299:
502:
1447:). If the second player wins a hole before the first reaches the twelfth hole, the first is no longer able to win a grand lurch. However, the second player can now do so. To indicate this, the second player replaces his or her peg with the flag and continues to use it instead of the peg. If the second player reaches 12 holes before the first scores a hole again, the second player wins a grand lurch. But if the first prevents the 12-hole run by scoring a hole, the flag is removed and laid down next to the board to indicates that neither player can win a grand lurch in that round.
2803:
1829:
895:: one of the players threw the dice from the cup against the opposing player's rail, calling "coup et dés". The player nearer the higher die went first, moving his men based on that first die roll. If a doublet was rolled or the two dice were the same distance from a player's rail, the dice were re-rolled in similar fashion. Thus player with the lead could never start with a doublet. However, the first move only required one dice throw.
2884:): if, following a declaration of "false school", the first player proves that there was indeed a valid school, that player scores a school raise, by restoring the jetons to the state of the first school and doubling the school points won. To avoid an escalation, the player applying the school increase is required to explain why there was a school and, if wrong, that player would submit to the rule of the false school one last time.
1177:, to have more chances of taking your rest corner, it is worth having one or two builders (extra men) on points 5 and 6 while the opponent's corner is still empty, but when the opponent has taken it, it is better not to have too many on point 6. Under these conditions, these builders enable a die throw of "six" to be used. These advantageous positions for taking the rest corner led players to call points 5 and 6 'bourgeois corner'.
1037:
38:
2862:) occurs when a player does not preserve a full quarter when able. The school is claimed as soon as the offender touches a man that breaks up the quarter. The opponent claims the points scored by the offending player and scores the points for preservation instead of the player. The offender has also made a false hit and if the opponent forces the offender to keep his quarter full, this does not affect the school penalty.
2626:
1029:
1224:
404:
1266:) by moving her peg one hole further and replacing her jeton back at the start between the talons. In this example, Michelle announces what has just been scored: "1 (or 2) holes and none left over", but if instead of scoring 2 points she had scored 4 she would have marked her hole(s) and moved her jeton to the tip of point 1 by announcing "1 (or 2) holes and 2 points over".
4274:
1689:
it is only possible to fill in one or two ways: with one man using one die or with one man using both dice. A player able to fill a quarter in more than one way has the choice. In the event that there is not one half point left to cover but two, it is only possible to fill in one way, only the last of the two men played actually filling the quarter.
2877:): when a player is in error in sending his opponent to school, the opponent goes to school instead. This is called a false school. The opponent then sends to the school the one who made the false school claim by deducting the points improperly scored replacing his own jeton in the original place and then adding the points for the false school.
2855:) occurs when a player does not fill a quarter when able. The school is claimed as soon as the offending player touches one of his positioned men in such a way that the quarter cannot be filled on that go. The offender has also made a false hit and if the opponent forces the offender to fill, this does not affect the school penalty.
2722:â If two men were wrongly played together, the opponent can leave them where they are or rectify the position of one or both men, by moving them by the minimum amount allowable by the values of the dice. The opponent can also return the two men to their initial position and have only one played for the sum of the two dice.
1201:). Each time a player scores one or more holes, the corresponding peg is moved along the side rail of the board. The first hole is marked at the base of the talon, the twelfth at the base of the rest corner. When the peg of either player reaches the twelfth hole, the match is over and that player wins.
1817:
Hitting the opposite corner earns the player 4 points on a singleton throw and 6 points for a doublet. These points are gained by force, the opponent's corner can never actually be occupied. The opponent's corner is never falsely hit, so if both corners are occupied, neither player is able to hit the
1717:
When one of a player's dice would enable a move onto a point occupied by the opponent with just one man, that man is said to be "hit". A man is hit directly if the distance to the opposing man equals the number of pips on one die, or indirectly if the distance equals the sum of the pips on both dice.
482:
As for the name of this game, many claim that it comes from the noise that is made by rolling the dice and shuffling the men, because that noise makes a sound that seems to repeat "tric trac" or "tic tac" over and over again. But I would prefer, as a person who knew the game to perfection, to give it
464:
The game of trictrac, as I estimate to be probable, comes from the noise which is made without exception in the exercise of the game, to the movement and placement of the men, which in their movements make a continual sound, which seems to be whispering "tric" and "trac", or as some call it "tic" and
1964:
If on the last move there is only one man left to go out and the amount of one die is sufficient, it does not affect the scoring and the second die is ignored. Once the points have been scored, the two players replace the men on the opposite talons. They therefore change the colour of their men with
1813:
Subject to these preconditions if, on a dice roll a player can 'virtually' move two men to the opponent's rest corner, the corner is hit. All the men able to move directly into the opponent's rest corner are eligible to participate in the hitting, except those occupying the player's rest corner. For
1741:
A man can suffer a true hit in up to three ways on a singleton throw, once or twice directly and once indirectly, and in either one or two ways on a doublet throw, once directly and once indirectly. It can never be falsely hit except in one way. For each way the opponent's man can be hit, the player
1688:
On a singleton roll of the dice, when a player has only half a point to cover to fill the quarter, there may be three different ways of doing so: with only one man, with either of two men from two different points, or with one man played "all on one" using the sum of the two dice. On a doublet roll,
1261:
For example, Michelle has 6 points, her jeton is by the tip of point 5 on the side nearest the bridge (i.e. centre bar). If she scores 4 more points she moves her jeton to the tip of point 11 on the side by the end rail, indicating that she now has 10 points. If she now wins 2 more points, she will
283:
I will say nothing about the antiquity of this game and I will not go into deciding whether it was the French or the
Germans who invented it. I know that there were people who gave this glory to the Germans and that several others attributed it to the French. But I believe that if we judge by what
1305:
as it is obvious that the points have been scored without the other player getting off the mark. If, however, the first player does not reach 12 points, the second player may, in turn, be able to make a run of 12 and thus score two holes. In this case the first player's jeton will not be at the
394:
to trictrac. He also writes that the former was not played by the French. It appears to have been played mainly in
England where two authors give rules for it in the middle of the 17th century. Despite the obvious family link between the two games, no source confirms that tic-tac is either the
1797:
quarter, often makes it the preferred point for beginners despite the risks involved, which has led the players to christen it the "schoolchildren's point". Circumstances, in particular when the opponent is the only one to have taken his rest corner, can make the occupation of the point no. 10
313:
We do not know exactly to when this particular version of trictrac dates, properly speaking, or when it was introduced in France. It is only a result of reading of our literature that it can be deduced that it is not three centuries since it was brought to us, and it was as commonly played one
264:
There are minds who, to appear learned, like to date the antiquity of things to a thousand years before they were found, but this is only a very useless vanity, not to say inept. As for the antiquity of the game of trictrac, I am unable to say, I admit my ignorance, and am not afraid of being
2829:) is any error in scoring points on one's own turn. The player at fault loses points corresponding to the difference between those actually scored and those that should have been scored. The opponent "sends him to school" without being required to give the reason. There are four basic cases:
178:
Trictrac's gaming interest lies in its multiple combinations, the importance of decision-making and its comprehensive rules which have been well documented and remained stable since the early 17th century. It requires constant attention from the players whether or not it is their turn. Its
2708:
The rule "piece released, piece played" prohibits the player from changing the situation once the man has been let go of. All false hits must be corrected by the opponent in accordance with the rules of movement. The opponent is only master of those men that contributed to the wrong move.
3707:, because the Marquis de Travanais, who was good at trictrac, was the first to take it into his head, in spite of the old prejudice, to prefer it in many cases, and it earnt him a lot of money." This was the Marquis de Travanet, industrial speculator, especially known for having bought
358:
However, these expressions were very common at that time (the first two refer to a deceived husband, the last a prostitute), so the reference to trictrac is not certain. In addition, in 1907 a book was published bringing together in particular group games still played in the
Normandy
3507:
Soumille (1738) uses a notation in capital letters, the 24 boxes corresponding to the 24 letters of the then alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, LM, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, Z and & , where "A" is assigned to the talon at the top of the diagram and "&" to the bottom
911:
In turn, each player announces the pips on the dice rolled, then the points scored and finally moves the men. Once a man is touched, the player may not change the announced points and the opponent can 'send him to school' (i.e. award him or her a penalty) for any errors made.
2749:
If a player has not filled a quarter when able, his opponent has the choice of leaving things as they are or forcing the player to fill it. The false hit is counted the instant a man is touched and the quarter can no longer be filled. In addition, the offender is 'sent to
2753:
If a player did not preserve quarter when able, the opponent can leave things as they are or let the offender replay as desired without breaking the quarter. The false hit is counted the instant the breaking man is touched. In addition, the offending player is sent to
915:
As soon as the men have been moved and before the next turn, the opponent must also score any points due from the current turn. If the opponent miscounts and rolls the dice for the next turn, the first player can send the opponent to school. A dice roll is a 'doublet'
806:
The men travel a circuit, first along the player's side of the board from the talon to the rest corner, then along the opponent's, or adverse, side from the adverse rest corner to the adverse talon, before being borne off the board. Each half of the route has a name:
265:
criticised, well I know that it will be more productive nowadays researching the titles and movements of the true nobility, than those of the antiquity of this game, which old or new, French or foreign must be regarded as the most excellent of all the social games.
1367:): the player places the three jetons by the talon rail, thus giving up his remaining points, and returning all men to the talon, the opponent doing likewise. The opponent cannot score any points gained on that go. The decision may be announced with "I'm going" (
2774:â If neither player has seen the false hit in the third quarter and the opponent only realises it after having thrown the dice, the offender may be forced to play the offending man on the next turn into the last quarter. But once this next move is over, or the
378:
or tick-tack is a game very close to trictrac, using some of its characteristic situations and features. The movement rules for the men are less restrictive, and points are not scored. As soon as a player achieves a winning game situation that player wins the
755:
2600:
An enfilade is a significant run of successful holes in succession in a single game, typically about five to six holes in a row. It is the most sought after achievement in the game. It is the source of the French expression, now vulgar, 'to be enfiladed'
1640:
2789:
If a player has placed a single man in either empty rest corner, the opponent cannot leave it as it is and must have it replayed legally. If this is not possible the opponent simply puts it back in its original place and lets the player move another
549:
Nothing certain about the etymology of the word trictrac has been found so far. The most learned scholars of the 17th century are of the opinion that this word was formed by onomatopoeia, from the noise made by dice and mans; this was the opinion of
822:): the movement of men along the adverse side of the board from the adverse rest corner to the adverse talon. As soon as a player moves a man onto the opponent's half of the board, that man is on the return run and is said to be 'heading for home' (
2017:
Feat: This rude expression, meaning a woman of low virtue, was attributed to an opponentâs way of scoring points. When, on his roll of the dice, a player had a man on an empty point between two isolated men, half-points, of the opponent, it was a
1504:
This method is more attractive because it gives the trailing player a chance to reduce the opponent's winnings up to the end. Nowadays, the stake is 1 point and a player's winnings are counted as a number of points depending on the method chosen.
2848:) occurs when a player scores more points than earned. The school is claimed as soon as the offending player has placed his man beyond the point it should have been moved to. The opponent sends the offender to school and scores the excess points.
1684:
The remaining quarter cannot be filled because a player may not occupy the opponent's rest corner. Filling a quarter is referred to as "making" it. A player must fill a quarter if able; failure to do so incurs 'school' and 'false hit' penalties.
2730:â If it is the first man and the second has not yet been touched, the two dice are considered played and the opponent can prohibit the movement of a second man leaving the first as it is or by correcting its position for the sum of the two dice;
1778:
A false hit earns the same points for the opponent as per the table above. The points gained by the player who rolled the dice are scored before any false hits are scored by the opponent, so that if the player who made the true hit wins a
2784:â If a player has touched a man that ends up in his empty rest corner or that of the opponent, the latter may force the player to move this man to the return run if that is possible or else let the player rethrow and replay as desired.
2744:â If that is not possible, the opponent must return the two men to their original places and let the offender move as desired. However, the player is not allowed to take the rest corner on this go unless no other solution is possible.
631:
1056:â An inclined die resting on a man or a board rail is good if accepted by both players. Otherwise, the player who views it as good must place a third die on top and if this 'witness die' does not slide off the tested die is good;
246:, only minor changes having been made. One author noted this as early as 1818: "It is common knowledge that it has been played as it is now being played for 150 years, without its rules having undergone significant variations."
199:
658:= "arrows") and three more holes in each end rail of the board. The players' side rails each have twelve holes, the end rails only three. The centre bar of the board between the left and right halves is known as the 'bridge' (
278:
The anonymous author of the second book on trictrac, published by
Charpentier (1698, 1701, 1715) cites two possible countries, France and Germany (in fact, Vienna in Austria) as its origin and comes down in favour of France:
1004:
The overriding rule is that the pips of both dice must be used to move men when possible. If that is not possible, the higher one must be used if possible, otherwise the lower one. If neither can be used, a player misses a
363:, including the one entitled "Petit jean, Gros Jean, et Margot la fendue" which was played with three counters of wood, one small, one longer and another fork-shaped, and which could well correspond to the one quoted in
1230:, Soumille, Hansy, 1766, p. 14. Figure showing the location of the jetons according to the points scored. 10 points are actually scored against the board. "Black" has 0 holes and 4 points, and "White" has yet to score.
1968:
The provincial method consisted in playing all that was playable on the board and only the men furthest from the talon were allowed to be borne off if the dice permitted. An exception was that a player who had made a
1156:), by being able to move two men directly to the unoccupied rest corner of the opponent. In the same turn, the player moves the two men to the opponent's rest corner and then immediately to his or her own rest corner.
601:
In conclusion, there is nothing to support either thesis. While the one on Greek origin appears complex, that of onomatopoeia, although attractive, appears equally uncertain. However, another old meaning of the word
1113:
To place more than two men on a rest corner, the player whose corner it is must first take it with two men simultaneously. The rest corner may then receive extra men â one by one or two by two â during subsequent
1721:
In trictrac, a hit man remains in place and the one that hit cannot join it because the movement rules don't allow it. Hitting an opponent's man is therefore always done 'by force'. A man can be hit in two ways:
1076:
If a player rolls before the opponent has finished moving men, the dice are good and the opponent may finish moving without being penalized for a false hit, since the first player has already started the next
3658:
Jollivet (1656), p. 32, and _ (1715), p. 117. In these two references there is no flag, but instead a pierced jeton or a simple piece of paper is associated with the peg of the second player to mark the
2954:
This hole, as well as that on the other end rail, was used to place a candle holder furnished with a spike for playing in the evening or at night. The flag was in this case placed next to the board.
2617:
leaving gaps for the opposing extra men. To avoid being enfiladed, it is important to plan for it and sacrifice several holes to get the opponent to "go" and not lose the "turn" on the enfilade.
1215:
Keeping track of the points scored is done on the board itself using three jetons, initially placed between the two talons against the end rail. This initial position corresponds to zero points.
1093:) when it is severely tilted. This was not always the case: there was one rule for a broken die, and another for a cocked (tilted) die. The dice could break due because they were mostly made of
298:
1661:
The board is made up of four quarters each of six points. A 'filling' jan is made when a player has at least two men on each of the six points in any one of the following three quarters:
988:
For each die a man may be moved by the number of points equal to the number of pips on the die. In order for a move to be possible, the end point must not be blocked by an opponent's man.
746:) goes in the hole in the middle, between the two pegs. The three holes in the opposite end rail are not used. The three jetons are lined up against the end rail between the two talons.
3804:
Note: On the title page of the Jean Promé edition, it states "de
Jollivet", but on the following page, "Le libraire au reader", only "Monsieur Jollyvet" followed by "Sieur de Votilley".
2705:
Due to the "piece touched, piece played" rule, it is not always necessary for a man to have actually been moved for a false hit to occur. One just has to work out where it can end up.
3579:
Jollivet (1656), p. 31: "In this game it is an absolutely inviolable maxim, and which should be one of the first, that a man touched is a man played, unless we say this word, "I dub".
2719:â If a man is placed on a point that does not correspond to any of the moves allowed by the dice, the opponent may leave the man where it is, or move it to where it should have gone;
1922:
A player who has moved all men to the last quarter, may 'bear off' i.e. take them off the board. However, the rules of filling and its preservation must be respected concerning the
1554:
Feat: awarded if, having only moved two men out of the talon, the dice roll allows one man to be moved to the player's rest corner and the other to the opponent's empty rest corner.
3229:
in original version and modern translation. The latter errs in substituting "and all his jans" for "and all his people", thus removing the saucy connotation of the original phrase.
738:
on their talon on their own side of the board. The player whose talon is to the right moves the men clockwise; the other player moves them anticlockwise. Each player places a peg (
2866:
For greater clarity in the game, it is best to wait before scoring the school until the offending player has either touched one of his men or rolled the dice, as the case may be.
770:
The twelve points in front of each player are conventionally numbered: T, and then 1 to 11. Other schemes have been devised to try and make it easier to describe game situations.
1914:). The overriding rule that calls for playing both dice and, if only one can be played, playing the higher must always be observed even if it means breaking up a filled quarter.
1455:
The game was usually played for money and winning a round was valued at a multiple of the stake agreed between the players. The multiplier depended on the scoring scheme chosen:
1965:
each game. If no hole was immediately won, the points acquired are retained by both players. The privilege of starting the next game goes to the one who bore his men off first.
3694:(c. 1780), under the section "Trictrac with Honours" with the difference that it is enough that the adversary does not reach the seventh hole instead of the sixth as in Guiton.
1742:
earns the relevant points (see below). A man that suffers a true hit cannot suffer a false hit and vice versa, but in the same throw there can be a true hit and a false hit.
1699:) if at all possible during the turns that follow, under pain of school and false hit penalties. When a player can no longer preserve a full quarter, the player 'breaks it' (
1995:
Feat: it could only occur on the very first move of the round made by the second player. If the latter obtained the same result of the dice as the first player, there was a
3517:
Lepeintre (1818) takes up
Soumille's idea with lowercase letters: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, x and y, where "a" identifies the lower
2561:) begins when one of the players moves at least one of his men to the opponent's side. The movement of the men is restricted by the rules of the passage on the return run:
898:
Simultaneous roll: each player threw a die or both dice, in turn, and the one with the highest pip count had the lead and re-rolled the two dice for the first move of the
924:) if they are different. Singletons are announced highest number first: e.g. "6 and 4" or "3 and A" (the 1 is always said to be Ace). The doublets have individual names:
3258:
2888:
Schools should always benefit the one who did not commit them without being able to abuse them. With this in mind, three rules are applicable when dealing with schools:
3738:
All the 18th century treatises follow
Jollivet (1656), p. 19, in this scoring. Yet on p. 29 of Jollivet, only 2 points (singleton) and 4 points (doublet) are mentioned.
3830:
284:
seems to us daily, we will easily decide in favour of the French, and that we will agree that we play this fine game better at the court of France than that of Vienna.
2613:
while having three extra men far enough back to preserve it as long as possible and to score false hits, and at the same time the opponent can no longer make his own
2591:, the player may place his men on any free point of the 'return run' with the exception of the rest corner which can only be used, if empty, as an intermediate point.
1594:
Feat: awarded when, having released only two men from the talon which occupy his resting corner while that of the opponent is empty, the player rolls one or two aces.
1269:
The choice of the positions of the eighth and tenth points is justified by the need to leave enough room on the board to throw the dice without hitting the jetons.
3914:
501:
2733:â If two men have been played, one legally, the opponent may leave the other as it is or rectify the incorrectly played one based on the value of the second die.
1279:
When a player starts from the talon and scores 12 points without the opponent scoring any, it is a 'lurch' and that player advances two holes. The lurch jeton â
1080:
If a player rolls the dice and they touch the opponent's hand after the opponent has finished moving men, the player may adjudge the move good or bad as desired.
220:
before almost disappearing at the end of the 19th century. It was one of a family of games of skill and chance that included backgammon, then known in France as
2902:
School points must be scored in their entirety, a player who has been sent to school can force his opponent to do so if the opponent has made a mistake as well.
545:
Guiton (1816 and 1822) does not address the subject, while
Lepeintre (1818) initially distances himself from the name being an onomatopoeia before adopting it:
346:, the preface of which is dated 1557, notably takes up, sometimes playing on words, a large number of expressions of children's games, practised at the time in
3602:
616:
2036:
Feat: a player who stacks 15 men on his or her rest corner due to an opponent's blocking the return run, this was a 'pile of misery' or 'pile of misfortune' (
3720:
This slow method was intended to give the adversary chances to catch up and was described by
Soumille in 1738, but abandoned in his second edition of 1756.
216:
Trictrac was very popular in France at the royal court and in aristocratic circles in the 17th and 18th centuries. It experienced a renaissance during the
1999:. This was justified by a concern for fairness by trying to restore the odds between the player who had obtained the lead by chance and his opponent. The
584:
Many people think that trictrac gets its name from the noise made by dice, men and cones; others say that this name comes from two Greek words which mean
1012:). Dubbing is used in trictrac to arrange men and can only be used to correct a misaligned man or move one slightly to see the colour of the point below.
2741:â The opponent can return a man to its original place and have the other moved for the sum of the two dice, subject to the rules around the return run;
1540:
Move: to score the player does not actually have to move the last two men to line them up with the first four. This jan can thus be scored 'by force' (
998:
A doublet is not played twice (as it is in backgammon). With a doublet, it is only possible to move a maximum of two men, each by the value of one die.
734:
The allocation of the men and seating may be by mutual agreement or drawing lots. Once those are decided, the players place their men in three or four
1097:
and were thrown quite violently against the opposite rail of the board. If a die broke in two and only one man showed its points, the throw was good.
309:
Lepeintre (1818), without providing a source, advances the proposition that trictrac was introduced into France at the beginning of the 16th century:
2794:
The strict rules governing false hits are due to the fact that points scored by the dice roll affect the opponent as well as the player who rolled.
1793:
and being able to hit the opponent's men. Its situation close to the return run, giving more possibilities to 'truly hit' the opponent's men in the
3332:(1787â1788): "We wrote Trictrac or Trique-trac; now we only write the former; they are pronounced the same, the e of the second being very silent".
1706:
If there is no choice but to preserve the quarter or keep it full it, the player scores 4 points for a singleton throw and 6 points for a doublet.
306:
Soumille (1738) and
Fallavel (1776) do not tackle the subject nor do Guiton (1816) or Lelasseux-Lafosse who wrote the last major treatise in 1852.
1020:) occurs when a man has been illegally moved. In the event of a false hit, the opponent may choose where the wrongly moved man is to be placed.
4200:
2781:â If neither player has seen the false hit in the fourth quarter, the opponent having rolled his dice, it is no longer possible to take action;
610:
Trictrac is also a hunting term and means a hunt that takes place in woodland with great noise, to bring out the animals that are being hunted.
2837:) occurs when a player scores fewer points than earned. The school is claimed as soon as the player at fault touches one of his men or, on a
2672:). Generally speaking, a player is never allowed to retract a move. Picking up the men always signifies that you are 'going' after winning a
1413:
327:
The treatises on the game do not go back before the early 17th century and searches of the literature are hampered by the fact that the word
3813:
Le Jeu du Trictrac, Enrichi de Figures Avec les Jeux du Revertier, du Toute-Table, du Tourne-Case, des Dames Rabattues, du Plain, et du Toc.
234:
in that neither game features captures of opponent pieces. The oldest treatise on trictrac was written in 1634 by Jollivet, a lawyer at the
3791:
3756:
Jollivet (1656), pp. 34â35. Jollivet describes this jan without naming it; the name occurs in the subsequent treatises of the bibliography.
1973:
could preserve it by taking out his extra men if they could be moved exactly onto the end rail. The player could 'preserve by privilege' (
1234:
Trictrac points are always scored in twos; the score being indicated by placing a jeton at the following locations (see diagram â right):
902:. This allowed both players the opportunity to start with a doublet, but meant there were three dice throws before the first turn started.
478:
The anonymous author of the second treatise, published by Charpentier (1698, 1701, 1715), prefers a Greek origin, more noble and learned:
3711:
in 1791 and having its basilica demolished to establish a large cotton mill on the premises. This demolition was a condition of the sale.
1336:(i.e. reaching 12 points and scoring a hole) on his dice roll, has the choice between continuing the current game or starting a new one:
460:
is an onomatopoeia before asking the reader to be satisfied with this linguistic origin since "the subject is a game and not a science":
3150:
3134:
1692:
For a filled jan, for each way it may be filled a player scores 4 points if the throw was a singleton and 6 points if it was a doublet.
1439:
When a player reaches the twelfth hole without the other having scored a single hole, this is called "winning the lurch" for the round (
3208:. The word 'trictrac' is also used for the board on which we play. Coquimbert was a way of playing that is today called Qui Perd Gagne.
580:
and author of the last important treatise of the 19th century, quotes the two hypotheses previously put forward without taking sides:
2841:
which cannot, when the player has thrown the dice. The opponent sends the offending player to school and scores the point difference.
2698:
the rules of passage on the return run were not respected in that a man was played into a quarter that the opponent could still fill;
4110:
4069:
4022:
4008:
3972:
3610:. v. n. Term used in the game of trictrac, to say, place, arrange the trictrac tables, according to the points that have been made."
1344:): the player scores the remaining points and resets the opponent's to zero by replacing the opponent's jeton and, if deployed, the
1120:
To release the rest corner, all builders (extra men) are moved off first, and then the last two are removed on the same dice throw;
4534:
4494:
4489:
1313:
If, subsequently, the first player were to score points before second player reaches 12, the lurch is no longer possible and the
465:"tac", which are words really from the sound itself; which means that this onomatopoeia can pass for a true and naive definition.
3811:
2967:
in French: this archaic plural, present in Common Indo-European, marks things that go in pairs. Dice doublets were no exception.
1730:) if the man is a) hit directly, or b) hit indirectly and the intermediate point is not occupied by more than one opposing man;
1348:, by the talon rail. The game continues with alternating turns and the opponent scores points acquired on the last move of the
3874:
1436:
but for a whole round. At the very beginning of the round, the flag is placed between the two players' pegs on the talon bar.
3817:
4510:
3824:
1534:
Feat: awarded when the first three dice rolls allow the player to place one man on each of the six points after the talon.
4100:
2771:â If, however, the offender realises his mistake before the opponent rolls the dice, it may be corrected without penalty;
1521:). The actual score depends on whether the dice throw resulted in two singletons or a doublet. There are five rare jans:
2869:
Any school can be contested by the player 'being sent to school' according to a procedure which may include two phases:
1129:
An empty rest corner â of either player â may be used as an intermediate point when moving a man by the sum of two dice.
3204:
Soumille (1756), p. 1: "we call it 'Grand Trictrac' to distinguish it from 'Tous tables' which is a kind of game, like
1895:
In the latter case, if the player is unable to move one or two men, his opponent scores 2 points for a "helpless man" (
4539:
3765:
Lepeintre (1818), p. 102: "So we're enfiladed. This expression has passed around the world and in the familiar style."
2638:
260:
Jollivet (1634), in the earliest treatise on the history of the game knew nothing about its age or country of origin:
836:
To make a point: to have a minimum of two men on the same point. A 'full point' occupied in this way is invulnerable;
487:
that can be written in vulgar script "Tris Trakus" and which means three times more difficult to play and understand.
4193:
3989:
3649:
Guiton (1822), p. 110: "When we say 'I'm going', we can't stay any longer; when we say 'I'm staying', we can't go."
3329:
517:
Trictrac, the rules of which I will describe here, takes its name from the noise made by the men, dice, and cones.
513:
Soumille (1738 and 1756), quoting the leading lexicographers, affirms that the word "trictrac" is an onomatopoeia:
2629:
Is the backgammon game of these Dutch players over? Has there been an infringement? They don't seem very focusedâŠ
1317:
is returned to its starting point between the two talons. The second player has lost the opportunity for a lurch (
383:. It is thus a very fast game, a few minutes to a quarter of an hour of playing time, favouring bets and raising.
4233:
3570:(1756) pub. by Giroud, the announcements of the dice are not obligatory. This is the trictrac source to say this.
2964:
2049:
Today, these three jans can be played optionally by agreement between the players before the start of the round.
2043:
Score: the player scores 4 points (singleton) and 6 points (doublet). Preserving the misery pile scored the same.
1560:
Move: The rules on the occupation of resting corners prohibit actually making this move, so it is a 'force jan'.
1404:
There is another type of return which is not related to a player's decision but to the bearing off of the men.
1301:
When one player scores 12 points while the other player's jeton is still on the talon, there is no need for the
1208:, but also from bearing off all a player's men and from the opponent's point-counting errors called "schools" (
3672:
or piece of paper is associated with the peg of the player scoring second to indicate a potential grand lurch.
2580:, men may not be placed in the third quarter, but any free points may be used to move men to the last quarter;
1789:, the occupation of point no. 10 at the start of a game may prove hazardous, reducing the chances of making a
1651:
2660:
False hits and schools are always handled by the opponent of the offender, each player refereeing the other.
1902:
If a player concedes points to his opponent for one or more helpless men, but at the same time preserves his
257:
The main sources for determining the origin of trictrac are the treatises published since the 17th century:
3981:
2686:
a man has been moved to a point beyond the one where it should have been moved for the sum of the two dice;
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
2912:
1950:
A die roll greater than that necessary to move the furthest man to the rail is said to be 'overshooting' (
995:), both the end point and the intermediate point or points must not be blocked by one or more adverse men.
577:
331:
was also given to the board used for all tables games and modern versions of ancient texts have the word
190:, but to score as many points as possible. The game usually ends before all the men have been borne off.
4529:
4484:
4186:
1008:
The rule "piece touched, piece moved" is mandatory unless the player has announced beforehand: "I dub" (
842:
210:
2802:
542:
Fallavel (1776) is the most direct: "the game draws its name from the noise we make while playing it."
3592:
is taken to play simply, and we usually say of a player who moves his men well, 'that man cases well'.
1810:). To do so, the player's own rest corner must be taken and the opponent's rest corner must be empty.
1783:
and "goes", thus ending the current game, his opponent can no longer score the points for false hits.
991:
If a player decides to move a man the total number of pips on both dice, called "playing all on one" (
314:
hundred and fifty years ago as it is today, without its rules having undergone significant variations.
2814:
2565:
A player may not move any man onto the return run as long as the opponent has the chance of making a
1204:
To score a hole a player must score twelve points. These points are earned in game situations called
606:
tends to reinforce the onomatopoeia hypothesis, it being also a 17th century name for a driven hunt:
555:
518:
449:. Nowadays, only the last three spellings are used, the others having long since fallen into disuse.
3847:, Alexandre Giroud, Avignon, 1756, 2nd rev. edn. (1st edn. 1738, Avignon F. Girard & D. Seguin).
2768:) that the opponent could still fill, the latter must if possible make the offender replay correctly
1321:). As the two players now each have only one jeton, whoever wins can only advance his peg one hole.
4499:
4136:. (Manuscript in the Middleton collection, University of Nottingham, shelfmark Li 113.) c. 1665â70.
2933:
1647:
559:
206:
37:
4313:
3240:
Au Bon Vieux Temps: récits, contes et légendes de l'ancien Bocage normand, jeux, Vieilles chansons
1961:
Being the first player to bear off fifteen men scores 4 points (singleton) or 6 points (doublet).
1557:
Score: 4 points if achieved with singletons (two different die scores) or 6 points with a doublet.
1062:â a die that has jumped into the other compartment is good, provided the above conditions are met;
456:
is an onomatopoeia, but this is not universally accepted. Jollivet (1634) considers that the word
4243:
4223:
4129:
735:
235:
217:
1828:
3668:
Soumille (1756), p. 296. There is no flag in this reference. Instead, a pierced jeton called a
2727:
A man has been placed on a point beyond where it should have been for the sum of the two dice:
4106:
4075:
4065:
4018:
4004:
3968:
3283:
1417:
70:
2003:
was not possible during the following games since the lead was not due to chance but to play.
1737:) if it is indirectly hit and the intermediate point is occupied by two or more opposing men.
4386:
4366:
4288:
4253:
4238:
1709:
As always, points must be scored before touching the men or the school penalty is incurred.
1480:
winning a normal game if the opponent has not crossed the bridge is pays 1œ times the stake;
1001:
The rules on occupying rest corners and moving men on the return run must also be respected.
551:
415:
339:
in its different spellings must be accompanied by that of expressions specific to the game.
1806:
While a player may not occupy the adverse rest corner, it is possible to 'hit the corner' (
4057:
3953:
3708:
2683:
a man has been moved by a number of points that do not match the value of one of the dice;
2634:
1375:). By going back the player acquires the privilege of the rolling first for the next move.
1036:
815:): the movement of men along the home side of the board from the talon to the rest corner;
227:
112:
1491:
winning a normal game if the opponent has reached the sixth hole is worth a single stake;
1290:
A player who scores points while the opponent remains on zero, is said to be 'on lurch' (
4035:
Un Chapitre de la Révolution française ou Histoire des journaux en France de 1789 à 1799
2716:
A man has been moved a number of points that do not match the value of one of the dice:
4308:
4303:
4096:
3279:
3040:
In Fallavel (1776), the chapter entitled 'explanation of terms' has nearly 200 entries.
2927:
2810:
1838:
1294:) and a player reaching twelve points before the opponent scores any "wins the lurch" (
1167:
If a rest corner can be taken either naturally or by force, it must be taken naturally.
654:) forming the longer edges of the board at the base of each of the twenty-four points (
239:
183:
132:
849:): any additional man added to a full point. A point can hold up to thirteen builders.
4523:
4263:
4151:
3983:
Chess in Iceland and Icelandic Literature: With Historical Notes on Other Table-Games
3977:
3543:
3146:
1940:
The quick method prevailed. It is the same as in Backgammon and follows these rules:
1899:) or 4 points for two helpless men whether the roll was a doublet or two singletons.
1847:
1382:
The period of play between two placements of the men on the talons is called a game (
1109:) is point number 11. Its occupation and release are subject to the following rules:
419:
242:. Since then, the rules have remained very stable as evinced by the treatises in the
108:
1412:
1257:
12 points: at the start position between the two talons (a hole having been scored).
4376:
2917:
2625:
1957:
If it is not possible to bear a man off, the player has to make normal board moves.
650:), similar to that of backgammon, but with twenty-four holes drilled in the rails (
164:
4089:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3852:
3795:
3226:
2512:) = one or more parties. It starts when all men are returned to the talon because:
888:
Two methods were used to determine which of the two players would have the lead:
839:
To make a half-point: to have a single man on a point. A half-point is vulnerable;
754:
4049:
3884:
2899:
It is acceptable to correct the opponent's mistake without scoring school points.
1985:
Three ways to score points were abandoned in the first half of the 17th century:
1494:
winning a normal game if the opponent has not reached the sixth hole pays double;
1379:
Any declaration or action to stay or go must be acted upon and is not revocable.
4426:
4406:
4356:
4248:
4209:
2738:
A player took the rest corner by power when it could have been taken by effect:
1833:
1639:
1306:
start, so to note that the second player is now 'on lurch', a second jeton, the
1287:â is a special jeton used to show when a lurch (double points) is on the cards.
1141:) by placing two men directly on it. This is also called taking it "by effect" (
172:
120:
3885:
Cours Complet de Trictrac avec un Abrégé du Gammon, du Jacquet et du Garanguet.
3703:
Lepeintre (1818), p. 94, writes about point no. 10: "It is commonly called the
2896:): players are never compelled to score a school, but may ignore it completely.
1028:
4361:
4323:
4228:
4079:
3308:
3205:
3130:
2922:
2040:). This jan was extremely rare and intended to make an adversary open the way.
1842:
1223:
1117:
Taking the corner is not compulsory unless it is the only legal move possible;
403:
187:
182:
The object of the game is not to get out the men as quickly as possible as in
168:
156:
128:
48:
1390:
The first game runs from the start of the whole round to the first 'return' (
4416:
4273:
224:, and jacquet, which was much simpler and did not appear until around 1800.
52:
3829:, Giffart, Paris, 1756, edn. identical to the 1st ed. of 1738 at Avignon. (
2689:
the rest corner was taken by force when it could have been taken by effect;
4159:
4421:
4401:
4339:
4298:
1655:
522:
375:
238:, in order to standardise its rules which had hitherto been handed on by
179:
vocabulary, which is very rich, frequently occurs in French literature.
175:" of France in the way that backgammon is in the English-speaking world.
136:
116:
1891:
The player is unable ("powerless") to play the pips on one or both dice.
17:
4391:
4381:
4167:
3463:
2025:
Score: the opponent scores 2 points (singleton) and 4 points (doublet).
3533:
Jollivet (1656), p. 37, give the name "trading corner" to point no. 6.
3320:
Charpentier, Soumille, Fallavel, Guiton, Lepeintre, Lelasseux-Lafosse.
630:
4333:
4318:
3816:, 3rd revised, corrected and expanded edn. Paris: Henry Charpentier (
3790:, Paris: Jean Promé's widow, revision of the new 1st edn. of 1634). (
2642:
1621:
Score: the opponent earns 4 points (singleton) or 6 points (doublet).
1254:
10 points: by the tip of point 11 (on the side nearest the end rail);
1164:
Extra men may be added to the rest corner by effect but not by force;
360:
231:
1695:
Once a player has filled a quarter, the player must 'keep it full' (
198:
2937:â one of the most important documents in the history of board games
4436:
4431:
4396:
4371:
4328:
4293:
4258:
4124:
The Royal Phraseological English-French, French-English Dictionary
3253:
3227:
The complete text on the site of the Electronic Library of Lisieux
2801:
2676:. A player cannot make a false hit by hitting his opponent's men.
1827:
1638:
1577:
Score: opponent scores 4 points (singleton) or 6 points (doublet).
1411:
1044:
The following rules apply to dice throws, also called dice rolls:
500:
347:
297:
197:
3131:
Record of printer-bookseller Jean Promé with mention of his widow
1394:), which is when the player chooses to "go" and start a new game;
1251:
8 points: by the tip of point 6 (on the side nearest the bridge);
2760:â If a player has moved a man on the return run into a quarter (
2757:
The rules of passage on the return run have not been respected:
1400:
The last game runs from the last return to the end of the round;
1324:
The peg has to be moved forward by twelve holes to win a match.
1094:
160:
89:
4182:
4178:
3295:
Jollivet uses both spellings, tricque-trac and trique-trac, in
2778:
is no longer possible, the opponent can no longer enforce this;
2701:
a player has placed a single man in either of the rest corners.
335:
when it did not exist in the originals. Any search on the word
1473:
winning a normal game if the opponent has crossed the bridge (
1352:
just ended. The decision may be announced with "I'm holding" (
1241:
4 points: by the tip of point 3 (on the side nearest point 4);
1238:
2 points: by the tip of point 1 (on the side nearest point 2);
3948:
A New Dictionary, English and French, and French and English.
713:
was originally used to designate a man in the game. The name
344:
La Friquassée crotestyllonnée, des antiques modernes chansons
1537:
Score: 4 points. Note: it cannot be achieved with a doublet.
452:
As for etymology, today it is widely believed that the word
2695:
a filled quarter was not preserved when it could have been;
742:) in the hole in the end rail nearest the talon. The flag (
483:
a more noble origin and derive it from the two Greek words
350:, three of which are also typical of the game of trictrac:
2983:
which meant moving men based on the dice thrown. The verb
2668:
When a player makes an illegal move, it is a "false hit" (
1814:
the latter, only the builders (extra men) can contribute.
1703:), but this may only be done if there is no other option.
694:) which progress along the twelve holes of the side rails;
2963:
These terms from Old French, testify to the existence of
2712:
The treatment of the false hit depends on the situation:
1944:
The end rail next to the talons is considered as a point.
1244:
6 points: by the tip of point 5 (on the side nearest the
562:. This opinion seems to me to be founded on truth itself.
1065:â a die outside the board or on one of its rails is bad;
354:
Grand Jan, petit Jan, Margot la fendue, et tous ses gens
159:
of skill and chance for two players that is played with
3950:
Vol. 2, Part 2. London: Cadell & Davis, and others.
1123:
A player may retake the rest corner having released it;
717:
became commonplace during the 17th century but that of
3965:
Comment jouer au Backgammon, au Jacquet et au Trictrac
2999:
Presumably as long as it is a legal move per the dice.
2609:). It is most often realised when a player has made a
866:). Each player thus has two home quarters called the:
4001:
Le Jacquet, Le Backgammon, Le Tric Trac, Le Solitaire
3856:, de Hansy, 1766, reprint of the 1756 edn at Avignon.
3490:
_ (1715), p. 7: "The men are called indiscriminately
2505:) is made up of one or more games totalling 12 holes;
920:) if the two numbers are the same, and 'singletons' (
862:) of a trictrac board has two quadrants or quarters (
1517:) can only be achieved at the very start of a game (
4477:
4446:
4349:
4281:
4216:
2006:
Score: 4 points (singleton) or 6 points (doublet)..
1126:
A player may never take the opponent's rest corner;
1059:â a die completely or partially on a jeton is good;
104:
96:
84:
76:
66:
58:
44:
3924:, Amsterdam: J. Frédéric Bernard et H. du Sauzet.
1910:. This is called 'preservation by powerlessness' (
1618:but the opponent is already in his corner of rest.
1597:Score: 4 points (singleton) or 6 points (doublet).
1432:) is a small flag that plays the same role as the
1420:. It swivels around the shank to prevent breakage.
1397:The following ones go from one return to the next;
3879:, 2nd rev. edn., Barrois lâAĂźnĂ© (1st edn.. 1816).
2692:a quarter was not filled when it could have been;
2057:The following summary table is based on Lalanne:
3786:de Jollivet, Euverte, sieur de Votilley (1656),
3548:at booksongaming.com. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
1500:winning a lurch without the flag pays quadruple.
1073:When a die is bad, the player must re-roll both.
788:point 6: sometimes also called bourgeois corner;
3251:See the definition of the word referred on the
3008:i.e. the opponent has not reached the 7th hole.
1160:Further rules apply to taking the rest corner:
608:
582:
547:
515:
480:
462:
352:
311:
281:
262:
249:The last major treatise was published in 1852.
4003:, 2nd edn. (1st edn. 1979), Bornemann. 55 pp.
3147:Record of printer-bookseller Henri Charpentier
1862:) are two uncommon expressions. Nevertheless:
1674:: in the quarter with the player's rest corner
1668:: in the quarter containing the player's talon
1462:winning a normal game is worth a single stake.
529:by Trévoux do not give it any other etymology.
4194:
3986:. Florence: Florentine Typographical Society.
2653:"False hits" i.e. incorrect moves of the men;
1416:A trictrac pavilion in ivory with a stylized
984:The following rules apply to moving the men:
721:remained in several expressions in the game.
638:, p. 146, Emile Guérin editor, n.d. (c. 1900)
8:
3994:Dictionnaire critique de la langue française
3941:Journal des débats politiques et littéraires
2537:) is when a player scores one or more holes;
2493:A game breaks down into elements or events:
1487:The last one described in the 19th century:
1032:Old bone dice, some very worn and irregular.
293:, 3rd rev. edn. Paris: Charpentier, pp. 1â2.
273:, widow of Jean PromĂ©. Paris, 1656, pp. 8â9.
230:notes trictrac's resemblance to the Spanish
30:
3906:
3636:
3634:
3529:
3527:
3161:
3159:
3090:
3088:
3086:
1832:This ivory man bears witness to the age of
1513:Jans are point scoring feats. 'Rare' jans (
1193:) in trictrac is played over twelve holes (
4201:
4187:
4179:
2860:l'école liée à la conservations d'un plein
2583:When the opponent can no longer achieve a
1906:, the player still scores for keeping the
1888:There is a false hit on an opponentâs man;
1680:: in the quarter with the opponent's talon
1574:but the opponent occupies his rest corner.
1497:winning a lurch with the flag pays triple;
1133:There are two ways to take a rest corner:
4172:comprehensive rules in French by Lalanne.
4064:(Reprint ed.). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
4062:A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess
3182:
3180:
3027:
3025:
1262:score 1 hole (or 2 in case of a lurch or
759:Complete Treatise on the Game of Trictrac
2624:
2059:
1222:
1035:
1027:
831:To make a point, a half-point, a builder
753:
642:The equipment needed to play comprises:
629:
402:
395:precursor of trictrac or its successor.
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3021:
2947:
2656:"Schools" i.e. incorrect point scoring.
2649:Gaming infringements are of two types:
2572:When the opponent can no longer make a
2548:) is obtained by scoring twelve points;
2356:For each unplayable die (helpless man)
1947:A man landing on the rail is borne off.
167:similar, but not identical, to that of
4164:rules in English at Backgammon Galore!
3690:This method is described in detail in
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3242:, Delesques, Paris, 1907, pp. 348â349.
2519:â a player "goes" having won a partie;
1954:) and allows this man to be borne off.
1929:Two methods of bearing off coexisted:
1884:concedes points to the opponent when:
1053:â a flat die resting on a man is good;
778:Certain points have been given names:
567:Lepeintre, Pierre-Marie Michel (1818)
473:, widow Jean Promé, Paris, 1656, p. 6.
29:
4042:MĂ©moires de M. le comte de Montlosier
3521:in the diagram and "y" the upper one.
1089:Today, a die is said to be "broken" (
596:, Ledoyen, Paris, 1852, Vol. 1, p. 2.
509:by Larmessin IV after Nicolas Lancret
205:, Charpentier, 1715. Fragment of the
7:
4119:. Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.
3915:Dictionnaire de lâAcadĂ©mie Française
3603:Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française
1876:A hit on the opponent's rest corner.
1170:Taking a rest corner does not score.
1068:â a die ending up on another is bad.
879:: the side with points from 6 to 11.
617:Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française
4126:. 2nd edn. London: Dulau & Co.
873:: the side with points from T to 5;
2467:Being first to bear off one's men
697:A small flag called the pavilion (
673:) called "men" in English sources;
25:
4105:. Oxford: OUP, pp. 75â76 and 86.
4102:The Oxford History of Board Games
3876:Traité Complet du Jeu de Trictrac
3619:Lepeintre (1818), p. 120, rule 8.
2892:There is no "school of schools" (
2522:â a player bears off all his men;
2374:
1977:) in this way up to three times.
1310:, is placed alongside the first.
705:The board also bears the name of
243:
4272:
3299:, widow Jean Promé, Paris, 1656.
2451:
1873:A true hit on an opponent's man;
322:, Guillaume, Paris, 1818, p. 13.
36:
4033:de Monseignat, Charles (1853).
3893:Le Jeu de Trictrac rendu facile
3788:LâExcellent Jeu du Tricque-trac
3297:LâExcellent Jeu du Tricque-trac
1933:The 'provincial' or slow method
594:Le Jeu du Trictrac Rendu Facile
471:LâExcellent Jeu du Tricque-trac
302:Trictrac table made around 1785
271:L'Excellent Jeu du tricque-trac
4324:Long Nardy (Narde, Long Nardi)
4153:Rules for the Game of Trictrac
4090:Thrésor de la langue française
2298:
2198:
2086:
1936:The 'Parisian' or quick method
1443:) or "winning a grand lurch" (
669:) and fifteen white counters (
414:, painter of the entourage of
386:Jollivet gives it the name of
1:
4122:Tarver, John Charles (1853).
4117:La Friquassée crotestyllonnée
4115:Sidredoulx, Ăpiphane (1878).
4050:Bibliographie des mazarinades
4040:Montlosier, Comte de (1830).
3545:Rules for the Game of Tritrac
1787:From a tactical point of view
1745:A true hit earns the player:
1175:From a tactical point of view
683:Three small counters, called
537:, Giffart, Paris, 1756, p. 1.
441:, trictrac and, more rarely,
365:La Friquassée crotestyllonnée
4053:, Paris: J. Renouard et Cie.
4037:, Paris: L. Hachette et Cie.
4015:Histoire des Jeux de Société
3967:. 2nd edn. (1st edn. 1998).
3922:MĂ©moires du cardinal de Retz
3870:, s.l., s.d. (c. 1780).
3838:Principes du Jeu de Trictrac
3472:. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
2576:but is still able to make a
2465:
2448:
2424:
2411:
2388:
2371:
2354:
2333:
2312:
2295:
2278:
2265:
2245:
2232:
2212:
2195:
2176:
2157:
2138:
2119:
2100:
2083:
1483:winning a lurch pays double;
1465:winning a lurch pays double;
794:point 10: schoolboy's point;
676:Two dice and two dice cups (
3747:Jollivet (1656), pp. 27â28.
3729:Jollivet (1656), pp. 19â20.
3557:Soumille (1739), pp. 10â11.
3053:(1699), Paris: Charpentier.
3049:Its rules are given in the
2853:l'école liée au remplissage
2639:National Gallery of Ireland
1445:gagner en grande bredouille
1245:
496:, Paris: Charpentier, p. 4.
135: • English
4556:
4350:Games of contrary movement
4282:Games of parallel movement
4013:LhĂŽte, Jean-Marie (1994).
3908:
3481:Fiske (1905), pp. 174â184.
2280:Hitting opponent's corner
1726:it is a good or true hit (
943:doublet of 2: double two (
785:point 5: bourgeois corner;
586:three times more difficult
576:Lelasseux-Lafosse (1852),
571:, Paris: Guillaume, p. 13.
429:has been variously spelt:
4508:
4270:
4161:Trictrac (Grand Trictrac)
4156:in English by David Levy.
4047:Moreau, CĂ©lestin (1851).
3999:LĂ©chalet, Jacques (1987)
3588:Soumille (1756), p. 20: "
3195:Lelasseux-Lafosse (1852).
3103:Lelasseux-Lafosse (1852).
2389:
2246:
2213:
2160:Contre jan de deux tables
1912:conserver par impuissance
1802:Hitting opponent's corner
1763:by a singleton in either
1749:by a singleton in either
1566:Contre-jan de deux tables
569:Cours Complet de Trictrac
320:Cours Complet de Trictrac
126:
35:
3963:Faligot, Urbain (2001).
3946:Chambaud, Lewis (1815).
3094:Lepeintre (1818), p. 13.
3051:Suite au Jeu du Trictrac
1824:Bonus and powerless jans
1441:gagne le tour bredouille
1328:Holding, going and games
1105:A player's rest corner (
802:Ordinary and return runs
665:Fifteen black counters (
390:and in contrast that of
4535:Traditional board games
4093:, Paris: David Douceur.
3895:, Ledoyen, Paris, 1852.
3840:, Guillyn, Paris, 1749.
3640:Chambaud (1815), p. 55.
3270:Jollivet (1656), p. 41.
3071:Murray (1951), p. 124 .
2679:False hits occur when:
2631:The Backgammon Players
2485:(n/a = non applicable)
2033:("The pile of misery")
1975:conserver par privilĂšge
1770:by a doublet in either
1756:by a doublet in either
791:point 7: devil's point;
761:by Guiton, 1822, p. 15.
4447:Games without movement
4017:. Flammarion. 671 pp.
3996:, Marseille: J. Mossy.
3681:Guiton (1822), p. 126.
3628:Tarver (1853), p. 117.
3341:Fallavel (1776), p. 1.
3031:Parlett (1999), p. 86.
2913:History of board games
2882:l'augmentation d'Ă©cole
2818:
2807:Une partie de trictrac
2646:
1851:
1801:
1713:Hitting opponent's men
1658:
1421:
1371:) or "I'm returning" (
1231:
1181:Points, holes and jans
1041:
1040:Modern precision dice.
1033:
854:Divisions of the board
797:point 11: rest corner.
762:
639:
623:
599:
578:polytechnique lecturer
574:
540:
527:Dictionnaire Universel
510:
499:
476:
422:
399:Spelling and etymology
356:
325:
303:
296:
276:
213:
171:. It was "the classic
4309:Jacquet de Versailles
3990:Féraud, Jean-François
3958:The Complete Gamester
3778:Treatises on trictrac
3566:According to p. 4 of
3121:_ (1698, 1701, 1715).
2805:
2628:
2053:Scoring summary table
1858:) and powerless jan (
1831:
1644:La Partie de Trictrac
1642:
1415:
1226:
1039:
1031:
757:
633:
504:
406:
301:
201:
4336:(Turkish backgammon)
3863:, Nyon, Paris, 1776.
3542:Levy, David (2007).
2979:comes from the verb
2858:A preserving error (
2815:Worcester Art Museum
2428:grand jan, petit jan
2392:grand jan, petit jan
2335:False hit on man in
2314:False hit on man in
2179:Contre jan de mézéas
1836:. The scene depicts
1610:Contre-jan de mezeas
1477:) is a single stake.
1365:s'en aller, renvoyer
1356:) or "I'm staying" (
685:jetons de bredouille
634:Trictrac equipment,
408:The Trictrac Players
4490:Tables (historical)
4234:Duodecim Scriptorum
4087:Nicot, Jean (1606)
3888:, Paris: Guillaume.
3868:Le Trictrac Combiné
3692:Le Trictrac Combiné
3080:de Jollivet (1634).
2987:is synonymous with
2934:Libro de los juegos
2247:True hit on man in
2214:True hit on man in
2065:Points by singleton
1733:it is a false hit (
1712:
1697:conserver son plein
1332:A player winning a
1281:jeton de bredouille
1197:or, more commonly,
975:("ring the bells").
766:Numbering of points
687:("lurch counters");
131: •
32:
4540:French board games
4439:(Greek backgammon)
4169:Le Jeu de Trictrac
4134:A Volume of Plaies
4130:Willughby, Francis
3861:Le Jeu du Trictrac
3217:Sidredoulx (1878).
2819:
2647:
2122:Jan de deux tables
1852:
1753:quarter, 2 points;
1659:
1652:Musée d'Ansembourg
1626:jan de deux tables
1602:jan de deux tables
1582:jan de deux tables
1572:jan de deux tables
1550:Jan de deux tables
1526:Jan de trois coups
1422:
1363:Going, returning (
1340:Holding, staying (
1232:
1042:
1034:
763:
709:. The French word
640:
511:
505:Trictrac players.
494:Le Jeu du Trictrac
423:
412:Le MaĂźtre des Jeux
392:grand Tricque-trac
388:petit Tricque-trac
304:
291:Le Jeu du Trictrac
236:Parlement of Paris
214:
203:Le Jeu du trictrac
4517:
4516:
4143:
4142:
3853:Le Grand Trictrac
3850:M. L'Abbé S*** ,
3845:Le Grand Trictrac
3843:M. L'Abbé S*** ,
3826:Le Grand Trictrac
3820:, 2nd edn. 1701).
3805:
3568:Le Grand Trictrac
3470:Le Salon des Jeux
3062:Lepeintre (1818).
2851:A filling error (
2483:
2482:
2103:Jan de six tables
2070:Points by doublet
2031:La pile de misĂšre
2014:("Saucy Margot")
1856:jan de récompense
1530:jan de six tables
1428:) or 'standard' (
1228:Le Grand Trictrac
1145:) or "directly" (
928:doublet of Aces:
636:Le Salon des Jeux
620:, 1st edn., 1694.
556:Antoine FuretiĂšre
535:Le Grand Trictrac
519:Antoine FuretiĂšre
142:
141:
27:French board game
16:(Redirected from
4547:
4485:Tables (current)
4387:Ludus Anglicorum
4342:(Swedish tables)
4276:
4254:Royal Game of Ur
4224:Dogs and Jackals
4203:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4083:
4058:Murray, H. J. R.
3907:
3803:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3611:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3461:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3175:
3174:Fallavel (1776).
3172:
3166:
3165:Soumille (1738).
3163:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2846:l'Ă©cole par trop
2835:l'Ă©cole par moin
2607:se faire enfiler
2557:The return run (
2060:
2020:Margot la fendue
2012:Margot la fendue
2001:jan de rencontre
1997:jan de rencontre
1990:Jan de rencontre
1846:, 12th century,
1648:LĂ©onard Defrance
1424:The 'pavilion' (
1296:gagne bredouille
993:jouer tout d'une
824:passer au retour
621:
597:
572:
538:
497:
474:
425:The French word
416:Le Nain brothers
342:A poem entitled
323:
294:
274:
40:
33:
21:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4504:
4473:
4454:Dames Rabattues
4442:
4345:
4277:
4268:
4212:
4207:
4176:
4148:
4139:
4072:
4056:
4044:, Paris: Dufey.
4027:
3954:Cotton, Charles
3943:of 24 Oct 1817.
3898:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3709:Royaumont Abbey
3702:
3698:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3462:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:(1606), p. 644.
3307:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3286:(c. 1665â1670).
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3250:
3246:
3238:Madelaine, A.,
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3145:
3141:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:Jolyvet (1634).
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2909:
2800:
2666:
2635:Pieter de Hooch
2623:
2598:
2555:
2491:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2055:
2038:pile de malheur
1992:("En man Jan")
1983:
1920:
1897:dame impuissant
1860:jan qui ne peut
1854:The bonus jan (
1826:
1804:
1715:
1637:
1511:
1453:
1418:ermine flecking
1410:
1330:
1277:
1221:
1183:
1103:
1087:
1048:On a dice roll:
1026:
1016:A "false hit" (
982:
945:doublet de deux
932:(diminutive of
909:
886:
782:point T: talon;
774:Names of points
752:
732:
727:
628:
626:Gaming material
622:
614:
598:
592:
573:
566:
539:
533:
498:
491:
475:
469:
401:
373:
324:
318:
295:
288:
275:
269:
255:
228:H. J. R. Murray
209:, engraving by
196:
127:Related games:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4239:Game of Twenty
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4147:
4146:External links
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4097:Parlett, David
4094:
4085:
4070:
4054:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4011:
3997:
3987:
3978:Fiske, Willard
3975:
3961:
3960:, London: A.M.
3951:
3944:
3937:
3918:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3821:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3696:
3683:
3674:
3661:
3651:
3642:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3594:
3581:
3572:
3559:
3550:
3535:
3523:
3510:
3500:
3483:
3474:
3343:
3334:
3322:
3313:
3301:
3288:
3272:
3263:
3254:lexical portal
3244:
3231:
3219:
3210:
3197:
3188:
3186:Guiton (1816).
3176:
3167:
3155:
3139:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3042:
3033:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2969:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2886:
2885:
2880:School raise (
2878:
2873:False school (
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2833:Underscoring (
2821:In trictrac a
2811:Judith Leyster
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2622:
2619:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2570:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2503:partie entiĂšre
2490:
2489:Game structure
2487:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2299:POWERLESS JANS
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:possible ways
2073:
2068:
2063:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1982:
1979:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1919:
1916:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1869:is earned by:
1825:
1822:
1808:battre le coin
1803:
1800:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1714:
1711:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:Move: same as
1622:
1619:
1614:Feat: same as
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:Move: same as
1598:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:Move: same as
1578:
1575:
1570:Feat: same as
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1452:
1449:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1361:
1329:
1326:
1276:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1220:
1217:
1195:parties simple
1187:partie entiĂšre
1182:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
989:
981:
978:
977:
976:
971:doublet of 6:
969:
964:doublet of 5:
962:
957:doublet of 4:
955:
950:doublet of 3:
948:
941:
908:
905:
904:
903:
896:
885:
882:
881:
880:
874:
851:
850:
840:
837:
828:
827:
816:
811:Ordinary run (
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
751:
748:
731:
728:
726:
723:
703:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
671:dames blanches
663:
627:
624:
612:
590:
564:
531:
489:
467:
400:
397:
372:
369:
316:
286:
267:
254:
251:
240:oral tradition
195:
192:
155:) is a French
140:
139:
124:
123:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
86:
82:
81:
80:approx. 1 hour
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4552:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4111:9780192129987
4108:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4071:0-19-827401-7
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:9782080109293
4020:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:9782851820778
4006:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3992:(1787â1788).
3991:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:9782732804446
3970:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3901:Other sources
3900:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3818:1st edn. 1698
3815:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2894:Ă©cole d'Ă©cole
2891:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:Overscoring (
2843:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2621:Infringements
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:jeu de retour
2552:
2547:
2546:partie simple
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:partie simple
2532:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:jan de retour
2429:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:jan de retour
2393:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Jan de mézéas
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:Obsolete jans
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:jan de retour
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:jan de retour
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:powerless jan
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1848:Louvre Museum
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1735:battue Ă faux
1732:
1729:
1728:battue Ă vrai
1725:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1678:Jan de Retour
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:jan de mézéas
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:Jan de mézéas
1588:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:passé le pont
1472:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:tenir, rester
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1308:'bredouille'
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:en bredouille
1288:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1219:Point scoring
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:par puissance
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:naturellement
1137:"Naturally" (
1136:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:coin de repos
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
986:
985:
979:
974:
970:
967:
963:
960:
956:
953:
949:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:
925:
923:
919:
913:
906:
901:
897:
894:
891:
890:
889:
883:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
867:
865:
861:
856:
855:
848:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
833:
832:
825:
821:
820:jeu de retour
817:
814:
813:jeu ordinaire
810:
809:
808:
804:
803:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
767:
760:
756:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
729:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
700:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
679:
675:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
643:
637:
632:
625:
619:
618:
611:
607:
605:
595:
589:
587:
581:
579:
570:
563:
561:
557:
553:
546:
543:
536:
530:
528:
524:
520:
514:
508:
507:L'Apres Diner
503:
495:
488:
486:
479:
472:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
421:
420:Louvre Museum
417:
413:
409:
405:
398:
396:
393:
389:
384:
382:
377:
370:
368:
366:
362:
355:
351:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
321:
315:
310:
307:
300:
292:
285:
280:
272:
266:
261:
258:
252:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
212:
208:
204:
200:
193:
191:
189:
185:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
138:
134:
130:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
4530:Tables games
4411:
4367:English game
4210:Tables games
4175:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4133:
4123:
4116:
4101:
4088:
4061:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4014:
4000:
3993:
3982:
3964:
3957:
3947:
3940:
3921:
3892:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3825:
3812:
3787:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3677:
3669:
3664:
3654:
3645:
3624:
3615:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3584:
3575:
3567:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3538:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3337:
3325:
3316:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3275:
3266:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3222:
3213:
3200:
3191:
3170:
3142:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3036:
3004:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2950:
2932:
2918:Tables games
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:fausse Ă©cole
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2806:
2793:
2775:
2765:
2761:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2648:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2530:
2509:
2502:
2501:) or match (
2498:
2492:
2484:
2450:
2431:
2427:
2395:
2391:
2375:FILLING JANS
2373:
2336:
2315:
2297:
2248:
2215:
2197:
2178:
2159:
2140:
2121:
2102:
2085:
2056:
2048:
2037:
2030:
2019:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1951:
1939:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1837:
1820:
1818:opponent's.
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1798:favourable.
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1660:
1643:
1635:Filling jans
1625:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1589:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1549:
1541:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1486:
1474:
1469:The second:
1468:
1458:The oldest:
1457:
1454:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1403:
1391:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:je m'en vais
1368:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1319:débredouille
1318:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1233:
1227:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1159:
1153:
1152:"By force" (
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1106:
1104:
1101:Rest corners
1090:
1088:
1043:
1017:
1015:
1009:
992:
983:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
933:
929:
921:
917:
914:
910:
899:
892:
887:
876:
870:
863:
860:compartiment
859:
857:
853:
852:
846:
830:
829:
823:
819:
818:Return run (
812:
805:
801:
800:
777:
773:
772:
769:
765:
764:
758:
743:
739:
733:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
666:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
635:
615:
609:
603:
600:
593:
585:
583:
575:
568:
548:
544:
541:
534:
526:
516:
512:
506:
493:
484:
481:
477:
470:
463:
457:
453:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:tricque-trac
430:
426:
424:
411:
407:
391:
387:
385:
380:
374:
364:
357:
353:
343:
341:
336:
332:
328:
326:
319:
312:
308:
305:
290:
282:
277:
270:
263:
259:
256:
248:
244:bibliography
226:
221:
215:
207:frontispiece
202:
181:
177:
152:
148:
144:
143:
77:Playing time
4495:Terminology
4469:Ofanfelling
4407:Tourne case
4357:Acey-deucey
4217:Forerunners
3859:M.J.M.F. ,
3831:ed. of 1739
3796:ed. of 1639
3792:ed. of 1635
3282:(1674) and
2670:fausse case
2603:ĂȘtre enfilĂ©
2497:The round (
2426:Preserving
2405:1, 2, or 3
1918:Bearing off
1834:board games
1774:, 6 points.
1767:, 4 points;
1760:, 4 points;
1701:il le rompt
1147:directement
1024:Dice throws
1018:fausse case
922:coup simple
893:Coup et dés
858:Each side (
730:Preparation
667:dames noire
485:΀ÏÎčÏ-΀ÏαÏÏ
Ï
435:trique-trac
222:tous tables
218:Restoration
173:tables game
121:probability
4524:Categories
4500:Backgammon
4478:Categories
4377:Irish game
4362:Backgammon
4080:1086243457
3939:_ (1817).
3920:_ (1719).
3917:, 1st edn.
3810:_ (1715),
3773:Literature
3206:coquimbert
3016:References
2923:Backgammon
2553:Return run
2529:A partie (
2368:Adversary
2351:Adversary
2330:Adversary
2259:1, 2 or 3
2226:1, 2 or 3
2199:BONUS JANS
2192:Adversary
2173:Adversary
2080:Scored by
1843:Holofernes
1772:petit jans
1434:bredouille
1373:je renvoie
1346:bredouille
1315:bredouille
1303:bredouille
1285:bredouille
1283:or simply
1274:Bredouille
1264:bredouille
1085:Broken die
750:Vocabulary
690:Two pegs (
492:_ (1715).
439:triquetrac
289:_ (1715).
188:backgammon
169:backgammon
165:game board
157:board game
129:Backgammon
49:Board game
4417:Ssangryuk
4329:Moultezim
4060:(2002) .
3913:_ (1694)
3705:Travanais
3606:(1694): "
3284:Willughby
2942:Footnotes
2776:grand jan
2766:grand jan
2762:petit jan
2664:False hit
2615:grand jan
2611:grand jan
2589:grand jan
2585:petit jan
2578:grand jan
2574:petit jan
2567:petit jan
2390:Making a
2337:petit jan
2316:grand jan
2249:petit jan
2216:grand jan
2087:RARE JANS
2075:Number of
1908:grand jan
1904:grand jan
1867:bonus jan
1795:petit jan
1791:grand jan
1765:petit jan
1758:grand jan
1751:grand jan
1672:Grand Jan
1666:Petit Jan
1542:puissance
1515:jans rare
1509:Rare jans
1185:A round (
1143:par effet
877:Grand Jan
871:Petit Jan
646:A board (
447:tric-trac
443:tric trac
367:of 1557.
153:tric-trac
149:tric trac
97:Age range
53:Dice game
4511:Glossary
4464:Doublets
4422:Sugoroku
4412:Trictrac
4402:Ticktack
4340:Verquere
4299:Gul bara
4099:(1999).
3980:(1905).
3956:(1674).
3882:(1818),
3873:(1822),
3465:Trictrac
3153:website.
2907:See also
2813:, 1630,
2750:school'.
2637:, 1653,
2596:Enfilade
2540:A hole (
2508:A game (
2339:quarter
2318:quarter
2251:quarter
2218:quarter
2072:per way
2067:per way
1952:excédant
1451:Winnings
1430:Ă©tandard
1426:pavillon
1408:Pavilion
1358:je reste
1354:je tiens
1010:j'adoube
744:pavillon
707:trictrac
699:pavillon
613:â
604:trictrac
591:â
565:â
560:Pasquier
532:â
525:and the
523:Richelet
490:â
468:â
458:trictrac
454:trictrac
427:trictrac
337:trictrac
333:trictrac
329:trictrac
317:â
287:â
268:â
145:Trictrac
137:Ticktack
117:counting
109:Strategy
92:rolling)
88:Medium (
71:contrary
67:Movement
31:Trictrac
18:TricTrac
4392:Plakoto
4382:Lourche
4304:Jacquet
4244:Knossos
4229:Grammai
3891:J.L. ,
3670:cravate
3257:of the
3149:at the
3137:website
3133:at the
2928:Jacquet
2798:Schools
2754:school.
2479:Player
2445:Player
2421:Player
2418:1 or 2
2408:Player
2292:Player
2275:Player
2272:1 or 2
2262:Player
2242:Player
2239:1 or 2
2229:Player
2154:Player
2135:Player
2116:Player
1114:throws;
934:ambesas
918:doublet
847:surcase
843:Builder
692:fichets
678:cornets
656:flĂšches
648:tablier
376:Tic-tac
371:Tic-tac
211:Tardieu
194:History
184:jacquet
133:Jacquet
113:tactics
59:Players
4459:Doblet
4397:Portes
4334:Tawula
4319:Laquet
4289:Barail
4264:Tabula
4109:
4078:
4068:
4021:
4007:
3971:
3934:Tome 3
3930:Tome 2
3926:Tome 1
3866:s.n.,
3659:holes.
3608:Tabler
3496:tables
3330:FĂ©raud
3280:Cotton
2985:tabler
2823:school
2674:partie
2643:Dublin
2531:partie
2510:relĂšve
1839:Judith
1781:partie
1519:relĂšve
1392:renvoi
1384:relĂšve
1350:partie
1334:partie
1246:bridge
1210:Ă©coles
973:sonnez
966:quines
959:carmes
952:ternes
900:partie
864:tables
740:fichet
652:bandes
552:MĂ©nage
381:partie
361:bocage
253:Origin
232:laquet
147:(also
105:Skills
85:Chance
45:Genres
4437:Tavli
4432:Tavla
4372:Gioul
4314:Kotra
4294:Fevga
4259:Senet
3590:Caser
3519:talon
3492:dames
3309:Nicot
3259:CNRTL
2989:caser
2981:caser
2965:duals
2827:Ă©cole
2587:or a
2452:OTHER
1656:LiĂšge
1199:trous
1091:cassé
1077:turn;
1005:turn.
980:Moves
938:bezet
930:bezas
736:piles
725:Rules
719:table
711:table
348:Rouen
163:on a
4427:Tapa
4249:Nard
4107:ISBN
4076:OCLC
4066:ISBN
4019:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3969:ISBN
3932:and
3508:one.
2977:Case
2790:man.
2544:aka
2542:trou
2499:tour
2476:n/a
2365:n/a
2110:n/a
1841:and
1206:jans
1191:tour
1095:bone
907:Play
884:Lead
715:dame
660:pont
558:and
161:dice
90:dice
3836:_,
3494:or
3468:at
3151:BNF
3135:BNF
2839:jan
2809:by
2764:or
2605:or
2533:or
2430:or
2394:or
1654:in
1646:by
1528:or
1386:):
1298:).
1212:).
1189:or
936:),
445:or
410:by
186:or
151:or
100:10+
4526::
4132:.
4074:.
3928:,
3833:).
3823:,
3794:,
3633:^
3526:^
3346:^
3179:^
3158:^
3085:^
3024:^
2641:,
2633:,
2473:6
2470:4
2442:1
2439:6
2436:4
2415:6
2400:4
2362:2
2359:2
2348:1
2345:6
2342:4
2327:1
2324:4
2321:2
2289:1
2286:6
2283:4
2269:6
2254:4
2236:4
2221:2
2189:1
2186:6
2183:4
2170:1
2167:6
2164:4
2151:1
2148:6
2145:4
2132:1
2129:6
2126:4
2113:1
2107:4
1926:.
1880:A
1865:A
1650:,
1544:).
1360:);
1248:);
1149:);
947:);
826:).
701:).
680:);
662:);
554:,
521:,
437:,
433:,
418:,
119:,
115:,
111:,
4202:e
4195:t
4188:v
4084:.
4082:.
3936:.
3798:)
3498:.
3261:.
2825:(
2817:.
2645:.
2601:(
2569:;
2022:.
1850:.
1628:.
1604:.
1584:.
968:;
961:;
954:;
940:;
916:(
845:(
588:.
62:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
