110:. He enabled a break through by combining negotiations for a Prussian treaty with the Japanese desire of postponing the opening of the cities of Osaka and Edo, and the Ports of Hyogo and Niigata, as foreseen in the first six treaties. Harris proposed to limit the ports open to Prussia to Nagasaki, Yokohama and Hakodate, and not to mention the opening of Osaka, Edo, Hyogo and Niigata. The proposal was accepted by the
134:
The exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of 24 January 1861 between
Prussia and Japan took place on board the Prussian frigate SMS Gazelle in the Bay of Edo on 20 February 1864. The Prussian Envoy, Guido von Rehfues, had arrived at Yokohama mid August 1863 with the Treaty ratified by the
102:
arrived in Edo on 4 September 1860, the position of the Shogun and its administration towards treaties with foreign countries had shifted. Japan considered its internal situation not stable enough for any additional international treaties, and this also applied to
Prussia. The Treaty with Portugal
122:
The Treaty obtained was only half satisfactory to Count
Eulenburg. He had been mandated to negotiate a treaty not only for Prussia, but also for the states belonging to the Zollverein, the Mecklenburg Grand Duchies and the Hanse Cities. Once understood how many states and cities this implied, the
574:
1189:
512:
211:
502:
193:
1206:
156:
A system of extraterritoriality that provided for the subjugation of
Prussian residents in the 3 ports or cities to the laws of their own consular courts instead of the Japanese law system (articles 5 to
114:, and led to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Prussia and Japan, signed on January 24, 1861, in Edo. It had taken 3 months and 3 weeks since the arrival of the Eulenburg mission at Edo.
150:
The ports and cities of
Hakodate, Nagasaki and Yokohama are open for trade with Prussian nationals, and Prussian nationals have the right to reside and trade at will in these ports (article 3).
82:
The Treaty was the 7th signed by Japan with a foreign country, and was preceded by similar treaties with the United States, France, Russia, Great-Britain and
Holland in 1858 (the so-called
177:
293:"Prussia or North Germany? The image of "Germany" during the Prusso-Japanese Treaty Negotiations in 1860-1861" in: Mutual perceptions and images in Japanese-German relations 1860-2010
487:
1241:
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507:
205:
955:
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86:), and with Portugal in 1860. These treaties formed an essential part in opening up Japan, ending a period of some 250 years of Japan’s seclusion from the world, known as “
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63:, Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Minister of the Prince Regent of Prussia at the Courts of China, Japan, and Siam on the one hand, and by
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Treaties and
Conventions concluded between the Empire of Japan and Foreign Nations together with Regulations and Communications 1854-1874
982:
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Government of the Shogun resolutely refused to include them in the negotiations. Therefore, the Treaty obtained only covered
Prussia.
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32:
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135:
King of
Prussia. It took him 6 months to induce the Japanese Government to accept the exchange of the ratifications.
482:
1211:
1064:
1017:
992:
399:
735:
1313:
1231:
925:
875:
319:
Die preussische
Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach amtlichen Quellen. Zweiter Band. Anhang I – Der Vertrag mit Japan
235:
Die preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach amtlichen Quellen. Zweiter Band. Anhang I – Der Vertrag mit Japan
465:
1318:
1069:
871:
987:
106:
The Japanese refusal to treat with Prussia was only reversed after an intervention of the U.S. Representative
1074:
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signed on 3 August 1860 only came about because of a promise made to the Dutch in 1857 for such a treaty.
277:"The First Treaty between Belgium and Japan", in: Japan & Belgium: An Itinerary of Mutual Inspiration
659:
367:
900:
782:
99:
1054:
997:
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885:
839:
532:
527:
327:
243:
111:
72:
68:
64:
44:
28:
160:
Introduction of fixed import-export duties for Prussian trade with Japan (articles 8, 10 and 16)
1308:
1268:
South Korean-Japanese Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection (1993)
945:
940:
935:
448:
296:
271:
1201:
1154:
1079:
920:
107:
386:
1272:
750:
610:
US-Japanese Convention Revising Certain Portions of Existing Commercial Treaties (1878)
165:
83:
40:
1302:
1190:
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (1960)
1012:
348:
153:
Freedom of religion for Prussians living in these 3 ports and cities (article 4).
731:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Argentina and Japan (1898)
372:
126:
Article 23 of the Treaty contains the date of entry into force: 1 January 1863.
575:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Austria-Hungary and Japan (1869)
1023:
Japan-Manchukuo-Soviet Protocol for Cession of North Manchuria Railway (1935)
726:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Chile and Japan (1897)
570:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Spain and Japan (1868)
559:
428:
48:
798:
Additional Agreement of the Japan-China Treaty relating to Manchuria (1905)
590:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Peru and Japan (1873)
1252:
1134:
291:
Fukuoka, Mariko (2017). Saaler, Sven; Kudo, Akira; Tajima, Nobuo (eds.).
275:
1207:
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea (1965)
143:
The most important points of the Treaty between Prussia and Japan are:
24:
1277:
513:
Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce between Portugal and Japan (1860)
503:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan (1858)
87:
76:
391:
635:
Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Thailand and Japan (1887)
852:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1911)
650:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1894)
746:
Japan-Greece Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1899)
640:
Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Mexico and Japan (1888)
741:
Japan-Thailand Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (1898)
761:
Japan-China Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1903)
395:
835:
Japan-China Agreement relating to Manchuria and Jiandao (1909)
212:
Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce between Portugal and Japan
194:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan
1242:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China (1978)
1112:
Japan-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty (1941)
595:
Engagement between Japan and China respecting Formosa of 1874
540:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Belgium and Japan (1866)
518:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Prussia and Japan (1861)
665:
Japan-Brazil Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation (1895)
585:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Hawaii and Japan (1871)
508:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (1858)
493:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Russia and Japan (1859)
376:(The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Prussia and Japan)
550:
Russo-Japanese Provisional Treaty of Karafuto Island (1867)
545:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Italy and Japan (1866)
59:
The treaty was signed in Edo on January 24, 1861, by Count
1145:
Security Treaty between the United States and Japan (1951)
721:
Japan–Netherlands Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
35:
and trade between the two countries. This would come in a
488:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan) (1859)
178:
List of German ministers, envoys and ambassadors to Japan
983:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1927)
716:
Franco–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
689:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
347:
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimusho) (1874).
857:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1911)
655:
Italo–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
645:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
353:. Tokyo: Nisshu-sha Printing Office. pp. 186–196.
206:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan
951:
Treaty concerning solution of Shandong issues (1922)
704:
Japan–China Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1250:
1132:
870:
558:
427:
1180:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Indonesia (1958)
498:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1858)
188:Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States-Japan)
1237:Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation (1976)
1185:Japan–South Vietnam Reparations Agreement (1959)
580:Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty (1871)
1288:American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact (2023)
1170:Japan–Philippines Reparations Agreement (1956)
1165:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Burma (1954)
1160:Treaty of Peace between Japan and India (1952)
1090:Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration (1940)
677:Treaty for returning Fengtian Peninsula (1895)
407:
8:
896:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement (1918)
620:Japan-Hawaii Labor Immigration Treaty (1884)
454:Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
168:, who arrived in Japan on 25 December 1862.
1227:Japan-North Vietnam Joint Communiqué (1973)
1050:Japan-Netherlands Shipping Agreement (1936)
373:Nihon koku Proshia koku Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku
200:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce
1283:Australian-Japanese Security Treaty (2022)
825:Japan–Russia Secret Agreements (1907–1916)
471:Japan-Netherlands Additional Treaty (1856)
414:
400:
392:
332:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
248:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1175:Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956
1085:Japan-China Basic Relations Treaty (1940)
862:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
439:Japan-US Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
147:Exchange of diplomatic agents (article 2)
1102:Treaty between Thailand and Japan (1940)
906:Covenant of the League of Nations (1919)
387:The Prussian Expedition to Japan 1860/61
1124:Japanese Instrument of Surrender (1945)
1045:Canada-Japan New Trade Agreement (1935)
978:Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention (1925)
444:Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (1854)
224:
164:The first Prussian Consul to Japan was
1107:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (1941)
911:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
325:
241:
238:(in German). Berlin. pp. 223–230.
1195:U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement
483:Japan-Russia Additional Treaty (1858)
7:
1263:US-Japanese Fishery Agreement (1991)
1212:Ogasawara Reversion Agreement (1968)
993:Japan-China Customs Agreement (1930)
778:Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904
265:
263:
261:
259:
1222:Japan–China Joint Communiqué (1972)
1003:Shanghai Ceasefire Agreement (1932)
1339:Treaties of the Tokugawa shogunate
1232:Japan–China Trade Agreement (1974)
1217:Okinawa Reversion Agreement (1971)
916:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (1919)
14:
699:Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement (1896)
600:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)
466:Japan-US Additional Treaty (1855)
322:(in German). Berlin. p. 230.
295:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 67–88.
280:. Tielt: Lannoo. pp. 21–111.
75:(黒川左中), Plenipotentiaries of the
1070:Van Mook-Kotani Agreement (1938)
1008:Japan-Manchukuo Protocol (1932)
61:Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg
31:(Japanese: 徳川幕府) (1861) opened
1150:Treaty of San Francisco (1951)
1075:Arita-Craigie Agreement (1939)
1060:Hart-Ishizawa Agreement (1937)
963:Washington Naval Treaty (1922)
891:Lansing–Ishii Agreement (1917)
830:Root–Takahira Agreement (1908)
815:Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907
756:Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
694:Komura-Weber Memorandum (1896)
79:from Japan on the other side.
1:
1065:India-Japan Agreement of 1937
1040:Chin-Doihara Agreement (1935)
1018:India-Japan Agreement of 1934
810:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
788:Taft–Katsura agreement (1905)
630:Convention of Tientsin (1885)
130:Exchange of the ratifications
118:Coverage and entry into force
736:Nishi–Rosen Agreement (1898)
660:Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)
21:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
16:Japan-Prussia Treaty of 1861
1349:Bilateral treaties of Japan
901:Treaty of Versailles (1919)
783:Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
274:; De Cooman, David (eds.).
1370:
1055:Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
998:London Naval Treaty (1930)
988:Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928)
973:Klaipėda Convention (1924)
886:Japan-China Treaty of 1915
847:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
820:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907
793:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
773:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904
625:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885
615:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1882
605:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
1278:Japan-Korea GSOMIA (2016)
1035:He–Umezu Agreement (1935)
968:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
926:Gongota Agreement of 1920
528:Agreement of Paris (1864)
946:Nine-Power Treaty (1922)
941:Four-Power Treaty (1921)
936:Treaty of Trianon (1921)
449:Treaty of Shimoda (1855)
270:De Ruyver, Dirk (2016).
1334:Germany–Japan relations
1202:Tokyo Convention (1963)
1155:Treaty of Taipei (1952)
931:Treaty of Sèvres (1920)
183:Germany-Japan relations
1080:Tripartite Pact (1940)
921:Svalbard Treaty (1920)
523:London Protocol (1862)
69:Takemoto Zusho no kami
65:Muragaki Awaji no kami
1273:Kyoto Protocol (1997)
751:Boxer Protocol (1901)
368:National Diet Library
316:Berg, Albert (1866).
232:Berg, Albert (1866).
166:Maximalian von Brandt
100:Eulenburg Expedition
33:diplomatic relations
1344:January 1861 events
1013:Tanggu Truce (1933)
208:on October 9, 1858.
202:on August 26, 1858.
196:on August 18, 1858.
214:on August 3, 1860.
55:Historical context
45:Tokugawa Shogunate
29:Tokugawa Shogunate
25:Kingdom of Prussia
1296:
1295:
422:Treaties of Japan
272:Vande Walle, W.F.
190:on July 29, 1858.
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