Knowledge (XXG)

Tradition and the Individual Talent

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1617:. Eliot was arguing the importance of a complete sensibility: he didn't particularly care what it was at the time of tradition and the individual talent. His own work is heavily influenced by non-Western traditions. In his broadcast talk "The Unity of European Culture," he said, "Long ago I studied the ancient Indian languages and while I was chiefly interested at that time in Philosophy, I read a little poetry too; and I know that my own poetry shows the influence of Indian thought and sensibility." His self-evaluation was confirmed by B. P. N. Sinha, who writes that Eliot went beyond Indian ideas to Indian form: "The West has preoccupied itself almost exclusively with the philosophy and thoughts of India. One consequence of this has been a total neglect of Indian forms of expression, i.e. of its literature. T. S. Eliot is the one major poet whose work bears evidence of intercourse with this aspect of Indian culture" (qtd. in 1540:
He compares the poet to a catalyst in a chemical reaction, in which the reactants are feelings and emotions that are synthesised to create an artistic image that captures and relays these same feelings and emotions. While the mind of the poet is necessary for the production, it emerges unaffected by the process. The artist stores feelings and emotions and properly unites them into a specific combination, which is the artistic product. What lends greatness to a work of art are not the feelings and emotions themselves, but the nature of the artistic process by which they are synthesised. The artist is responsible for creating "the pressure, so to speak, under which the fusion takes place." And, it is the intensity of fusion that renders art great. In this view, Eliot rejects the theory that art expresses metaphysical unity in the soul of the poet. The poet is a depersonalised vessel, a mere medium.
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the arts, is a genius that one is born with. Not so for Eliot. Instead, talent is acquired through a careful study of poetry, claiming that Tradition, "cannot be inherited, and if you want it, you must obtain it by great labour." Eliot asserts that it is absolutely necessary for the poet to study, to have an understanding of the poets before them, and to be well versed enough that they can understand and incorporate the "mind of Europe" into their poetry. But the poet's study is unique – it is knowledge that "does not encroach," and that does not "deaden or pervert poetic sensibility." It is, to put it most simply, a poetic knowledge – knowledge observed through a poetic lens. This ideal implies that knowledge gleaned by a poet is not knowledge of facts, but knowledge which leads to a greater understanding of the mind of Europe. As Eliot explains, "
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creation of new work, they realise an aesthetic "ideal order," as it has been established by the literary tradition that has come before them. As such, the act of artistic creation does not take place in a vacuum. The introduction of a new work alters the cohesion of this existing order, and causes a readjustment of the old to accommodate the new. The inclusion of the new work alters the way in which the past is seen; elements of the past that are noted and realised. In Eliot's own words, "What happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art that preceded it." Eliot refers to this organic tradition, this developing canon, as the "mind of Europe." The private mind is subsumed by this more massive one.
86: 1532:," while, simultaneously, expressing their contemporary environment. Eliot challenges the common perception that a poet's greatness and individuality lie in their departure from their predecessors; he argues that "the most individual parts of his work may be those in which the dead poets, his ancestors, assert their immortality most vigorously." Eliot claims that this "historical sense" is not only a resemblance to traditional works but an awareness and understanding of their relation to his poetry. 1473: 1894: 1461: 1559:." The theory is that the expression of emotion in art can be achieved by a specific, and almost formulaic, prescription of a set of objects, including events and situations. A particular emotion is created by presenting its correlated objective sign. The author is depersonalised in this conception, since he is the mere effecter of the sign. And, it is the sign, and not the poet, which creates emotion. 1539:
This leads to Eliot's so-called "Impersonal Theory" of poetry. Since the poet engages in a "continual surrender of himself" to the vast order of tradition, artistic creation is a process of depersonalisation. The mature poet is viewed as a medium, through which tradition is channelled and elaborated.
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Eliot presents his conception of tradition and the definition of the poet and poetry in relation to it. He wishes to correct the fact that, as he perceives it, "in English writing we seldom speak of tradition, though we occasionally apply its name in deploring its absence." Eliot posits that, though
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The implications here separate Eliot's idea of talent from the conventional definition (just as his idea of Tradition is separate from the conventional definition), one so far from it, perhaps, that he chooses never to directly label it as talent. The conventional definition of talent, especially in
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For Eliot, the term "tradition" is imbued with a special and complex character. It represents a "simultaneous order," by which Eliot means a historical timelessness – a fusion of past and present – and, at the same time, a sense of present temporality. A poet must embody "the whole of the literature
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Great works do not express the personal emotion of the poet. The poet does not reveal their own unique and novel emotions, but rather, by drawing on ordinary ones and channelling them through the intensity of poetry, they express feelings that surpass, altogether, experienced emotion. This is what
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This fidelity to tradition, however, does not require the great poet to forfeit novelty in an act of surrender to repetition. Rather, Eliot has a much more dynamic and progressive conception of the poetic process: novelty is possible only through tapping into tradition. When a poet engages in the
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Eliot's theory of literary tradition has been criticised for its limited definition of what constitutes the canon of that tradition. He assumes the authority to choose what represents great poetry, and his choices have been criticised on several fronts. For example,
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Eliot intends when he discusses poetry as an "escape from emotion." Since successful poetry is impersonal and, therefore, exists independent of its poet, it outlives the poet and can incorporate into the timeless "ideal order" of the "living" literary tradition.
53:. "Tradition and the Individual Talent" is one of the better-known works that Eliot produced in his critic capacity. It formulates Eliot's influential conception of the relationship between the poet and preceding literary traditions. 1590:. Yet, he does share with them the same focus on the aesthetic and stylistic qualities of poetry, rather than on its ideological content. The New Critics resemble Eliot in their close analysis of particular passages and poems. 1524:, felt that the true incorporation of tradition into literature was unrecognised, that tradition, a word that "seldom... appear except in a phrase of censure," was actually a thus-far unrealised element of literary criticism. 1627:
presents a conception of tradition that differs from that of Eliot. Whereas Eliot believes that the great poet is faithful to his predecessors and evolves in a concordant manner, Bloom (according to his theory of
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the English tradition generally upholds the belief that art progresses through change – a separation from tradition, literary advancements are instead recognised only when they conform to the tradition. Eliot, a
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The Four Quartets). He does not account for a non-white and non-masculine tradition. As such, his notion of tradition stands at odds with feminist, post-colonial and minority theories.
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in 1932 and 1933, a new preface in which he called "Tradition and the Individual Talent" the most juvenile of his essays (although he also indicated that he did not repudiate it.)
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While Eliot is most often known for his poetry, he also contributed to the field of literary criticism. In this dual role, he acted as a cultural critic, comparable to Sir
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This essay is divided into three parts: first the concept of "Tradition," then the Theory of Impersonal Poetry, and finally the conclusion.
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Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, 1969. pp. 27–8, 204–5 (listings A5, C90, C7)
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Homage to John Dryden: Three Essays on Poetry of the Seventeenth Century
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disagrees with Eliot's condescension towards Romantic poetry, which, in
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T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography (A Revised and Extended Edition)
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Unwittingly, Eliot inspired and informed the movement of
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In 1964, his last year, Eliot published in a reprint of
22:(1919) is an essay written by poet and literary critic 1679:. Ed. Ronald Schuchard. London: Faber and Faber, 1993. 2331:
Works originally published in The Egoist (periodical)
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relates to this notion of the impersonal poet. In "
1647:Primary works of literary criticism by T. S. Eliot 1917:The Awefull Battle of the Pekes and the Pollicles 1665:The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism 1773: 1497: 8: 2185:T. S. Eliot Prize (Truman State University) 1780: 1766: 1758: 1723:The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism 1637:The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism 1504: 1490: 60: 1738:"Tradition and the Individual Talent" in 1082:Alliance EPP: European People's Party UK 1701: 867:Reflections on the Revolution in France 72: 1655:. London: L. and Virginia Woolf, 1927. 1567:acquired more essential history from 20:"Tradition and the Individual Talent" 7: 2129:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi 1677:The Varieties of Metaphysical Poetry 2065:Tradition and the Individual Talent 1910:Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats 1813:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 1571:than most men could from the whole 947:Tradition and the Individual Talent 26:. The essay was first published in 1673:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950. 1639:, a series of lectures he gave at 14: 1892: 1661:. 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421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 369:Intellectuals 366: 365: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347:Young England 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 308: 307: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 269:Protectionism 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 244:Family values 242: 238: 237: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 201: 200: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 128:Compassionate 126: 124: 121: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 92: 91: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 67: 63: 62: 56: 54: 52: 48: 47:Philip Sidney 43: 41: 37: 36: 31: 30: 25: 21: 2237:(first wife) 2230:Eliot family 2208: 2200: 2167: 2140:1981 musical 2134: 2127: 2120: 2111: 2104: 2077: 2070: 2064: 2049: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1945:Burnt Norton 1943: 1908: 1867: 1860: 1853: 1846: 1798:Bibliography 1746:: Part I in 1722: 1717: 1709: 1704: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1636: 1634: 1625:Harold Bloom 1623: 1618: 1612: 1609:Euro-centric 1604: 1601:Harold Bloom 1597: 1582: 1561: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1515: 1435: 1233:Orange Order 1132: 1131: 1076: 1055: 1047:Conservatism 1045: 1035: 1025: 1015: 1005: 995: 985: 965: 955: 946: 935: 925: 915: 905: 895: 885: 865: 855: 722:Commentators 294:State church 234: 75:Conservatism 44: 34: 27: 19: 18: 2336:1919 essays 2211:(1984 play, 2097:Adaptations 1902:Later poems 1869:Ariel Poems 1805:Early poems 1789:T. S. Eliot 1614:Mahabharata 1565:Shakespeare 1446:Remigration 1394:Blue Labour 1215:Monday Club 1167:Bright Blue 567:Politicians 289:Sovereignty 249:Imperialism 230:Meritocracy 225:Aristocracy 165:Progressive 143:Thatcherism 24:T. S. Eliot 2315:Categories 2290:Ezra Pound 2280:Emily Hale 2214:1994 film) 2161:Publishing 1952:East Coker 1740:The Egoist 1696:References 1522:classicist 1424:Liberalism 1301:Daily Mail 1284:The Critic 997:Black Mass 850:Literature 833:Worsthorne 793:O'Sullivan 550:Wordsworth 395:Chesterton 332:Jacobitism 204:Principles 155:One-nation 111:Cameronism 95:Ideologies 29:The Egoist 2150:2019 film 2145:1998 film 2123:(TV play) 1841:Gerontion 1429:Socialism 1366:The Times 1261:(Defunct) 1218:(Defunct) 1185:(Defunct) 1112:Reform UK 927:Orthodoxy 921:(1867–68) 897:Coningsby 887:On Heroes 700:Salisbury 695:Rees-Mogg 670:Macmillan 628:Positions 613:Churchill 588:Braverman 420:Dalrymple 405:Coleridge 352:New Right 337:Old Whigs 299:Tradition 160:Powellism 2261:(mother) 2253:(father) 1998:The Rock 1827:Preludes 1684:See also 1569:Plutarch 808:Sullivan 763:Hitchens 733:Benjamin 710:Willetts 705:Thatcher 618:Disraeli 490:Lawrence 435:Ferguson 410:Conquest 317:Cavalier 274:Royalism 254:Loyalism 66:a series 2194:Related 2116:(opera) 1742:at the 1383:Related 1341:The Sun 1321:GB News 1133:Defunct 1073:Parties 813:Tominey 803:Starkey 798:Roberts 753:Goodwin 655:Johnson 603:Canning 598:Cameron 578:Balfour 573:Baldwin 535:Stephen 530:Southey 525:Scruton 510:Parvini 480:Kipling 415:Cowling 390:Carlyle 375:Bagehot 311:History 220:Elitism 170:Toryism 138:Liberal 106:Burkean 2223:People 2107:(film) 2082:(1941) 1441:(2018) 1371:UnHerd 1361:TalkTV 1223:NATCON 1144:Tories 1077:Active 1061:(2019) 1051:(2017) 1041:(2014) 1031:(2014) 1021:(2013) 1011:(2010) 1001:(2007) 991:(2005) 981:(1968) 971:(1945) 961:(1943) 951:(1919) 941:(1912) 931:(1908) 911:(1845) 901:(1844) 891:(1841) 881:(1834) 871:(1790) 861:(1756) 828:Watson 823:Verity 818:Veitch 783:Nelson 778:Murray 690:Powell 660:Joseph 640:Hannan 623:Farage 583:Belloc 515:Ruskin 500:Newman 450:Gibbon 445:Galton 440:Filmer 425:Dawson 380:Belloc 357:Brexit 327:Tories 185:Social 2043:Prose 1983:Plays 1530:Homer 1273:Media 907:Sybil 838:Young 773:Kisin 748:Evans 738:Cohen 665:Leigh 645:Hayes 608:Cates 593:Burke 555:Ye'or 545:Waugh 540:Unwin 520:Scott 460:Hayek 430:Eliot 400:Clark 385:Burke 190:Ultra 133:Green 123:Civic 2135:Cats 743:Cole 728:Amis 685:Pitt 680:Peel 650:Hogg 635:Gove 495:More 485:Land 475:Kemp 465:Hume 455:Gray 175:High 49:and 1575:." 675:May 180:Red 150:Neo 42:". 2317:: 979:" 949:" 879:" 68:on 2089:" 2085:" 2067:" 2063:" 2060:" 2056:" 1940:" 1936:" 1933:" 1929:" 1926:" 1922:" 1919:" 1915:" 1885:" 1881:" 1878:" 1874:" 1843:" 1839:" 1836:" 1832:" 1829:" 1825:" 1822:" 1818:" 1815:" 1811:" 1781:e 1774:t 1767:v 1754:. 1628:" 1505:e 1498:t 1491:v 975:" 945:" 875:"

Index

T. S. Eliot
The Egoist
The Sacred Wood
Selected Essays
Philip Sidney
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
a series
Conservatism
in the United Kingdom


British nationalism
Burkean
Cameronism
Muscular liberalism
Civic
Compassionate
Green
Liberal
Thatcherism
Neo
One-nation
Powellism
Progressive
Toryism
High
Red
Social
Ultra
British unionism
Classical liberalism
Elitism

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