259:
166:
24:
33:
514:
975:
phosphate has a density of 2.866 g cm and α′-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.702 g cm All forms have complex structures consisting of tetrahedral phosphate centers linked through oxygen to the calcium ions. The high temperature forms each have two types of columns, one containing only calcium ions and the other both calcium and phosphate.
634:
519:
974:
Tricalcium phosphate has three recognised polymorphs, the rhombohedral β form (shown above), and two high temperature forms, monoclinic α and hexagonal α′. β-Tricalcium phosphate has a crystallographic density of 3.066 g cm while the high temperature forms are less dense, α-tricalcium
517:
1171:
and apatite. β-TCP is bioresorbable. The biodegradation of BCP involves faster dissolution of the β-TCP phase followed by elimination of HA crystals. β-TCP does not dissolve in body fluids at physiological pH levels, dissolution requires cell activity producing acidic pH.
1073:
Biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP, was originally reported as tricalcium phosphate, but X-Ray diffraction techniques showed that the material was an intimate mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate. It is a ceramic. Preparation involves
978:
There are differences in chemical and biological properties between the β and α forms, the α form is more soluble and biodegradable. Both forms are available commercially and are present in formulations used in medical and dental applications.
2333:
Kundu, B; Lemos A; Soundrapandian C; Sen PS; Datta S; Ferreira JMF; Basu D (2010). "Development of porous HAp and β-TCP scaffolds by starch consolidation with foaming method and drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold based drug delivery system".
103:
1034:) and in smaller quantities in some other countries. The natural form is not completely pure, and there are some other components like sand and lime which can change the composition. The content of P
518:
475:
647:
875:. is performed under carefully controlled pH conditions. The precipitate will either be "amorphous tricalcium phosphate", ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, CDHA, Ca
855:
It cannot be precipitated directly from aqueous solution. Typically double decomposition reactions are employed, involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts, e.g. (NH
2319:
1403:
520:
1501:
Destainville, A.; Champion, E.; Bernache-Assollant, D.; Laborde, E. (2003). "Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of apatitic tricalcium phosphate".
1078:, causing irreversible decomposition of calcium deficient apatites alternatively termed non-stoichiometric apatites or basic calcium phosphate. An example is:
315:
2406:
2270:"Evaluation of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate mixed with bone marrow aspirate as a bone graft substitute for posterolateral spinal fusion"
891:(OH), (note CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate). Crystalline tricalcium phosphate can be obtained by calcining the precipitate. β-Ca
2153:
2106:
Moore DC, Chapman MW, Manske D (1987). "The evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic for use in grafting long-bone diaphyseal defects".
542:
1294:, a natural analogue of tricalcium orthophosphate(V), is a rare component of some meteorites. Its formation is related to shock metamorphism.
1786:
1718:
1552:
1380:
1355:
1317:
443:
1401:
Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard
Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates".
3278:
1827:"Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions using toothpaste containing tricalcium phosphate and fluoride: an in vitro µCT analysis"
1701:
Daculsi, G.; Legeros, R. (2008). "17 – Tricalcium phosphate / hydroxyapatite biphasic ceramics". In Kokubo, Tadashi (ed.).
1420:
1330:
273:
2219:"Potential of an ultraporous β-tricalcium phosphate synthetic cancellous bone void filler and bone marrow aspirate composite graft"
1535:
Rey, C.; Combes, C.; Drouet, C.; Grossin, D. (2011). "1.111 – Bioactive
Ceramics: Physical Chemistry". In Ducheyne, Paul (ed.).
2399:
2108:
1929:"Improving Oral Health with Fluoride-Free Calcium-Phosphate-Based Biomimetic Toothpastes: An Update of the Clinical Evidence"
2180:
Cao H, Kuboyama N (September 2009). "A biodegradable porous composite scaffold of PGA/β-TCP for bone tissue engineering".
2151:
Lange TA, Zerwekh JE, Peek RD, Mooney V, Harrison BH (1986). "Granular tricalcium phosphate in large cancellous defects".
1802:
Vallet-Regí, M.; Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L.M. (November 1997). "Synthesis and characterisation of calcium deficient apatite".
654:
2063:
Paderni S, Terzi S, Amendola L (September 2009). "Major bone defect treatment with an osteoconductive bone substitute".
1980:"Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"
216:
4285:
4066:
237:
1603:
Yashima, M.; Sakai, A.; Kamiyama, T.; Hoshikawa, A. (2003). "Crystal structure analysis of β-tricalcium phosphate Ca
4275:
2392:
1653:
Carrodeguas, R.G.; De Aza, S. (2011). "α-Tricalcium phosphate: Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications".
2028:
Straub DA (June 2007). "Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and indications".
1439:
El
Moussaoui, Youssef; Terrisse, Hélène; Quillard, Sophie; Ropers, Marie-Hélène; Humbert, Bernard (January 2023).
4122:
4082:
3044:
1218:
528:
173:
918:
An alternative to the wet procedure entails heating a mixture of a calcium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate:
4106:
4074:
3604:
3271:
4217:
4209:
4154:
4050:
1734:
Salinas, Antonio J.; Vallet-Regi, Maria (2013). "Bioactive ceramics: from bone grafts to tissue engineering".
1283:
Porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are employed as drug carrier systems for local drug delivery in bone.
3894:
3573:
723:
It exists as three crystalline polymorphs α, α′, and β. The α and α′ states are stable at high temperatures.
4167:
4146:
4130:
4114:
4098:
4090:
3837:
3589:
3581:
3532:
828:
if the extra ion is mainly hydroxide. Much of the "tricalcium phosphate" on the market is actually powdered
4225:
4138:
4058:
3934:
3826:
161:
3756:
3510:
3460:
3393:
3312:
3182:
2676:
2223:
1233:
600:
592:
412:
3738:
716:). It is a white solid of low solubility. Most commercial samples of "tricalcium phosphate" are in fact
4270:
3726:
3562:
3521:
2866:
2733:
2717:
2671:
2313:
612:
577:
45:
4175:
3863:
3810:
3330:
3875:
4194:
3667:
3651:
3635:
3448:
3378:
3315:
3230:
2905:
2878:
2825:
2453:
1743:
1624:
1291:
4280:
3923:
3844:
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3146:
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2813:
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2473:
1259:
616:
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254:
69:
23:
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3437:
3416:
3363:
3198:
3061:
2984:
2830:
2359:
2133:
2088:
1006:
sources such as mineral rock. Tricalcium phosphate occurs naturally in several forms, including:
1270:
3962:
3699:
3490:
3166:
3122:
3101:
2805:
2797:
2659:
2575:
2554:
2415:
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2301:
2250:
2199:
2162:
2125:
2080:
2045:
2010:
1960:
1909:
1858:
1782:
1714:
1670:
1585:
1548:
1480:
1462:
1416:
1376:
1351:
1326:
1277:
1244:
1189:, e.g. to prevent table salt from caking. The calcium phosphates have been assigned European
987:
849:
732:
3798:
3408:
3352:
3214:
3004:
2925:
2917:
2838:
2754:
2749:
2599:
2546:
2461:
2445:
2437:
2343:
2291:
2281:
2240:
2232:
2191:
2117:
2072:
2037:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1950:
1940:
1899:
1889:
1848:
1838:
1807:
1774:
1751:
1706:
1662:
1632:
1577:
1540:
1510:
1470:
1452:
1408:
1186:
689:
681:
400:
338:
1978:
Bonjour JP, Carrie AL, Ferrari S, Clavien H, Slosman D, Theintz G, Rizzoli R (March 1997).
225:
143:
3713:
3345:
3301:
3020:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2789:
2781:
2647:
2635:
2615:
2591:
2567:
2562:
2493:
2485:
2429:
1252:
1248:
845:
685:
79:
1955:
1928:
1747:
1628:
1475:
1440:
258:
165:
3683:
2850:
2513:
2505:
2296:
2269:
2245:
2218:
2182:
1904:
1877:
1853:
1826:
1778:
1544:
1027:
841:
829:
825:
741:
717:
625:
123:
2005:
1979:
1811:
1636:
1514:
4264:
3497:
2627:
2541:
1266:
1190:
761:
757:
389:
154:
2137:
2092:
1691:"Guide to Food Ingredients". The Vegetarian Resource Group, n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2012.
32:
2363:
1221:
486:
481:
205:
1412:
2268:
Bansal S, Chauhan V, Sharma S, Maheshwari R, Juyal A, Raghuvanshi S (July 2009).
1666:
1581:
2041:
1894:
1710:
1206:
1019:
554:
2195:
1945:
1843:
2347:
2076:
1262:
1214:
1054:
991:
361:
134:
1568:
Dorozhkin, Sergey V. (December 2012). "Amorphous calcium (ortho)phosphates".
1466:
1251:(which can be taken without food). There is some debate about the different
3287:
2286:
1322:
1265:
is not feasible or possible. It may be used alone or in combination with a
1075:
1003:
821:
786:
2355:
2305:
2254:
2203:
2121:
2084:
2049:
1964:
1913:
1862:
1769:
1688:
1674:
1589:
1484:
1441:"The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii))"
740:
refers to numerous materials consisting of calcium ions (Ca) together with
2236:
2166:
2129:
2014:
1457:
1217:. Toothpastes with functionalized β-tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) may help
1210:
999:
817:
813:
541:
534:
527:
500:
2376:
1243:, although the most common and economical forms for supplementation are
1755:
1280:. It may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.
1273:
1258:
It can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when
1011:
790:
678:
379:
192:
174:
1996:
1825:
Hamba H, Nakamura K, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Muramatsu T (October 2020).
1031:
1015:
903:
is generally formed, higher temperatures are required to produce α-Ca
2384:
624:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1023:
292:
InChI=1S/3Ca.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6
282:
InChI=1S/3Ca.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6
114:
102:
92:
1156:β-TCP can contain impurities, for example calcium pyrophosphate,
535:
1240:
1194:
1061:
995:
3260:
2388:
1237:
586:
571:
3256:
2217:
Erbe EM, Marx JG, Clineff TD, Bellincampi LD (October 2001).
1878:"Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care"
242:
840:
Tricalcium phosphate is produced commercially by treating
512:
642:
1185:
Tricalcium phosphate is used in powdered spices as an
57:
Tribasic calcium phosphate, tricalcium bis(phosphate)
2937:
2898:
2774:
2608:
2534:
2422:
1002:). Calcium phosphate is also commonly derived from
1876:Meyer F, Amaechi BT, Fabritius HO, Enax J (2018).
1648:
1646:
204:
1042:in most calcium phosphate rocks is 30% to 40% P
516:
78:
1689:Vegetarian Journal's Guide To Food Ingredients
1496:
1494:
1404:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3272:
2400:
2318:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
8:
1773:. Vol. 18. Elsevier. pp. 111–189.
394:1,670 °C (3,040 °F; 1,940 K)
1703:Bioceramics and their Clinical Applications
1539:. Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 187–281.
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
3279:
3265:
3257:
2407:
2393:
2385:
1350:(99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188.
257:
164:
142:
15:
2295:
2285:
2244:
2154:Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
2004:
1954:
1944:
1927:Limeback H, Enax J, Meyer F (July 2023).
1903:
1893:
1852:
1842:
1705:. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 395–423.
1474:
1456:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1375:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A21.
224:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1302:
320:
278:
253:
3320:
2311:
1247:(which should be taken with food) and
155:
4039:
1348:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1318:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1310:
1308:
1306:
789:ions. Especially, the common mineral
302:Key: QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H
285:Key: QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H
122:
7:
3297:
1434:
1432:
485:
295:Key: QORWJWZARLRLPR-CYFPFDDLAC
195:
1779:10.1016/B978-0-444-81582-8.50008-0
1545:10.1016/B978-0-08-055294-1.00178-1
14:
1321:(97th ed.). Boca Raton, FL:
1615:by neutron powder diffraction".
1315:Haynes, William M., ed. (2016).
1255:of the different calcium salts.
632:
31:
22:
2109:Journal of Orthopaedic Research
1503:Materials Chemistry and Physics
1069:Biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP
628:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2274:Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
1806:. 101–103, Part 2: 1279–1285.
1771:Studies in Inorganic Chemistry
1053:in the skeletons and teeth of
958:Structure of β-, α- and α′- Ca
1:
1812:10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00213-0
1637:10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00279-2
1617:RNAl of Solid State Chemistry
1515:10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00466-2
1413:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3
1346:John Rumble (June 18, 2018).
785:) and occasionally oxide and
1667:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.019
1582:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.031
2042:10.1177/0115426507022003286
1895:10.2174/1874210601812010406
1711:10.1533/9781845694227.2.395
1371:Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009).
4302:
4041:
2196:10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.031
1946:10.3390/biomimetics8040331
1882:The Open Dentistry Journal
1844:10.1186/s12903-020-01286-1
1537:Comprehensive Biomaterials
1373:Chemical Principles 6th Ed
1201:Health and beauty products
730:
706:tribasic calcium phosphate
673:), more commonly known as
366:310.18 g/mol
3322:
3294:
2348:10.1007/s10856-010-4127-0
2336:J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med
2077:10.1007/s12306-009-0028-0
622:
563:
494:
468:
436:
331:
311:
269:
62:
54:
44:
39:
30:
21:
1236:and occurs naturally in
2423:Hydrogen & halogens
2290:(inactive 2024-04-24).
2287:10.4103/0019-5413.49387
1687:Yacoubou, Jeanne, MS.
1407:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
669:(sometimes abbreviated
374:White amorphous powder
2231:(Suppl 2): S141–S146.
2224:European Spine Journal
2122:10.1002/jor.1100050307
1234:nutritional supplement
824:, or a mixture; it is
710:bone phosphate of lime
704:. It is also known as
601:Tripotassium phosphate
593:Trimagnesium phosphate
523:
464:−4126 kJ/mol (α-form)
2237:10.1007/s005860100287
1232:It is also used as a
613:Monocalcium phosphate
578:Calcium pyrophosphate
522:
17:Tricalcium phosphate
1458:10.3390/nano13121823
1205:It is also found in
667:Tricalcium phosphate
505:(fire diamond)
1748:2013RSCAd...311116S
1742:(28): 11116–11131.
1629:2003JSSCh.175..272Y
990:is one of the main
617:Dicalcium phosphate
597:Trisodium phosphate
401:Solubility in water
18:
4286:E-number additives
2065:Musculoskelet Surg
1804:Solid State Ionics
1756:10.1039/C3RA00166K
1655:Acta Biomaterialia
1570:Acta Biomaterialia
1287:Natural occurrence
655:Infobox references
564:Related compounds
524:
413:Solubility product
323:P(=O)().P(=O)()...
16:
4276:Calcium compounds
4258:
4257:
4252:
4251:
3254:
3253:
2775:Group 13 & 14
2416:Calcium compounds
2342:(11): 2955–2969.
1997:10.1172/JCI119287
1788:978-0-444-81582-8
1720:978-1-84569-204-9
1661:(10): 3536–3546.
1576:(12): 4457–4475.
1554:978-0-08-055294-1
1382:978-0-618-94690-7
1357:978-1-138-56163-2
1278:polyglycolic acid
1253:bioavailabilities
1245:calcium carbonate
988:Calcium phosphate
738:Calcium phosphate
733:Calcium phosphate
675:Calcium phosphate
663:Chemical compound
661:
660:
608:Related compounds
238:CompTox Dashboard
104:Interactive image
49:Calcium phosphate
4293:
3298:
3281:
3274:
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2409:
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2380:
2374:
2368:
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2330:
2324:
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2317:
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2299:
2289:
2265:
2259:
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2214:
2208:
2207:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2008:
1991:(6): 1287–1294.
1985:J. Clin. Invest.
1975:
1969:
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1958:
1948:
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1918:
1917:
1907:
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1873:
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1427:
1426:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1325:. p. 4.54.
1312:
1187:anticaking agent
1170:
784:
783:
782:
774:
773:
755:
754:
753:
690:chemical formula
645:
639:
636:
635:
544:
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515:
489:
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437:Thermochemistry
432:
430:
339:Chemical formula
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26:
19:
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2821:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2604:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2558:
2550:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2418:
2413:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2310:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2030:Nutr Clin Pract
2027:
2026:
2022:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1831:BMC Oral Health
1824:
1823:
1819:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1249:calcium citrate
1230:
1203:
1183:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1088:
1071:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
985:
972:
969:
965:
961:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
846:phosphoric acid
838:
804:
800:
796:
781:
778:
777:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
765:
752:
749:
748:
747:
745:
742:orthophosphates
735:
729:
703:
699:
695:
686:phosphoric acid
664:
657:
652:
651:
650: ?)
641:
637:
633:
629:
615:
609:
599:
595:
589:
574:
549:
548:
547:
546:
539:
532:
525:
521:
513:
478:
461:
458:
452:
448:
445:
444:Std enthalpy of
428:
426:
423:
421:
403:
355:
351:
347:
341:
327:
324:
319:
318:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
293:
287:
286:
283:
277:
276:
265:
247:
240:
231:
211:
198:
186:
149:
129:
109:
96:
85:
72:
58:
50:
12:
11:
5:
4299:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2325:
2280:(3): 234–239.
2260:
2209:
2190:(2): 386–395.
2172:
2161:(6): 467–472.
2143:
2116:(3): 356–365.
2098:
2055:
2036:(3): 286–296.
2020:
1970:
1919:
1868:
1817:
1794:
1787:
1761:
1726:
1719:
1693:
1680:
1642:
1623:(2): 272–277.
1612:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1560:
1553:
1520:
1509:(1): 269–277.
1490:
1428:
1422:978-3527306732
1421:
1388:
1381:
1363:
1356:
1338:
1331:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1288:
1285:
1229:
1226:
1202:
1199:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
984:
981:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
842:hydroxyapatite
837:
834:
830:hydroxyapatite
826:hydroxyapatite
802:
798:
794:
793:has formula Ca
779:
770:
762:pyrophosphates
758:metaphosphates
750:
731:Main article:
728:
725:
718:hydroxyapatite
701:
697:
693:
662:
659:
658:
653:
631:
630:
626:standard state
623:
620:
619:
610:
607:
604:
603:
590:
584:
581:
580:
575:
569:
566:
565:
561:
560:
559:Non-flammable
557:
551:
550:
540:
533:
526:
511:
510:
509:
508:
506:
497:
496:
492:
491:
479:
474:
471:
470:
466:
465:
462:
456:
450:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
424:
419:
411:
408:
407:
404:
399:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:
337:
334:
333:
329:
328:
326:
325:
322:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
306:
305:
301:
300:
298:
294:
291:
290:
288:
284:
281:
280:
272:
271:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
250:
248:
236:
233:
232:
230:
229:
221:
219:
213:
212:
210:
209:
201:
199:
191:
188:
187:
185:
184:
180:
178:
170:
169:
159:
151:
150:
148:
147:
139:
137:
131:
130:
128:
127:
119:
117:
111:
110:
108:
107:
99:
97:
90:
87:
86:
84:
83:
75:
73:
68:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4298:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3945:
3943:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3874:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3809:
3807:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3737:
3735:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3682:
3680:
3666:
3664:
3650:
3648:
3634:
3632:
3625:
3611:
3609:
3602:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3541:
3530:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3435:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3391:
3376:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3247:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3211:
3197:
3195:
3181:
3179:
3165:
3163:
3145:
3143:
3121:
3119:
3100:
3098:
3080:
3078:
3060:
3058:
3043:
3041:
3019:
3017:
3003:
3001:
2983:
2981:
2967:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2877:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2732:
2730:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2692:
2690:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:Nanomaterials
1442:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1332:9781498754293
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:biodegradable
1264:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:food additive
1188:
1181:Food additive
1180:
1175:
1173:
1140:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:as a rock in
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
980:
976:
957:
921:
920:
919:
916:
853:
851:
847:
843:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
792:
788:
763:
759:
743:
739:
734:
726:
724:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
656:
649:
644:
627:
621:
618:
614:
611:
606:
605:
602:
598:
594:
591:
588:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
568:
567:
562:
558:
556:
553:
552:
545:
538:
531:
507:
504:
503:
499:
498:
493:
488:
483:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:Pharmacology
467:
463:
455:
447:
441:
440:
435:
425:
418:
414:
410:
409:
405:
402:
398:
397:
393:
391:
390:Melting point
388:
387:
383:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
360:
359:
343:
340:
336:
335:
330:
321:
317:
310:
299:
289:
279:
275:
268:
260:
256:
255:DTXSID1049803
252:
251:
249:
239:
235:
234:
227:
223:
222:
220:
218:
215:
214:
207:
203:
202:
200:
194:
190:
189:
182:
181:
179:
177:
172:
171:
167:
163:
160:
158:
156:ECHA InfoCard
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
138:
136:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
118:
116:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
98:
94:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
53:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
4271:Biomaterials
3544:
2899:Trans metals
2693:
2379:. Mindat.org
2372:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2314:cite journal
2277:
2273:
2263:
2228:
2222:
2212:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2071:(2): 89–96.
2068:
2064:
2058:
2033:
2029:
2023:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1803:
1797:
1770:
1764:
1739:
1736:RSC Advances
1735:
1729:
1702:
1696:
1683:
1658:
1654:
1620:
1616:
1598:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1536:
1506:
1502:
1451:(12): 1823.
1448:
1444:
1402:
1372:
1366:
1347:
1341:
1316:
1290:
1282:
1257:
1231:
1222:tooth enamel
1219:remineralize
1204:
1184:
1155:
1138:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1085:
1072:
994:products of
986:
977:
973:
917:
854:
839:
809:
805:
737:
736:
727:Nomenclature
722:
713:
709:
705:
674:
670:
666:
665:
501:
453:
416:
63:Identifiers
55:Other names
1933:Biomimetics
1888:: 406–423.
1207:baby powder
1020:Philippines
850:slaked lime
836:Preparation
555:Flash point
371:Appearance
332:Properties
162:100.028.946
4281:Phosphates
4265:Categories
3288:Phosphates
2609:Pnictogens
2535:Chalcogens
1939:(4): 331.
1837:(1): 292.
1298:References
1271:resorbable
1263:bone graft
1260:autogenous
1228:Biomedical
1215:toothpaste
1055:vertebrate
1050:by weight.
992:combustion
983:Occurrence
970:polymorphs
406:1.2 mg/kg
384:3.14 g/cm
362:Molar mass
226:K4C08XP666
135:ChemSpider
124:CHEBI:9679
91:3D model (
70:CAS Number
46:IUPAC name
1467:2079-4991
1323:CRC Press
1076:sintering
1004:inorganic
787:hydroxide
688:with the
446:formation
183:231-840-8
175:EC Number
80:7758-87-4
2938:Organics
2356:20644982
2306:19838344
2255:11716011
2204:19800045
2138:41579389
2093:33413039
2085:19711008
2050:17507729
1965:37622936
1956:10452078
1914:29988215
1863:33109184
1675:21712105
1590:20609395
1485:37368253
1476:10303396
1276:such as
1211:antacids
1000:bone ash
808:, where
502:NFPA 704
495:Hazards
490:)
476:ATC code
4042:
2454:Ca(ClO)
2364:6483779
2297:2762171
2246:3611552
2167:3541772
2130:3040949
2015:9077538
1905:5997847
1854:7590595
1744:Bibcode
1625:Bibcode
1274:polymer
1193:number
1057:animals
1012:Morocco
867:+ Ca(NO
791:apatite
679:calcium
677:, is a
648:what is
646: (
587:cations
484: (
482:A12AA01
380:Density
356:
193:PubChem
2957:Ca(HCO
2906:Ca(MnO
2814:Ca(HCO
2790:Ca(CN)
2555:Ca(OH)
2494:Ca(BrO
2474:Ca(ClO
2462:Ca(ClO
2362:
2354:
2304:
2294:
2253:
2243:
2202:
2165:
2136:
2128:
2091:
2083:
2048:
2013:
2006:507944
2003:
1963:
1953:
1912:
1902:
1861:
1851:
1785:
1717:
1673:
1588:
1551:
1483:
1473:
1465:
1419:
1379:
1354:
1329:
1032:Russia
1026:, and
1016:Israel
938:→ Ca
643:verify
640:
585:Other
572:anions
570:Other
316:SMILES
206:516943
40:Names
2969:Ca(CH
2926:CaTiO
2918:CaCrO
2710:CaHPO
2648:Ca(NO
2636:Ca(NO
2514:Ca(IO
2377:Tuite
2360:S2CID
2134:S2CID
2089:S2CID
1292:Tuite
1117:→ (1−
1024:Egypt
998:(see
844:with
274:InChI
144:22864
115:ChEBI
93:JSmol
4226:CmPO
4218:AmPO
4210:PuPO
4195:U(PO
4168:AcPO
4155:YbPO
4147:TmPO
4139:ErPO
4131:HoPO
4123:DyPO
4115:TbPO
4107:GdPO
4099:EuPO
4091:SmPO
4083:PmPO
4075:NdPO
4067:PrPO
4059:CePO
4051:LaPO
3963:BiPO
3924:AuPO
3895:LuPO
3845:-SbO
3838:SbPO
3827:InPO
3700:GaPO
3628:FePO
3605:MnPO
3582:CrPO
3563:ScPO
3477:AlPO
3082:Ca(C
3062:Ca(C
2985:Ca(C
2867:CaAl
2831:CaSi
2826:CaSi
2806:CaCO
2798:CaCN
2759:(AsO
2750:CaAs
2718:Ca(H
2600:CaSe
2592:CaSO
2568:CaSO
2526:CaCl
2486:CaBr
2446:CaCl
2352:PMID
2320:link
2302:PMID
2251:PMID
2200:PMID
2183:Bone
2163:PMID
2126:PMID
2081:PMID
2046:PMID
2011:PMID
1961:PMID
1910:PMID
1859:PMID
1783:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1671:PMID
1586:PMID
1549:ISBN
1481:PMID
1463:ISSN
1417:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1241:milk
1213:and
1195:E341
1176:Uses
1133:(OH)
1121:) Ca
1110:(OH)
1100:(HPO
1062:milk
1028:Kola
996:bone
950:+ CO
926:+ Ca
922:CaCO
883:)(PO
879:(HPO
848:and
708:and
682:salt
427:2.07
217:UNII
4248:No
4245:Md
4242:Fm
4239:Es
4236:Cf
4233:Bk
4206:Np
4191:Pa
4180:(PO
4164:**
4035:Og
4032:Ts
4029:Lv
4026:Mc
4023:Fl
4020:Nh
4017:Cn
4014:Rg
4011:Ds
4008:Mt
4005:Hs
4002:Bh
3999:Sg
3996:Db
3993:Rf
3990:Lr
3987:**
3984:Ra
3981:Fr
3976:Rn
3973:At
3970:Po
3951:(PO
3931:Hg
3920:Pt
3917:Ir
3914:Os
3911:Re
3905:Ta
3902:Hf
3880:(PO
3858:Xe
3852:Te
3834:Sn
3815:(PO
3795:Pd
3792:Rh
3789:Ru
3786:Tc
3783:Mo
3780:Nb
3769:(PO
3757:YPO
3743:(PO
3721:Kr
3718:Br
3714:-Se
3710:As
3707:Ge
3688:(PO
3672:(PO
3656:(PO
3640:(PO
3617:(PO
3594:(PO
3574:VPO
3570:Ti
3549:(PO
3526:HPO
3505:Ar
3502:Cl
3491:+SO
3484:Si
3465:(PO
3449:NaH
3442:HPO
3421:Ne
3387:HPO
3379:(NH
3364:(NH
3353:+BO
3346:BPO
3342:Be
3325:He
3243:CaO
3223:CaO
3207:CaO
3191:CaO
3175:CaO
3155:CaN
3123:CaC
3110:CaN
3053:CaO
3005:CaC
2945:CaC
2855:(BO
2843:SiO
2782:CaC
2698:(PO
2681:(PO
2672:CaP
2628:CaN
2576:CaH
2563:CaS
2547:CaO
2542:CaO
2506:CaI
2438:CaF
2430:CaH
2344:doi
2292:PMC
2282:doi
2241:PMC
2233:doi
2192:doi
2118:doi
2073:doi
2038:doi
2001:PMC
1993:doi
1951:PMC
1941:doi
1900:PMC
1890:doi
1849:PMC
1839:doi
1808:doi
1775:doi
1752:doi
1707:doi
1663:doi
1633:doi
1621:175
1607:(PO
1578:doi
1541:doi
1511:doi
1471:PMC
1453:doi
1409:doi
1238:cow
1145:(PO
1137:+ 3
1125:(PO
1089:(PO
1084:10−
1060:in
962:(PO
942:(PO
907:(PO
895:(PO
863:HPO
812:is
797:(PO
760:or
756:),
714:BPL
696:(PO
684:of
671:TCP
487:WHO
457:298
348:(PO
243:EPA
196:CID
4267::
4176:Th
4047:*
3947:Pb
3939:PO
3935:Tl
3908:W
3891:*
3876:Ba
3868:PO
3864:Cs
3855:I
3811:Cd
3803:PO
3799:Ag
3765:Zr
3739:Sr
3731:PO
3727:Rb
3684:Zn
3668:Cu
3652:Ni
3636:Co
3613:Fe
3590:Mn
3545:Ca
3537:PO
3533:KH
3515:PO
3498:-S
3487:P
3461:Mg
3453:PO
3438:Na
3431:PO
3427:Na
3417:+F
3413:O
3409:-N
3402:PO
3394:NH
3372:PO
3360:C
3335:PO
3331:Li
3306:PO
3245:24
3237:40
3233:24
3221:70
3217:36
3209:19
3205:32
3201:18
3193:16
3189:26
3185:14
3177:14
3173:22
3169:12
3153:16
3149:10
3139:PO
3129:12
3125:10
3108:11
3104:10
3074:S)
3025:(C
3021:Ca
2973:CO
2883:Al
2879:Ca
2851:Ca
2839:Ca
2755:Ca
2734:Ca
2722:PO
2694:Ca
2677:Ca
2660:Ca
2616:Ca
2358:.
2350:.
2340:21
2338:.
2316:}}
2312:{{
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2278:43
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2272:.
2249:.
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2069:93
2067:.
2044:.
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2032:.
2009:.
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1982:.
1959:.
1949:.
1935:.
1931:.
1908:.
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1884:.
1880:.
1857:.
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1835:20
1833:.
1829:.
1781:.
1750:.
1738:.
1713:.
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1657:.
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852:.
832:.
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818:Cl
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692:Ca
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431:10
422:)
420:sp
344:Ca
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1143:3
1139:δ
1135:2
1131:6
1129:)
1127:4
1119:δ
1114:δ
1107:δ
1104:)
1102:4
1097:δ
1093:)
1091:4
1086:δ
1064:.
1048:5
1046:O
1044:2
1040:5
1038:O
1036:2
1030:(
968:2
966:)
964:4
960:3
952:2
948:2
946:)
944:4
940:3
936:7
934:O
932:2
930:P
928:2
924:3
913:2
911:)
909:4
905:3
901:2
899:)
897:4
893:3
889:5
887:)
885:4
881:4
877:9
873:2
871:)
869:3
865:4
861:2
859:)
857:4
814:F
810:X
806:X
803:3
801:)
799:4
795:5
780:7
775:O
771:2
766:P
764:(
751:4
744:(
712:(
702:2
700:)
698:4
694:3
638:Y
543:0
536:0
529:1
459:)
454:H
451:f
429:×
417:K
415:(
354:2
352:)
350:4
346:3
245:)
241:(
95:)
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