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276:. He hoped that the goals would be achieved by the war and argued that the Commonwealth could gain more by warring with Sweden, but he was also not averse to peaceful resolution if it gave him what he wanted. He thought that the negotiations gave him the opportunity to trade his right to the Swedish crown for a hereditary claim to one of the regained lands (he was supported by the
317:) agreed that the Swedes had to leave Poland by negotiations if possible but by war if necessary. Few, however, wished the war to continue for the sake of helping Władysław regain the Swedish crown, and, as usual, there was much disagreement between his allies, who wanted to strengthen his power, and those who feared that any victory for the king would mean loss for the nobility.
436:, was interested in a peaceful resolution of the Polish–Swedish conflict, as he did not want his lands to be affected by a new round of warfare. Because the Duchy of Prussia had failed to fulfill its feudal obligations as a vassal of Poland by not lending it military support, George William's rule in Prussia was suspended, and he was replaced by the Polish king by a
31:
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raids, supported by the
Ottomans, required a significant presence of the Polish forces. Władysław, who had managed to gather significant forces on the border and twelve ships at sea, was disappointed to realise that he now had almost no support from the szlachta for the war, Krzysztof Radziwiłł being
596:
In the few months between the
Preussisch Holland and the Stuhmsdorf negotiations, the military and political situation of Sweden further worsened, with more defeats in the field, and more allies defecting to the Holy Roman Empire. The Swedes were more willing to discuss their retreat from Prussia and
540:
The early negotiations were unsuccessful, as both sides played delaying tactics, disputed the titles of their monarchs and awaited most of the international mediators (only
Brandenburg was present). Although the Swedes expected that the delay would be to their benefit, Władysław played their refusal
400:
French efforts were supported by the Dutch and
English ambassadors at the conference and expedited by a lavish flow of money. England sent the former military commander Sir George Douglas with instructions to support Władysław, especially as there were negotiations between Poland and England on a
392:
to keep
Germany divided and embroiled in conflict. To that end, he needed Sweden to remain in the Thirty Years' War and therefore wanted ensure Poland's neutrality. Richelieu had no wish to see Poland open a second front in Prussia and so he dispatched
659:, but Oxensierna, who was hoping Sweden would not be forced into so many concessions, succeeded in keeping Sweden involved in the German war despite many calls from the Riksdag for the complete withdrawal of Swedish forces from that area.
345:
and so they preferred to sacrifice German to
Prussian territories. They were, however, willing to give up their conquests in Prussia if Władysław renounced his claim to the Swedish crown and the Swedes retained their conquests in Livonia.
634:
saw no reason to fight when Sweden was offering them favourable concessions without any need for bloodshed and trade losses, which would surely occur if they pressed for war. That was in consideration of the expenses of the recent
764:
through Danzig had been a major source of income. The Swedes also were to return the ships of the
Commonwealth Navy they seized in the past years, but the Commonwealth Navy was forbidden from supporting enemies of Sweden.
337:, the Swedish negotiating position had been somewhat weakened. Nonetheless, the Swedes realised that their recent gains in Germany were much less easy to defend than the territories they captured from the Commonwealth in
204:, agreed to the terms, which were mostly favourable to the Commonwealth in terms of territorial concessions. The Commonwealth regained many of the territories that he had lost in the past decades of the
652:
one of the few left, even though Władysław had gained almost nothing from the treaty. Nonetheless, he was eventually convinced by his advisors to sign the treaty without gaining much for himself.
619:
After the first month and a half, the idea of a peace was discarded, and Swedes proposed to retreat from all of
Prussia for a 50-year truce if Władysław renounced his claims to the Swedish crown.
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The
Historians' History of the World: A Comprehensive Narrative of the Rise and Development of Nations as Recorded by Over Two Thousand of the Great Writers of All Ages
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549:, the Sejm was convinced to vote for new, significant taxes. Even before the vote was passed, Władysław had gathered a new army of about 21,000 soldiers, sent
694:. Therefore, the treaty could be seen as a political mistake by George William, whose gains in the short term were outweighed by his losses in the long term.
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William's desire for a settlement giving him undisturbed possession of Ducal Prussia prevailed over the imperialist policy, which
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670:. The Treaty of Stuhmsdorf left Brandenburg in full possession of Ducal Prussia, but by freeing the Swedish troops under
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The treaty eventually proved to be a partial disappointment to Oxenstierna and a partial victory of his opponents in the
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were more wary of the war against Poland. By the end of March, they were ready to accept most of the Polish terms.
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Sweden's position was also weakened by the disagreements in its government, as there was a power struggle between
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the right to worship. Further, the Swedes had to return the territories they occupied in Baltic Prussia (Elbing (
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On 24 May, negotiations began in Stuhmsdorf, but the Polish negotiators had their quarters in nearby Jonasdorf (
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possible marriage between Władysław and an English princess, which eventually failed. Dutch envoys included
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in the power of Sweden. The treaty also jeopardised the prospect of the acquisition of Pomerania by the
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Many European powers were interested in the outcome of the negotiations and were also named as
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Ward, A. W. (1907). "The Later Years of Thirty Years' War". In Ernest Alfred Benians (ed.).
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561:(Jerzy), bought ten ships to be converted into warships and established the Sea Commission (
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The negotiations started on 24 January 1635 in the Prussian village of Preussisch Holland (
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years. The truce was an extension of the Truce of Altmark. The Swedes retained the
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300:
40:
220:), which wanted Sweden to be able to concentrate on the Thirty Years' War in the
785:. Neue deutsche Geschichte (in German). Vol. 5. Munich: Beck. p. 401.
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passing through Danzig, which had been a sore spot to the szlachta for whom the
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to gather Polish allies in non-occupied Prussia and, with the help of Danzig (
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Slavonic Europe: a political history of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796
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Modernizing Muscovy: reform and social change in seventeenth-century Russia
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647:, coupled with the unrest in the southeastern provinces, where occasional
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without the need to worry about possible conflict with the Commonwealth.
388:, who wanted to weaken the Holy Roman Empire by using Sweden and German
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623:
506:
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360:. Some of the struggles led to leaks that gave leverage to the Polish.
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326:
311:
295:), were not convinced that the war would be beneficial, but many (like
631:
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304:
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36:
608:). Foreign mediators arrived and Swedish negotiators were joined by
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to negotiate to the Sejm. With the support of some magnates like
325:
After the recent setbacks that Sweden and its allies suffered in
729:
292:
1147:
674:, which had been occupying Prussia and Livonia, it placed both
208:, but the treaty was also beneficial to Sweden and its allies (
612:, and on the Polish side, Krzysztof Radziwłł was replaced by
384:
Peace between Poland and Sweden was also supported by French
284:), and he entrusted that matter to the Prussian mediators.
903:
The age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden
963:. Vol. 15. Hooper & Jackson, Ltd. p. 126.
471:). Polish negotiators were led by Bishop and Chancellor
256:
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was divided. King
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291:(nobility) advisors, representing the legislature (
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Commemorative medal made in Poland after the treaty
95:
80:
72:
62:
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200:years. Sweden, weakened by its involvement in the
229:Sweden invaded the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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978:
952:
950:
895:
893:
702:The treaty signed on 12 September introduced a
690:, and seriously threatened the security of the
1573:Treaties of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
272:made the king's position among the weakest in
16:1635 peace between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania
1159:
1013:Scotland and the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
846:From Oxenstierna to Charles XII: Four Studies
8:
1134:Annotated edition of the treaty at IEG Mainz
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1105:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
849:. Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
686:on the death, which was imminent, of Duke
666:had successfully advised, acceding to the
29:
20:
1102:The Swedish Imperial Experience 1560-1718
756:(3.5%) from the Polish trade through the
35:Treaty of Stuhmsdorf, wall painting from
783:Kriege und Krisen. Deutschland 1600-1715
155:signed on 12 September 1635 between the
927:Kotilaine, Jarmo; Marshall Poe (2004).
773:
39:Castle. Visible: bishop and chancellor
1043:. Cambridge University Press. p.
750:George William, Elector of Brandenburg
521:and included the governor of Prussia,
545:, who advocated the expansion of the
7:
876:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 81.
547:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy
906:. Vol. 3. BRILL. p. 45.
517:. Swedish negotiators were led by
397:, one of his trusted negotiators.
227:The truce lasted until 1655, when
14:
991:. Vol. 4. University Press.
447:Brandenburg's mediators included
76:2 (O.S.)/12 (N.S.) September 1635
824:(in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna.
112:
101:
1129:Scan of the treaty at IEG Mainz
1070:The Thirty Years' War 1618-1648
380:France, England and Netherlands
1578:Treaties of the Swedish Empire
957:Smith Williams, Henry (1909).
645:Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)
604:) and Swedes in Marienwerder (
252:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
163:in the village of Stuhmsdorf,
157:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
107:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1256:Franco-Polish Alliance (1524)
1074:. Osprey Publishing. p.
748:), the last two returning to
1037:Nisbet Bain, Robert (1908).
988:The Cambridge modern history
543:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
260:of Poland, from the Swedish
1614:
933:. Routledge. p. 211.
873:Great Battles of the World
137:Stilleståndet i Stuhmsdorf
1099:Roberts, Michael (1984).
843:Roberts, Michael (2003).
822:Władysław IV i jego czasy
732:but had to guarantee its
626:and the delegates of the
364:International involvement
356:and his opponents in the
333:and the defection of the
28:
1066:Bonney, Richard (2002).
900:Garstein, Oskar (1992).
310:and Royal Secretary and
182:The treaty introduced a
175:), just south of Stuhm (
1568:Poland–Sweden relations
1499:Preobrazhenskoye (1699)
1321:Niemieża / Vilna (1656)
1010:Murdoch, Steve (2001).
870:Crane, Stephen (2005).
149:Rozejm w Sztumskiej Wsi
24:Rozejm w Sztumskiej Wsi
1546:Franco-Polish alliance
1523:Second Polish Republic
1494:Wehlau–Bromberg (1657)
1241:Brześć Kujawski (1435)
781:Press, Volker (1991).
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1016:. BRILL. p. 48.
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724:north of the
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1414:Oliwa (1660)
1398:
1350:Busza (1617)
1288:Commonwealth
1251:Ólafu (1474)
1246:Thorn (1466)
1231:Melno (1422)
1221:Thorn (1411)
1101:
1094:
1069:
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286:
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41:Jakub Zadzik
18:
1541:Riga (1921)
1477:With others
762:grain trade
676:Mecklenburg
630:from local
559:Georg Hewel
557:) merchant
527:Sten Bielke
488:referendarz
434:Brandenburg
390:Protestants
299:and Bishop
231:during the
84:Stuhmsdorf/
45:Polish king
1562:Categories
769:References
758:Baltic Sea
740:), Memel (
351:Chancellor
297:Chancellor
239:Background
1340:With the
734:Catholics
680:Pomerania
602:Jankowiec
565:) led by
370:mediators
282:Jan Wężyk
151:), was a
67:Ceasefire
1430:Cossacks
820:(1974).
746:Baltiysk
742:Klaipėda
643:and the
639:against
628:nobility
624:magnates
486:, Crown
289:szlachta
216:and the
159:and the
81:Location
1298:Muscovy
1174:Polish
1053:3243405
997:6253478
969:1636478
830:3717361
754:tariffs
726:Daugava
715:⁄
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632:sejmiks
606:Kwidzyń
511:Stężyce
507:Starost
495:Starost
438:viceroy
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339:Prussia
327:Germany
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469:Pasłek
321:Sweden
305:Hetman
274:Europe
210:France
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165:Poland
153:treaty
145:Polish
139:), or
90:Poland
73:Signed
52:Hetman
37:Kielce
1428:With
1379:With
1296:With
704:truce
698:Terms
649:Tatar
184:truce
177:Sztum
167:(now
1178:and
1107:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1049:OCLC
1018:ISBN
993:OCLC
965:OCLC
935:ISBN
908:ISBN
878:ISBN
851:ISBN
826:OCLC
787:ISBN
730:Riga
706:for
678:and
533:and
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455:and
428:and
409:and
341:and
293:Sejm
287:His
186:for
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