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later processing the wood. Contact with the spike often damages saw blades, which can result in injuries, or death, to nearby workers. The spike can also lower the commercial value of the wood by causing discoloration, reducing the economic viability of logging in the long term, without threatening
94:
and the placement of the nail suggested it was inserted after the tree was cut. Alexander later filed a lawsuit against
Louisiana-Pacific claiming that the band saw had been weakened from previous strikes with nails, but that he was forced to work with the saw or face dismissal.
805:
782:
90:, Alexander's employer, offered a $ 20,000 reward for information leading to the alleged tree spiker, but no charges were filed in this incident. The spiking itself was thought to be inconsistent with Earth First! tactics, as the trees were not in an
813:
156:
Following the 1987 injury of
California mill worker George Alexander, anti-tree spiking legislation was introduced as the Anti-Tree Spiking Act, and was passed into federal law as an amendment, introduced by senators
774:
439:
83:. In the book, he discusses how to do it and how to avoid risks to the activist and the logger, such as by putting warning signs or marks in the area where the trees are being spiked.
145:
467:
106:
by logging advocates who claim it is potentially dangerous to loggers or mill-workers, although by 1996 only this single injury resulting from tree spiking had been reported.
431:
279:
617:
86:
On 8 May 1987, George
Alexander, a millworker, was severely injured when a saw blade shattered after contact with a tree spike and cut his jaw in half.
806:"As a student, Tracy Stone-Manning sent a letter on behalf of eco-saboteurs. It's now complicating her chance to lead the Bureau of Land Management"
408:
378:
835:
Bari, Judi; Cherney, Darryl; Roselle, Mike; Cloninger, Rick; Cloninger, Kathi; Evans, Larry; King, Greg; Davis, Pam; Martin, Daphne (April 1990).
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the life of the tree. It is illegal in the United States, and has been described as a form of
169:. In 1993, John Blount and others were convicted under this statute for spiking trees in the
900:
158:
136:(NFA) had spiked trees during a direct action campaign against native forest logging on the
66:
568:
Tree Spiker: From Earth First! to
Lowbagging: My Struggles in Radical Environmental Action
148:
had said that tree spiking was proposed by some individuals involved in the NFA campaign.
33:
682:
Nixon, Tina (January 6, 1998). "Spikes put workers' lives at risk". The
Southland Times.
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might be expected to cut into the tree, or higher up where it would affect the
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area were spiked. Police were unable to trace those who were responsible.
754:
132:, while he was the mayor for the Buller District, suggested in 2000 that
192:, issued a memo and press release to Earth First! activists in Northern
228:
45:
65:. It came to prominence as a contentious tactic within unconventional
693:
Madgwick, Paul (April 14, 2000). "Public backlash around NZ feared".
310:
197:
140:. This was denied by NFA spokesperson Dean Bagient-Mercer. In 1998,
644:"Ecoterrorism: The Dangerous Fringe of the Environmental Movement"
401:"Booby-Trapped Tree Was Felled in Area Known for Bizarre Protests"
20:
61:
It was first mentioned in the context of discouraging logging in
371:"Environment Radicals Target of Probe Into Lumber Mill Accident"
204:, a 1990 campaign of nonviolent protests against logging of the
37:
345:(3rd ed.). Chico, California: Abbzug Press. p. 350.
708:
Bagient-Mercer, Dean (April 27, 2000). "West Coast forests".
177:
agreed to testify in exchange for immunity from prosecution.
856:"Convicted tree spiker: Stone-Manning knew plans in advance"
40:
trunk, either inserting it at the base of the trunk where a
313:(1st ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Co. p. 310.
775:"Clearwater forest trial opens in Idaho tree-spiking case"
837:"Northern California Earth First! renounces tree spiking"
504:
877:
461:
459:
457:
219:
despite her involvement in a 1989 tree-spiking plot.
102:
to denounce tree spiking. Tree spiking is labeled as
854:
Streater, Scott; Yachnin, Jennifer (July 15, 2021).
506:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 372.
200:, renouncing tree-spiking as a tactic on the eve of
69:
circles during the 1980s, after it was advocated by
738:
804:Partlow, Joshua; Grandoni, Dino (July 4, 2021).
653:(764). Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation.
527:
525:
523:
430:Anderson, Jack; van Atta, Dale (March 5, 1990).
266:. Vol. 2, no. 2. Salt Lake City, UT:
570:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
561:
559:
497:
495:
493:
839:(Press release). Earth First!. Archived from
8:
343:Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching
302:
300:
122:trees that were being logged in 1998 in the
98:This industrial accident led the leaders of
341:Haywood, Bill; Foreman, Dave, eds. (1993).
364:
362:
677:
675:
604:. Vol. 15, no. 3. Eugene, OR:
432:"Tree spiking an 'eco-terrorist' tactic"
884:
381:from the original on September 11, 2020
245:
660:from the original on November 19, 2020
7:
468:"The Secret History of Tree Spiking"
566:Roselle, Mike; Mahan, Josh (2009).
253:Watson, Leroy (December 21, 1981).
211:In 2021, President Biden nominated
785:from the original on June 23, 2021
781:. Associated Press. June 8, 1993.
743:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
623:from the original on July 11, 2021
411:from the original on June 29, 2021
369:Stammer, Larry B. (May 15, 1987).
285:from the original on July 11, 2021
25:Tree spiking of a birch in Sweden.
14:
591:Watson, Paul (February 2, 1995).
442:from the original on July 5, 2021
899:
887:
502:Woodhouse, Keith Makoto (2018).
466:Bari, Judi (February 17, 1993).
32:involves hammering a metal rod,
642:Bandow, Doug (April 12, 1990).
16:Radical environmentalist tactic
1:
593:"In Defense of Tree Spiking"
307:Manes, Christopher (1990).
167:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
948:
472:Anderson Valley Advertiser
171:Clearwater National Forest
217:Bureau of Land Management
36:or other material into a
932:Radical environmentalism
532:Rowell, Andrew (1996).
26:
538:. Routledge. p.
63:Earth First! magazine
24:
779:The Lewiston Tribune
710:Letter to the Editor
134:Native Forest Action
213:Tracy Stone-Manning
184:leaders, including
175:Tracy Stone-Manning
27:
759:November 18, 1988
577:978-0-312-55619-8
405:Los Angeles Times
375:Los Angeles Times
92:old-growth forest
88:Louisiana-Pacific
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474:. Archived from
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407:. May 16, 1987.
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67:environmentalist
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608:. p. 10.
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535:Green Backlash
519:
513:978-0231165884
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352:978-0963775108
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320:978-0316545327
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206:redwood forest
202:Redwood Summer
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864:. Retrieved
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841:the original
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818:. Retrieved
814:the original
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787:. Retrieved
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662:. Retrieved
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625:. Retrieved
606:Earth First!
601:Earth First!
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480:. Retrieved
476:the original
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444:. Retrieved
435:
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413:. Retrieved
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383:. Retrieved
374:
342:
336:
324:. Retrieved
309:
287:. Retrieved
268:Earth First!
263:Earth First!
261:
248:
234:Tree sitting
215:to lead the
210:
190:Mike Roselle
182:Earth First!
179:
155:
128:
118:
100:Earth First!
97:
85:
78:
77:in his book
75:Dave Foreman
71:Earth First!
60:
30:Tree spiking
29:
28:
18:
906:Environment
749:, 102
142:Kevin Smith
115:New Zealand
73:co-founder
916:Categories
757:, enacted
240:References
194:California
138:West Coast
110:By country
80:Ecodefense
862:. E&E
860:Greenwire
714:The Press
695:The Press
614:1055-8411
276:1055-8411
255:"Spikin'"
186:Judi Bari
180:In 1990,
165:, to the
130:Pat O'Dea
124:Tuatapere
866:July 22,
820:July 11,
789:July 11,
783:Archived
664:July 11,
655:Archived
627:July 11,
618:Archived
482:July 11,
446:July 11,
440:Archived
415:July 11,
409:Archived
385:July 11,
379:Archived
326:July 11,
289:July 11,
280:Archived
223:See also
173:, after
880:Portals
747:100–690
739:Pub. L.
229:Ecotage
57:History
46:sawmill
753:
745:
612:
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317:
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198:Oregon
42:logger
927:Trees
894:Trees
751:Stat.
658:(PDF)
647:(PDF)
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283:(PDF)
258:(PDF)
144:from
120:Beech
868:2021
822:2021
791:2021
755:4181
666:2021
629:2021
610:ISSN
572:ISBN
544:ISBN
508:ISBN
484:2021
448:2021
417:2021
387:2021
347:ISBN
328:2021
315:ISBN
291:2021
272:ISSN
188:and
161:and
38:tree
34:nail
540:153
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
