230:
137:
24:
516:
1058:
590:-axis against each other. DTGS and DLATGS materials are derivatives of TGS which have better pyroelectric properties and give less detector noise as can be shown in the following table.
1464:
1426:
838:
The typical performance and pyroelectric properties of DLATGS detectors of 1.3 and 2.0 mm in diameter of the element size are shown in the table below.
266:
94:
983:
586:
and G2-G3 layers are stacked alternately. The nearest two neighboring layers with identical chemical composition are rotated 180° around the
1484:
244:
1011:
Subramanian
Balakumar and Hua C. Zeng (2000). "Water-assisted reconstruction on ferroelectric domain ends of triglycine sulfate (NH
464:. The empirical formula of TGS does not represent the molecular structure, which contains protonated glycine moieties and
1149:
Choudhury, Rajul Ranjan; Chitra, R. (2008). "Single crystal neutron diffraction study of triglycine sulphate revisited".
425:
187:
208:
542:
and therefore are pyroelectric and ferroelectric at room temperature, exhibiting spontaneous polarization along the
476:, the crystal properties are improved and the new material is called Deuterated L-Alanine doped Triglycine Sulfate (
550:
of the ferroelectric transition is 49 °C for TGS and 62 °C for DTGS. The crystal structure consists of SO
144:
1355:
1260:
132:
497:
36:
1316:
1238:
Pyroelectric materials for uncooled infrared detectors : processing, properties, and applications
1207:
1160:
1123:
1088:
878:
225:
60:
1356:"Pyroelectric materials for uncooled infrared detectors: processing, properties, and applications"
1407:
1288:
1176:
1489:
1437:
1399:
1336:
1242:
1151:
979:
973:
547:
532:
501:
363:
1389:
1328:
1215:
1168:
1131:
1096:
1040:
489:
390:
289:
23:
196:
114:
1449:
975:
Dielectric phenomena in solids: with emphasis on physical concepts of electronic processes
485:
70:
1211:
1164:
1127:
1092:
229:
136:
472:; alternatively, DTGS may refer to doped TGS. By doping the DTGS with the amino acid L-
419:
1354:
Aggarwal, M.D.; Batra, A.K.; Guggilla, P.; Edwards, M.E.; Penn, B.G.; Currie Jr, J.R.
1332:
1478:
1411:
1180:
1135:
571:
524:
493:
125:
862:
V/W at 1 kHz
574:. These bonds are easily broken by the polar molecules of water, which leads to the
1076:
500:
and night vision applications. TGS detectors have also been used as the target in
176:
535:
375:
1241:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center.
1220:
1195:
1172:
575:
507:
TGS has a critical point for the order parameter of polarization, at 322.5 K.
326:
105:
1403:
1340:
1246:
1100:
253:
InChI=1S/3C2H5NO2.H2O4S/c3*3-1-2(4)5;1-5(2,3)4/h3*1,3H2,(H,4,5);(H2,1,2,3,4)
515:
468:
ions. TGS with protons replaced by deuterium is called deuterated TGS or
1059:"Pyroelectric Detectors: Materials, Applications, and Working Principle"
1394:
1377:
1114:
Pandya, G. R.; Vyas, D.D (1980). "Crystallization of glycine-sulfate".
528:
473:
465:
347:
163:
145:
1465:"D31 / LT31 Series Single Channel Voltage Mode Pyroelectric Detectors"
594:
Ferroelectric properties of pure and doped triglycine sulfate crystal
1236:
1044:
523:
TGS crystals may be formed by evaporation of an aqueous solution of
418:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
842:
Typical performance and pyroelectric properties of DLATGS detector
514:
93:
83:
578:
of TGS – its crystals are easily etched by water. Along the
213:
1317:"Growth and stability of pure and amino doped TGS crystals"
562:
COOH) (G1 and G2 in the crystal-structure diagram), and NH
411:α = 90°, β = 110°, γ = 90°
1077:"Critical Behavior of Ferroelectric Triglycine Sulfate"
519:
Crystal structure of TGS. Hydrogen atoms are not shown.
1315:
Aravazhi, S; Jayavel, R; Subramanian, C (1997-10-15).
1196:"Monoclinic glycine sulfate: crystallographic data"
1261:"Development of improved Pyroelectric Detectors"
870:at 1 kHz
175:
69:
8:
444:) is a chemical compound with a formula (NH
228:
135:
113:
15:
1393:
1219:
195:
840:
592:
527:and a greater than three-fold excess of
964:
834:Typical performance of DLATGS detectors
818:AC Resistivity at 1 kHz (Ω.cm×10)
271:
249:
224:
1445:
1435:
274:O=C(O)CN.O=S(=O)(O)O.O=C(O)CN.O=C(O)CN
126:
7:
1006:
1004:
1002:
166:
661:Dielectric Constant at 1 kHz
570:COO (G3) species held together by
14:
1194:Wood, E.A.; Holden, A.N. (1957).
978:. Academic Press. pp. 318–.
675:Spontaneous Polarization (μC/cm)
1376:Srinivasan, M. R. (1984-05-01).
511:Crystal structure and properties
307:
301:
22:
1321:Materials Chemistry and Physics
790:Volume Specific Heat (J/ cm.K)
689:Coercive electric field (V/cm)
639:Temperature of measurement (C)
422:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
319:
313:
295:
1:
1382:Bulletin of Materials Science
1333:10.1016/S0254-0584(97)01939-1
1075:Gonzalo, J. A. (1966-04-15).
404: = 1.2643 nm,
400: = 0.9417 nm,
1136:10.1016/0022-0248(80)90150-5
697:Inherent bias field (kV/cm)
408: = 0.5735 nm
1506:
504:cathode ray imager tubes.
492:which allows their use as
1485:Infrared sensor materials
1363:NASA Technical Memorandum
1221:10.1107/S0365110X57000481
1173:10.1007/s12043-008-0199-5
1116:Journal of Crystal Growth
846:
713:
691:
641:
416:
356:
282:
262:
240:
53:
45:
35:
30:
21:
1378:"Pyroelectric materials"
1289:"Pyroelectric materials"
719:Figure of Merits (FOMs)
546:-axis ( direction). The
1235:Aggarwal, M.D. (2010).
1101:10.1103/PhysRev.144.662
711:Dielectric loss tan δ
647:Curie temperature (C)
520:
484:). These crystals are
972:Kwan-Chi Kao (2004).
860:Voltage responsivity
531:. They belong to the
518:
498:infrared spectroscopy
40:Glycine sulfate (3:1)
48:Glycine sulfate; TGS
1463:Components, Laser.
1425:Company, Leonardo.
1212:1957AcCry..10..145W
1165:2009Prama..71..911C
1128:1980JCrGr..50..870P
1093:1966PhRv..144..662G
917:10.6 (at 20 μm)
843:
595:
334: g·mol
18:
17:Triglycine sulfate
1448:has generic name (
1427:"DLATGS Detectors"
1395:10.1007/BF02743905
847:Element size (mm)
841:
634:20% wt. L-Alanine
593:
521:
438:Triglycine sulfate
426:Infobox references
16:
985:978-0-12-396561-5
956:
955:
946:25 (at 25 μm)
940:2.00E-8 Maximum
911:3.00E-8 Maximum
876:D* at 1 kHz
831:
830:
548:Curie temperature
434:Chemical compound
432:
431:
364:Crystal structure
209:CompTox Dashboard
95:Interactive image
1497:
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1200:Acta Crystallogr
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1045:10.1039/A907937H
1008:
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844:
631:O as a solvent
596:
582:-axis, the G1-SO
391:Lattice constant
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290:Chemical formula
233:
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1081:Physical Review
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872:(1 Hz BW)
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804:Density (g/cm)
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1417:
1388:(2): 317–325.
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1346:
1327:(3): 233–237.
1307:
1280:
1252:
1227:
1206:(2): 145–146.
1186:
1159:(5): 911–915.
1141:
1122:(4): 870–872.
1106:
1087:(2): 662–665.
1067:
1050:
1039:(3): 651–656.
1033:J. Mater. Chem
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494:photodetector
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490:ferroelectric
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127:ECHA InfoCard
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1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1270:. 1972-02-29
1267:
1255:
1237:
1230:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1084:
1080:
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1032:
989:. Retrieved
974:
967:
892:
881:(cmHz1/2/W)
877:
871:
861:
855:
837:
783:
780:
777:
772:
769:
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720:
714:~1×10-10×10
614:
609:
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587:
579:
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522:
506:
496:elements in
486:pyroelectric
481:
477:
469:
441:
437:
436:
405:
401:
397:
54:Identifiers
46:Other names
1446:|last=
1031:crystals".
879:Detectivity
856:1 kHz
536:space group
376:Space group
369:Monoclinic
339:Appearance
283:Properties
133:100.007.414
1479:Categories
1301:2024-07-26
1274:2024-07-24
959:References
751:(nC/cm.K)
740:(nC/cm.K)
729:(nC/cm.K)
357:Structure
327:Molar mass
197:NEQ4Q0R0YA
106:ChemSpider
82:3D model (
61:CAS Number
37:IUPAC name
1412:189911723
1404:0973-7669
1341:0254-0584
1247:754804811
1181:122953651
952:4.50E-10
923:4.50E-10
759:0.5-1.14
692:165 V/cm
154:208-154-2
146:EC Number
1490:Sulfates
1438:cite web
943:3.50E+8
934:3.20E-5
931:Typical
914:2.70E+8
905:3.20E-5
902:Typical
893:(W/√Hz)
762:0.4-121
703:0.664-5
700:0.664-5
667:18-22.5
600:Material
71:513-29-1
1208:Bibcode
1161:Bibcode
1152:Pramana
1124:Bibcode
1089:Bibcode
885:C (pF)
749:p/√ε ′′
621:Doping
529:glycine
502:vidicon
474:Alanine
466:sulfate
348:Density
164:PubChem
1410:
1402:
1339:
1245:
1179:
991:12 May
982:
949:0.003
920:0.003
888:tan δ
767:25-70
756:16-45
670:18-22
664:22-35
656:58-62
653:57-62
615:DLATGS
554:, 2(NH
478:DLATGS
332:323.27
267:SMILES
31:Names
1430:(PDF)
1408:S2CID
1359:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1177:S2CID
1062:(PDF)
1019:COOH)
807:1.66
781:1.13
678:2.75
533:polar
482:DLTGS
452:COOH)
245:InChI
177:10551
115:10111
84:JSmol
1450:help
1400:ISSN
1337:ISSN
1243:OCLC
993:2011
980:ISBN
928:2.0
899:1.3
891:NEP
827:2.4
821:1.7
813:1.7
810:1.7
799:2.7
796:2.5
793:2.5
770:1.4
738:p/ε´
706:2-5
681:2.6
610:DTGS
488:and
470:DTGS
188:UNII
1390:doi
1329:doi
1216:doi
1169:doi
1132:doi
1097:doi
1085:144
1041:doi
937:30
908:50
854:at
852:out
778:25
650:49
642:25
605:TGS
480:or
442:TGS
214:EPA
167:CID
1481::
1442::
1440:}}
1436:{{
1406:.
1398:.
1384:.
1380:.
1361:.
1335:.
1325:50
1323:.
1319:.
1294:.
1266:.
1214:.
1204:10
1202:.
1198:.
1175:.
1167:.
1157:71
1155:.
1130:.
1118:.
1095:.
1083:.
1079:.
1037:10
1035:.
1027:SO
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