1353:
provided by the Center for
Intramural Research. They found that black patients were 41% less likely to receive colorectal treatment and were more likely to be hospitalized in a teaching hospital with less certified physicians compared to white patients. Furthermore, black patients were more likely to be diagnosed with oncologic sequelae, which is a severity of the illness in result of poorly treated cancer. Lastly, for every 1,000 patients in the hospital, there were 137.4 black patient deaths and 95.6 white patient deaths.
42:
1211:
but if a new treatment proves effective or more effective than standard treatment, study patients who receive it may be among the first to benefit. There is no guarantee that a new treatment being tested or a standard treatment will produce good results. In children with cancer, a survey of trials found that those enrolled in trials were on average not more likely to do better or worse than those on standard treatment; this confirms that success or failure of an experimental treatment cannot be predicted.
329:. The effects of radiation therapy are localised and confined to the region being treated. Although radiation damages both cancer cells and normal cells, most normal cells can recover from the effects of radiation and function properly. The goal of radiation therapy is to damage as many cancer cells as possible, while limiting harm to nearby healthy tissue. Hence, it is given in many fractions, allowing healthy tissue to recover between fractions.
1260:" refers to compounds used instead of conventional medicine. CAM use is common among people with cancer; a 2000 study found that 69% of cancer patients had used at least one CAM therapy as part of their cancer treatment. Most complementary and alternative medicines for cancer have not been rigorously studied or tested. Some alternative treatments which have been investigated and shown to be ineffective continue to be marketed and promoted.
1239:
and allowing for angiogenesis. Studies are currently being done with "Lectin affinity plasmapheresis" (LAP), LAP is a blood filtration method which selectively targets the tumor based exosomes and removes them from the bloodstream. It is believed that decreasing the tumor-secreted exosomes in a patient's bloodstream will slow down progression of the cancer while at the same time increasing the patients own immune response.
572:
1344:
factor in high death rates. Minorities are more likely to receive inadequate treatment while white patients are more likely to receive efficient treatments in a timely manner. Having satisfactory treatment in a timely manner can increase the patient's likelihood of survival. It has been shown that chances of survival are significantly greater for white patients than for
African American patients.
708:, cancer cells can commandeer this physiological regulatory system to "put a brake" on the anti-cancer immune response and evade immune surveillance. 2018 Nobel Prize in medicine is awarded to Dr. James Allison of University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in U.S. and Dr. Tasuku Honjo Kyoto University in Japan for their contributions in advance of PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint therapy.
820:
1140:
inflict pain but also cause patients to become mentally exhausted and want to give up. For a lot of reasons including these, hospitals offer many types of therapy and mental healing. Some of these include yoga, meditation, communication therapy, and spiritual ideas. All of these are meant to calm and relax the mind, or to give hope for the patients that may feel drained.
278:. In breast cancer, the survival rate of patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy are no different from those who are treated following surgery. Giving chemotherapy earlier allows oncologists to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy, and may make removal of the tumor easier. However, the survival advantages of neoadjuvant treatment in lung cancer are less clear.
1374:
this explains why fewer
African Americans receive treatment. Others suggest that African Americans seek more treatment than whites and that it is simply a lack of the resources available to them. In this case, analyzing these studies will identify the treatment disparities and look to prevent them by discovering potential causes of these disparities.
1199:, also called research studies, test new treatments in people with cancer. The goal of this research is to find better ways to treat cancer and help cancer patients. Clinical trials test many types of treatment such as new drugs, new approaches to surgery or radiation therapy, new combinations of treatments, or new methods such as
808:
uncertain whether improved outcomes with exercise are correlated or causative, the benefit-risk ratio of including exercise as part of cancer treatment is large, as exercise has further benefits (e.g. cardiovascular, mental health) without major risks, although there is a small risk of overuse injury if added too aggressively.
412:(TBI). This treatment ablates the bone marrow, and hence the body's ability to recover and repopulate the blood. For this reason, bone marrow, or peripheral blood stem cell harvesting is carried out before the ablative part of the therapy, to enable "rescue" after the treatment has been given. This is known as autologous
1177:
at home, or in a dedicated hospice institution, for a person with an advanced illness termed as terminal. Untreated cancer will prove terminal, and sometimes a choice is made to forgo treatment and its unpleasant side effects, and opt instead for hospice care. Hospice care aims to provide support for
1139:
Cancer patients undergo many obstacles and one of these includes mental strain. It is very common for cancer patients to become stressed, overwhelmed, uncertain, and even depressed. The use of chemo is a very harsh treatment causing the cells of the body to die. Physical effects like this do not only
211:
model of cancer progression, tumors grow locally, then spread to the lymph nodes, then to the rest of the body. This has given rise to the popularity of local-only treatments such as surgery for small cancers. Even small localized tumors are increasingly recognized as possessing metastatic potential.
1385:
Among lung cancer patients, stigma, shame, social isolation, and discrimination are common. Such patients are sometimes told that they deserve cancer because of their smoking. Those patients also may have feelings of guilt for having cancer. Stigma in cervical cancer was predominantly driven by fear
1356:
An article in a breast cancer journal analyzed the disparities of breast cancer treatments in the
Appalachian Mountains. African American women were found to be three times more likely to die compared to Asians and two times more likely to die compared to white women. According to the study, African
1343:
Cancer is a significant issue that is affecting the world. Specifically in the U.S., 1,735,350 new cases of cancer, and 609,640 deaths were expected by the end of 2018. Adequate treatment can prevent many cancer deaths but there are racial and social disparities in treatments which has a significant
1238:
Exosomes, secreted by tumors, are also believed to be responsible for triggering programmed cell death (apoptosis) of immune cells; interrupting T-cell signaling required to mount an immune response; inhibiting the production of anti-cancer cytokines, and has implications in the spread of metastasis
1161:
Decreased muscle strength is a common side effect to many different cancer treatments. Because of this, exercise is very important especially in the first year after treatment. It has been shown that yoga, water exercise, and pilates can improve the emotional well-being and quality of life of breast
1100:
can be associated with continuing tissue damage due to the disease process, or the treatment (i.e. surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). There is always a role for environmental factors and affective disturbances in the genesis of pain behaviors, However these are not usually the predominant etiologic
490:
surrounding the tumor. Radionuclides which are attached to these peptides (e.g. RGDs) eventually kill the cancer cell if the nuclide decays in the vicinity of the cell. Especially oligo- or multimers of these binding motifs are of great interest, since this can lead to enhanced tumor specificity and
396:
Since chemotherapy affects the whole body, it can have a wide range of side effects. Patients often find that they start losing their hair since the drugs that are combatting the cancer cells also attack the cells in the hair roots. This powerful treatment can also lead to fatigue, loss of appetite,
1390:
infection and cervical cancer were stigmatized due to the perception that they arise from reckless behavior such as having multiple sexual partners or neglecting screening. Resilience may be a potent protective mechanism against stigmatization. Resilience in context of cancer treatment is patient's
1352:
and an adjuvant trial found that there was no evidence to support racial differences in treating colorectal cancer. However, two studies suggested that
African American patients received less satisfactory and poorer quality treatment compared to white patients. One of these studies specifically was
190:
The treatment of cancer has undergone evolutionary changes as understanding of the underlying biological processes has increased. Tumor removal surgeries have been documented in ancient Egypt, hormone therapy and radiation therapy were developed in the late 19th century. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy
2985:
Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, Friedlander M, Vergote I, Rustin G, Scott CL, Meier W, Shapira-Frommer R, Safra T, Matei D, Fielding A, Spencer S, Dougherty B, Orr M, Hodgson D, Barrett JC, Matulonis U (July 2014). "Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed serous
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or no insurance compared to other races. The location of the health care facility also plays a role in why
African Americans receive less treatment in comparison to other races. However, some studies say that African Americans do not trust doctors and do not always seek the help they need and that
1222:
are lipid-covered microvesicles shed by solid tumors into bodily fluids, such as blood and urine. Current research is being done attempting to use exosomes as a detection and monitoring method for a variety of cancers. The hope is to be able to detect cancer with a high sensitivity and specificity
1210:
Patients who take part may be helped personally by the treatment they receive. They get up-to-date care from cancer experts, and they receive either a new treatment being tested or the best available standard treatment for their cancer. At the same time, new treatments also may have unknown risks,
1181:
Advance care planning (ACP) can help a person to decide for themself their future care wishes as they approach end of life. ACP helps adults at any stage of health to decide, and record in writing, their wishes for medical treatment preferences, and future wants, preferably as previously discussed
1036:
Stage 4 patients only undergo surgery if it is for the prevention of the cancer, along with pain relief. If the pain continues with these two options, the doctor might recommended radiation therapy. The main treatment strategy is chemotherapy due to how aggressive the cancer becomes in this stage,
1347:
The annual average mortality of patients with colorectal cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 27 and 18.5 per 100,000 white patients and 35.4 and 25.3 per 100,000 black patients. In a journal that analyzed multiple studies testing racial disparities when treating colorectal cancer found contradicting
1234:
has been proven to directly detect melanoma derived exosomes from fluid samples. Previously, exosomes had been measured by total protein content in purified samples and by indirect immunomodulatory effects. ELLSA directly measures exosome particles in complex solutions, and has already been found
1364:
From these studies, researchers have noted that there are definite disparities in the treatment of cancer, specifically who has access to the best treatment and can receive it in a timely manner. This eventually leads to disparities between who dies from cancer and who is more likely to survive.
1032:
Stage 3, is where the cancer has spread all throughout the lymph nodes but not yet to other organs or body parts. When getting to this stage, Surgery is conducted on the colon and lymph nodes, then the doctor orders
Chemotherapy (FOLFOX or CapeOx) to treat the colon cancer in the location needed
1206:
A clinical trial is one of the final stages of a long and careful cancer research process. The search for new treatments begins in the laboratory, where scientists first develop and test new ideas. If an approach seems promising, the next step may be testing a treatment in animals to see how it
807:
Exercise prescription is becoming a mainstream adjunct treatment for cancer, based on studies which show that exercise (compared to no exercise) is associated with reduced recurrence rates, improved mortality outcomes, reduction of side effects from traditional cancer treatments. Although it is
1109:
and health care consumption can be concerns and may need to be addressed for the person to feel comfortable taking the medications required to control his or her symptoms. The typical strategy for cancer pain management is to get the patient as comfortable as possible using the least amount of
1148:
A common disorder experienced by people that have survived cancer treatments is insomnia. Almost 60% of cancer survivors experience insomnia, and if it is not treated properly it can have long term effects on physiological and physical health. Insomnia is defined as dissatisfaction with sleep
1256:(CAM) treatments are the diverse group of medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not part of conventional medicine and have not been shown to be effective. "Complementary medicine" refers to methods and substances used along with conventional medicine, while "
340:. Radiation dose to each site depends on a number of factors, including the radio sensitivity of each cancer type and whether there are tissues and organs nearby that may be damaged by radiation. Thus, as with every form of treatment, radiation therapy is not without its side effects.
1391:
physiological and psychological capacity to effectively adapt, recover, and maintain optimal functioning in the face of the medical challenges. It encompasses the ability to cope with and overcome adversity, maintain emotional well-being, and promote overall health and healing.
369:("anticancer drugs") that can destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be given in a variety of ways such as injections into the muscles, skin, artery, or vein, or it could even be taken by mouth in the form of a pill. In current usage, the term "chemotherapy" usually refers to
231:
for non-small cell lung cancer. The goal of the surgery can be either the removal of only the tumor, the entire organ, or part of the organ. A single cancer cell is invisible to the naked eye but can regrow into a new tumor, a process called recurrence. For this reason, the
930:
for use in BRCA-associated ovarian cancer that had previously been treated with chemotherapy. The FDA, in 2016, also approved the PARP inhibitor rucaparib to treat women with advanced ovarian cancer who have already been treated with at least two chemotherapies and have a
430:
Targeted therapy, which first became available in the late 1990s, has had a significant impact in the treatment of some types of cancer, and is currently a very active research area. This constitutes the use of agents specific for the deregulated proteins of cancer cells.
841:
arises when a combination of deficiencies in the expression of two or more genes leads to cell death, whereas a deficiency in only one of these genes does not. The deficiencies can arise through mutations, epigenetic alterations or inhibitors of one or both of the genes.
1207:
affects cancer in a living being and whether it has harmful effects. Of course, treatments that work well in the lab or in animals do not always work well in people. Studies are done with cancer patients to find out whether promising treatments are safe and effective.
1368:
The cause of these disparities is generally that
African Americans have less medical care coverage, insurance and access cancer centers than other races. For an example, black patients with breast cancer and colorectal cancer were shown to be more likely to have
1421:
681:
are used has been in practice in Japan since 1990. NK cells and TCs primarily kill the cancer cells when they are developed. This treatment is given together with the other modes of treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy and termed
3021:
Ding X, Ray
Chaudhuri A, Callen E, Pang Y, Biswas K, Klarmann KD, Martin BK, Burkett S, Cleveland L, Stauffer S, Sullivan T, Dewan A, Marks H, Tubbs AT, Wong N, Buehler E, Akagi K, Martin SE, Keller JR, Nussenzweig A, Sharan SK (August 2016).
389:, while normal cells generally can. Hence, chemotherapy has the potential to harm healthy tissue, especially those tissues that have a high replacement rate (e.g. intestinal lining). These cells usually repair themselves after chemotherapy.
347:
from exposure of salivary glands to radiation, resulting in decreased saliva secretion. Post therapy, the salivary glands will resume functioning but rarely in the same fashion. Dry mouth caused by radiation can be a permanent problem.
191:
and newer targeted therapies are products of the 20th century. As new information about the biology of cancer emerges, treatments will be developed and modified to increase effectiveness, precision, survivability, and quality of life.
1313:
when the child is viable in order to begin a more aggressive cancer treatment, or, if the cancer is malignant enough that the mother is unlikely to be able to wait that long, to perform an abortion in order to treat the cancer.
1290:
Even if a drug has been tested as not crossing the placenta to reach the child, some cancer forms can harm the placenta and make the drug pass over it anyway. Some forms of skin cancer may even metastasize to the child's body.
1357:
American women are at a survival disadvantage compared to other races. Black women are also more likely to receive less successful treatment than white women by not receiving surgery or therapy. Furthermore, the US
2394:
Damodar S, Terunuma H, Sheriff AK, Farzana L, Manjunath S, Senthilkumar R, Shastikumar G, Abraham S. "Autologous Immune
Enhancement Therapy (AIET) for a Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Our Experience" in
4829:
Chahine S, Urquhart R (October 2019). "A cross-sectional population-based survey looking at the impact of cancer survivorship care plans on meeting the needs of cancer survivors in the posttreatment stage".
1029:
Stage 2 patients undergoes removing nearby lymph nodes, but depending on what the doctor says, the patent might have to undergo chemotherapy after surgery (if the cancer is at higher risk of coming back).
392:
Because some drugs work better together than alone, two or more drugs are often given at the same time. This is called "combination chemotherapy"; most chemotherapy regimens are given in a combination.
4907:
Piazza MF, Galletta M, Portoghese I, Pilia I, Ionta MT, Contu P, Mereu A, Campagna M (August 2017). "Meeting psychosocial and health information needs to ensure quality of cancer care in outpatients".
385:. Most forms of chemotherapy target all rapidly dividing cells and are not specific to cancer cells, although some degree of specificity may come from the inability of many cancer cells to repair
1056:
of cancer patients, and plays an important role in the decision whether the patient is able to undergo other treatments. In general, doctors have the therapeutic skills to reduce pain including,
722:
The growth of some cancers can be inhibited by providing or blocking certain hormones. Common examples of hormone-sensitive tumors include certain types of breast and prostate cancers. Blocking
4997:
1223:
via detection of specific exosomes in the blood or urine. The same process can also be used to more accurately monitor a patient's treatment progress. Enzyme linked lectin specific assay or
704:(PD-1). Under normal conditions, the immune system utilizes checkpoint proteins as negative feedback mechanisms to return to homeostasis once pathogens have been cleared from the body. In a
1287:
Radiation therapy is out of the question, and chemotherapy always poses the risk of miscarriage and congenital malformations. Little is known about the effects of medications on the child.
2055:
Li L, Hobson L, Perry L, Clark B, Heavey S, Haider A, Sridhar A, Shaw G, Kelly J, Freeman A, Wilson I, Whitaker H, Nurmemmedov E, Oltean S, Porazinski S, Ladomery M (15 September 2020).
528:
High-energy therapeutic ultrasound could increase higher-density anti-cancer drug load and nanomedicines to target tumor sites by 20x fold higher than traditional target cancer therapy.
4722:
Li S, Wang X, Wang M, Jiang Y, Mai Q, Wu J, Ye Z (October 2023). "Association between stigma and sleep quality in patients with breast cancer: A latent profile and mediation analysis".
3922:
734:
may be therapeutically beneficial. Although the side effects from hormone therapy vary depending on the type, patients can experience symptoms such as hot flashes, nausea, and fatigue.
2245:
Ryan SL, Beard S, Barr MP, Umezawa K, Heavey S, Godwin P, Gray SG, Cormican D, Finn SP, Gately KA, Davies AM, Thompson EW, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Adams MN, Baird AM (September 2019).
3118:
Agrelo R, Cheng WH, Setien F, Ropero S, Espada J, Fraga MF, Herranz M, Paz MF, Sanchez-Cespedes M, Artiga MJ, Guerrero D, Castells A, von Kobbe C, Bohr VA, Esteller M (June 2006).
857:), and a compensating DNA repair pathway is inhibited, then the tumor cells may be killed by synthetic lethality. Non-tumorous cells, with the initial pathway intact, can survive.
182:
is involved when the prognosis is poor and the cancer termed as terminal. There are many types of cancer, and many of these can be successfully treated if detected early enough.
3603:"Are experimental treatments for cancer in children superior to established treatments? Observational study of randomised controlled trials by the Children's Oncology Group"
4339:, Glaefke G, Moe R, Bergner M, Rodenbaugh J (1989). "Treatment Modality and Quality Differences for Black and White Breast-Cancer Patients Treated in Community Hospitals".
236:
will examine the surgical specimen to determine if a margin of healthy tissue is present, thus decreasing the chance that microscopic cancer cells are left in the patient.
4119:
Shugarman LR, Mack K, Sorbero ME, Tian H, Jain AK, Ashwood JS, Asch SM (2009). "Race and Sex Differences in the Receipt of Timely and Appropriate Lung Cancer Treatment".
4090:
2246:
1125:
also noted uncontrolled cancer pain as a worldwide problem and established a "ladder" as a guideline for how practitioners should treat pain in patients who have cancer
670:. For this reason, allogeneic HSCT leads to a higher cure rate than autologous transplantation for several cancer types, although the side effects are also more severe.
1533:
666:) from a genetically non-identical donor can be considered a form of immunotherapy, since the donor's immune cells will often attack the tumor in a phenomenon known as
1787:
1431:
3694:
3723:
509:; PDT can also be useful in removing traces of malignant tissue after surgical removal of large tumors. In February 2019, medical scientists announced that
697:
2782:
Cormie P, Zopf EM, Zhang X, Schmitz KH (1 January 2017). "The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects".
3430:
Peoples AR, Garland SN, Pigeon WR, Perlis ML, Wolf JR, Heffner KL, Mustian KM, Heckler CE, Peppone LJ, Kamen CS, Morrow GR, Roscoe JA (15 January 2019).
3939:, Greisinger A, Singletary SE (July 2000). "Complementary/alternative medicine use in a comprehensive cancer center and the implications for oncology".
1052:
Although the control of the symptoms of cancer is not typically thought of as a treatment directed at the cancer, it is an important determinant of the
3803:
Ichim TE, Zhong Z, Kaushal S, Zheng X, Ren X, Hao X, Joyce JA, Hanley HH, Riordan NH, Koropatnick J, Bogin V, Minev BR, Min WP, Tullis RH (July 2008).
1441:
1057:
175:
are continuously under development. In 2023 it was estimated that one in five people will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime.
1361:
panel identified breast cancer treatments, given to black women, as inappropriate and not adequate compared to the treatment given to white women.
1113:
Historically, doctors were reluctant to prescribe narcotics to terminal cancer patients due to addiction and respiratory function suppression. The
4648:
Knapp-Oliver S, Moyer A (2012). "Causal Attributions Predict Willingness to Support the Allocation of Funding to Lung Cancer Treatment Programs".
1101:
factors in patients with cancer pain. Some patients with severe pain associated with cancer are nearing the end of their lives, but in all cases,
667:
659:
178:
The primary goal of cancer treatment is to either cure the cancer by its complete removal, or to considerably prolong the life of the individual.
3777:
1227:
976:
955:
3230:
Ong L, Visser M, Lammes F, de Haes J (September 2000). "DoctorβPatient communication and cancer patients' quality of life and satisfaction".
1309:
As a consequence of the difficulties to properly diagnose and treat cancer during pregnancy, the alternative methods are either to perform a
3856:
3265:
McClain CS, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W (May 2003). "Effect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients".
3081:"FDA approves Lynparza to treat advanced ovarian cancer: First LDT companion diagnostic test also approved to identify appropriate patients"
1382:
Despite recognition of improvements in outcomes, visceral fear of the disease is ubiquitous, and people may have to struggle to control it.
3205:
2909:
Kennedy RD, D'Andrea AD (August 2006). "DNA repair pathways in clinical practice: lessons from pediatric cancer susceptibility syndromes".
1326:
is the most common type of fetal tumor, and usually is benign. In some cases these are surgically treated while the fetus is still in the
3739:
Rabinowits G, Gerçel-Taylor C, Day JM, Taylor DD, Kloecker GH (January 2009). "Exosomal microRNA: a diagnostic marker for lung cancer".
2613:
4817:
898:
4273:
3650:
Taylor DD, Gercel-Taylor C (July 2008). "MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer".
1000:
gene promoters, so that WRN protein expression was high. Irinotecan was more strongly beneficial for patients with hypermethylated
1841:
1386:
of social judgment and rejection, self-blame, and shame, with notable negative influences from gender and social norms, as both
2147:
Heavey S, Cuffe S, Finn S, Young V, Ryan R, Nicholson S, Leonard N, McVeigh N, Barr M, O'Byrne K, Gately K (29 November 2016).
1026:
Stage 1, depending on the location of the cancer in the colon and lymph nodes, the patient undergoes surgery just like Stage 0.
701:
4094:
67:
4867:
Colby DA, Shifren K (1 January 2013). "Optimism, mental health, and quality of life: A study among breast cancer patients".
4675:
Peterson CE, Silva A, Goben AH, Ongtengco NP, Hu EZ, Khanna D, Nussbaum ER, Jasenof IG, Kim SJ, Dykens JA (December 2021).
4297:
Holmes L, Opara F, Hossain J (2010). "A Five-Year Breast Cancer-Specific Survival Disadvantage of African American Women".
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are drugs to suppress nausea and vomiting. These are very commonly used in patients with cancer-related symptoms. Improved
1416:
1248:
1191:
172:
3489:"Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial"
1636:
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duration or quality and difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep. Insomnia can heavily reduce one's quality of life.
3080:
1150:
3720:
3547:
5026:
4447:
Schnittker J, Pescosolido BA, Croghan TW (May 2005). "Are African Americans Really Less Willing to Use Health Care?".
2057:"Targeting the ERG oncogene with splice-switching oligonucleotides as a novel therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer"
717:
453:
109:
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Palmer RC, Schneider EC (2005). "Social Disparities across the Continuum of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review".
602:
439:
domains on mutated, overexpressed, or otherwise critical proteins within the cancer cell. Prominent examples are the
1851:
377:(see below). Chemotherapy drugs interfere with cell division in various possible ways, e.g. with the duplication of
5021:
1299:
650:
322:
4226:
Ball JK, Elixhauser A (September 1996). "Treatment Differences Between Blacks and Whites with Colorectal Cancer".
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capable of detecting exosomes from other sources, including ovarian cancer and tuberculosis-infected macrophages.
274:
Surgery may be performed before or after other forms of treatment. Treatment before surgery is often described as
1446:
1358:
1122:
816:
specialists can assist oncologists and primary care practitioners with exercise prescription in cancer patients.
440:
3310:"Acupuncture Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial"
2986:
ovarian cancer: a preplanned retrospective analysis of outcomes by BRCA status in a randomised phase 2 trial".
2112:
Heavey S, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K (April 2014). "Strategies for co-targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in NSCLC".
1426:
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Cancer treatment needs to be selected to do least harm to both the woman and her embryo/fetus. In some cases a
884:
846:
786:
601:
to fight the tumor. Contemporary methods for generating an immune response against tumors include intravesical
2739:
Christensen JF, Simonsen C, Hojman P (13 December 2018). "Exercise Training in Cancer Control and Treatment".
2455:
Sivaraman G, Pandian A, Baskar S, Senthil K, Senthilnagarajan R, Srinivasan V, Dedeepiya V, Abraham S (2008).
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peptides to induce a specific immune response against prostate-derived cells. It gained FDA approval in 2010.
148:. Most commonly cancer treatment involves a series of separate therapies such as chemotherapy before surgery.
3601:
Kumar A, Soares H, Wells R, Clarke M, Hozo I, Bleyer A, Reaman G, Chalmers I, Djulbegovic B (December 2005).
3308:
Garland SN, Xie SX, DuHamel K, Bao T, Li Q, Barg FK, Song S, Kantoff P, Gehrman P, Mao JJ (1 December 2019).
2295:
Heavey S, Godwin P, Baird AM, Barr MP, Umezawa K, Cuffe S, Finn SP, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K (10 October 2014).
1451:
1401:
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is a very common symptom of cancer, and there are a number of approaches put forward for helping with this.
730:
is often an important additional treatment. In certain cancers, administration of hormone agonists, such as
260:
208:
41:
3181:"American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin"
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Stage 0, is where the patient is required to undergo surgery to remove the polyp (American Cancer Society).
497:(PDT) is a ternary treatment for cancer involving a photosensitizer, tissue oxygen, and light (often using
3983:
1128:
748:
743:
705:
409:
149:
1506:
321:) within the cells that can in turn damage the DNA. Radiation therapy can be administered externally via
4972:"Radiation Therapy for Brain Cancer | CTCA." CancerCenter.com. N.p., 1 January 0001. Web. 21 March 2017.
1932:
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movement, has engendered more widespread support for preemptive pain treatment for cancer patients. The
1060:, diarrhea, hemorrhage and other common problems in cancer patients. The multidisciplinary specialty of
809:
802:
548:
121:
2149:"In pursuit of synergy: An investigation of the PI3K/mTOR/MEK co-targeted inhibition strategy in NSCLC"
332:
Radiation therapy may be used to treat almost every type of solid tumor, and may also be used to treat
2584:
2014:
Mo S, Carlisle R, Laga R, Myers R, Graham S, Cawood R, Ulbrich K, Seymour L, Coussios CC (July 2015).
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583:
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268:
233:
141:
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3781:
3365:
Morin CM, Drake CL, Harvey AG, Krystal AD, Manber R, Riemann D, Spiegelhalder K (3 September 2015).
3096:"Press Announcements - FDA grants accelerated approval to new treatment for advanced ovarian cancer"
1936:
1224:
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which specifically binds to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells. Examples include the anti-
4476:"Public perceptions of cancer: a qualitative study of the balance of positive and negative beliefs"
2196:
Luszczak S, Kumar C, Sathyadevan VK, Simpson BS, Gately KA, Whitaker HC, Heavey S (December 2020).
1295:
989:
838:
833:
674:
314:
228:
117:
4936:
Northouse LL (1 September 2012). "Helping Patients and Their Family Caregivers Cope With Cancer".
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has increased specifically in response to the symptom control needs for these groups of patients.
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4855:
4796:
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4704:
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4410:
4372:
4356:
4306:
4279:
4203:
4187:
4152:
4136:
4009:
3895:
3887:
3711:
3703:
3412:
3290:
2891:
2848:
2764:
2437:
2277:
2094:
1914:
1720:
1436:
854:
850:
634:
302:
164:
4572:
Knapp-Oliver S, Moyer A (2009). "Visibility and the Stigmatization of Cancer: Context Matters".
2016:"Increasing the density of nanomedicines improves their ultrasound-mediated delivery to tumours"
4953:
4924:
4884:
4847:
4788:
4739:
4696:
4676:
4630:
4554:
4505:
4418:
4364:
4314:
4269:
4243:
4195:
4144:
4061:
4001:
3956:
3879:
3836:
3756:
3686:
3667:
3632:
3526:
3508:
3469:
3451:
3404:
3396:
3347:
3329:
3282:
3247:
3159:
3061:
3003:
2967:
2926:
2883:
2840:
2799:
2756:
2721:
2672:
2566:
2517:
2468:
2429:
2377:
2326:
2269:
2227:
2178:
2129:
2086:
2037:
1996:
1969:
1906:
1769:
1712:
1662:
Subotic S, Wyler S, Bachmann A (August 2012). "Surgical Treatment of Localised Renal Cancer".
1618:
1411:
1406:
1219:
1013:
948:
911:
813:
756:
693:
298:
287:
264:
145:
105:
55:
47:
849:.) This DNA repair defect either may be due to mutation or, often, epigenetic silencing (see
4945:
4916:
4876:
4839:
4778:
4731:
4688:
4657:
4620:
4612:
4581:
4544:
4536:
4525:"Multilevel Opportunities to Address Lung Cancer Stigma across the Cancer Control Continuum"
4495:
4487:
4456:
4402:
4348:
4235:
4179:
4128:
4051:
4043:
3993:
3948:
3871:
3826:
3816:
3748:
3678:
3659:
3622:
3614:
3516:
3500:
3459:
3443:
3386:
3378:
3337:
3321:
3309:
3274:
3239:
3149:
3139:
3051:
3043:
2995:
2957:
2918:
2875:
2830:
2791:
2748:
2711:
2703:
2662:
2652:
2556:
2507:
2499:
2419:
2409:
2367:
2357:
2316:
2308:
2261:
2217:
2209:
2168:
2160:
2121:
2076:
2068:
2027:
1986:
1978:
1898:
1759:
1751:
1702:
1671:
1608:
1600:
1456:
1310:
678:
552:
479:
425:
256:
168:
156:
113:
2488:"CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways: Similarities, Differences, and Implications of Their Inhibition"
1019:
There are five different stages of colon cancer, and these five stages all have treatment:
5031:
4992:
4903:"How Does Radiation Therapy Work?" American Cancer Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 March 2017.
3727:
1481:
1303:
1231:
1174:
1114:
1061:
1053:
982:
642:
630:
540:
518:
179:
4975:"Radiation Therapy for Cancer." National Cancer Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 March 2017.
1178:
the person's medical, emotional, social, practical, psychological, and spiritual needs.
981:
gene in patients with colon cancer. In a 2006 study, 45 patients had colonic tumors with
531:
Targeted therapies under pre-clinical development as potential cancer treatments include
4056:
4031:
3135:
3039:
2552:
2457:"Autologous Immune Enhancement therapy for Advanced Carcinoma of Pancreas-A Case Report"
1110:
medications possible, even if that means using opioids, surgery, and physical measures.
1105:
therapies should be used to control the pain. Issues such as the social stigma of using
4625:
4600:
4549:
4524:
4500:
4475:
3936:
3831:
3804:
3627:
3602:
3521:
3488:
3464:
3431:
3342:
3154:
3119:
3056:
3023:
2716:
2691:
2667:
2640:
2512:
2487:
2424:
2397:
2372:
2345:
2321:
2296:
2222:
2197:
2173:
2148:
2081:
2056:
1991:
1964:
1764:
1739:
1613:
1588:
1422:
Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries
1196:
923:
866:
790:
646:
626:
606:
597:
refers to a diverse set of therapeutic strategies designed to induce the patient's own
589:
240:
160:
125:
3278:
3243:
2999:
2456:
1561:
5015:
4987:
4896:
4800:
4751:
4708:
4661:
4585:
4352:
4239:
3120:"Epigenetic inactivation of the premature aging Werner syndrome gene in human cancer"
2895:
2852:
2639:
Al-Khayri JM, Sahana GR, Nagella P, Joseph BV, Alessa FM, Al-Mssallem MQ (May 2022).
2281:
2098:
1918:
1845:
598:
326:
318:
224:
171:
can help to determine the type of cancer, and indicate the best therapy. A number of
137:
4965:
4859:
4376:
4207:
4156:
4013:
3416:
3294:
2768:
2707:
2441:
1724:
1589:"Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges"
1273:
The incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer has risen due to the increasing age of
571:
4767:"Resilience and related factors in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review"
4430:
3891:
1872:
1200:
772:
752:
727:
638:
522:
362:
357:
293:
133:
101:
96:, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. Treatments can include
17:
3432:"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Reduces Depression in Cancer Survivors"
2265:
2032:
2015:
1965:"Nucleus-Targeted OrganoiridiumβAlbumin Conjugate for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy"
1815:
4880:
4132:
3875:
2962:
2945:
2503:
1675:
4692:
4677:"Stigma and cervical cancer prevention: A scoping review of the U.S. literature"
4491:
4336:
4332:
3952:
3805:"Exosomes as a tumor immune escape mechanism: possible therapeutic implications"
3682:
3663:
3618:
1941:
1097:
1087:
1083:
1047:
764:
731:
663:
506:
465:
317:. Radiation therapy can either damage DNA directly or create charged particles (
306:
275:
4920:
4843:
4783:
4766:
4735:
4540:
4523:
Hamann HA, Ver Hoeve ES, Carter-Harris L, Studts JL, Ostroff JS (August 2018).
4047:
4032:"The radiologist's role in a multidisciplinary approach to cancer in pregnancy"
3124:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2561:
2536:
2125:
1889:
Dolmans DE, Fukumura D, Jain RK (May 2003). "Photodynamic therapy for cancer".
1534:"FDA approves olaparib for adjuvant treatment of high-risk early breast cancer"
823:
Walking is usually an excellent exercise option as an adjunct cancer treatment.
763:
into distal tissues. There are many approved angiogenesis inhibitors including
4406:
4183:
4170:
Bigby JA, Holmes MD (2005). "Disparities across the Breast Cancer Continuum".
3997:
3391:
2657:
2213:
2198:"PIM kinase inhibition: co-targeted therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer"
2164:
2072:
1604:
1102:
1091:
1079:
966:
819:
760:
656:
610:
536:
532:
386:
382:
366:
248:
244:
220:
216:
204:
4616:
4460:
3512:
3504:
3455:
3400:
3366:
3333:
2922:
2879:
2835:
2818:
2247:"Targeting NF-ΞΊB-mediated inflammatory pathways in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC"
3144:
2866:
Orchard JW (April 2020). "Prescribing and dosing exercise in primary care".
2795:
2362:
1274:
1075:
1067:
778:
469:
447:
401:
344:
252:
239:
In addition to removal of the primary tumor, surgery is often necessary for
4957:
4949:
4928:
4888:
4851:
4792:
4743:
4700:
4634:
4558:
4509:
4422:
4318:
4283:
4199:
4148:
4065:
4005:
3960:
3919:
3883:
3840:
3821:
3760:
3752:
3690:
3671:
3636:
3530:
3473:
3408:
3351:
3286:
3251:
3163:
3065:
3007:
2971:
2930:
2887:
2844:
2803:
2760:
2725:
2676:
2570:
2521:
2472:
2433:
2381:
2330:
2273:
2231:
2182:
2133:
2090:
2041:
2000:
1982:
1910:
1773:
1716:
1622:
207:) to other sites, complete surgical excision is usually impossible. In the
4368:
4247:
3974:
Vickers A (2004). "Alternative cancer cures: "unproven" or "disproven"?".
3778:"Aethlon Medical Announces Data Against Metastatic Melanoma - Sep 9, 2010"
3700:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
3325:
2414:
3382:
2752:
2346:"Targeting Nuclear Factor-Kappa B to Overcome Resistance to Chemotherapy"
1370:
1323:
1071:
919:
853:). If this DNA repair defect is in one of seven DNA repair pathways (see
768:
723:
622:
614:
560:
486:
as "homing devices" which can bind to cell surface receptors or affected
461:
457:
443:
405:
337:
333:
129:
92:
are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of
60:
4414:
4310:
4191:
4140:
4030:
Harwin J, Jha P, Post A, Silverstein J, Van Loon K, Poder L (May 2023).
3047:
2297:"Strategic targeting of the PI3KβNFΞΊB axis in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC"
79:
4360:
4093:(in German). Curado. Associated Press. 20 February 2009. Archived from
2946:"Synthetic lethality: exploiting the addiction of cancer to DNA repair"
1277:. Cancers may also be detected incidentally during maternal screening.
1170:
1118:
1106:
1094:
have made aggressive treatments much more feasible in cancer patients.
514:
510:
483:
373:
drugs which affect rapidly dividing cells in general, in contrast with
200:
97:
3447:
2312:
1755:
1740:"Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions"
1153:
has been seen to reduce insomnia and depression for cancer survivors.
845:
Cancer cells are frequently deficient in a DNA repair gene. (Also see
633:
are the subject of intensive research for a number of tumors, notably
5006:
2398:"Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Regenerative Medicine(PASRM)"
1707:
1690:
1327:
975:
was synthetically lethal with deficient expression of the DNA repair
927:
576:
544:
498:
473:
436:
93:
2344:
Godwin P, Baird AM, Heavey S, Barr MP, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K (2013).
1937:"Simply shining light on dinosaur metal compound kills cancer cells"
1902:
887:
repair) are synthetically lethal with inhibition of DNA repair gene
3780:. Aethlonmedical.investorroom.com. 9 September 2010. Archived from
1004:
promoters (39.4 months survival) than for those with unmethylated
915:
905:
889:
879:
873:
818:
570:
525:
and, after being irradiated with light, destroy the cancer cells.
259:. Occasionally, surgery is necessary to control symptoms, such as
1587:
Fukumura D, Kloepper J, Amoozgar Z, Duda DG, Jain RK (May 2018).
1033:(American Cancer Society). The last a patient can get is Stage 4.
755:) that tumors need to survive and grow. Continued growth allows
971:
961:
782:
556:
243:, e.g. determining the extent of the disease and whether it has
2817:
Cormie P, Trevaskis M, Thornton-Benko E, Zopf EM (April 2020).
2641:"Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Molecules: A Review"
3772:
3770:
2690:
Ashcraft KA, Warner AB, Jones LW, Dewhirst MW (January 2019).
781:
have been shown to downregulate the angiogenic stimulation of
468:(Herceptin) used in breast cancer, and the anti-CD20 antibody
378:
310:
152:
are sometimes used to enhance the effects of immunotherapies.
1844:. In Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (eds.).
959:
gene appear to be synthetically lethal with inactivation of
435:
are targeted therapy drugs that are generally inhibitors of
3024:"Synthetic viability by BRCA2 and PARP1/ARTD1 deficiencies"
1689:
Mieog JS, van der Hage JA, van de Velde CJ (October 2007).
1322:
Fetal tumors are sometimes diagnosed while still in utero.
3180:
996:
expression), and 43 patients had tumors with unmethylated
1298:
is infeasible because of its high radiation dose. Still,
456:
is another strategy in which the therapeutic agent is an
4818:"Understanding What Cancer Is: Ancient Times to Present"
3923:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
2944:
Shaheen M, Allen C, Nickoloff JA, Hromas R (June 2011).
4091:"Krebstherapie in der Schwangerschaft extrem schwierig"
673:
The cell based immunotherapy in which the patients own
199:
Malignant tumours can be cured if entirely removed by
27:
Overview of various treatment possibilities for cancer
1691:"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer"
3857:"Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Cancer"
155:
The choice of therapy depends upon the location and
215:Examples of surgical procedures for cancer include
66:
54:
34:
4474:Robb KA, Simon AE, Miles A, Wardle J (July 2014).
4765:Sihvola S, Kuosmanen L, Kvist T (February 2022).
4264:Couto RA (2012). Ludke RL, Obermiller PJ (eds.).
3577:"Gold Standard Framework - Advance Care Planning"
3487:Odynets T, Briskin Y, Todorova V (January 2019).
2537:"Cancer immunologists scoop medicine Nobel prize"
2461:Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine
1012:gene promoter is hypermethylated in about 38% of
1816:"Chemotherapy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1432:List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
535:splice switching oligonucleotides, which induce
408:requires the use of high-dose chemotherapy, and
4601:"Identity threat and stigma in cancer patients"
2402:Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
1963:Zhang, Pingyu, et al. (15 December 2018).
1847:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
1306:cannot be used, since they cross the placenta.
751:prevent the extensive growth of blood vessels (
3314:JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1637:"Biomarker Testing for Cancer Treatment - NCI"
3175:
3173:
1294:Diagnosis is also made more difficult, since
1037:not only to the colon but to the lymph nodes.
8:
4599:Knapp S, Marziliano A, Moyer A (July 2014).
2535:Ledford H, Else H, Warren M (October 2018).
904:Ovarian cancers have a mutational defect in
2608:
2606:
953:In colon cancer, epigenetic defects in the
698:cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
3714:|...|intentional=yes}}
1556:
1554:
40:
4782:
4624:
4548:
4499:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4055:
4025:
4023:
3987:
3830:
3820:
3626:
3520:
3463:
3390:
3341:
3153:
3143:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3055:
2961:
2834:
2715:
2666:
2656:
2560:
2511:
2423:
2413:
2371:
2361:
2320:
2221:
2172:
2080:
2031:
1990:
1842:"Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy"
1788:"Sore mouth and problems with your teeth"
1763:
1738:Baskar R, Lee KA, Yeo R, Yeoh KW (2012).
1706:
1612:
1476:
1474:
1472:
575:A renal cell carcinoma (lower left) in a
4996:) is being considered for deletion. See
3855:Cassileth BR, Deng G (1 February 2004).
2486:Buchbinder EI, Desai A (February 2016).
2202:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
1442:Timeline of cancer treatment development
1117:movement, a more recent offshoot of the
1058:chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
203:. But if the cancer has already spread (
3542:
3540:
2692:"Exercise as Adjunct Therapy in Cancer"
1879:(CRC, New York, 2009) Chapters 5, 7, 8.
1810:
1808:
1468:
660:hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
4299:African Journal of Reproductive Health
4221:
4219:
4217:
3571:
3569:
3206:"Managing and treating cancer fatigue"
2868:Australian Journal of General Practice
2823:Australian Journal of General Practice
1254:Complementary and alternative medicine
1008:promoters (20.7 months survival). The
563:in models of chemotherapy resistance.
397:and vomiting depending on the person.
31:
4442:
4440:
4388:
4386:
4259:
4257:
4114:
4112:
2492:American Journal of Clinical Oncology
684:autologous immune enhancement therapy
7:
4909:European Journal of Oncology Nursing
4650:Journal of Applied Social Psychology
4574:Journal of Applied Social Psychology
3083:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
501:). PDT can be used as treatment for
309:and shrink tumors by damaging their
251:. Staging is a major determinant of
3976:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
1507:"Targeted Therapy for Cancer - NCI"
1042:Symptom control and palliative care
590:Bladder cancer Β§ Immunotherapy
75:
3436:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
2819:"Exercise medicine in cancer care"
2585:"Hormone Therapy for Cancer - NCI"
899:microhomology-mediated end joining
851:epigenetic silencing of DNA repair
381:or the separation of newly formed
25:
5000:to help reach a consensus. βΊ
4869:Psychology, Health & Medicine
4266:Appalachian Health and Well-Being
3809:Journal of Translational Medicine
3581:www.goldstandardsframework.org.uk
3094:Commissioner Oo (18 March 2019).
1562:"Types of Cancer Treatment - NCI"
649:from the patient are loaded with
4662:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00945.x
4586:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00550.x
4353:10.1097/00005650-198910000-00005
4268:. University Press of Kentucky.
4240:10.1097/00005650-199609000-00008
3232:Patient Education and Counseling
617:to induce an immune response in
365:is the treatment of cancer with
2708:10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.001
2614:"Angiogenesis Inhibitors - NCI"
914:and 5% somatic mutations) (see
847:DNA repair deficiency in cancer
759:into neighbouring tissues, and
702:programmed cell death protein 1
641:is a vaccine-like strategy for
163:of the disease, as well as the
3845:DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0205-z
3371:Nature Reviews Disease Primers
2696:Seminars in Radiation Oncology
2408:(1): 40β56. 26 December 2006.
1695:The British Journal of Surgery
926:, was approved in 2014 by the
910:in about 18% of patients (13%
871:Mutations in DNA repair genes
605:immunotherapy for superficial
551:with other pathways including
343:Radiation therapy can lead to
173:experimental cancer treatments
1:
3279:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13310-7
3244:10.1016/S0738-3991(99)00108-1
3000:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70228-1
2266:10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.07.006
2033:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.265
2020:Journal of Controlled Release
1850:(11 ed.). Archived from
1840:Takimoto CH, Calvo E (2008).
1532:Research Cf (11 March 2022).
1417:Experimental cancer treatment
1339:Racial and social disparities
1249:Alternative cancer treatments
1243:Complementary and alternative
1192:Experimental cancer treatment
1048:Cancer pain Β§ Management
301:(radiotherapy) is the use of
4881:10.1080/13548506.2012.686619
4133:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181a393fe
3941:Journal of Clinical Oncology
3925:. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
3876:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-80
3493:Integrative Cancer Therapies
2963:10.1182/blood-2011-01-313734
2911:Journal of Clinical Oncology
2504:10.1097/COC.0000000000000239
2301:Cancer Biology & Therapy
1676:10.1016/j.eursup.2012.04.002
1664:European Urology Supplements
1151:Cognitive behavioral therapy
789:(HIF) but none have reached
547:inhibitors that inhibit the
4693:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106849
4492:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005434
4395:Cancer Causes & Control
4172:Cancer Causes & Control
3953:10.1200/JCO.2000.18.13.2505
3683:10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.06.002
3664:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.033
3619:10.1136/bmj.38628.561123.7C
718:Hormonal therapy (oncology)
454:Monoclonal antibody therapy
5048:
4921:10.1016/j.ejon.2017.06.001
4844:10.1007/s00520-019-04685-5
4784:10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102079
4736:10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102453
4541:10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.014
4048:10.1007/s00261-023-03809-0
3935:Richardson MA, Sanders T,
3079:Yao S (19 December 2014).
2562:10.1038/d41586-018-06751-0
2126:10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.006
1877:Tunable Laser Applications
1300:magnetic resonance imaging
1246:
1189:
1182:with relatives or carers.
1090:and analogues, as well as
1045:
946:
885:homologous recombinational
864:
831:
800:
741:
715:
651:prostatic acid phosphatase
637:and renal cell carcinoma.
587:
581:
441:tyrosine kinase inhibitors
423:
355:
323:external beam radiotherapy
291:
285:
132:. Other therapies include
4832:Supportive Care in Cancer
4407:10.1007/s10552-004-1253-3
4184:10.1007/s10552-004-1263-1
3998:10.3322/canjclin.54.2.110
2658:10.3390/molecules27092901
2214:10.1038/s41392-020-0109-y
2165:10.18632/oncotarget.12755
2073:10.1038/s41416-020-0951-2
2061:British Journal of Cancer
1605:10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.29
1447:Multimodal cancer therapy
1359:National Cancer Institute
1302:works normally. However,
1123:World Health Organization
901:pathways of DNA repair).
690:Immune checkpoint therapy
668:graft-versus-tumor effect
414:stem cell transplantation
267:. This is referred to as
227:for prostate cancer, and
76:
39:
4998:templates for discussion
4617:10.1177/2055102914552281
4461:10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.255
3505:10.1177/1534735419880598
3210:www.cancerresearchuk.org
2923:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.4171
2880:10.31128/AJGP-10-19-5110
2836:10.31128/AJGP-08-19-5027
2741:Comprehensive Physiology
2114:Cancer Treatment Reviews
1792:www.cancerresearchuk.org
1427:List of cancer hospitals
787:Hypoxia-inducible factor
519:photosensitized molecule
4611:(1): 2055102914552281.
3145:10.1073/pnas.0600645103
2363:10.3389/fonc.2013.00120
1452:War metaphors in cancer
1402:American Cancer Society
1350:Veterans Administration
749:Angiogenesis inhibitors
738:Angiogenesis inhibitors
482:can also involve small
472:, used in a variety of
261:spinal cord compression
150:Angiogenesis inhibitors
46:A patient prepared for
4950:10.1188/12.ONF.500-506
4938:Oncology Nursing Forum
3822:10.1186/1479-5876-6-37
3753:10.3816/CLC.2009.n.006
1983:10.1002/anie.201813002
1891:Nature Reviews. Cancer
1129:Cancer-related fatigue
824:
810:Exercise physiologists
744:Angiogenesis inhibitor
706:tumor microenvironment
579:
543:models, multitargeted
410:total body irradiation
400:The treatment of some
3726:16 April 2016 at the
3706:|...}}
3677:(Retracted, see
3028:Nature Communications
2796:10.1093/epirev/mxx007
2784:Epidemiologic Reviews
2415:10.46582/jsrm.0101007
2350:Frontiers in Oncology
1933:University of Warwick
1264:Special circumstances
1135:Mental struggles/pain
1046:Further information:
822:
803:Exercise prescription
797:Exercise prescription
757:the invasion of cells
629:to generate specific
588:Further information:
574:
446:(Gleevec/Glivec) and
159:of the tumor and the
122:monoclonal antibodies
3741:Clinical Lung Cancer
3652:Gynecologic Oncology
3383:10.1038/nrdp.2015.26
2988:The Lancet. Oncology
2753:10.1002/cphy.c180016
1388:human papillomavirus
1284:may be recommended.
1282:therapeutic abortion
1258:alternative medicine
1230:13 July 2011 at the
895:base excision repair
675:natural killer cells
619:renal cell carcinoma
595:Cancer immunotherapy
584:Cancer immunotherapy
559:, and inhibitors of
503:basal cell carcinoma
495:Photodynamic therapy
488:extracellular matrix
433:Small molecule drugs
269:palliative treatment
255:and of the need for
142:photodynamic therapy
118:small-molecule drugs
4605:Health Psychol Open
4335:, Yergan J, Chu J,
3499:: 153473541988059.
3367:"Insomnia disorder"
3326:10.1093/jnci/djz050
3273:(9369): 1603β1607.
3136:2006PNAS..103.8822A
3048:10.1038/ncomms12425
3040:2016NatCo...712425D
2553:2018Natur.562...20L
2159:(48): 79526β79543.
1935:(3 February 2019).
1334:Society and culture
1296:computed tomography
855:DNA repair pathways
839:Synthetic lethality
834:Synthetic lethality
828:Synthetic lethality
662:(usually from the
229:lung cancer surgery
223:for breast cancer,
186:Types of treatments
18:Treatment of cancer
5027:Medical treatments
3392:20.500.11794/67139
1593:Nat Rev Clin Oncol
1437:Precision medicine
1162:cancer survivors.
1014:colorectal cancers
912:germline mutations
825:
635:malignant melanoma
580:
420:Targeted therapies
325:or internally via
303:ionizing radiation
5022:Cancer treatments
4838:(10): 3785β3792.
4656:(10): 2368β2385.
4580:(12): 2798β2808.
4036:Abdom Radiol (NY)
3784:on 11 August 2011
3448:10.5664/jcsm.7586
3320:(12): 1323β1331.
2313:10.4161/cbt.29841
2307:(10): 1367β1377.
1970:Angewandte Chemie
1854:on 4 October 2013
1756:10.7150/ijms.3635
1412:Cancer prevention
1407:Cancer and nausea
1378:Public perception
1348:findings. The US
965:. In particular,
949:Colorectal cancer
814:exercise medicine
694:immune checkpoint
679:cytotoxic T cells
539:exon skipping in
299:Radiation therapy
288:Radiation therapy
282:Radiation therapy
265:bowel obstruction
169:Biomarker testing
146:stem-cell therapy
106:radiation therapy
90:Cancer treatments
87:
86:
48:radiation therapy
16:(Redirected from
5039:
5003:Cancer Treatment
4969:
4932:
4900:
4863:
4825:
4805:
4804:
4786:
4771:Eur J Oncol Nurs
4762:
4756:
4755:
4724:Eur J Oncol Nurs
4719:
4713:
4712:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4628:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4535:(8): 1062β1075.
4520:
4514:
4513:
4503:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4223:
4212:
4211:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4087:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4042:(5): 1605β1611.
4027:
4018:
4017:
3991:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3894:. Archived from
3861:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3736:
3730:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3696:Retraction Watch
3675:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3524:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3467:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3394:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2917:(23): 3799β808.
2906:
2900:
2899:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2838:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2427:
2417:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2067:(6): 1024β1032.
2052:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1977:(8): 2350β2354.
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1710:
1708:10.1002/bjs.5894
1701:(10): 1189β200.
1686:
1680:
1679:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:. 5 October 2017
1633:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1513:. 15 August 2014
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1478:
1457:World Cancer Day
1311:Cesarean section
1275:pregnant mothers
1215:Exosome research
969:inactivation of
712:Hormonal therapy
631:immune responses
521:, can penetrate
480:Targeted therapy
426:Targeted therapy
375:targeted therapy
257:adjuvant therapy
167:of the patient.
114:targeted therapy
110:hormonal therapy
80:edit on Wikidata
44:
35:Cancer treatment
32:
21:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4982:
4935:
4906:
4866:
4828:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4449:Social Problems
4446:
4445:
4438:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4347:(10): 942β958.
4331:
4330:
4326:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4276:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4225:
4224:
4215:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4097:on 6 March 2016
4089:
4088:
4073:
4029:
4028:
4021:
3989:10.1.1.521.2180
3973:
3972:
3968:
3947:(13): 2505β14.
3934:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3901:on 19 July 2018
3898:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3728:Wayback Machine
3709:
3701:
3699:
3676:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3020:
3019:
3015:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2956:(23): 6074β82.
2943:
2942:
2938:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2591:. 29 April 2015
2583:
2582:
2578:
2547:(7725): 20β21.
2534:
2533:
2529:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1903:10.1038/nrc1071
1888:
1887:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1820:medlineplus.gov
1814:
1813:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1397:
1380:
1341:
1336:
1320:
1271:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1232:Wayback Machine
1217:
1197:Clinical trials
1194:
1188:
1175:palliative care
1168:
1159:
1157:Muscle strength
1146:
1137:
1115:palliative care
1068:Pain medication
1062:palliative care
1054:quality of life
1050:
1044:
983:hypermethylated
951:
945:
939:gene mutation.
893:(active in the
869:
863:
836:
830:
805:
799:
791:clinical trials
746:
740:
720:
714:
692:focuses on two
647:dendritic cells
643:prostate cancer
627:Cancer vaccines
592:
586:
569:
541:prostate cancer
428:
422:
360:
354:
296:
290:
284:
197:
188:
180:Palliative care
126:PARP inhibitors
83:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5045:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
4985:
4981:
4980:External links
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4944:(5): 500β506.
4933:
4904:
4901:
4864:
4826:
4822:www.cancer.org
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4757:
4714:
4667:
4640:
4591:
4564:
4529:J Thorac Oncol
4515:
4486:(7): e005434.
4466:
4455:(2): 255β271.
4436:
4382:
4324:
4305:(3): 195β200.
4289:
4274:
4253:
4234:(9): 970β984.
4213:
4162:
4127:(7): 774β781.
4108:
4071:
4019:
3966:
3927:
3912:
3864:The Oncologist
3847:
3795:
3766:
3731:
3642:
3613:(7528): 1295.
3593:
3565:
3554:. 27 July 2023
3548:"Hospice care"
3536:
3479:
3442:(1): 129β137.
3422:
3357:
3300:
3257:
3238:(2): 145β156.
3222:
3197:
3185:www.cancer.org
3169:
3130:(23): 8822β7.
3105:
3086:
3071:
3013:
2977:
2936:
2901:
2874:(4): 182β186.
2858:
2829:(4): 169β174.
2809:
2774:
2747:(1): 165β205.
2731:
2682:
2631:
2618:www.cancer.gov
2602:
2589:www.cancer.gov
2576:
2527:
2478:
2447:
2387:
2336:
2287:
2237:
2188:
2139:
2120:(3): 445β456.
2104:
2047:
2006:
1955:
1924:
1881:
1865:
1832:
1804:
1779:
1730:
1681:
1654:
1641:www.cancer.gov
1628:
1599:(5): 325β340.
1579:
1568:. 31 July 2017
1566:www.cancer.gov
1550:
1524:
1511:www.cancer.gov
1498:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1379:
1376:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1319:
1316:
1304:contrast media
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1216:
1213:
1190:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
947:Main article:
944:
941:
924:PARP inhibitor
867:Ovarian cancer
865:Main article:
862:
861:Ovarian cancer
859:
832:Main article:
829:
826:
801:Main article:
798:
795:
742:Main article:
739:
736:
716:Main article:
713:
710:
607:bladder cancer
582:Main article:
568:
565:
476:malignancies.
424:Main article:
421:
418:
356:Main article:
353:
350:
315:cellular death
286:Main article:
283:
280:
196:
193:
187:
184:
85:
84:
77:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
58:
52:
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4959:
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4886:
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4659:
4655:
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4275:9780813135861
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3680:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3594:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2994:(8): 852β61.
2993:
2989:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2498:(1): 98β106.
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:Int J Med Sci
1741:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1477:
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1463:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
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1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
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1408:
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1400:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:
980:
979:
974:
973:
968:
964:
963:
958:
957:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
902:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:
876:
875:
868:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
840:
835:
827:
821:
817:
815:
811:
804:
796:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
700:(CTLA-4) and
699:
695:
691:
687:
685:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:, and use of
608:
604:
600:
599:immune system
596:
591:
585:
578:
573:
567:Immunotherapy
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
524:
520:
517:, creating a
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
449:
445:
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438:
434:
427:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
351:
349:
346:
341:
339:
335:
330:
328:
327:brachytherapy
324:
320:
319:free radicals
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
289:
281:
279:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
230:
226:
225:prostatectomy
222:
218:
213:
210:
206:
202:
194:
192:
185:
183:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
165:general state
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:immunotherapy
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
81:
71:
69:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4991:
4941:
4937:
4912:
4908:
4875:(1): 10β20.
4872:
4868:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4811:Bibliography
4774:
4770:
4760:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4684:
4680:
4670:
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4649:
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4608:
4604:
4594:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4452:
4448:
4401:(1): 55β61.
4398:
4394:
4344:
4341:Medical Care
4340:
4327:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4265:
4231:
4228:Medical Care
4227:
4178:(1): 35β44.
4175:
4171:
4165:
4124:
4121:Medical Care
4120:
4099:. Retrieved
4095:the original
4039:
4035:
3982:(2): 110β8.
3979:
3975:
3969:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3920:What Is CAM?
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3896:the original
3870:(1): 80β89.
3867:
3863:
3850:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:the original
3744:
3740:
3734:
3710:{{
3702:{{
3695:
3693:,
3658:(1): 13β21.
3655:
3651:
3645:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3584:. Retrieved
3580:
3556:. Retrieved
3551:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3377:(1): 15026.
3374:
3370:
3360:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3209:
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:
3127:
3123:
3099:
3089:
3074:
3031:
3027:
3016:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2790:(1): 71β92.
2787:
2783:
2777:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2702:(1): 16β24.
2699:
2695:
2685:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2620:. 1 May 2018
2617:
2593:. Retrieved
2588:
2579:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2405:
2401:
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2304:
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2257:
2253:
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2205:
2201:
2191:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2026:(10): 10β8.
2023:
2019:
2009:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1940:
1927:
1897:(5): 380β7.
1894:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1846:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1750:(3): 193β9.
1747:
1743:
1733:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1670:(3): 60β65.
1667:
1663:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1565:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1384:
1381:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1321:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1269:In pregnancy
1252:
1237:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1201:gene therapy
1195:
1180:
1171:Hospice care
1169:
1166:Hospice care
1160:
1147:
1138:
1127:
1112:
1096:
1066:
1051:
1018:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
985:
977:
970:
960:
954:
952:
943:Colon cancer
936:
932:
906:
903:
888:
878:
872:
870:
844:
837:
806:
777:
773:cabozantinib
753:angiogenesis
747:
732:progestogens
728:testosterone
721:
689:
688:
683:
672:
655:
639:Sipuleucel-T
593:
530:
527:
523:cancer cells
513:attached to
493:
478:
452:
429:
399:
395:
391:
374:
370:
363:Chemotherapy
361:
358:Chemotherapy
352:Chemotherapy
342:
331:
307:cancer cells
297:
294:Radiosurgery
273:
247:to regional
245:metastasized
238:
214:
205:metastasized
198:
189:
177:
154:
134:hyperthermia
102:chemotherapy
89:
88:
29:
4986:βΉ The
4284:j.ctt2jcssn
3747:(1): 42β6.
3586:12 November
3558:12 November
3215:12 November
3100:www.fda.gov
2651:(9): 2901.
2624:10 November
2260:: 217β227.
2254:Lung Cancer
1942:EurekAlert!
1873:Duarte, F J
1858:14 November
1797:11 November
1543:10 November
1486:www.who.int
1098:Cancer pain
1088:ondansetron
1084:antiemetics
1080:antiemetics
897:and in the
883:(active in
765:bevacizumab
664:bone marrow
611:interferons
507:lung cancer
466:trastuzumab
383:chromosomes
276:neoadjuvant
249:lymph nodes
234:pathologist
5016:Categories
4915:: 98β105.
4777:: 102079.
4730:: 102453.
4687:: 106849.
3267:The Lancet
2595:30 October
2153:Oncotarget
1948:3 February
1825:1 November
1647:7 November
1572:7 November
1517:7 November
1491:9 November
1464:References
1103:palliative
1092:aprepitant
1070:, such as
992:(silenced
967:irinotecan
779:Flavonoids
761:metastasis
696:proteins,
677:(NKs) and
657:Allogeneic
625:patients.
613:and other
533:morpholino
450:(Iressa).
402:leukaemias
387:DNA damage
292:See also:
221:lumpectomy
217:mastectomy
209:Halstedian
116:including
68:ICD-10-PCS
4897:205772143
4801:244559871
4752:264547634
4709:239027566
3984:CiteSeerX
3937:Palmer JL
3712:retracted
3704:retracted
3513:1534-7354
3456:1550-9389
3401:2056-676X
3334:0027-8874
3034:: 12425.
2896:214749061
2853:214751316
2645:Molecules
2467:(1): 13.
2282:199025494
2099:220049871
1919:205467056
1173:provides
1076:oxycodone
990:promoters
645:in which
615:cytokines
505:(BCC) or
491:avidity.
470:rituximab
464:antibody
448:gefitinib
437:enzymatic
406:lymphomas
371:cytotoxic
345:dry mouth
253:prognosis
72:110000053
56:Specialty
4988:template
4966:21512508
4958:22940514
4929:28720273
4889:22690751
4860:59604164
4852:30721368
4793:34844135
4744:37951070
4701:34662598
4681:Prev Med
4635:28070343
4559:29800746
4510:25011992
4480:BMJ Open
4423:15750858
4415:20069440
4377:41540074
4319:21495613
4311:41329740
4208:28887189
4200:15750856
4192:20069438
4157:12148999
4149:19536007
4141:40221952
4066:36705722
4057:10149443
4014:35124492
4006:15061600
3961:10893280
3884:14755017
3841:18644158
3761:19289371
3724:Archived
3691:37479418
3672:18589210
3637:16299015
3531:31625419
3474:30621831
3417:19868023
3409:27189779
3352:31081899
3295:17851580
3287:12747880
3252:12024540
3190:19 April
3164:16723399
3066:27498558
3008:24882434
2972:21441464
2931:16896009
2888:32233343
2845:32233341
2804:28453622
2769:56492477
2761:30549018
2726:30573180
2677:35566252
2571:30279600
2522:26558876
2473:24693028
2442:27569762
2434:24692861
2382:23720710
2331:25025901
2274:31446998
2232:32296034
2208:(1): 7.
2183:27765909
2134:24055012
2091:32581342
2042:25975831
2001:30552796
1911:12724736
1774:22408567
1725:34216395
1717:17701939
1623:29508855
1482:"Cancer"
1395:See also
1371:Medicaid
1324:Teratoma
1318:In utero
1228:Archived
1220:Exosomes
1186:Research
1144:Insomnia
1086:such as
1072:morphine
920:Olaparib
769:axitinib
724:estrogen
686:(AIET).
623:melanoma
484:peptides
462:HER2/neu
458:antibody
444:imatinib
338:lymphoma
334:leukemia
313:causing
305:to kill
130:olaparib
128:such as
61:Oncology
4990:below (
4626:5193175
4550:6417494
4501:4120326
4431:9426166
4369:2796413
4361:3765483
4337:Feigl P
4333:Diehr P
4248:8792784
3905:24 June
3892:6453919
3832:2504474
3788:21 June
3628:1298846
3522:6801883
3465:6329536
3343:6910189
3155:1466544
3132:Bibcode
3057:4979061
3036:Bibcode
2717:6656408
2668:9100260
2549:Bibcode
2513:4892769
2425:3907960
2373:3655421
2356:: 120.
2322:4130730
2223:6992635
2174:5346733
2082:7493922
1992:6468315
1875:(Ed.),
1765:3298009
1614:5921900
1119:hospice
1107:opioids
515:albumin
511:iridium
241:staging
201:surgery
195:Surgery
98:surgery
5032:Cancer
5007:Curlie
4993:Curlie
4964:
4956:
4927:
4895:
4887:
4858:
4850:
4799:
4791:
4750:
4742:
4707:
4699:
4633:
4623:
4557:
4547:
4508:
4498:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4375:
4367:
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