31:
618:
899:
1169:
57:
1668:
1689:
nests. No nest material is added, although litter may build up over the years. Both parents incubate the eggs and feed the chicks. Egg laying is staggered at one-day intervals so that if food is short, only the older, larger nestlings get fed. The chicks are naked, blind, and helpless when they
1702:, frequent wetlands, none are specialist fishers. Most species are watch-and-wait hunters which dive onto prey from a perch, mainly taking slow-moving invertebrates or small vertebrates. The shovel-billed kookaburra digs through leaf litter for worms and other prey, and the
1655:
Most tree kingfishers are found in the warm climates of Africa, southern and southeast Asia, and
Australasia. No members of this family are found in the Americas. The origin of the family is thought to have been in tropical Australasia, which still has the most species.
1706:
feeds exclusively on insects and spiders. Several other western
Pacific species are also mainly insectivorous and flycatch for prey. As with the other kingfisher families, insectivorous species tend to have flattened, red bills to assist in the capture of insects.
692:
nests. Both parents incubate the eggs and feed the chicks. Although some tree kingfishers frequent wetlands, none are specialist fish-eaters. Most species dive onto prey from a perch, mainly taking slow-moving invertebrates or small vertebrates.
1627:
Kingfishers are short-tailed, large-headed, compact birds with long, pointed bills. Like other
Coraciiformes, they are brightly coloured. The tree kingfishers are medium to large species, mostly typical kingfishers in appearance, although
1727:
Andersen, M.J.; McCullough, J.M.; Mauck III, W.M.; Smith, B.T.; Moyle, R.G. (2017). "A phylogeny of kingfishers reveals an
Indomalayan origin and elevated rates of diversification on oceanic islands".
1659:
Tree kingfishers use a range of habitats from tropical rainforest to open woodlands and thornbush country. Many are not closely tied to water, and can be found in arid areas of
Australia and Africa.
1685:
system involving young from earlier broods. The nest is a tree hole, either natural, and old woodpecker nest, or excavated in soft or rotting wood by the kingfishers. Several species dig holes in
1940:
3048:
1896:
1760:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. Number 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. p. 118.
2932:
967:
30:
2944:
2920:
2908:
994:
985:
976:
902:
1933:
724:. The subfamily contains around 70 species divided into 12 genera. A molecular study published in 2017 found that the genera
3053:
3022:
2218:
1227:
56:
2896:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2734:
2573:
1802:
1513:
958:
949:
931:
922:
838:
2782:
2373:
2230:
2074:
1926:
1333:
1209:
1200:
1172:
1088:
1017:
802:
617:
2884:
2809:
2403:
2302:
2101:
1629:
1601:
1360:
1272:
1079:
1026:
940:
702:
584:
171:
2363:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2668:
2473:
2314:
2254:
2179:
2167:
2155:
1699:
1468:
1324:
1254:
1236:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1113:
820:
793:
706:
662:
133:
2975:
2695:
2443:
2413:
2242:
2050:
1504:
1369:
1245:
1061:
863:
853:
829:
192:
684:
The tree kingfishers are short-tailed, large-headed, compact birds with long, pointed bills. Like other
3061:
2722:
2613:
2503:
2433:
2353:
1576:
1522:
1432:
1315:
1103:
811:
757:
600:
3094:
3089:
2633:
2623:
2533:
1682:
1567:
1549:
1405:
898:
2839:
2821:
2483:
2290:
2278:
2062:
2038:
1678:
1636:
1610:
1396:
1290:
1281:
1070:
1052:
911:
678:
206:
38:
2593:
2523:
2493:
2463:
2423:
2326:
1773:
1703:
1540:
1477:
1441:
1423:
1378:
1263:
688:, they are brightly coloured. Most are monogamous and territorial, nesting in holes in trees or
51:
1168:
3066:
3035:
2603:
2583:
2553:
2543:
2393:
2383:
2011:
1892:
1644:
1531:
1495:
1450:
1387:
1351:
1342:
886:
185:
3013:
2563:
2513:
2266:
2206:
2128:
1761:
1736:
1671:
1486:
1414:
1218:
1191:
638:
164:
2643:
2453:
2197:
1785:
1558:
1459:
1181:
311:
178:
1912:
665:
and then spread to many areas around the world. Tree kingfishers are widespread through
571:
Cladogram based on the molecular analysis by
Andersen and colleagues published in 2017.
1667:
3083:
1979:
685:
108:
3027:
737:
580:
3040:
1755:
677:
and the islands of the
Pacific and Indian Oceans, using a range of habitats from
3007:
2344:
2146:
1991:
1985:
1305:
1128:
717:
670:
517:
377:
294:
227:
199:
2998:
701:
The tree kingfisher subfamily is often given the name
Daceloninae introduce by
2713:
2029:
1640:
1041:
783:
768:
732:
713:
654:
642:
467:
213:
150:
118:
1806:
2659:
2092:
1681:
and territorial, although some species, including three kookaburras, have a
762:
746:
741:
721:
658:
588:
157:
68:
2992:
2686:
1967:
424:
88:
2119:
1686:
689:
646:
360:
1740:
2002:
1961:
752:
726:
674:
441:
270:
78:
2969:
1765:
1918:
1666:
1167:
897:
650:
616:
2800:
1973:
1591:
666:
500:
220:
98:
2973:
1922:
1854:
1852:
712:
The subfamily
Halcyoninae is one of three subfamilies in the
621:
Brown-winged kingfisher, Sundarbans, West Bengal, India
1757:
1639:
have long tail streamers. Some species, notably the
2982:
2837:
2798:
2711:
2684:
2657:
2342:
2195:
2144:
2117:
2090:
2027:
2000:
1887:Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992).
1690:hatch, and stand on their heels, unlike adults.
705:in 1841, but the name Halcyoninae introduced by
1722:
1720:
1934:
8:
1870:
1858:
1843:
1831:
1698:Although some tree kingfishers, such as the
1807:"Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers"
2970:
1941:
1927:
1919:
657:. The subfamily appears to have arisen in
29:
20:
1716:
1781:
1771:
740:. The shovel-billed kookaburra in the
716:family Alcedinidae. The other two are
1813:. International Ornithologists' Union
1797:
1795:
709:in 1825 is earlier and has priority.
637:, are the most numerous of the three
7:
2962:56 to 61 living species in 12 genera
1889:Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers
492:
416:
409:
402:
352:
345:
286:
262:
255:
247:
1632:has a huge conical bill, and the
14:
2933:Buff-breasted paradise kingfisher
968:Buff-breasted paradise kingfisher
2945:Black-capped paradise kingfisher
2921:Brown-headed paradise kingfisher
2909:Red-breasted paradise kingfisher
995:Brown-headed paradise kingfisher
986:Red-breasted paradise kingfisher
977:Black-capped paradise kingfisher
903:Brown-headed paradise kingfisher
55:
1915:on the Internet Bird Collection
1805:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
653:, including several species of
1:
1891:. London: Christopher Helm.
2219:Chocolate-backed kingfisher
1811:World Bird List Version 7.2
1509:Todirhamphus recurvirostris
1228:Chocolate-backed kingfisher
3111:
2897:Numfor paradise kingfisher
2873:Kofiau paradise kingfisher
2861:Common paradise kingfisher
2849:Little paradise kingfisher
2735:Rufous-collared kingfisher
2574:Cinnamon-banded kingfisher
1871:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1859:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1844:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1832:Fry, Fry & Harris 1992
1514:Cinnamon-banded kingfisher
959:Little paradise kingfisher
950:Numfor paradise kingfisher
932:Kofiau paradise kingfisher
923:Common paradise kingfisher
839:Rufous-collared kingfisher
2960:
2783:Scaly-breasted kingfisher
2374:Blue-and-white kingfisher
2231:White-throated kingfisher
2075:Rufous-bellied kookaburra
1956:
1536:Todirhamphus ruficollaris
1482:Todiramphus reichenbachii
1464:Todirhamphus cinnamominus
1334:Blue-and-white kingfisher
1320:Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus
1210:Brown-breasted kingfisher
1201:White-throated kingfisher
1173:White-throated kingfisher
1152:Pelargopsis melanorhyncha
1089:Rufous-bellied kookaburra
1018:Sulawesi lilac kingfisher
803:Scaly-breasted kingfisher
736:as currently defined are
514:
497:
490:
464:
438:
421:
414:
407:
400:
374:
357:
350:
343:
308:
291:
284:
267:
260:
253:
241:Phylogeny of Halcyoninae
146:
141:
52:Scientific classification
50:
37:
28:
23:
2885:Biak paradise kingfisher
2810:Yellow-billed kingfisher
2404:White-mantled kingfisher
2303:Blue-breasted kingfisher
2102:Shovel-billed kookaburra
1754:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
1651:Distribution and habitat
1630:shovel-billed kookaburra
1602:Yellow-billed kingfisher
1581:Todirhamphus pyrrhopygia
1518:Todirhamphus australasia
1374:Todirhamphus leucopygius
1365:Todirhamphus albonotatus
1361:White-mantled kingfisher
1273:Blue-breasted kingfisher
1080:Shovel-billed kookaburra
1027:Sangihe lilac kingfisher
941:Biak paradise kingfisher
816:Actenoides bougainvillei
703:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
603:in the monotypic genus
585:shovel-billed kookaburra
2771:Green-backed kingfisher
2747:Spotted wood kingfisher
2669:White-rumped kingfisher
2474:Rusty-capped kingfisher
2315:Brown-hooded kingfisher
2255:Black-capped kingfisher
2180:Great-billed kingfisher
2168:Stork-billed kingfisher
2156:Brown-winged kingfisher
1729:Journal of Biogeography
1700:black-capped kingfisher
1572:Todirhamphus godeffroyi
1491:Todirhamphus saurophaga
1469:Rusty-capped kingfisher
1325:Rufous-lored kingfisher
1255:Brown-hooded kingfisher
1237:Black-capped kingfisher
1161:Pelargopsis amauroptera
1157:Brown-winged kingfisher
1148:Great-billed kingfisher
1139:Stork-billed kingfisher
1114:White-rumped kingfisher
963:Tanysiptera hydrocharis
821:Spotted wood kingfisher
794:Green-backed kingfisher
760:in the monotypic genus
707:Nicholas Aylward Vigors
663:Maritime Southeast Asia
645:family, with around 70
2696:Hook-billed kingfisher
2444:Flat-billed kingfisher
2414:Ultramarine kingfisher
2243:Grey-headed kingfisher
2051:Blue-winged kookaburra
1674:
1563:Todirhamphus gertrudae
1545:Todirhamphus veneratus
1505:Flat-billed kingfisher
1473:Todiramphus pelewensis
1437:Todirhamphus tristrami
1428:Todirhamphus albicilla
1383:Todirhamphus farquhari
1370:Ultramarine kingfisher
1356:Todirhamphus macleayii
1329:Todirhamphus winchelli
1246:Grey-headed kingfisher
1175:
1062:Blue-winged kookaburra
915:, paradise kingfishers
905:
864:Hook-billed kingfisher
830:Blue-capped kingfisher
622:
3062:Paleobiology Database
2723:Moustached kingfisher
2614:Chattering kingfisher
2504:Melanesian kingfisher
2434:Red-backed kingfisher
2364:Winchell's kingfisher
2354:Blue-black kingfisher
1677:Tree kingfishers are
1670:
1577:Red-backed kingfisher
1554:Todirhamphus gambieri
1523:Chattering kingfisher
1433:Melanesian kingfisher
1410:Todirhamphus sordidus
1392:Todirhamphus funebris
1316:Blue-black kingfisher
1171:
981:Tanysiptera nigriceps
954:Tanysiptera carolinae
901:
812:Moustached kingfisher
758:glittering kingfisher
673:, but also appear in
620:
601:glittering kingfisher
2759:Hombron's kingfisher
2634:Mangareva kingfisher
2624:Marquesan kingfisher
2534:Torresian kingfisher
1683:cooperative breeding
1637:paradise kingfishers
1568:Marquesan kingfisher
1550:Mangareva kingfisher
1500:Todirhamphus sanctus
1419:Todirhamphus colonus
1406:Torresian kingfisher
1401:Todirhamphus chloris
1295:Halcyon senegaloides
1286:Halcyon senegalensis
1250:Halcyon leucocephala
1223:Halcyon cyanoventris
1143:Pelargopsis capensis
1031:Cittura sanghirensis
945:Tanysiptera riedelii
868:Melidora macrorrhina
843:Actenoides concretus
44:Halcyon senegalensis
2822:Mountain kingfisher
2484:Collared kingfisher
2448:(T. recurvirostris)
2291:Mangrove kingfisher
2279:Woodland kingfisher
2063:Spangled kookaburra
2039:Laughing kookaburra
1611:Mountain kingfisher
1455:Todirhamphus enigma
1397:Collared kingfisher
1347:Todirhamphus lazuli
1291:Mangrove kingfisher
1282:Woodland kingfisher
1259:Halcyon albiventris
1071:Spangled kookaburra
1057:Dacelo novaeguineae
1053:Laughing kookaburra
936:Tanysiptera ellioti
927:Tanysiptera galatea
834:Actenoides hombroni
825:Actenoides lindsayi
807:Actenoides princeps
798:Actenoides monachus
681:to open woodlands.
679:tropical rainforest
39:Woodland kingfisher
2594:Society kingfisher
2524:Mariana kingfisher
2494:Pacific kingfisher
2468:(T. reichenbachii)
2464:Pohnpei kingfisher
2424:Vanuatu kingfisher
2327:Striped kingfisher
1704:Vanuatu kingfisher
1675:
1541:Society kingfisher
1478:Pohnpei kingfisher
1446:Todirhamphus sacer
1442:Pacific kingfisher
1424:Mariana kingfisher
1379:Vanuatu kingfisher
1338:Todirhamphus diops
1264:Striped kingfisher
1205:Halcyon smyrnensis
1176:
1118:Caridonax fulgidus
990:Tanysiptera nympha
972:Tanysiptera sylvia
906:
623:
16:Subfamily of birds
3077:
3076:
2976:Taxon identifiers
2967:
2966:
2608:(T. ruficollaris)
2604:Mewing kingfisher
2584:Sacred kingfisher
2554:Talaud kingfisher
2544:Sombre kingfisher
2458:(T. cinnamominus)
2394:Forest kingfisher
2384:Lazuli kingfisher
2358:(T. nigrocyaneus)
2012:Banded kingfisher
1913:Kingfisher videos
1898:978-0-7136-8028-7
1873:, pp. 17–18.
1861:, pp. 12–13.
1846:, pp. 21–22.
1741:10.1111/jbi.13139
1645:sexual dimorphism
1532:Mewing kingfisher
1527:Todirhamphus tuta
1496:Sacred kingfisher
1451:Talaud kingfisher
1388:Sombre kingfisher
1352:Forest kingfisher
1343:Lazuli kingfisher
1277:Halcyon malimbica
1268:Halcyon chelicuti
1196:Halcyon coromanda
1093:Dacelo gaudichaud
999:Tanysiptera danae
887:Banded kingfisher
615:
614:
565:
564:
556:
555:
547:
546:
538:
537:
529:
528:
479:
478:
453:
452:
389:
388:
332:
331:
323:
322:
236:
235:
137:
3102:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3044:
3043:
3031:
3030:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2971:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2830:
2818:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2728:A. bougainvillei
2704:
2677:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2578:(T. australasia)
2570:
2564:Beach kingfisher
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2514:Islet kingfisher
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2438:(T. pyrrhopygia)
2430:
2420:
2418:(T. leucopygius)
2410:
2408:(T. albonotatus)
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2275:
2267:Javan kingfisher
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2207:Ruddy kingfisher
2188:
2185:P. melanorhyncha
2176:
2164:
2137:
2129:Lilac kingfisher
2110:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2020:
1950:Tree kingfishers
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1902:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1834:, pp. 6–11.
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1784:has extra text (
1783:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1724:
1672:Ruddy kingfisher
1615:Syma megarhyncha
1487:Beach kingfisher
1415:Islet kingfisher
1219:Javan kingfisher
1192:Ruddy kingfisher
1022:Cittura cyanotis
891:Lacedo pulchella
649:divided into 12
641:of birds in the
631:wood kingfishers
627:tree kingfishers
493:
417:
410:
403:
353:
346:
287:
263:
256:
248:
238:
237:
132:
60:
59:
33:
24:Tree kingfisher
21:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3026:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2833:
2824:
2812:
2794:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2707:
2698:
2680:
2671:
2653:
2646:
2644:Niau kingfisher
2636:
2628:(T. godeffroyi)
2626:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2568:(T. saurophaga)
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2478:(T. pelewensis)
2476:
2466:
2456:
2454:Guam kingfisher
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2338:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2296:H. senegaloides
2293:
2284:H. senegalensis
2281:
2272:H. cyanoventris
2269:
2257:
2248:H. leucocephala
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2191:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2140:
2131:
2113:
2104:
2086:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2044:D. novaeguineae
2041:
2023:
2014:
1996:
1952:
1947:
1909:
1899:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1780:
1770:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1696:
1665:
1653:
1625:
1559:Niau kingfisher
1460:Guam kingfisher
1241:Halcyon pileata
1214:Halcyon gularis
778:
776:List of species
699:
566:
557:
548:
539:
530:
480:
454:
390:
333:
324:
131:
54:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3058:
3045:
3032:
3019:
3004:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2854:T. hydrocharis
2845:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:S. megarhyncha
2819:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:M. macrorrhina
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2648:(T. gertrudae)
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2598:(T. veneratus)
2591:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2528:(T. albicilla)
2521:
2511:
2508:(T. tristrami)
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2428:(T. farquhari)
2421:
2411:
2401:
2398:(T. macleayii)
2391:
2381:
2371:
2368:(T. winchelli)
2361:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2320:H. albiventris
2312:
2300:
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2252:
2240:
2228:
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2161:P. amauroptera
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1907:External links
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2642:
2639:
2638:(T. gambieri)
2635:
2632:
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2625:
2622:
2619:
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2579:
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2548:(T. funebris)
2545:
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2538:(T. sordidus)
2535:
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2236:H. smyrnensis
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2080:D. gaudichaud
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1980:Coraciiformes
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1045:, kookaburras
1044:
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686:Coraciiformes
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109:Coraciiformes
107:
104:
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97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2983:
2950:T. nigriceps
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2902:T. carolinae
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2740:A. concretus
2739:
2727:
2712:
2700:
2685:
2673:
2658:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2588:(T. sanctus)
2587:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2518:(T. colonus)
2517:
2507:
2497:
2488:(T. chloris)
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2343:
2332:H. chelicuti
2331:
2319:
2308:H. malimbica
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2212:H. coromanda
2211:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2145:
2133:
2118:
2106:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2028:
2017:L. pulchella
2016:
2001:
1949:
1888:
1866:
1839:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1756:
1749:
1732:
1728:
1697:
1676:
1658:
1654:
1633:
1626:
1614:
1605:
1590:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1306:Todirhamphus
1304:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1180:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1127:
1117:
1102:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1040:
1030:
1021:
1008:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
910:
890:
877:
867:
852:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
782:
767:
766:lies within
761:
751:
750:sits within
745:
738:paraphyletic
731:
725:
711:
700:
683:
634:
630:
626:
624:
608:
604:
596:
595:sits within
592:
581:paraphyletic
576:
572:
516:
515:
499:
498:
466:
465:
440:
439:
423:
422:
376:
375:
359:
358:
310:
309:
293:
292:
269:
268:
251:Halcyoninae
228:Todirhamphus
226:
219:
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:
128:
43:
18:
3095:Kingfishers
3090:Halcyoninae
3028:Halcyoninae
3014:Halcyoninae
3008:Wikispecies
2984:Halcyoninae
2890:T. riedelii
2840:Tanysiptera
2815:S. torotoro
2788:A. princeps
2776:A. monachus
2764:A. hombroni
2752:A. lindsayi
2674:C. fulgidus
2558:(T. enigma)
2388:(T. lazuli)
2345:Todiramphus
2173:P. capensis
2147:Pelargopsis
2134:C. cyanotis
1992:Halcyoninae
1990:Subfamily:
1986:Alcedinidae
1803:Gill, Frank
1735:(2): 1–13.
1641:kookaburras
1634:Tanysiptera
1623:Description
1129:Pelargopsis
1075:Dacelo tyro
912:Tanysiptera
718:Alcedininae
671:Australasia
655:kookaburras
639:subfamilies
635:Halcyoninae
518:Todiramphus
378:Tanysiptera
295:Pelargopsis
207:Tanysiptera
200:Pelargopsis
129:Halcyoninae
125:Subfamily:
119:Alcedinidae
3084:Categories
2878:T. ellioti
2866:T. galatea
2714:Actenoides
2498:(T. sacer)
2378:(T. diops)
2260:H. pileata
2056:D. leachii
1711:References
1679:monogamous
1084:Dacelo rex
784:Actenoides
769:Actenoides
733:Actenoides
714:kingfisher
643:kingfisher
609:Actenoides
607:is within
577:Actenoides
468:Actenoides
151:Actenoides
2938:T. sylvia
2914:T. nympha
2660:Caridonax
2618:(T. tuta)
2093:Clytoceyx
1960:Kingdom:
1774:cite book
1104:Caridonax
763:Caridonax
747:Clytoceyx
742:monotypic
722:Cerylinae
659:Indochina
605:Caridonax
593:Clytoceyx
589:monotypic
172:Clytoceyx
158:Caridonax
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
2999:Q1607847
2993:Wikidata
2926:T. danae
2687:Melidora
2224:H. badia
1984:Family:
1968:Chordata
1966:Phylum:
1962:Animalia
1766:2246/830
1663:Breeding
854:Melidora
756:and the
697:Taxonomy
425:Melidora
193:Melidora
115:Family:
89:Chordata
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
2198:Halcyon
2120:Cittura
2068:D. tyro
1978:Order:
1972:Class:
1881:Sources
1694:Feeding
1687:termite
1643:, show
1182:Halcyon
1009:Cittura
690:termite
647:species
587:in the
361:Cittura
312:Halcyon
179:Halcyon
165:Cittura
142:Genera
105:Order:
95:Class:
3054:692680
2107:C. rex
2030:Dacelo
2003:Lacedo
1895:
1817:28 May
1589:Genus
1303:Genus
1179:Genus
1126:Genus
1101:Genus
1042:Dacelo
1039:Genus
1007:Genus
909:Genus
878:Lacedo
876:Genus
851:Genus
781:Genus
753:Dacelo
744:genus
727:Dacelo
675:Africa
651:genera
599:; the
597:Dacelo
591:genus
583:. The
573:Dacelo
442:Dacelo
271:Lacedo
214:Dacelo
186:Lacedo
136:, 1825
134:Vigors
3067:99124
3049:ITIS
2801:Syma
1974:Aves
1893:ISBN
1819:2017
1786:help
1592:Syma
730:and
720:and
669:and
667:Asia
661:and
625:The
579:are
575:and
501:Syma
221:Syma
99:Aves
3041:JMT
3036:CoL
3023:AFD
1762:hdl
1737:doi
633:or
3086::
3064::
3051::
3038::
3025::
3010::
2995::
1851:^
1809:.
1794:^
1778::
1776:}}
1772:{{
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