56:
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651:, born in Vĩnh Lộc commune, Thanh Hóa province. Trịnh Kiểm was raised in a poor family. He often stole chickens from his neighbors because chicken was his mother's favorite food. When his neighbors found out, they became angry. One day, when Trịnh Kiểm left home, his neighbors abducted his mother and threw her down an abyss. Trịnh Kiểm returned home and panicked due to her disappearance. When he found his mother's body, it was infested with
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1535:
699:
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659:. Because of Trịnh Kiểm's talent, he was given the hand of Kim's daughter Ngọc Bảo. In 1539, Trịnh Kiểm was promoted to general and received the title of Duke of Dực (Dực quận công). In 1545, after the assassination of Nguyễn Kim, Trịnh Kiểm replaced his father-in-law as the commander of the Lê dynasty's royal court and military.
74:
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region of the northern Red River delta area of
Vietnam as military leaders. Trịnh-ruled northern Vietnam used its eunuchs in the military and civilian bureaucracy. Many Buddhist temples had money and land donated by eunuchs who had gained wealth and influence. Field army units, secret police, customs
2361:
refugees into their lands, the Trịnh did not. When the Qing conquered the Ming and extended the Qing Empire's borders to
Northern Vietnam, the Trịnh treated them as they had treated the Ming Emperors, sending tribute and formal acknowledgements. The Qing intervened twice during the rule of the Trịnh
2331:
arrived in Trịnh-controlled
Vietnam. He arrived at a mission that had been established at the court in Hanoi around 1615. The priest was a significant figure in relations between Europe and Vietnam. He gained thousands of converts, created a script for writing Vietnamese using a modified version of
1927:
became increasingly secure in his rule over the southern province and increasingly independent. While he cooperated with the Trịnh against the Mạc, he ruled the frontier lands. With the conquest of the north, the independence of the Nguyễn was less and less tolerable to the Trịnh. In 1600, with the
1713:
that the Trịnh clan restored the Lê dynasty to power after
Vietnam was struck by disease, thunder and winds when the Lê ruler was dethroned, and they initially could not find Lê and Trần dynasty royals to restore to the throne. Pan also said that only the Lê ruler was met by official diplomats from
1982:
with the help of
European engineers. Third, the geography favored them, as the flat land suitable for large, organized armies was narrow at the border between the Nguyễn lands and the Trinh territories – mountains reach nearly to the sea. After the first offensive was beaten off after four months,
2380:
The Trịnh had lost nearly all popularity by the last half of the 18th century. While the Nguyễn lords, or at least Nguyễn Ánh, enjoyed a great deal of support – as his repeated attempts to regain power in the south show – no equivalent support for the Trịnh survived in the north after the Tây Sơn
2071:
military governor were delegated to eunuchs. The supervisor services, military, civil service and court all had eunuchs appointed to work in them and they were faithful followers of the Trịnh lords and a check on the power of civil and military officials. Eunuchs were employed as building project
2019:
The Trịnh lords ruled reasonably well, maintaining the fiction that the Lê monarch was the emperor. However, they selected and replaced the emperor as they saw fit, having the hereditary right to appoint many top government officials. Unlike the Nguyễn lords, who engaged in frequent wars with the
3179:
Hoang Anh Tuan, “Letter from the King of Tonkin concerning the termination of the trading relation with the VOC, 10 February 1700”. In: Harta Karun: Hidden
Treasures on Indonesian and Asian-European History from the VOC Archives in Jakarta, document 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia,
2257:
also joined Bồng's faction and pressured Chiêu Thống to grant him the title prince, to which the emperor reluctantly agreed. He then sent a request to Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, who had raised a considerable army, to aid the emperor once again. Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh obeyed and marched north, where he defeated
2116:
saw the Tây Sơn rebellion as a chance to end Nguyễn rule over the south. Inner struggle among the Nguyễn had put a 12-year-old boy in power. The real ruler was corrupt regent Trương Phúc Loan. Using the popular rule of the regent as an excuse for intervention, in 1774, the hundred-year truce was
1753:
After seizing Tây Đô citadel and attacking Ninh Bình, on 20/5/1545, Dương Chấp Nhất invited Kim to visit his military camp. Dương Chấp Nhất treated Kim to watermelon. After returning for from the party, Kim felt ill and died the same day. Dương Chấp Nhất later again pledged allegiance to the Mạc
2288:
In the next months, Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh carried campaigned against Bồng. He captured and executed Dương Trọng Tế and Hoàng Phùng Cơ. Trịnh Bồng took refuge at Đinh Tích Nhưỡng's camp. Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh organized a large assault and defeated Bồng in fall 1787. Đinh Tích Nhưỡng and Bồng ran away,
2745:
2371:
The Trịnh Lords were, for the most part, intelligent, able, industrious, and long-lived rulers. The unusual dual form of government they developed over two centuries was a creative response to the internal and external obstacles to their rule. They lacked, however, both the power and the
1701:
determined that Mạc Đăng Dung's usurpation of power was not legitimate. In 1537, a large Ming army was sent to the border to threaten Mạc emperor to return the authority back to Lê emperor . Although Mạc Đăng Dung managed to negotiate this issue with the Ming to control northern part of
3023:
2983:
2637:
1706:, he was forced to recognize the Lê emperor's legitimacy over the southern part of realm. However, the war was continued because the Nguyễn–Trịnh alliance refused to recognize Mạc's authority over the northern region. Mạc Đăng Dung passed away in 1541 and succeeded by his son.
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in
Vietnam, with moderate success. When the Nguyễn successfully used Portuguese cannon to defend their walls, the Trịnh made contact with the Dutch. The Dutch were willing to sell advanced cannons to the Trịnh. The Dutch, and later the Germans, set up trading posts in
2132:), in early 1775. The Trịnh army advanced south, defeated the Tây Sơn and forced them to surrender. In the middle of 1775, the Trịnh army, include Hoàng Ngũ Phúc, were hit by a plague. The plagued forced them to withdraw and left the rest of the south to the Tây Sơn.
55:
1932:, Hoàng broke relations with the Trịnh-dominated court, although he continued to acknowledge the Lê emperor. Matters continued like this until Hoàng's death in 1613. The historical victory of the Trịnh over the Mạc was a common theme in public Vietnamese theaters.
2225:) that would help them gain support from northern people. The Trịnh and Three Prefectures armiews were quickly defeated. Trịnh Tông committed suicide. Emperor Cảnh Hưng died of old age shortly after and passed the throne to Lê Duy Kì (emperor Chiêu Thống).
2228:
Nguyễn Nhạc, after having heard of Nguyễn Huệ's insubordination, hastily marched to Thăng Long and ordered all Tây Sơn troops to withdraw. They intentionally left Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh behind. Chỉnh chased them and then stayed in his hometown in Nghệ An.
2345:. For a time, Dutch trade was profitable, but after the war with the Nguyễn ended in 1673, the demand for European weapons rapidly declined. By 1700, the Dutch and English trading posts had closed. The Trịnh were careful in their dealings with the
2158:, who was favored by his father. In 1780, Trịnh Sâm became seriously ill, and Trịnh Tông used this to stage a coup d'état. The plan was discovered, many high-ranking mandarins on Trịnh Tông's side were purged, Tông himself was imprisoned.
2206:
and Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh to attack Trịnh lords, but warned them not to advance further north. After taking Phú Xuân, Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh convinced Nguyễn Huệ to overthrow Trịnh lords under the banner "Destroy the Trịnh and Aid the Lê
1899:
1977:
First, they initially were on the defensive and rarely launched operations into the north. Second, the Nguyễn were able to take advantage of their contacts with
Europeans, specifically the Portuguese, to produce advanced
2240:
marched into Thăng Long and forced Chiêu Thống to grant him the title
Viceroy, which would make him a Trịnh lord. Emperor Chiêu Thống did not want to reinstall Trịnh lords and rejected Lệ's request. At the same time,
1285:
2032:, which turned into a multi-sided war with Laotian factions as well as the Siamese army. A decade later, Laos had settled into an uneasy peace with three new Lao kingdoms paying tribute to both Vietnam and Siam.
2201:
defected to Tây Sơn. He was welcomed by the king and became an army commander. In summer 1786, Nguyễn Nhạc, who wanted to reclaim the land of the Nguyễn lords taken by the Trịnh in 1775, ordered his brother
1974:. After five years of increasingly hostile talks, fighting broke out between the Trịnh and the Nguyễn in 1627. While the Trịnh ruled over much more populous territory, the Nguyễn had several advantages.
1829:
2300:). After the Qing's defeat in early 1789, Bồng fled to the western region of the country, proclaimed himself to be a lord and built a resistance army against the Tây Sơn. He died in early 1791.
2040:
made many reforms, but these reforms made the government more powerful and more of a burden to the people, which increased their dislike of the government. During the wasteful and inept rule of
1605:
began to decline followed by some peasant rebellions due to adversities and corruption in central and regional government that led to rising social unrest and grievances of civilians . In 1527,
2362:
lords, once in 1537, and again in 1788. Both times, the Qing sent an army south because of a formal request for help from the Lê emperors – and both times the intervention was unsuccessful.
2007:
2490:
1991:). The walls were about 20 feet tall and seven miles long. The Nguyễn defended these lines against numerous Trịnh offensives that lasted (off and on) from 1631 till 1673, when
3123:(A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles. pp. 85, 110.
1796:, who was living in seclusion. Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm advised Trịnh Kiểm not to take the Lê dynasty's throne, although the Lê dynasty was just a puppet. Trịnh Kiểm decided to put
2336:, decided that De Rhodes represented a threat to Vietnamese society and forced him to leave the country. From this point on, the Trịnh lords periodically tried to suppress
3584:
1750:, the Mạc-appointed mandarin governing Tây Đô fortress in Thanh Hoa province, decided to surrender to Lê authorities when Nguyễn Kim recaptured the province in 1543.
2293:
2044:, peasant revolts became more frequent. The key problem was a lack of land to farm, though Giang made the situation worse by his actions. The reign of successor
1779:
Vietnam circa 1540, showing the Mạc in control of the north (pink) while the Nguyễn-Trịnh alliance controls the south (yellow). Champa (green) was a vassal state
1970:, refused to send tax money to the court in Đông Đô to protest the dictatorship of the Trịnh lords. In 1623, Trịnh Tung died and was succeeded by oldest son
1563:
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In 1782, Trịnh Sâm died and passed power to Trịnh Cán. However, Cán was five years old at the time; the real ruler was Hoàng Ngũ Phúc's adopted son
3564:
2183:) to kill Hoàng Đình Bảo and overthrow Trịnh Cán. However, because Tông was indebted to the army, he could not control it. The army then released
1814:
3245:
Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Phe chống đảng Tây Sơn ở Bắc với tập "Lữ Trung Ngâm" (The anti-Tây Sơn factions in the north and the "Lữ Trung Ngâm" collection)
3349:
1485:
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2249:, marched into Thăng Long. Dương Trọng Tế thought Trịnh Lệ was unpopular and defected to Bồng's side, helping him defeat Trịnh Lệ. Generals
1589:
2012:
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died without an heir. Trịnh Kiểm wanted to seize the throne, but worried about public opinion. He sought advice from the former mandarin
2165:, who was appointed by Sâm as Cán's assistant. A few weeks after Cán was crowned, Trịnh Tông conspired with the Three Prefectures Army (
982:
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3320:, Volumes 1–4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. – "Trịnh Lords" Article by James M. Coyle, based on the work of Thomas Hodgkin.
614:
in the north. However in early 17th century, the relationships of both clans started becoming deteriorated and Trịnh clan on behalf of
3312:
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2067:
duty taxes, finance, land deeds and military registers and tax harvesting in son Nam province (Binh phien) as well as the position of
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1983:
the Nguyễn built two massive, fortified lines that stretched a few miles from the sea to the hills. These walls were built north of
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1470:
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Fraught
Collaboration: Diplomacy, Intermediaries, and Governance at the China-Vietnam Border, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
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was restored in 1533 with Lê Trang Tông as emperor, Nguyễn Kim was head of government and wielded real authority in the nation.
3589:
3579:
825:
400:
386:
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2198:
2028:, the Trịnh lords maintained relatively peaceable relations with neighboring states. In 1694, they got involved in a war in
1941:
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1967:
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refused to pay tax and tribute to imperial court in the North. The conflicts was ended until both clan were destroyed by
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3163:"Letter from the King of Tonkin concerning the termination of the trading relation with the VOC, 10 February 1700"
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and his four sons to flee. Later, Trịnh Tùng enthroned Emperor Lê Anh Tông's youngest son, prince Đàm, with title
1745:
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The government fell into chaos after Kim's death. The successor as the head of government was Kim's eldest son,
1658:
1609:, a courtier of government began to seize control of imperial court and emperor gradually and overthrew emperor
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was preoccupied with putting down peasant revolts and wiping out armed gangs that terrorized the countryside.
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back after searching the Lê dynasty's surviving descendant called prince '"Lê Ninh"', who was a son of emperor
1510:
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182:
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The Tây Sơn's invasion and sudden withdrawal caused a power vacuum in the North. Trịnh Sâm's younger brother
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2296:, Trịnh Bồng turned himself in to emperor Chiêu Thống. He was pardoned but was demoted to Duke of Huệ Địch (
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remained at large in the north, Trịnh Kiểm turned to eliminating the Nguyễn lords' power. Although the
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army attacked the Lê dynasty from the north and Trịnh Cối surrendered to the Mạc dynasty. The emperor
3205:(2). Centre for Vietnamese Studies, Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow University, Russia: 161–168.
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1649:. After several years of civil war, most of the southern provinces of Đại Việt was recaptured by
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1693:, followed by more southern province in later years and installed prince Lê Ninh as the emperor
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1697:. War raged with the Nguyễn–Trịnh army on one side and the Mạc on the other, until an official
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in 1802, he pardoned the Trịnh clan and allowed their descendants to worship their ancestors.
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1999:, dividing Vietnam between the two families. This division continued for the next 100 years.
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Trịnh Sâm's army did what no previous Trịnh army had done and conquered the Nguyễn capital,
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1800:
on the throne, who was a 6th-generation descendant of Lê Trừ , the older brother of emperor
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Map of Vietnam in the 18th century, published by a Dutch company in Amsterdam around 1760.
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while the Trịnh lords continued to control the government with the emperor as figurehead.
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the European alphabet, and built several churches. However, by 1630 the new Trịnh lord,
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The Tây Sơn army conquered the rest of the Nguyễn lands. The Nguyễn lords retreated to
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but lost the city in 1776; the Nguyễn lords were nearly wiped out. Tây Sơn's leader
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Both Trịnh and Nguyễn declared that the Lê dynasty was the legitimate government of
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2358:
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2346:
2337:
2154:, the eldest son of Trịnh Sâm, feared that power would fall to his younger brother
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1946:
1873:. After that, Trịnh Tùng searched for, captured, and murdered Emperor Lê Anh Tông.
1715:
1698:
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to resolve the contradictions inherent in their system of ruling without reigning.
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supported Trịnh Cối as the next Trịnh lord and co-operated with him to defeat
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Court dress of mandarins and ladies under Lê dynasty- Trịnh lords government.
610:'s daughter "Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bảo", led to political alliances in war against
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of China. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were happy to accept large numbers of
2108:
revolt in the south against Trương Phúc Loan, the regent of the Nguyễn lord
1775:
1709:
Pan Dinggui, a Chinese man shipwrecked in Vietnam in 1688, said in his book
760:
575:
in Japan. Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the
192:
3056:", but the Trịnh family had held a great amount of power since Trịnh Kiểm.
2011:
Silk painting of Trịnh Đình Kiên (1715–1786) in 18th century, exhibited in
17:
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In 1570, Trịnh Kiểm died and a power struggle erupted between his sons
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655:. After her death, he joined the army of the revived Lê dynasty led by
652:
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with Dương Trọng Tế, Đinh Tích Nhưỡng and Hoàng Phùng Cơ withdrew to
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1906:
1801:
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against their in law family in the south from 1627 to 1777 when lord
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by R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy. Harper & Row (New York).
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was founded as the temporary capital and it marked the beginning of
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2006:
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In 1620, after the enthronement of another figurehead Lê emperor (
1953:
1945:
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1654:
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3192:"THE TRINH RULING FAMILY IN VIETNAM IN THE 16TH – 18TH CENTURIES"
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1768:. However, Uông was secretly assassinated by his brother-in-law
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1865:. Trịnh Tùng found out about this conspiracy, forcing Emperor
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was recaptured and an imperial court moved back to there.
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Traditionally, Trịnh Tùng is considered to be the first "
1950:
Model of a naval battleship during the Trịnh era in XVII
579:
and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.
2274:
respectively. Chiêu Thống set Trịnh's palace on fire.
1593:
A view of Dong Kinh (Hanoi) from the Red River in 1685
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emperors only titular authority. The title of “Chúa” (
2282:
Call to punish Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, the Bằng commandery
1772:, who later took control of the imperial government.
2055:
ceased doing business with the Trịnh lords in 1700.
3313:
List of the Trịnh lords and the nominal Lê emperors
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3134:Knosp, Gaston (1902). "Das annamitische Theater".
2473:Minh Khang Nhân Trí Vũ Trinh Hùng Lược Thái vương
1958:the headquarter of Trịnh lords in Dong Kinh(Hanoi)
2194:After Hoàng Đình Bảo's death, his subordinate in
571:) in this context is comparable to the office of
1653:, but not until 1592, the imperial capital city
2090:Maps for the Pacification of the South in year
539:, were referred to by their subjects as title "
3100:A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tự Đức
1669:was defeated by alliance of Southern dynasty.
602:in 16th century and become in-law family when
3416:
1915:Trịnh–Nguyễn alliance against the Mạc dynasty
1804:. Lê Duy Bang took the throne with the title
1557:
8:
3298:Vietnam, Trials and Tribulations of a Nation
3102:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. p119ff.
2284:by Lê Huy Dao, one of Trịnh Bồng's followers
2262:. Trịnh Bồng heard the news and withdrew to
3356:by George Dutton (has a great bibliography)
3222:. Cambridge University Press. p. 351.
1885:Northern Vietnamese nobleman and wife from
61:The seal "Tĩnh Đô vương tỷ" (靖都王璽) of lord
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2289:officially ending over 200 of Trịnh rule.
1585:Army of the Trinh lords, late 18th century
1564:
1550:
672:
72:
29:
3271:Asia Society (1988). "The Trinh Lords".
2388:
2096:, drawn by Bùi Thế Đạt, the governor of
2072:supervisors and provincial governors by
3585:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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2104:The long peace came to an end with the
1875:
1810:
1617:. In 1533, the general and Lê royalist
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675:
553:) and controlled northern and Southern
2294:the Qing army was occupying Thăng Long
535:The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the
457:: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as
338:
328:
324:
297:
282:
267:
263:
253:
234:
219:
215:
204:
7:
3324:The Encyclopedia of Military History
2080:Tây Sơn Revolt and Southern Conquest
2013:Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
1286:Provisional Revolutionary Government
897:
1987:(between the Nhật Lệ River and the
1823:'s villa tea party and troop parade
2058:The Trịnh lords started employing
25:
3570:1787 disestablishments in Vietnam
3261:by W. Sheldon (1969), p. 26.
3167:Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
2570:Cung Hoà Khoan Chính Triết vương
3021:
2981:
2939:
2895:
2846:
2792:
2743:
2694:
2635:
2586:
2527:
2489:
2433:
2191:to appoint Kì as the successor.
2117:ended and the Trịnh army led by
1898:
1878:
1828:
1813:
1533:
1230:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
697:
423:
398:
384:
358:Copper-alloy and zinc cash coins
54:
3360:A glimpse of Vietnamese history
3190:Antoshchenko, Vladimir (2002).
2327:In 1620, French Jesuit scholar
2143:declared himself king in 1778.
1665:from 1533 last until 1677 when
1663:Northern and Southern dynasties
3565:1533 establishments in Vietnam
2221:
2179:
1995:concluded a peace treaty with
1240:Provisional Central Government
590:joined together in supporting
567:
549:
479:
1:
3342:World Statesmen.org – Vietnam
3332:– with short historical notes
3318:Encyclopedia of Asian History
3274:Encyclopedia of Asian History
1637:and enthroned him as emperor
1577:Government exiled to Lan Xang
3300:D. R. SarDesai, pg. 39, 1988
3071:List of Vietnamese dynasties
1645:, a territory of Kingdom of
1357:Cát Tiên archaeological site
647:The founder of the clan was
41:Trịnh Vương (鄭王) (1545-1787)
27:Noble feudal Vietnamese clan
3219:A History of the Vietnamese
1722:Trịnh military dictatorship
1597:After the death of emperor
1290:(Republic of South Vietnam)
618:as legitimate authority of
3606:
1966:), the new Nguyễn leader,
1939:
1731:Despite the fact that the
1673:Lê emperor as a figurehead
1020:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
666:
3438:
3389:
3378:Ruler of northern Vietnam
3376:
3368:
3199:Asian and African Studies
1905:Two women and a child in
582:Both founder of the clan
363:
349:
325:
313:
264:
250:
216:
78:Map of Vietnam circa 1650
71:
51:
46:
2147:End of the Trịnh Viceroy
2112:(1765–1777). Trịnh lord
2053:Dutch East India Company
953:Trung sisters' rebellion
594:to reclaim authority of
183:Vietnamese folk religion
2410:Highest attained title
2315:Trịnh foreign relations
1631:restored the Lê dynasty
1447:Principality of Hà Tiên
634:in late 18th century.
513:. The Trịnh lords were
3590:Military dictatorships
3580:Positions of authority
3362:– contains some errors
3336:Southeast Asia to 1875
3216:Taylor, K. W. (2013).
2378:
2324:
2285:
2212:
2170:
2101:
2016:
1959:
1951:
1853:. Simultaneously, the
1780:
1718:, not the Trịnh lord.
1677:In 1539 the armies of
1613:, and established the
1594:
1586:
1328:Non-Vietnamese history
1080:4th Chinese domination
983:3rd Chinese domination
963:2nd Chinese domination
943:1st Chinese domination
557:respectively, leaving
532:ruler of the dynasty.
470:
450:
341:• Disestablished
3114:Herr, Joshua (2017).
2390:List of Trịnh rulers
2369:
2322:
2280:
2087:
2010:
1957:
1949:
1928:ascension of emperor
1784:Usurpation conspiracy
1778:
1621:revolted against the
1592:
1584:
1276:(Republic of Vietnam)
1193:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1181:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1171:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1161:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
200:military dictatorship
157:Common languages
131:Lordship and de jure
2236:with the support of
1936:The Trịnh–Nguyễn War
1261:North–South division
1110:Later Lê Restoration
816:Phùng Nguyên culture
622:state, led a brutal
483:) also known as the
3532: /
3338:– by Sanderson Beck
2391:
2329:Alexandre de Rhodes
2062:extensively in the
1841:Legitimacy struggle
1727:Death of Nguyễn Kim
1651:restored Lê dynasty
1641:during in exile at
1486:Historical capitals
1407:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
754:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
733:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
509:) during the Later
331:• Established
3536:16.467°N 107.600°E
3352:2003-07-29 at the
3259:Tigers in the Rice
2389:
2325:
2286:
2260:Thanh Hoa Province
2102:
2017:
1968:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
1960:
1952:
1781:
1691:Thanh Hóa province
1595:
1587:
1540:Vietnam portal
1157:French Cochinchina
775:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
628:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
528:however they were
392:Revival Lê dynasty
3515:
3514:
3399:
3398:
3390:Succeeded by
3284:978-0-684-18619-1
3247:, Tập san Sử Địa,
3161:Anh Tuan, Hoang.
3050:
3049:
2213:Diệt Trịnh phù Lê
2110:Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
1909:around the 1700s.
1794:Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm
1788:In 1556, Emperor
1574:
1573:
1455:
1454:
1437:Sip Song Chau Tai
1318:
1317:
1291:
1277:
1231:
1207:
1206:
1199:Empire of Vietnam
1138:
1137:
991:
990:
924:
923:
893:Hồng Bàng dynasty
874:
873:
860:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
850:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
830:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
820:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
795:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
785:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
781:Quỳnh Văn culture
632:Tây Sơn rebellion
495:), were a feudal
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
411:
410:
309:
300:• 1786–1787
294:
285:• 1572–1623
279:
270:• 1545–1570
246:
237:• 1786–1788
231:
222:• 1533–1548
117: Kingdom of
16:(Redirected from
3597:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3382:Later Lê dynasty
3380:(along with the
3369:Preceded by
3366:
3347:Tay Sơn Web Site
3330:Coins of Vietnam
3301:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3111:
3105:
3098:Chapuis, Oscar.
3096:
3081:Trịnh–Nguyễn War
3025:
2985:
2955:acts as regent)
2943:
2899:
2850:
2796:
2747:
2698:
2639:
2590:
2531:
2493:
2437:
2392:
2264:Gia Lâm District
2255:Đinh Tích Nhưỡng
2224:
2223:
2199:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
2196:Nghệ An province
2182:
2181:
1989:Sông Hương River
1942:Trịnh–Nguyễn War
1902:
1882:
1832:
1817:
1767:
1749:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1333:
1332:
1289:
1275:
1250:State of Vietnam
1229:
1222:
1221:
1188:French Indochina
1153:
1152:
1090:Later Lê dynasty
1050:Later Lý dynasty
1040:Early Lê dynasty
1006:
1005:
973:Early Lý dynasty
939:
938:
899:
889:
888:
856:Sa Huỳnh culture
846:Dong Son culture
826:Đồng Đậu culture
714:
713:
701:
691:
673:
663:Lê–Mạc Civil War
600:Lê–Mạc civil war
577:Later Lê dynasty
570:
569:
552:
551:
501:Northern Vietnam
499:clan that ruled
482:
481:
427:
426:
415:
414:
402:
401:
388:
387:
381:
380:
365:
364:
307:
292:
277:
244:
229:
171:Neo-Confucianism
116:
106:
97:
83:
76:
58:
39:Chúa Trịnh (主鄭)
30:
21:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3550:
3549:
3541:16.467; 107.600
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3434:
3429:
3395:
3393:Tây Sơn dynasty
3386:
3379:
3374:
3354:Wayback Machine
3309:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3257:
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3113:
3112:
3108:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3066:Trịnh (surname)
3062:
2997:Đoan Nam vương
2950:
2500:
2461:Thái quốc công
2419:Posthumous name
2404:Ruling year(s)
2387:
2374:moral authority
2368:
2317:
2220:
2178:
2149:
2082:
2005:
1997:Nguyễn Phúc Tần
1944:
1938:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1883:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1786:
1761:
1743:
1741:Dương Chấp Nhất
1729:
1724:
1699:Ming delegation
1675:
1579:
1570:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1288:
1274:
1228:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1120:Tây Sơn dynasty
1003:
993:
992:
936:
926:
925:
886:
876:
875:
771:Bắc Sơn culture
711:
689:
682:
671:
665:
645:
640:
566:
548:
478:
424:
419:Tây Sơn dynasty
399:
385:
342:
332:
301:
286:
271:
238:
223:
123:
121:
114:
112:
104:
102:
95:
93:
81:
79:
67:
66:
59:
42:
40:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3308:
3307:External links
3305:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3283:
3263:
3251:
3238:
3229:978-1107244351
3228:
3208:
3182:
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3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:Điện Đô vương
2959:
2956:
2947:
2944:
2937:
2928:
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2915:
2909:
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2574:
2568:
2562:
2558:Bình An vương
2556:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2497:
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2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2367:
2364:
2316:
2313:
2309:Nguyễn dynasty
2258:Trịnh army in
2251:Hoàng Phùng Cơ
2238:Dương Trọng Tế
2163:Hoàng Đình Bảo
2148:
2145:
2119:Hoàng Ngũ Phúc
2081:
2078:
2004:
2001:
1940:Main article:
1937:
1934:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1887:Hải Môn harbor
1884:
1877:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1785:
1782:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1674:
1671:
1578:
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1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:Indochina Wars
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
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1478:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
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1442:
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1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:Jarai kingdoms
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1422:
1419:
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1316:
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1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:Subsidy period
1296:
1295:
1292:
1282:
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1162:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:Nguyễn dynasty
1126:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1086:
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1026:
1025:
1022:
1016:
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1012:
1004:
999:
998:
995:
994:
989:
988:
985:
979:
978:
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969:
968:
965:
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958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
937:
932:
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928:
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912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
895:
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882:
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878:
877:
872:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
836:Gò Mun culture
832:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
809:
797:
796:
793:
791:Đa Bút culture
787:
786:
783:
777:
776:
773:
767:
766:
764:
756:
755:
752:
746:
745:
743:
735:
734:
731:
729:Sơn Vi culture
725:
724:
722:
712:
707:
706:
703:
702:
694:
693:
684:
683:
676:
667:Main article:
664:
661:
644:
641:
639:
636:
485:House of Trịnh
437:
436:
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432:
429:
428:
421:
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242:Lê Chiêu Thống
239:
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190:
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38:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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3057:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3039:Yến Đô vương
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2507:Tuấn Đức hầu
2506:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2298:Huệ Địch công
2295:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:Lê Trung Tông
1783:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1695:Lê Trang Tông
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:Lê Trang Tông
1636:
1635:Lê Chiêu Tông
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Lê Cung Hoàng
1608:
1607:Mạc Đăng Dung
1604:
1600:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:South Vietnam
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1226:North Vietnam
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:French Tonkin
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
996:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
971:
970:
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
935:
930:
929:
920:204 BC–111 BC
919:
917:
916:Triệu dynasty
914:
913:
910:257 BC–179 BC
909:
907:
904:
903:
896:
894:
891:
890:
885:
880:
879:
869:
867:
866:Óc Eo culture
864:
863:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
810:
808:
807:
803:
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
782:
779:
778:
774:
772:
769:
768:
765:
763:
762:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
742:
741:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
721:
720:
716:
715:
710:
705:
704:
700:
696:
695:
692:
685:
680:
674:
670:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
564:
560:
556:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
507:
503:(then called
502:
498:
494:
493:Trịnh thị; 鄭氏
490:
486:
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
422:
420:
417:
416:
413:
407:
404:
397:
396:
393:
390:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
334:
320:
316:
312:
306:
303:
291:
288:
276:
273:
259:
257:
249:
243:
240:
228:
227:Lê Trang Tông
225:
211:
208:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
120:
111:as rump state
110:
101:
91:
87:
75:
70:
64:
57:
50:
45:
31:
19:
3517:
3449:
3442:
3431:
3377:
3323:
3317:
3297:
3293:
3277:. Scribner.
3273:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3218:
3211:
3202:
3198:
3185:
3175:
3166:
3156:
3142:(1): 11–15.
3139:
3135:
3129:
3116:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3076:Nguyễn lords
3053:
3051:
3040:
3016:
3006:
2998:
2976:
2962:
2953:Đặng Thị Huệ
2934:
2924:
2923:Thịnh vương
2918:
2912:
2890:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2841:
2831:
2830:Thuận vương
2825:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2787:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2738:
2728:
2727:Khang vương
2722:
2716:
2708:
2689:
2679:
2678:Dương vương
2673:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2630:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2607:Thanh vương
2602:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2522:
2508:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2428:
2381:took power.
2379:
2370:
2355:Qing dynasty
2347:Ming dynasty
2338:Christianity
2326:
2307:founded the
2302:
2297:
2292:Later, when
2291:
2287:
2281:
2231:
2227:
2193:
2189:Lê Hiển Tông
2171:Tam phủ quân
2160:
2150:
2134:
2128:(modern-day
2123:
2103:
2089:
2057:
2050:
2022:Khmer Empire
2018:
1976:
1964:Lê Thần Tông
1961:
1930:Lê Kính Tông
1925:Nguyễn Hoàng
1918:
1844:
1787:
1756:
1752:
1730:
1711:Annan Ji You
1710:
1708:
1685:returned to
1676:
1599:Lê Hiến Tông
1596:
1397:Dali Kingdom
1387:Khmer Empire
1314:1986–present
1259:
1186:
1167:French Annam
1060:Trần dynasty
1030:Đinh dynasty
947:111 BC–40 AD
906:Thục dynasty
840:1,000–800 BC
800:
759:
738:
717:
646:
598:'s crown in
581:
540:
534:
529:
518:subordinates
514:
504:
492:
488:
484:
458:
442:
440:
374:Succeeded by
373:
368:
89:
3560:Trịnh lords
3539: /
3487:Trịnh Doanh
3482:Trịnh Giang
3477:Trịnh Cương
3462:Trịnh Tráng
3432:Trịnh lords
3372:Mạc dynasty
3035:Chiêu Thống
3005:Linh vương
2911:Tĩnh vương
2867:Minh vương
2839:Trịnh Doanh
2785:Trịnh Giang
2776:Nhân vương
2736:Trịnh Cương
2715:Định vương
2619:Nghị vương
2579:Trịnh Tráng
2501:(6 months)
2475:明康仁智武貞雄畧太王
2414:Temple name
2407:Emperor(s)
2385:Trịnh lords
2334:Trịnh Tráng
2247:Trịnh Giang
2141:Nguyễn Nhạc
2074:Trịnh Cương
2046:Trịnh Doanh
2042:Trịnh Giang
2038:Trịnh Cương
1972:Trịnh Tráng
1871:Lê Thế Tông
1867:Lê Anh Tông
1859:Lê Anh Tông
1855:Mạc dynasty
1806:Lê Anh Tông
1798:Lê Duy Bang
1762: [
1759:Nguyễn Uông
1744: [
1733:Mạc dynasty
1689:, captured
1667:Mạc dynasty
1623:Mạc dynasty
1615:Mạc dynasty
1491:Immigration
1471:Agriculture
1100:Mạc dynasty
1010:Ngô dynasty
719:Paleolithic
709:Prehistoric
688:History of
612:Mạc dynasty
537:Nguyễn clan
471:Trịnh vương
443:Trịnh lords
406:Mạc dynasty
369:Preceded by
198:hereditary
36:(1545-1787)
34:Trịnh lords
18:Trinh Lords
3554:Categories
3507:Trịnh Bồng
3502:Trịnh Khải
3457:Trịnh Tùng
3444:Trịnh Kiểm
3387:1545–1787
3249:1971–1972.
3087:References
3031:1786–1787
3028:1749–1791
3014:Trịnh Bồng
2994:Hiển Tông
2991:1782–1786
2988:1763–1786
2974:Trịnh Tông
2958:Hiển Tông
2951:(1 month,
2946:1777–1782
2908:Hiển Tông
2905:1767–1782
2902:1739–1782
2856:1740–1767
2853:1720–1767
2808:Thuần Tông
2802:1729–1740
2799:1711–1762
2753:1709–1729
2750:1686–1729
2704:1682–1709
2701:1633–1709
2666:Tây vương
2651:Huyền Tông
2648:Thần Tông
2645:1657–1682
2642:1606–1682
2603:Thần Tông
2596:1623–1657
2593:1577–1657
2537:1570–1623
2534:1550–1623
2520:Trịnh Tùng
2451:Trung Tông
2447:Trang Tông
2443:1545–1570
2440:1503–1570
2426:Trịnh Kiểm
2366:Assessment
2243:Trịnh Bồng
2209:Vietnamese
2204:Nguyễn Huệ
2167:Vietnamese
2152:Trịnh Tông
2121:attacked.
2064:Đàng Ngoài
1893:) in 1595.
1891:Đàng Ngoài
1863:Trịnh Tùng
1851:Trịnh Tùng
1821:Trịnh lord
1802:Lê Thái Tổ
1770:Trịnh Kiểm
1737:Lê dynasty
1683:Trịnh Kiểm
1679:Nguyễn Kim
1619:Nguyễn Kim
1603:Lê dynasty
1070:Hồ dynasty
870:(1–630 AD)
750:Hoabinhian
740:Mesolithic
669:Lê–Mạc War
657:Nguyễn Kim
649:Trịnh Kiểm
638:Background
616:Lê dynasty
608:Nguyễn Kim
604:Trịnh Kiểm
592:Lê dynasty
588:Trịnh Kiểm
584:Nguyễn Kim
543:" (Lord) (
526:Lê dynasty
511:Lê dynasty
489:Trịnh clan
467:Vietnamese
463:” of Trịnh
451:Chúa Trịnh
447:Vietnamese
305:Trịnh Bồng
290:Trịnh Tùng
275:Trịnh Kiểm
209:(Hoàng đế)
189:Government
161:Vietnamese
137:Lê dynasty
92:'s control
86:Lê dynasty
3497:Trịnh Cán
3492:Trịnh Sâm
3472:Trịnh Căn
3467:Trịnh Tạc
3451:Trịnh Cối
3148:0935-0535
2932:Trịnh Cán
2917:Thánh Tổ
2888:Trịnh Sâm
2879:Ân vương
2862:Hiển Tông
2818:Uy vương
2805:Duệ Tông
2764:An vương
2721:Chiêu Tổ
2687:Trịnh Căn
2672:Hoằng Tổ
2628:Trịnh Tạc
2600:Chân Tông
2564:Thành Tổ
2553:Thần Tông
2548:Kính Tông
2540:Anh Tông
2504:Anh Tông
2482:Trịnh Cối
2401:Lifespan
2268:Hải Dương
2245:, son of
2185:Lê Duy Kì
2156:Trịnh Cán
2114:Trịnh Sâm
2088:A map in
2069:Thanh Hóa
2034:Trịnh Căn
1993:Trịnh Tạc
1847:Trịnh Cối
1754:dynasty.
1655:Đông Kinh
1627:Thanh Hóa
1601:in 1504,
1476:Dynasties
1451:1707–1832
1441:1600–1954
1431:1100–1904
1421:1061–1432
1417:Ngưu Hống
1411:1042–1052
1304:1975–1986
1294:1969–1976
1280:1955–1975
1266:1954–1976
1254:1949–1955
1244:1948–1949
1234:1945–1976
1134:1802–1945
1124:1778–1802
1114:1533–1789
1104:1527–1592
1094:1428–1527
1084:1407–1427
1074:1400–1407
1064:1225–1400
1054:1009–1225
934:Dominated
806:Iron Ages
761:Neolithic
624:civil war
293:(as king)
256:Duke/King
167:Religion
151:Đông Kinh
63:Trịnh Sâm
47:1545–1787
3527:107°36′E
3350:Archived
3060:See also
2873:Nghị Tổ
2759:Duệ Tông
2756:Dụ Tông
2707:Hy Tông
2656:Gia Tông
2543:Thế Tông
2456:Anh Tông
2305:Gia Long
2234:Trịnh Lệ
2126:Phú Xuân
2092:Giáp Ngọ
1921:Đại Việt
1704:Đại Việt
1687:Đại Việt
1647:Lan Xang
1643:Xam Neua
1501:Monarchs
1496:Military
1464:By topic
1401:937–1253
1391:802–1431
1351:192–1832
1217:Republic
1148:Colonial
1044:980–1009
1001:Dynastic
679:a series
677:Part of
620:Đại Việt
606:married
596:Đại Việt
559:Later Lê
555:Đại Việt
530:de facto
497:nobility
473: ;
354:Currency
196:dynastic
175:Buddhism
141:Đại Việt
3524:16°28′N
3235:Alt URL
2859:Ý Tông
2710:Dụ Tông
2661:Hy Tông
2613:Văn Tổ
2572:恭和寬正哲王
2496:?-1584
2467:Thế Tổ
2272:Sơn Tây
2217:chữ Hán
2175:chữ Hán
2106:Tây Sơn
2098:Nghệ An
2060:eunuchs
1980:cannons
1481:Economy
1381:738–902
1377:Nanzhao
1371:550–781
1361:300–800
1310:Đổi Mới
1034:968–980
1024:965–968
1014:939–965
987:602–938
977:544–602
900:–258 BC
898:2879 BC
884:Ancient
690:Vietnam
653:maggots
563:chữ Hán
545:chữ Hán
524:of the
515:de jure
487:or the
475:chữ Hán
461:Viceroy
455:Chữ Hán
318:History
278:(first)
230:(first)
207:Emperor
147:Capital
135:within
3281:
3226:
3146:
3136:Globus
2824:Dụ Tổ
2813:Ý Tông
2770:Hi Tổ
2398:Image
2351:Manchu
2303:After
2137:Saigon
2094:(1774)
1907:Tonkin
1659:Tây Đô
1367:Chenla
1347:Champa
1341:68–627
967:43–544
802:Bronze
681:on the
643:Origin
573:Shogun
506:Tonkin
321:
308:(last)
260:
245:(last)
212:
193:Feudal
179:Taoism
128:Status
119:Champa
115:
107:
105:
100:Nguyễn
98:
96:
88:under
84:
82:
3575:Lords
3195:(PDF)
3180:2013.
3121:(PDF)
2395:Name
2353:-led
2343:Hanoi
2003:Peace
1766:]
1748:]
1516:Women
1511:Naval
1506:Names
1337:Funan
957:40–43
90:Trịnh
3279:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3144:ISSN
3054:lord
3041:晏都王
2999:端南王
2963:奠都王
2949:1782
2560:平安王
2509:俊德侯
2499:1570
2463:太國公
2359:Ming
2349:and
2270:and
2253:and
2222:滅鄭扶黎
2051:The
2036:and
2030:Laos
2026:Siam
2024:and
1849:and
1716:Qing
1714:the
1681:and
1629:and
1203:1945
804:and
586:and
541:Chúa
522:fief
520:and
441:The
345:1787
335:1545
133:fief
3017:鄭槰
3007:靈王
2977:鄭棕
2935:鄭檊
2925:盛王
2919:聖祖
2913:靖王
2891:鄭森
2881:恩王
2875:毅祖
2869:明王
2842:鄭楹
2832:順王
2826:裕祖
2820:威王
2788:鄭杠
2778:仁王
2772:禧祖
2766:安王
2739:鄭棡
2729:康王
2723:昭祖
2717:定王
2690:鄭根
2680:陽王
2674:弘祖
2668:西王
2631:鄭柞
2621:誼王
2615:文祖
2609:清王
2582:鄭梉
2566:成祖
2523:鄭松
2485:鄭檜
2469:世祖
2429:鄭檢
2180:三府軍
2130:Huế
1985:Huế
1625:in
139:of
109:Mạc
3556::
3384:)
3203:11
3201:.
3197:.
3165:.
3140:82
3138:.
2219::
2215:,
2211::
2177::
2173:,
2169::
2076:.
1923:.
1764:vi
1746:vi
565::
547::
480:鄭王
477::
469::
453:;
449::
181:,
177:,
173:,
3424:e
3417:t
3410:v
3287:.
3232:.
3169:.
3150:.
2207:(
2100:.
2015:.
1889:(
1565:e
1558:t
1551:v
568:主
550:主
491:(
465:(
459:“
445:(
122:.
65:.
20:)
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