ride on the rails
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On Track
Machines Working on 25 KV A.C. Electrified Lines
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contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
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Increases the resistance of the track to lateral movement
1276:. No. 312. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 30–34.
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http://s7australia.com/system7-products/rail-tamping/
1299:"Track Compendium" DW Media group GmbH I Eurailpress
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
308:the ballast to allow easy insertion of the tines.
605:Permits earlier relaxation of speed restrictions
487:The 'Tamping Express' is a machine developed by
336:The majority of track machines are powered by a
971:. Osceola, Wis.: MBI Pub. Co. pp. 79–81.
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1315:Photos of dynamic track stabilisers in the UK
758:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
348:pump to provide power for the various tools.
8:
1245:. 1986. pp. 23–46, 53–56, 81–82, 89–90.
1180:"Railroad Surfacing Equipment | Harsco Rail"
752:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1105:"Plasser American - Machines and Systems"
774:Learn how and when to remove this message
553:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Tampers frequently work in concert with
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495:DGS / DTS (dynamic track stabilising)
427:System 7 fully hydraulic tamping head
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531:adding citations to reliable sources
162:in February 2017 Customer VolkerRail
60:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Type of railroad maintenance vehicle
750:Please help improve the section by
602:Creates a homogenous bed of ballast
138:Jackson 6700 switch tamping machine
1310:Audio recording of tamping machine
614:Vibration frequency: 30–35 Hz
471:Continuous-action tamping machines
278:Continuous action tamping machines
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477:continuous-action tamping machine
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760:Manual of Style on use of images
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1387:British railway milk tank wagon
1035:"09-3X Dynamic Tamping Express"
1001:"09-4X Dynamic Tamping Express"
47:needs additional citations for
882:in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
878:A Multiple-Tie-Tamper seen at
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968:Railway maintenance equipment
689:MATISA Matériel Industriel SA
411:vertically and horizontally.
216:, as part of a section crew.
1702:Maintenance of way equipment
722:- acquired by Harsco in 1992
617:Working speed: 1–2 km/h
1320:Photos of tampers in the UK
252:A GTRM Rail tamping machine
207:tamping and lining machines
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378:Clamp or "hook" assemblies
631:Tamping and track layouts
150:09-16 CSM Tamper / Liner
1455:Wagon with opening roof
1243:BRB (Residuary) Limited
1205:"History | Harsco Rail"
1109:www.plasseramerican.com
965:Solomon, Brian (2001).
483:Dynamic Tamping Express
1646:Revenue collection car
1084:www.plassertheurer.com
1045:. 2010. Archived from
1011:. 2010. Archived from
807:French tamping machine
795:Polish tamping machine
756:moving relevant images
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1594:Non-revenue equipment
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1363:freight rolling stock
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1580:Specialized flatcars
850:Amey tamping machine
527:improve this section
466:Specialized machines
324:Standard arrangement
174:informally simply a
56:improve this article
1471:Bogie bolster wagon
1407:Covered goods wagon
1049:on 27 December 2012
1039:PlasserAmerican.com
1005:PlasserAmerican.com
933:Track renewal train
862:Balfour Beatty and
352:Lifting lining unit
158:A MATISA tamper at
1676:Track geometry car
1369:Enclosed equipment
1209:www.harscorail.com
1184:www.harscorail.com
1159:Balfour Beatty plc
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1641:Rail adhesion car
1606:Ballast regulator
1585:Transporter wagon
1565:Rotary car dumper
1015:on 23 August 2013
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913:Ballast regulator
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366:Lifting cylinders
196:concrete sleepers
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71:"Tamping machine"
16:(Redirected from
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744:This section
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727:Image gallery
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691:(Switzerland)
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683:Manufacturers
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419:Tamping units
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1670:
1651:Power shovel
1570:Schnabel car
1550:Pocket wagon
1392:Cattle wagon
1271:
1234:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:
1155:"Rail plant"
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
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1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1038:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:the original
1004:
995:
967:
918:Gandy dancer
899:Blueskin Bay
821:narrow gauge
770:
765:(April 2021)
764:
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703:Banbury Amey
675:
663:
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590:cross levels
589:
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525:Please help
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342:cardan shaft
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66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
18:Track tamper
1681:Work trains
1666:Stoneblower
1575:Slate wagon
1259:|work=
1114:21 February
923:Stoneblower
230:track jacks
1555:Quarry tub
1544:Open wagon
1514:Hopper car
1502:Flat wagon
1440:RoadRailer
1053:16 January
1019:16 January
939:References
651:dual gauge
569:Tamper in
543:April 2021
82:newspapers
1636:Excavator
1611:Brake van
1445:Stock car
1282:0953-4563
1261:ignored (
1251:cite book
864:Carillion
514:does not
346:hydraulic
300:position.
1696:Category
1631:Crew car
1560:Rollbock
1539:Modalohr
1529:Minecart
1450:Tank car
1423:Milk car
1397:Coil car
1376:Autorack
1290:49953699
987:46976669
907:See also
666:turnouts
664:Ideally
647:sleepers
571:Fastline
399:source.
316:process.
275:Duomatic
160:Keighley
1616:Caboose
1508:Gondola
1496:Flatcar
1486:Conflat
1214:28 July
1189:28 July
1164:28 July
1139:28 July
1089:28 July
1068:Plasser
659:Northam
535:removed
520:sources
360:Chassis
306:liquefy
220:History
176:tamper,
96:scholar
1524:Lowmac
1381:Boxcar
1288:
1280:
1130:"Rail"
985:
975:
819:Czech
754:or by
715:Harsco
573:livery
186:under
182:) the
98:
91:
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77:
69:
1626:Crane
1239:(PDF)
655:Perth
332:Drive
312:unit.
244:Types
103:JSTOR
89:books
1546:(EU)
1510:(US)
1504:(EU)
1498:(US)
1436:(EU)
1430:(US)
1409:(EU)
1383:(US)
1286:OCLC
1278:ISSN
1273:Rail
1263:help
1216:2021
1191:2021
1166:2021
1141:2021
1116:2022
1091:2021
1055:2015
1021:2015
983:OCLC
973:ISBN
836:Amey
668:and
657:and
518:any
516:cite
262:Amey
180:tamp
75:news
529:by
260:An
205:or
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