47:
1227:
doctors and surgeons in the country and so the two practitioners coexist in the same setting. In parts of South
America, Asia and Africa, traditional bone-setters treat musculoskeletal injuries in general, not just fractures and dislocations. Traditional bone-setters are also known to offer cheaper
1261:
In a 1932 book on the subject, A. S. Blundell
Bankart defined manipulative surgery as "the art and practice of moving joints for therapeutic purposes". In an address delivered to the Royal Society of Medicine in 1923, R. C. Elmslie described the "use of manipulative methods in surgery" as having
1175:
With the advancement of modern medicine beginning in the 18th century, bone-setters began to be recognised for their efficiency in treatment but did not receive the praise or status that physicians did. Some of these self-taught healers were considered legitimate, while others were perceived as
1171:
in the
British Isles. However, many bone-setters were non-religious and the majority of them were self-taught. Their skills were then passed on from generation to generation, creating families of bone-setters. Notable families include the Taylor family of Whitworth and the Matthew family of the
1210:
in Great
Britain called for surgeons to take courses similar to physicians, a move that would raise the status of surgeons to be more in line with that of the elite physician. This allowed for some bone-setters to transition into the medical profession and encouraged interest in bone and joint
1184:(d. 1737). Known as "Crazy Sally", she learned her skill from her father and was known for her arm strength and ability to reset almost any bone. Though she lacked the medical education of physicians, she successfully treated dislocated shoulders and knees, among other treatments, at the
1163:
treatment of bone-related injuries. These early bone-setters would treat fractures with wooden splints wrapped in bandages or made a cast around the injury out of a plaster-like mixture. It is not known whether they performed amputations as well.
1203:
Bone-setters treated the majority of the population since they were cheaper than licensed physicians. Royal families would employ bone-setters when the court physicians were inadequate or inefficient.
1533:
The
Cabinet of Curiosities: Or, Wonders of the World Displayed, Forming a Repository of Whatever is Remarkable in the Regions of Nature and Art, Extraordinary Events, and Eccentric Biography
1136:, bone-setters were the main providers of this type of treatment. Traditionally, they practiced without any formal training in accepted modern medical procedures. Bone-setters would also
1192:. In the United States, the "Bone-setter" Sweet family carried the skill for generations, with Charles Sweet being one of the most famous bone-setters in all of New England. In Italy,
1100:
1223:, traditional bone-setters are popular and can be the only address for treatment of bone-related injuries. Most often it will be the case that there is a shortage of
494:
1155:
The practice of joint manipulation and treating fractures dates back to ancient times and has roots in most countries. The earliest known medical text, the
1706:"Traditional Bonesetters and Contemporary Orthopaedic Fracture Care in a Developing Nation: Historical Aspects, Contemporary Status and Future Directions"
1551:
Joy, Robert J. T. (1954). "The natural bonesetters with special reference to the Sweet family of Rhode Island; a study of an early phase of orthopedics".
1093:
169:
214:
783:
1688:
1648:
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743:
308:
738:
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584:
387:
694:
71:
800:
667:
239:
1072:
1042:
1004:
984:
194:
78:
66:
1512:
1168:
1137:
954:
822:
812:
701:
657:
1057:
224:
184:
30:
1167:
In the 16th century, monks and nuns with some knowledge of medicine went on to become healers and bone-setters after the
994:
919:
899:
827:
773:
479:
944:
862:
362:
1796:
Huber BR, Anderson R (1996). "Bonesetters and curers in a
Mexican community: conceptual models, status, and gender".
1196:, a bone-setter who learned the skill from her mother, is considered to be an expert in the reconstruction of the
484:
303:
229:
1919:
753:
367:
313:
1032:
748:
706:
634:
514:
149:
1924:
689:
679:
574:
1395:
1207:
1067:
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604:
444:
244:
109:
1888:
1220:
1185:
1117:
1037:
766:
726:
549:
412:
340:
288:
209:
116:
61:
38:
1757:"Fracture treatment by bonesetters in central Ghana: patients explain their choices and experiences"
1211:
surgery. As a result, surgical instruments and tools for bone-related injuries were then developed.
1156:
684:
469:
382:
159:
89:
1537:
1239:
1560:
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397:
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283:
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1737:
1684:
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1508:
1502:
1480:
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1379:
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1140:
837:
594:
559:
464:
402:
350:
251:
1896:
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1805:
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1727:
1717:
1672:
1470:
1426:
1369:
1325:
1317:
852:
614:
474:
261:
1262:
grown in recent years. He said that "formerly such practitioners were called 'bone-setters
1022:
979:
564:
554:
429:
392:
330:
298:
293:
266:
204:
174:
1892:
1531:
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1705:
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1305:
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999:
872:
639:
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454:
1865:
1913:
1773:
1756:
1673:
1160:
1144:
934:
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807:
619:
534:
449:
372:
335:
278:
256:
144:
94:
20:
1391:
1279:
1270:
in 1934 said that manipulative surgery was "almost a monopoly of the bone-setter".
1125:
989:
959:
832:
711:
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325:
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271:
234:
179:
164:
1809:
1638:
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1475:
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1722:
949:
867:
579:
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499:
439:
219:
189:
139:
134:
99:
46:
1321:
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1224:
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1181:
1047:
544:
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407:
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104:
1374:
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969:
929:
904:
609:
569:
434:
1782:
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1440:
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1339:
1839:
1817:
1233:
882:
790:
629:
83:
19:
This article is about practitioners. For John D. "Bonesetter" Reese, see
1564:
974:
892:
857:
847:
589:
1834:, Modern Surgical Monographs (London: Constable and Co., 1932), p. 1.
1900:
1245:
1062:
887:
842:
509:
1452:
1450:
1249:, and is practiced by martial artists. In Portugal it is known as
1189:
939:
914:
795:
345:
1180:". In Great Britain, one of the most famous was the bone-setter
924:
778:
877:
1755:
Aries MJ, Joosten H, Wegdam HH, van der Geest S (2007).
1351:
1349:
1282:, a form of alternative medicine with esoteric origins
1463:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
1419:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
1507:(Revised ed.). Psychology Press. p. 297.
1675:An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
1228:services and allegedly faster treatment options.
1618:. J.B. Lippincott: J.B. Lippincott. p. 378
1640:Chiropractic in Europe: An Illustrated History
1457:Phillips, S.-A.; Biant, L. C. (January 2011).
1413:Phillips, S.-A.; Biant, L. C. (January 2011).
1094:
8:
1679:. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp.
1310:Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy
1643:. Leicester, England: Matador. p. 14.
1358:"The Practice and Tradition of Bonesetting"
1200:and antiquated dislocations of the femur.
1101:
1087:
170:Association for Research and Enlightenment
25:
1772:
1731:
1721:
1474:
1430:
1373:
1329:
1504:A Historical Dictionary of British Women
1296:
1237:. In India, practitioners are known as
37:
1852:"An Address ON MANIPULATIVE SURGERY".
1496:
1494:
1120:in which practitioners are engaged in
1526:
1524:
7:
1553:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
1459:"The instruments of the bonesetter"
1415:"The instruments of the bonesetter"
1306:"A History of Manipulative Therapy"
1231:In Japan, bone-setting is known as
16:Practitioner of joint manipulation
14:
240:Chiropractic treatment techniques
1774:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01822.x
1043:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
45:
1860:(5224): 821–823. October 1923.
1356:Agarwal, A; Agarwal, R (2010).
79:Alternative veterinary medicine
1637:Wilson, Francis J. H. (2007).
1157:Edwin Smith papyrus of 1552 BC
702:Water fluoridation controversy
658:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
1866:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)22894-3
1810:10.1080/01459740.1996.9966126
1710:The Open Orthopaedics Journal
1536:. J. Limbird. 1824. pp.
1304:Pettman, Erland (July 2007).
1188:in London and in the town of
1073:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1058:Multiple chemical sensitivity
185:Biological terrain assessment
1704:Nwachukwu, Benedict (2011).
1593:. pro loco cappella maggiore
1476:10.1302/0301-620X.93B1.25628
1432:10.1302/0301-620X.93B1.25628
1723:10.2174/1874325001105010020
1671:DiGiovanna, Eileen (2005).
1243:. In China, it is known as
734:Alternative medical systems
363:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
129:Fringe medicine and science
1941:
1591:prolococappellamaggiore.it
1322:10.1179/106698107790819873
1169:dissolution of monasteries
744:Biologically based therapy
304:Dental amalgam controversy
18:
1887:(3362): 516. April 1934.
368:Facilitated communication
1879:"Manipulative Surgery".
1830:A. S. Blundell Bankart,
1612:Graham, Douglas (1902).
1375:10.4103/1357-6283.101508
1114:Traditional bone-setting
1033:Candida hypersensitivity
215:Fake COVID-19 treatments
29:This article is part of
1501:Hartley, Cathy (2003).
1124:. Before the advent of
707:COVID-19 misinformation
635:Young blood transfusion
515:Orthomolecular medicine
480:Mind–body interventions
150:Anthroposophic medicine
90:Rise of modern medicine
739:Mind–body intervention
690:MMR vaccine and autism
680:Vaccine misinformation
575:Rapid prompting method
1208:Apothecaries Act 1815
1068:Vertebral subluxation
1017:Alternative diagnoses
605:Thought Field Therapy
245:Vertebral subluxation
1832:Manipulative Surgery
1362:Education for Health
1266:". A book review in
1257:Manipulative surgery
1221:developing countries
1186:Grecian Coffee House
1038:Chronic Lyme disease
767:Traditional medicine
749:Manipulative methods
550:Postural Integration
413:Bach flower remedies
289:Craniosacral therapy
117:Therapeutic nihilism
62:Alternative medicine
39:Alternative medicine
1893:1934Natur.133S.516.
1761:Trop Med Int Health
1615:Manual therapeutics
1134:physical therapists
685:Vaccines and autism
675:Anti-vaccinationism
668:OPV AIDS hypothesis
470:Megavitamin therapy
383:Functional medicine
160:Applied kinesiology
56:General information
1141:joint dislocations
1122:joint manipulation
1053:Leaky gut syndrome
1028:Aerotoxic syndrome
965:Prophetic medicine
663:HIV/AIDS denialism
490:Myofascial release
398:Holistic dentistry
378:Feldenkrais Method
358:Estrogen dominance
284:Conversion therapy
1690:978-0-7817-4293-1
1650:978-1-905-88686-9
1111:
1110:
838:Chinese herbology
595:Scientific racism
560:Psychodermatology
465:Medical intuitive
445:Lightning Process
403:Hologram bracelet
351:Therapeutic touch
252:Christian Science
225:Cancer treatments
1932:
1920:Physical therapy
1905:
1904:
1901:10.1038/133516c0
1876:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1821:
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1701:
1695:
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1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1587:"REGINA DAL CIN"
1583:
1577:
1576:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1377:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1301:
1265:
1161:Ancient Egyptian
1159:, describes the
1103:
1096:
1089:
853:Gill plate trade
615:Vaginal steaming
262:Colloidal silver
230:Charcoal cleanse
49:
26:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1829:
1825:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1703:
1702:
1698:
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1670:
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1665:
1655:
1653:
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1636:
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1631:
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1606:
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1456:
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1448:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1276:
1263:
1259:
1217:
1153:
1116:is a type of a
1107:
1078:
1077:
1023:Adrenal fatigue
1018:
1010:
1009:
784:Southern Africa
769:
759:
758:
729:
727:Classifications
719:
718:
695:in chiropractic
653:
645:
644:
565:Quantum healing
555:Psychic surgery
430:Ionized jewelry
393:Herbal medicine
341:Esoteric energy
331:Energy medicine
299:Cupping therapy
294:Crystal healing
267:Colon cleansing
205:Bowen technique
175:Auriculotherapy
130:
122:
121:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1871:
1844:
1823:
1788:
1747:
1696:
1689:
1663:
1649:
1629:
1604:
1578:
1559:(5): 416–441.
1543:
1520:
1513:
1490:
1469:(1): 115–119.
1446:
1425:(1): 115–119.
1405:
1345:
1316:(3): 165–174.
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1258:
1255:
1216:
1213:
1194:Regina Dal Cin
1152:
1149:
1145:bone fractures
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1015:
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1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
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962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
873:Pressure point
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
804:
803:
798:
788:
787:
786:
781:
770:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
754:Energy therapy
751:
746:
741:
736:
730:
725:
724:
721:
720:
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704:
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692:
687:
682:
672:
671:
670:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
640:Zero balancing
637:
632:
627:
625:Vision therapy
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
540:Parapsychology
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
460:Manual therapy
457:
455:Magnet therapy
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
416:
415:
405:
400:
395:
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385:
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370:
365:
360:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
328:
323:
318:
317:
316:
309:Detoxification
306:
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102:
97:
92:
87:
86:(health fraud)
81:
76:
75:
74:
69:
58:
55:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1937:
1926:
1925:Pseudoscience
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
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1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1798:Med Anthropol
1792:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1767:(4): 564–74.
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
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1401:
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1371:
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1341:
1337:
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1315:
1311:
1307:
1300:
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1287:
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1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
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1269:
1256:
1254:
1252:
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1247:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1201:
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1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1143:and "re-set"
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:chiropractors
1123:
1119:
1118:folk medicine
1115:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1069:
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1059:
1056:
1054:
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1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
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1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Faith healing
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
818:Bush medicine
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:Balneotherapy
806:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
771:
768:
763:
762:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
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990:Thai massage
960:Naftalan oil
833:Blood stasis
712:Turbo cancer
600:ThetaHealing
525:Osteomyology
425:Hypnotherapy
420:Hydrotherapy
326:Ear candling
321:Dry needling
272:Coffee enema
235:Chiropractic
200:Bone-setting
199:
180:Bates method
165:Aromatherapy
1656:21 February
1622:21 February
1597:21 February
950:Mien Shiang
868:Moxibustion
580:Reflexology
505:Oil pulling
500:Naturopathy
440:Jilly Juice
220:Camel urine
190:Black salve
140:Acupuncture
135:Acupressure
100:Antiscience
72:Terminology
1914:Categories
1854:The Lancet
1540:, 189–190.
1514:1857432282
1400:2258185317
1368:(1): 225.
1292:References
1286:Osteopathy
1225:orthopedic
1198:congenital
1182:Sally Mapp
1172:Midlands.
1130:osteopaths
1048:Heavy legs
1005:Vietnamese
985:Sri Lankan
545:Phrenology
530:Osteopathy
520:Orthopathy
408:Homeopathy
314:Foot detox
210:Breathwork
155:Apitherapy
110:Scientific
105:Skepticism
1840:556599003
1251:endireita
970:Shamanism
955:Mongolian
930:Kayakalpa
905:Curandero
823:Cambodian
813:Brazilian
610:Urophagia
570:Radionics
475:Mesmerism
435:Iridology
1783:17445148
1742:21270953
1716:: 20–6.
1573:13209239
1565:44443890
1485:21196555
1441:21196555
1396:ProQuest
1392:23092361
1384:20589600
1340:19066664
1274:See also
1234:sekkotsu
1219:In some
940:Japanese
883:San Jiao
863:Meridian
791:Ayurveda
630:Vitalism
195:Bodywork
84:Quackery
31:a series
1889:Bibcode
1818:8757711
1733:3027080
1331:2565620
1151:History
995:Tibetan
975:Shiatsu
920:Iranian
900:Chumash
893:Zang-fu
858:Long gu
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67:History
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1268:Nature
1246:die-da
1178:quacks
1138:reduce
1063:PANDAS
980:Siddha
945:Korean
888:Tui na
843:Dit da
510:Orgone
1683:–76.
1561:JSTOR
1388:S2CID
1190:Epsom
1000:Unani
935:Kambo
915:Hilot
796:Dosha
346:Reiki
1836:OCLC
1814:PMID
1779:PMID
1738:PMID
1685:ISBN
1658:2023
1645:ISBN
1624:2023
1599:2023
1569:PMID
1509:ISBN
1481:PMID
1467:93-B
1437:PMID
1423:93-B
1380:PMID
1336:PMID
1206:The
1132:and
925:Jamu
801:MVAH
779:Muti
585:RBOP
495:NAET
1897:doi
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