484:. The union believed that Jawara sought to remove constitutional safeguards which prevented him from restricting trade unions and banning strikes. PPP politicians revived the National Farmers and General Workers Union (NFGWU), founded in 1964, to draw members from the GWU and weaken it. The GWU campaign was successful, however, and in February 1967 it called the first post-independence general strike to demand wage increases; the strike failed. The union called another general strike in January 1970, which also failed because it was depicted by the government as a political anti-PPP strike.
269:
1937:
1375:
399:. The strike had three motivations: to challenge the Gambia Oilseeds Marketing Board (GOMB), which had signed a contract for its groundnut steamers to be loaded by non-unionised labour; to seek official recognition from the government and revise the mechanism of wage negotiation, and to prove its effectiveness to Bathurst workers by securing a large
407:, and the government's minimum wage was raised by 25 percent. The union led a second general strike in January 1961, after negotiations broke down for a 90-percent increase in the minimum wage. This strike was also successful, leading to a further 13-percent increase in the minimum wage, and the government and employers were forced to concede a
392:, and was registered in July 1958. Jallow worked with former GLU general secretary A. W. Loum to build the union, which then began to generate labour unrest in the Bathurst docks in August 1959. The GWU led a series of strikes, which led to wage and bonus increases for dock workers. Its success led other labourers in the city to join the union.
256:, and worked to ensure that hungry sailors would be supported. Most support for the strike was from sailors, masons, carpenters, shipwrights, and dock workers who were unable to successfully negotiate with employers without a union; other workers in Bathurst secured deals independent of the trade union.
366:
and its
African branch, the Pan-African Union of Believing Workers. According to David Perfect, the GLU was never an effective union, and after Small's death in 1958 was "little more than a social club for his former associates." Its 1960 leadership was retired senior artisans and civil servants, who
259:
On 6 November, police were summoned to disperse a crowd of 100 striking workers. Four days later, 200-300 strikers blocked traffic and shut down main streets in
Bathurst; police dispersed the crowd with a bayonet charge. Police searched the town for strikers throughout the night, and two officers and
183:
During the 1920s, collective action increased in
Bathurst. The Carpenters' and Shipwrights' Society went on strike in 1921, and mechanics successfully struck that year for higher wages. The state intervened in the latter strike, mediating between workers and employers, and reviewed the cost of living
438:
After he left the GLU in the 1940s, Garba-Jahumpa persuaded a number of other trade union leaders to join him; in
January 1947, he founded the Gambia Amalgamated Trade Union (GATU) as a rival of the GLU. According to Hughes and Perfect, "there can be little doubt that this was a deliberate maneuver
374:
became secretary of the GLU. Garba-Jahumpa and Small worked together for a time, but later quarrelled; Garba-Jahumpa left the GLU, forming the Gambia
Amalgamated Trade Union (GATU). The GLU rekindled its relationship with Garba-Jahumpa and, after the 1962 election, became affiliated with his Gambia
459:
Unlike several other
African countries, trade unions in The Gambia "did not feature prominently in stimulating or organizing radical opposition to the government" before independence. Perfect wrote that although the political impact of the GWU far outweighed that of the GLU, its importance "should
199:
The general labour position in Gambia is a chapter of the old story of imperialism. The final stage of imperialism has almost reached completion; the State machine is being continually lurred from "benevolent" and "philanthropic" uses to serve exclusive capitalist interests; the Negro workers and
345:, Cunliffe-Lister said: "Registration of trade unions in the Gambia is now compulsory, and, according to the latest information in my possession, the only union so registered is the Bathurst Trade Union. I understand that Mr. Small is not a member of this Trade Union."
375:
Congress Party (GCP). The GLU's political impact before independence in 1965 was "very limited." None of its leaders stood for election, it did not attend constitutional talks with the United
Kingdom, and it opposed the 1960 and 1961 general strikes called by the
387:
The Gambia
Workers' Union (GWU) was founded in late 1956 by M. E. Jallow. Jallow had worked in the government and commercial sectors before organising the workers of the Gambia Construction Company into a society. The society became the GWU, with Jallow as
326:, which stipulated that British colonies should establish constitutional mechanisms for registering trade unions. This was resisted in most colonies other than The Gambia, where it was seen as an opportunity to weaken Small's influence. The
300:
Small attended the
International Conference of Negro Workers in Hamburg, organised by the ITUCNW, in July 1930. He spoke at the conference and was elected to the ITUCNW executive board and appointed associate editor of its newspaper,
67:
276:
Small spent much of 1930–1932 trying to secure foreign financial assistance for the BTU and left the union in the hands of his lieutenant, Thomas
Collingwood Fye. Small had alienated the colonial government and the
136:
was "substantively similar to a strike, but it carried the weight of 'tradition' and was thus seen in a more positive light by the administration for a longer time." Musa Molloh, King of Fulladu, declared an 1885
447:, and the GATU was wound up in 1948. Another trade union which was founded to improve support in an election was the Motor Drivers' and Mechanics Union (MDMU), founded by John Colley Faye before the
77:
514:
The GWU called for a general strike in 1977 in support of sacked Gambia Utilities Corporation (GUC) workers, but it was suppressed by the government. In January 1977, the union was decertified.
184:
in the city. This created an expectation among other workers of further concessions, but the colonial government imagined that it had settled the "labour question" for the foreseeable future.
427:
172:
mentality" and experiencing the "accompaniments of civilization." After the strike, the colonial government asserted more control over the wharf towns and increased its police presence. A
443:
election." A European trade union officer "sympathetic to and hostile to Small" said that in 1947, the GATU had between 250 and 1,000 members and the GLU less than 50. Small won the
260:
one striker were hospitalised. The incident caused an outcry in Bathurst, and the employers hurriedly organised a conference with the union and conceded substantial wage increases.
334:
a month later. Three of Small's political opponents registered the Bathurst Trade Union in March 1933, despite Small's objections. Following advice from the Gambian government,
1484:
1014:
286:
415:
359:
99:(GWU) in 1960, 1961, 1967, and 1970, although not all were successful. There are three trade union centres in The Gambia: the Gambia Trade Union Bureau (GamTUB), the
249:
423:
233:(NCBWA). The union was founded in 1928, and opposed attempts by Bathurst companies the following year to reduce the daily wages of labourers from six to five
1469:
1914:
338:
1919:
477:
1489:
237:. The BTU asked the government to intervene and review the cost of living (as it had done in 1921), but it refused to intervene or supplement wages.
1107:
230:
403:
increase. After the strike, the GOMB reverted to employing unionised labour; the outdated labour machinery was transformed by the establishment of
2058:
1909:
1825:
1004:
754:
562:
1992:
1408:
160:. In response to low wages, the soldiers deserted their posts, held demonstrations, and refused to work. Beginning in 1919, dock workers in
2221:
2073:
1982:
1714:
487:
The Gambia Labour Union opposed the GWU's post-independence general strikes, and became a close ally of the PPP government. It adopted a
2307:
419:
335:
297:). The BTU was also affiliated with the Labour Research Department (LRD), which mobilised support for the union during the 1929 strike.
252:. Unable to picket, labour leaders (including Small) were forced to otherwise develop support for the strike. Small proposed a 25-day
448:
444:
440:
327:
157:
104:
50:
2173:
739:
100:
27:
2272:
2163:
2119:
1838:
1783:
492:
473:
319:
2043:
315:
by the Colonial Office and harassed by West African colonial governments, who restricted his travel and removed his privileges.
2053:
2038:
371:
222:
1904:
1629:
168:
merchants. The strike, described as a "riot" by the colonial government, was blamed on the dockworkers having developed a "
2241:
2114:
363:
2080:
1967:
1879:
1779:
1740:
1654:
1644:
1449:
469:
200:
peasants are the hopeless underdogs of the situation - the forsaken victims of capitalist and imperialist exploitation.
1504:
2191:
2063:
2023:
1818:
1787:
1659:
1479:
268:
1884:
1155:. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1966. p. 59 – via Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis.
358:
Small founded the Gambia Labour Union (GLU) in 1935 after losing control of the BTU. The GLU was an affiliate of the
2206:
2196:
2028:
1957:
1936:
1589:
1544:
1464:
1401:
504:
282:
180:
evoked the prospect of a tradition-backed rural rebellion with a power base in the villages, and a strike did not.
1962:
2168:
1926:
1889:
1549:
1342:
1719:
1639:
1604:
1574:
1899:
1669:
1594:
1519:
1459:
1444:
701:
680:
404:
132:, collective refusals to sell to merchants unless they met certain demands. According to Matthew James Park, a
1694:
1514:
1494:
1147:
376:
96:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1649:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1564:
1559:
1509:
2211:
2134:
2068:
2033:
1972:
1945:
1689:
1679:
1634:
1624:
1579:
1454:
1429:
1380:
290:
217:(BTU), the first Gambian trade union, was founded during an industrial dispute by artisans and labourers in
152:(including strikes) in the early 20th century. The first notable action was a 1904 strike by members of the
2183:
1744:
1569:
1554:
1524:
2246:
2226:
2158:
2006:
1987:
1854:
1811:
1684:
1584:
1539:
1434:
2265:
2124:
2094:
2018:
1846:
1664:
1614:
1534:
1499:
1439:
1394:
1674:
1474:
902:
323:
226:
214:
205:
92:
2281:
2236:
2048:
1874:
1329:
241:
95:(BTU), founded in 1929, which led a general strike that year. General strikes were also led by the
176:
was declared in Kuntaur in 1923 for similar reasons, supported this time by colonial officials; a
145:, and was willing to "keep the nuts till they spoil and make soap of them" rather than sell them.
2231:
2216:
1359:
543:
225:, from which it would not emerge until independence in 1965. The principal leader of the BTU was
2286:
389:
149:
422:(ARO) in 1963. It was also affiliated with the African Trade Union Confederation (ATUC), the
1009:
342:
312:
303:
969:
2201:
278:
229:, a Gambian nationalist, journalist, and politician who had led the Gambian branch of the
153:
125:
2106:
1864:
396:
367:
participated in trade unionism "on a part-time basis" and did not believe in striking.
253:
2301:
103:(GWC), and the Gambia National Trade Union Congress (GNTUC). The country joined the
1977:
1869:
481:
400:
331:
1859:
500:
496:
1350:
Perfect, David (1986). "Organized Labour and Politics in The Gambia: 1960–85".
1894:
1834:
1370:
551:
308:
294:
245:
1386:
408:
234:
1374:
1363:
244:, which represented employers, called on the colonial government to ban
240:
On 18 October 1929, 400 workers went on strike in Bathurst. The Gambian
488:
161:
91:
are regulated under the Labour Act 2007. The first trade union was the
1803:
141:
in response to the actions of a merchant. Molloh forbade the trade of
508:
218:
169:
165:
142:
148:
Low wages, low rations, and poor working conditions led to several
586:
Gambia Transport, Agricultural, Food and Industrial Workers Union
267:
330:
passed a trade-union ordinance in December 1932, which received
37:
Ministry of Trade, Industry, Regional Integration and Employment
1807:
1390:
1339:
Heart of Banjul: The History of Banjul, The Gambia, 1816-1965
362:(ICFTU) from 1949 to 1962; it was also affiliated with the
208:
at the International Conference of Negro Workers, July 1930
1005:"Situation of Workers and Peasants in Gambia, West Africa"
428:
International Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers
503:, and awarded scholarships to young Gambians to attend
491:
ideology during the mid-1960s, and affiliated with the
307:. Small may also have attended the fifth conference of
1015:
International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers
810:
Gambia Hotel, Restaurant and Catering Workers union
287:
International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers
2182:
2147:
2093:
2005:
1944:
1845:
1728:
1703:
1422:
221:(the Gambian capital). The country was still under
76:
66:
61:
49:
41:
33:
23:
364:International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
272:1922 logo of Profintern, which oversaw the ITUCNW
439:designed to secure him votes in the forthcoming
416:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
360:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
197:
795:Gambia Horticulture and General Workers Union
604:Gambia National Transport Control Association
250:Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act 1875
1819:
1402:
825:National Committee of Informal Workers union
8:
1326:A Political History of The Gambia, 1816-1994
18:
974:International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
424:International Transport Workers' Federation
2151:
2099:
2044:The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations
2011:
1950:
1826:
1812:
1804:
1409:
1395:
1387:
645:Gambia Dock and Maritime Workers' Union
516:
472:, the Gambia Workers' Union opposed the
231:National Congress of British West Africa
1910:Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council
1324:Hughes, Arnold; Perfect, David (2006).
894:
840:Committee for Public Service Employees
662:Gambia Association of Resident Doctors
1003:Small, Edward Francis (January 1931).
518:Trade unions and labour organisations
318:The 1929 strike apparently influenced
17:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1176:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1084:
1082:
1010:The International Negro Worker Review
777:Gambia National Trade Union Congress
341:refused to intervene. In the British
289:(ITUCNW), which were associated with
7:
1149:Labor Digests on Countries in Africa
1036:
1034:
1032:
927:
925:
923:
495:(WFTU) in 1967. The GLU admired the
128:elders) could traditionally declare
336:Secretary of State for the Colonies
311:later that year. He was labelled a
164:struck in response to wage cuts by
14:
907:International Labour Organization
449:1951 Legislative Council election
411:system of union-dues collection.
105:International Labour Organization
57:The Gambia is a member of the ILO
51:International Labour Organization
1935:
1715:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1485:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1373:
569:Gambia Transport Drivers' Union
493:World Federation of Trade Unions
395:In February 1960, the GWU led a
281:by affiliating the BTU with the
2174:Orders, decorations, and medals
1915:2016–2017 constitutional crisis
1134:Hughes and Perfect, pp. 110-111
968:Darboe, Alieu (February 2010).
535:President or general secretary
855:Gambia Pensioners Association
740:Gambian Workers' Confederation
683:Faculty and Staff Association
101:Gambian Workers' Confederation
1:
1330:University of Rochester Press
420:African Regional Organisation
1920:ECOWAS military intervention
1337:Park, Matthew James (2016).
1088:Hughes and Perfect, p. 98-99
464:Post-colonial trade unionism
414:The GWU affiliated with the
1352:Labour, Capital and Society
1097:Hughes and Perfect, 102-103
158:West African Frontier Force
2324:
2308:Trade unions in the Gambia
1311:Hughes and Perfect, p. 207
1302:Hughes and Perfect, p. 200
1252:Hughes and Perfect, p. 205
1243:Hughes and Perfect, p. 142
1234:Hughes and Perfect, p. 121
1216:Hughes and Perfect, p. 112
970:"The Gambia: 1994-present"
783:trade union confederation
747:trade union confederation
721:Gambia Trade Union Bureau
710:higher education students
505:Patrice Lumumba University
478:People's Progressive Party
283:League against Imperialism
248:; it agreed, invoking the
89:Trade unions in The Gambia
19:Trade unions in the Gambia
2259:
2154:
2102:
2014:
1953:
1933:
1343:Michigan State University
1225:Hughes and Perfect, p.114
1076:Hughes and Perfect, p. 97
1040:Hughes and Perfect, p. 96
689:higher education workers
650:dock workers and sailors
405:joint industrial councils
56:
1958:Administrative divisions
1927:2022 coup d'état attempt
1900:Senegambia Confederation
1890:1981 coup d'état attempt
1470:Central African Republic
1112:House of Commons Hansard
702:University of the Gambia
681:University of the Gambia
24:National organization(s)
1381:Organized labour portal
1108:"Gambia (Trade Unions)"
870:Gambia Bar Association
761:Gambia Labour Congress
621:Gambia Teachers' Union
349:Colonial trade unionism
62:Convention ratification
1417:Trade unions in Africa
632:Marie Antionette Corr
455:Impact on independence
339:Philip Cunliffe-Lister
273:
202:
68:Freedom of Association
1630:São Tomé and Príncipe
1490:Republic of the Congo
732:Kebba Masaneh Ceesay
383:Gambia Workers' Union
377:Gambia Workers' Union
313:Communist sympathiser
293:(and the latter with
271:
223:British colonial rule
97:Gambia Workers' Union
1993:World Heritage Sites
1275:Perfect, pp. 185–186
1198:Perfect, pp. 183–184
1189:Perfect, pp. 177–178
1180:Perfect, pp. 179–180
1013:. Hamburg, Germany:
559:Sheriff Bojang Jnr.
480:(PPP) government of
470:independence in 1965
460:not be overstated."
382:
324:Passfield Memorandum
227:Edward Francis Small
215:Bathurst Trade Union
206:Edward Francis Small
188:Bathurst Trade Union
93:Bathurst Trade Union
34:Regulatory authority
1875:British West Africa
1705:States with limited
519:
441:Legislative Council
354:Gambia Labour Union
328:Legislative Council
242:chamber of commerce
42:Primary legislation
20:
2164:Capital punishment
2120:Telecommunications
903:"Country profiles"
788:Ebrima Garba Cham
609:transport workers
544:Gambia Press Union
517:
434:Other trade unions
372:I.M. Garba-Jahumpa
370:During the 1940s,
274:
150:industrial actions
2295:
2294:
2255:
2254:
2143:
2142:
2089:
2088:
2059:Political parties
2039:Foreign relations
2001:
2000:
1801:
1800:
1732:other territories
1505:Equatorial Guinea
1328:. Rochester, NY:
1067:Park, pp. 204–205
1049:Park, pp. 202–203
940:Park, pp. 199–200
887:
886:
390:general secretary
86:
85:
78:Right to Organise
2315:
2275:
2268:
2152:
2110:
2100:
2012:
1968:Cities and towns
1951:
1939:
1905:1994 coup d'état
1855:Regional history
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1793:
1792:(United Kingdom)
1788:Tristan da Cunha
1784:Ascension Island
1776:
1763:
1754:
1730:Dependencies and
1423:Sovereign states
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1346:
1333:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
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1262:
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1226:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1169:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
965:
959:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
918:
917:
915:
913:
899:
704:Students' Union
520:
476:proposed by the
426:(ITWF), and the
418:(ICFTU) and its
343:House of Commons
304:The Negro Worker
209:
82:4 September 2000
72:4 September 2000
21:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2251:
2242:Public holidays
2178:
2139:
2108:
2085:
1997:
1983:Protected areas
1940:
1931:
1841:
1832:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1774:
1761:
1752:
1733:
1731:
1724:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1418:
1415:
1379:
1372:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:Perfect, p. 189
1292:
1288:
1284:Perfect, p. 187
1283:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1261:Perfect, p. 183
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:Perfect, p. 184
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1168:Perfect, p. 177
1167:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1096:
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1080:
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1062:
1057:
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1044:
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1018:
1002:
1001:
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988:
978:
976:
967:
966:
962:
957:
953:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
921:
911:
909:
901:
900:
896:
892:
655:Lang Bala Saho
466:
457:
436:
385:
356:
351:
279:Colonial Office
266:
211:
204:
195:
190:
118:
113:
107:(ILO) in 1995.
45:Labour Act 2007
12:
11:
5:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2299:
2293:
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2289:
2284:
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2256:
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2250:
2249:
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2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
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2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2081:Vice-President
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Songhai Empire
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1777:
1764:
1755:
1741:Canary Islands
1737:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1369:
1368:
1358:(2): 168–199.
1347:
1334:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1136:
1124:
1099:
1090:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1028:
995:
986:
960:
951:
942:
933:
919:
893:
891:
888:
885:
884:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
867:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
852:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
837:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
822:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
792:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
778:
774:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
762:
758:
757:
752:
750:
748:
745:
742:
736:
735:
733:
730:
727:
725:
722:
718:
717:
715:
713:
711:
708:
705:
698:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
684:
677:
676:
674:
672:
669:
666:
663:
659:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
642:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
601:
600:
598:
597:Mustapha Jobe
595:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
566:
565:
560:
557:
554:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
465:
462:
456:
453:
435:
432:
397:general strike
384:
381:
355:
352:
350:
347:
285:(LAI) and the
265:
262:
254:sitdown strike
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
154:Gambia Company
117:
114:
112:
109:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2320:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Ethnic groups
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Chief Justice
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Guinea-Bissau
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
999:
996:
990:
987:
975:
971:
964:
961:
955:
952:
946:
943:
937:
934:
928:
926:
924:
920:
908:
904:
898:
895:
889:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
869:
868:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
839:
838:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
809:
808:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
772:
770:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
751:
749:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
714:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
699:
696:
693:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
637:
634:
631:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
588:
585:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:Affiliations
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
515:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
474:Republic Bill
471:
463:
461:
454:
452:
450:
446:
445:1947 election
442:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
380:
378:
373:
368:
365:
361:
353:
348:
346:
344:
340:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
263:
261:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
210:
207:
201:
192:
187:
185:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
115:
110:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
81:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
60:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
26:
22:
16:
2207:Demographics
2197:Coat of arms
2130:Trade unions
2129:
2029:Constitution
1978:Gambia River
1880:Independence
1870:Jolof Empire
1780:Saint Helena
1751:
1655:South Africa
1645:Sierra Leone
1529:
1450:Burkina Faso
1355:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1148:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1093:
1072:
1063:
1058:Park, p. 203
1054:
1045:
1019:. Retrieved
1017:. p. 22
1008:
998:
993:Park, p. 201
989:
977:. Retrieved
973:
963:
958:Park, p. 200
954:
949:Park, p. 198
945:
936:
931:Park, p. 199
910:. Retrieved
906:
897:
881:Salieu Taal
878:before 1965
694:Alieu Gibba
579:Omar Ceesay
513:
497:North Korean
486:
482:Dawda Jawara
467:
458:
437:
413:
401:minimum wage
394:
386:
369:
357:
332:royal assent
317:
302:
299:
275:
258:
246:picket lines
239:
212:
203:
198:
182:
177:
173:
147:
138:
133:
129:
121:
119:
88:
87:
15:
2169:LGBT rights
2064:Politicians
1860:Mali Empire
1707:recognition
1660:South Sudan
1550:Ivory Coast
614:Jarga Faal
592:generalist
552:journalists
501:Kim Il Sung
320:Sidney Webb
193:1929 strike
2232:Literature
2109:(currency)
2054:Parliament
1895:Senegambia
1835:The Gambia
1762:(Portugal)
1720:Somaliland
1640:Seychelles
1605:Mozambique
1590:Mauritania
1575:Madagascar
1530:The Gambia
1465:Cape Verde
890:References
627:Education
468:Following
309:Profintern
295:Profintern
143:groundnuts
2212:Education
2135:Transport
2069:President
2034:Elections
1973:Districts
1946:Geography
1885:1965–1970
1595:Mauritius
529:Industry
430:(IFPCW).
409:check-off
291:Comintern
264:1930–1933
235:shillings
166:groundnut
2302:Category
2282:Category
2247:Religion
2227:Football
2159:Abortion
2049:Military
2007:Politics
1988:Wildlife
1839:articles
1786: /
1782: /
1775:(France)
1769: /
1747: /
1743: /
1695:Zimbabwe
1670:Tanzania
1520:Ethiopia
1515:Eswatini
1495:Djibouti
1460:Cameroon
1445:Botswana
1364:43157755
668:doctors
589:GTAFIWU
574:drivers
532:Founded
526:Acronym
322:'s 1930
219:Bathurst
170:Bathurst
126:Mandinka
120:Gambian
2266:Outline
2202:Cuisine
2184:Culture
2148:Society
2125:Tourism
2107:Dalasi
2095:Economy
2019:Cabinet
1847:History
1771:Réunion
1767:Mayotte
1758:Madeira
1753:(Spain)
1749:Melilla
1680:Tunisia
1650:Somalia
1635:Senegal
1620:Nigeria
1610:Namibia
1600:Morocco
1565:Liberia
1560:Lesotho
1510:Eritrea
1480:Comoros
1455:Burundi
1430:Algeria
1341:(PhD).
1318:Sources
724:GamTUB
686:UTGFSA
499:leader
489:Marxist
162:Kuntaur
122:mansolu
116:Origins
111:History
2287:Portal
2192:Anthem
2115:Mining
1963:Border
1837:
1790:
1773:
1760:
1690:Zambia
1685:Uganda
1625:Rwanda
1580:Malawi
1540:Guinea
1435:Angola
1362:
1117:13 May
1021:13 May
979:13 May
912:4 July
780:GNTUC
707:UTGSU
509:Moscow
2273:Index
2237:Music
1745:Ceuta
1665:Sudan
1615:Niger
1570:Libya
1555:Kenya
1535:Ghana
1525:Gabon
1500:Egypt
1440:Benin
1360:JSTOR
1153:(PDF)
729:2009
671:2012
665:GARD
556:1979
523:Name
130:tongs
2217:Flag
2074:list
1675:Togo
1585:Mali
1475:Chad
1119:2020
1023:2020
981:2020
914:2020
873:GBA
764:GLC
755:ITUC
744:GWC
624:GTU
548:GPU
213:The
178:tong
174:tong
139:tong
134:tong
563:IFJ
507:in
28:GWC
2304::
1356:19
1354:.
1266:^
1173:^
1161:^
1139:^
1127:^
1110:.
1081:^
1031:^
1007:.
972:.
922:^
905:.
511:.
451:.
379:.
156:,
1827:e
1820:t
1813:v
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
1366:.
1345:.
1332:.
1121:.
1025:.
983:.
916:.
124:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
