1220:"n Kalidas's Meghadootam and later Sandeshakavyas, in the descriptions of holy places like in Namdev's Tirthayatra in Marathi, in Vidyapati's 14th century Sanskrit work Bhuparikrama, in the 18th century Asamiya work Tripura Buranji by Ratna Kandali and Arjundas Bairagi and the like. The last-named work is especially interesting where envoys of King Rudra Sinha (1696-1714) of Assam were sent to the court of Ratnamanikya, the King of Tripura, to seek support for the proposed invasion of Bengal in 1714. As K. Satchidanandan writes, "These envoys who went on foot along with escorts to Tripura through Cachar and the foothills of Mizoram have carefully recorded in the racy style of medieval chronicles, the landscape, habits, dress, manners and beliefs of the people, deities and temples and the intrigues for the throne within the court of Tripura." (
1152:"There are Tai-Ahom Buranji chronicles written primarily in a Tai language called Ahom, not spoken for some 200 years, and Assamese Buranji chronicles written in the living Indo-Aryan language of Assamese. ... According to Wichasin, there are two types of Tai-Ahom chronicles: official and family. The latter were begun in the sixteenth century A.D. The official type trace their genesis to the appearance of the Tai-Mau chieftain Sukapha and a band of some 10,000 followers in Sadyia, a point in the northern reaches of the Bhramaputra Valley in the reputed year of 1228 A.D" (
1165:"For, information about the rest of India and especially about the neighbouring regions, was eagerly sought after and faithfully recorded in the royally-approved histories like the Padshah Buranji, Kachari Buranji, Jaintia Buranji and the Tripura Buranji Visitors and messengers from the Ahom kingdom to other parts of India were'also required to write out detailed accounts of the government, administration and economy of the lands they visited." (
1204:"The history of North East India is primarily based on a valuable document known as Buranjis. The historicity of the Buranjis cannot be underestimated. Tripura Buranji popularly known as Tripura Desar Kathar Lekha, the name by which the original manuscript is known bears testimony about the history of the region of a crucial period. We are fortunate that there is a Tripura Buranji written by Ratna Kandali and Arjundas Kataki. (
1280:"Let us take for example the confidential letter of Sargadeo Rudra Singha Ruler of Assam had sent to the Tripura King Ratna Manikya which will show the highest standard of protocol being maintained in sending diplomatic missions at a time when the rules of international law were just taking shape and the work of Hugo Grotius was to receive the wide publicity that it afterwards came to have." (
1139:"The Library of British Museum preserves a manuscript since January 8, 1842 written on Sanchi-Pat made of the bark of aloes wood. It was written in Assamese language by two emissaries of Ahomraj Maharaja Rudra Singha (1696ñ1714 AD) namely Ratna Kandali Sarma Kataki and Arjun Das Bairagi Kataki who were sent to the court of Maharaj Ratna Manikya, 1698–1772 AD of Tripura." (
724:
1293:"The Assamese envoys reported that the spring Festival had all its regal splendour around it. The King himself in a ceremonial procession used to go to river Gomati with ten thousand followers and ceremonially dressed royal officials and enjoyed the festival of colours with heart's content, 'Tripura Buranji, chap. vi, pp. 15-16."(
1178:"Dr. Surjya Kumar Bhuyan described the book in the following words "on the whole 'Tripura Buranji' constitutes a distinct landmark in the history of Assamese prose and Assamese historical literature with regard both to its contents and expression, occupying a position far above the average Buranji." (
992:
was written in 1724 by the envoys of the Ahom kingdom, Ratna
Kandali Sarma Kataki and Arjun Das Bairagi Kataki. It describes three diplomatic missions that was sent to the Twipra kingdom, two return missions accompanied by Tripuri envoys, incidental descriptions of palaces, ceremonies and customs;
1266:
to
Sargadeo Rudra Singh 'insinuating' thereby that the Ahom Monarch was subordinate to the government of Moghuls. Rudra Singh was 'therefore' keen on organising a formidable confederacy against the Moghuls whom he described as 'enemies of Hinduism'. He despatched his envoys to the Rajas of Morang,
1119:"Tripura Buranji popularly known as Tripura Desar Kathar Lekha, the name by which the original manuscript is known bears testimony about the history of the region of a crucial period. We are fortunate that there is a Tripura Buranji written by Ratna Kandali and Arjundas Kataki." (
1031:
Writers such as
Chaudhuri and Sarkar consider the little-known document to be a significant source of extant events in Tripura. Besides, as N K Bhattacharya avers, it is a remarkable example of pre-colonial travel writing among such other writings as Kalidasa's
1095:
It describes "the landscape, habits, dress, manners and beliefs of the people, deities and temples and the intrigues for the throne within the court of
Tripura." The strict protocols governing the diplomatic missions of the
1352:
Hartmann, John F. (7 April 2011). "Phongsawadan Tai-Ahom: Ahom
Buranji , 2 Vols. Transcribed and translated by Renu Wichasin. Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing Ltd. Pp. xxiv, 993 . Map, Photos, Tables, Glossary. ".
1066:
from J. Rodd on 8 January 1842. According to Bhuyan who has examined the manuscript, "the writings are legible, the words are separated and the divisions clearly marked"; and the handwriting displays cautious penmanship.
1062:
made from the bark of the Aloe tree. Each folio had five lines of text on both sides and the 108th folio was missing. A table of contents existed at the end. The manuscript was purchased by the
1087:(and Morang, Bana-Vishnupur, Nadiya, Cooch Behar, Burdwan, and Barahanagar) kingdom to remove the Mughals from Bengal. There were three missions between the years 1709 and 1715.
1036:
etc. that describes "the landscape, habits, dress, manners and beliefs of the people, deities and temples and the intrigues for the throne within the court of
Tripura."
690:
959:
1267:
Bana-Vishnupur, Nadiya, Cooch Behar, Burdwan, Barahanagar and
Tripura seeking their support and cooperation in the fight against the invaders." (
1051:
Tripura Desar Kathar Lekha: Sri-Sri-Rudra Singha
Maharaja-dewe Tripura Desar Raja Ratna Manikya sahit priti-purbak kataki gatagata kara katha
1028:, who had edited this as well as many other Buranjis, considered it to enjoy an exalted position among similar class of writings.
1429:
683:
578:
922:
568:
1424:
1419:
952:
676:
927:
707:
1262:"King Rudra Singha was extremely annoyed with the Governor of Bengal, Nawab Murshid Kuli Khan who used to send
590:
558:
45:
528:
932:
791:
518:
1104:
kingdoms are described. A spring festival, as celebrated by the Twipra king and his subjects is noted of.
945:
1414:
1075:
The diplomatic missions that constitute the core of the accounts in this document were triggered by the
898:
538:
508:
488:
478:
438:
1024:
are official reports of neighboring kingdoms that the Ahom court sanctioned and maintained for record.
1333:
738:
468:
153:
133:
548:
498:
1374:
Misra, Tilottama (1985). "Social
Criticism in Nineteenth Century Assamese Writing: The Orunodoi".
1383:
1320:
1025:
839:
29:
21:
1045:
786:
665:
363:
343:
233:
213:
163:
1362:
998:
994:
715:
633:
625:
448:
398:
333:
323:
313:
303:
103:
73:
985:
609:
413:
373:
283:
273:
263:
83:
1101:
1084:
1063:
880:
862:
857:
819:
814:
809:
776:
748:
743:
428:
383:
253:
223:
183:
173:
123:
93:
1343:
Chaudhuri, Bikach (2016), "Tripura: A Peep into the Past", in Poddar, Satyadeo (ed.),
1408:
753:
353:
193:
113:
1012:, of which there are two types—official and family. The Tripura Buranji, along with
1097:
1080:
1076:
1009:
981:
829:
824:
293:
203:
143:
57:
834:
1366:
641:
723:
771:
617:
1395:
Sarkar, I (2016), "Manuscripts and
History", in Poddar, Satyadeo (ed.),
1324:
1387:
1005:
989:
903:
649:
781:
997:(1684–1712) deposed by his step-brother Ghanashyam Barthakur, later
993:
and it also provides an eye witness account of the Twipra king
1347:, New Delhi: National Mission for Manuscripts, pp. 26–28
1245:
1243:
1399:, New Delhi: National Mission for Manuscripts, pp. 5–6
1004:
This manuscript falls under the class of documents called
1311:
Bhattacharjee, N K (2003). "From the Editor's Desk".
980:
is an account of the diplomatic contacts between the
1397:
History of Tripura: As Reflected in the Manuscripts
1345:
History of Tripura: As Reflected in the Manuscripts
603:
589:
577:
567:
557:
547:
537:
527:
517:
507:
497:
487:
477:
467:
457:
447:
437:
427:
412:
397:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
322:
312:
302:
292:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
192:
182:
172:
162:
152:
142:
132:
122:
112:
102:
92:
82:
72:
56:
20:
1056:
1049:
973:
1221:
953:
684:
8:
1216:
1214:
1083:'s desire to create a confederacy with the
1054:, comprising about 146 folios (4"x17") of
1008:, a tradition of chronicle writing of the
960:
946:
702:
691:
677:
40:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1192:
1179:
1140:
1153:
1112:
913:
714:
1250:
1234:
1205:
1120:
17:
1166:
7:
1332:Bhuyan, S K (1938). "Introduction".
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1355:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
14:
1338:. Gauhati, Assam: Govt of Assam.
722:
1:
1376:Economic and Political Weekly
1044:The manuscript is written in
418:
403:
388:
62:
988:between 1709 and 1715. The
579:Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya
1319:(6). Sahitya Akademi: 5–7.
1446:
569:Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya
1367:10.1017/S002246340001554X
672:
664:
656:
648:
640:
632:
624:
616:
608:
52:
43:
39:
35:
27:
620:(Capital of the kingdom)
559:Birendra Kishore Manikya
1430:Assamese-language books
595:1978–present (titular)
529:Krishna Kishore Manikya
1057:
1050:
974:
899:Kamarupa inscriptions
604:Tripura monarchy data
591:Kirit Pradyot Manikya
539:Ishan Chandra Manikya
519:Kashi Chandra Manikya
1048:and bears the title
739:Pragjyotisha kingdom
585:1949–1978 (titular)
549:Bir Chandra Manikya
1425:History of Tripura
1420:Indian manuscripts
1222:Bhattacharjee 2003
1026:Surya Kumar Bhuyan
840:Moamoria rebellion
509:Rama Ganga Manikya
489:Rama Ganga Manikya
479:Rajdhar Manikya II
439:Vijaya Manikya III
30:History of Tripura
22:Kingdom of Tripura
1382:(37): 1558–1566.
1313:Indian Literature
970:
969:
787:Mlechchha dynasty
754:Sonitpura kingdom
701:
700:
666:Chaturdasa Devata
652:(Royal chronicle)
644:(Royal residence)
636:(Royal residence)
628:(Royal residence)
599:
598:
364:Dharma Manikya II
344:Dharma Manikya II
234:Yashodhar Manikya
214:Rajdhar Manikya I
164:Vijaya Manikya II
1437:
1400:
1391:
1370:
1348:
1339:
1328:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1124:
1117:
1060:
1053:
999:Mahendra Manikya
995:Ratna Manikya II
979:
962:
955:
948:
772:Kamarupa kingdom
726:
716:History of Assam
703:
693:
686:
679:
668:(Family deities)
634:Pushbanta Palace
626:Ujjayanta Palace
449:Lakshman Manikya
423:
420:
408:
407: 1744–1746
405:
399:Indra Manikya II
393:
392: 1739–1744
390:
334:Mahendra Manikya
324:Ratna Manikya II
314:Narendra Manikya
304:Ratna Manikya II
104:Vijaya Manikya I
74:Dharma Manikya I
67:
64:
46:Kings of Tripura
41:
18:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1373:
1351:
1342:
1335:Tripura Buranji
1331:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1093:
1073:
1042:
1022:Jaintia Buranji
1018:Kachari Buranji
1014:Padshah Buranji
986:Tripura Kingdom
976:Tripura Buranji
966:
937:
909:
908:
894:
886:
885:
876:
868:
867:
853:
845:
844:
805:
797:
796:
767:
759:
758:
734:
697:
658:Tripura Buranji
610:Manikya dynasty
584:
469:Krishna Manikya
421:
414:Udai Manikya II
406:
391:
374:Mukunda Manikya
284:Govinda Manikya
274:Chhatra Manikya
264:Govinda Manikya
154:Indra Manikya I
84:Ratna Manikya I
65:
48:
12:
11:
5:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1371:
1361:(1): 227–229.
1349:
1340:
1329:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:Chaudhuri 2016
1286:
1282:Chaudhuri 2016
1273:
1269:Chaudhuri 2016
1255:
1239:
1226:
1210:
1197:
1193:Chaudhuri 2016
1184:
1180:Chaudhuri 2016
1171:
1158:
1145:
1141:Chaudhuri 2016
1125:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1092:
1089:
1072:
1069:
1064:British Museum
1041:
1038:
968:
967:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
939:
938:
936:
935:
930:
925:
919:
916:
915:
911:
910:
907:
906:
901:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
881:Assam Movement
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
863:Assam Province
860:
858:Colonial Assam
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
820:Kamata Kingdom
817:
815:Dimasa Kingdom
812:
810:Chutia Kingdom
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
782:Davaka dynasty
779:
777:Varman dynasty
774:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
751:
749:Bhauma dynasty
746:
744:Danava dynasty
741:
735:
733:Proto-historic
732:
731:
728:
727:
719:
718:
712:
711:
699:
698:
696:
695:
688:
681:
673:
670:
669:
662:
661:
654:
653:
646:
645:
638:
637:
630:
629:
622:
621:
614:
613:
612:(Royal family)
606:
605:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
587:
586:
581:
575:
574:
571:
565:
564:
561:
555:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
535:
534:
531:
525:
524:
521:
515:
514:
511:
505:
504:
501:
495:
494:
491:
485:
484:
481:
475:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
429:Joy Manikya II
425:
424:
416:
410:
409:
401:
395:
394:
386:
384:Joy Manikya II
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
366:
360:
359:
356:
350:
349:
346:
340:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
290:
289:
286:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
266:
260:
259:
256:
254:Kalyan Manikya
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
224:Ishwar Manikya
220:
219:
216:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
186:
184:Udai Manikya I
180:
179:
176:
174:Ananta Manikya
170:
169:
166:
160:
159:
156:
150:
149:
146:
140:
139:
136:
134:Dhwaja Manikya
130:
129:
126:
124:Dhanya Manikya
120:
119:
116:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
96:
94:Pratap Manikya
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
60:
54:
53:
50:
49:
44:
37:
36:
33:
32:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1442:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:Hartmann 2011
1149:
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1142:
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1132:
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1113:
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1047:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1001:(1712–1714).
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
978:
977:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
943:
941:
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934:
931:
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926:
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921:
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918:
917:
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905:
902:
900:
897:
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890:
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864:
861:
859:
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849:
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836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:Late Medieval
801:
800:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
763:
762:
755:
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742:
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736:
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729:
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721:
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694:
689:
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619:
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566:
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546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
530:
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522:
520:
516:
512:
510:
506:
502:
500:
499:Durga Manikya
496:
492:
490:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
450:
446:
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436:
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430:
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417:
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411:
402:
400:
396:
387:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
355:
354:Jagat Manikya
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
325:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
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257:
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241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:
194:Joy Manikya I
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
165:
161:
157:
155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
115:
114:Mukut Manikya
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
31:
26:
23:
19:
16:
1415:Ahom kingdom
1396:
1379:
1375:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1316:
1312:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1258:
1229:
1200:
1187:
1174:
1161:
1148:
1115:
1094:
1081:Rudra Singha
1074:
1055:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:Ahom kingdom
1003:
982:Ahom kingdom
975:
971:
923:Architecture
875:Contemporary
830:Koch kingdom
825:Ahom kingdom
792:Pala dynasty
657:
458:
294:Rama Manikya
243:
204:Amar Manikya
144:Deva Manikya
58:Maha Manikya
15:
1251:Bhuyan 1938
1235:Bhuyan 1938
1206:Sarkar 2016
1121:Sarkar 2016
1058:sanchi paat
1034:Meghadootam
835:Baro-Bhuyan
660:(Chronicle)
459:Interregnum
453:1740s/1750s
422: 1744
244:Interregnum
66: 1400
1409:Categories
1304:References
1167:Misra 1985
1071:Background
1040:Manuscript
914:Categories
463:1750s–1760
1156::227–228)
642:Neermahal
583:1947–1949
573:1923–1947
563:1909–1923
553:1862–1896
543:1849–1862
533:1829–1849
523:1826–1829
513:1813–1826
503:1809–1813
493:1806–1809
483:1785–1806
473:1760–1783
443:1746–1748
378:1729–1739
358:1725–1729
348:1714–1725
338:1712–1714
328:1695–1712
318:1693–1695
308:1685–1693
298:1673–1685
288:1661–1673
278:1661–1667
268:1660–1661
258:1626–1660
248:1623–1626
238:1600–1623
218:1586–1600
208:1577–1585
198:1573–1577
188:1567–1573
178:1563–1567
168:1532–1563
158:1530–1532
148:1520–1530
138:1515–1520
128:1490–1515
88:1462–1487
78:1431–1462
1325:23341058
1091:Contents
1046:Assamese
1006:Buranjis
984:and the
766:Medieval
708:a series
706:Part of
618:Agartala
28:Part of
1388:4374821
1264:Khelats
1195::26–27)
990:Buranji
928:Palaces
904:Buranji
893:Sources
650:Rajmala
1386:
1323:
1253::viii)
1169::1558)
1102:Twipra
1085:Twipra
852:Modern
710:on the
1384:JSTOR
1321:JSTOR
1237::vii)
1224::5–6)
1108:Notes
1079:king
933:Forts
68:–1431
1297::28)
1284::27)
1271::26)
1182::27)
1143::26)
1100:and
1098:Ahom
1077:Ahom
1020:and
972:The
433:1746
368:1729
228:1600
118:1489
108:1488
98:1487
1363:doi
1208::5)
1123::5)
1411::
1380:20
1378:.
1359:28
1357:.
1317:46
1315:.
1242:^
1213:^
1128:^
1016:,
419:c.
404:c.
389:c.
63:c.
1390:.
1369:.
1365::
1327:.
1249:(
1233:(
1191:(
961:e
954:t
947:v
692:e
685:t
678:v
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