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566:("This sentence is false"), and claiming that natural language has developed without central direction. Azzouni implies that every sentence in any natural language is true. "According to Azzouni, natural language is trivial, that is to say, every sentence in natural language is true...And, of course, trivialism follows straightforwardly from the triviality of natural language: after all, 'trivialism is true' is a sentence in natural language."
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255:, with a "world" being a possibility and "the actual world" being reality. It is theorized a trivialist simply designates a value to all propositions in equivalence to seeing all propositions and their negations as true. This taxonomy is used to demonstrate the different strengths and plausibility of trivialism in this context:
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as such: "A family of arguments between 1008a26 and 1007b12 of the form 'If trivialism is right, then X is the case, but if X is the case then all things are one. But it is impossible that all things are one, so trivialism is impossible.' ... these
Aristotelian considerations are the seeds of
534:
is interpreted as stating that God contained every fact, which Kabay argues would result in trivialism, but Kabay admits that mainstream Cusa scholars would not agree with interpreting Cusa as a trivialist. Kabay also mentions
Spinoza as a philosopher whose views resemble trivialism. Kabay argues
525:
appears to suggest that
Heraclitus and Anaxagoras advocated trivialism. He quotes Anaxagoras as saying that all things are one. Kabay also suggests Heraclitus' ideas are similar to trivialism because Heraclitus believed in a union of opposites, shown in such quotes as "the way up and down is the
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a true proposition", meaning that all propositions are believed to be inherently proven as true. Without consistent use of this concept, a claim of advocating trivialism may not be seen as genuine and complete trivialism; as to claim a proposition is true but deny it as probably true may be
520:
has argued that various philosophers in history have held views resembling trivialism, although he stops short of calling them trivialists. He mentions various pre-Socratic Greek philosophers as philosophers holding views resembling trivialism. He mentions that
Aristotle in his book
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I argue that, far from showing the impossibility of such a thing, the argument clarifies the very nature of a trivialist. Among its other properties, such a being will be in a quiescent state, and it cannot perform any action — it cannot eat, preach, walk around, or
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virtually all subsequent suspicions against trivialism: Trivialism has to be rejected because it identifies what should not be identified, and is undesirable from a logical point of view because it identifies what is not identical, namely, truth and falsehood."
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Spinoza was a trivialist because
Spinoza believed everything was made of one substance which had infinite attributes. Kabay also mentions Hegel as a philosopher whose views resemble trivialism, quoting Hegel as stating in
281:
The consensus among the majority of philosophers is descriptively a denial of trivialism, termed as non-trivialism or anti-trivialism. This is due to it being unable to produce a sound argument through the
1035:
Comesaña, J. (2012). Can
Contemporary Semantics Help the Pyrrhonian Get a Life?. In Pyrrhonism in Ancient, Modern, and Contemporary Philosophy (pp. 217–240). Springer Netherlands.
462:, or state of imperturbability; it is purported the figurative trivialist inherently attains this state. This is claimed to be justified by the figurative trivialist seeing every
234:
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being true, even in a state of anxiety. Once universally accepted as true, the trivialist is free from any further anxieties regarding whether any state of affairs is true.
1053:
Burnyeat, M. (1980). Can the sceptic live his scepticism?. In M. Schofield, M. Burnyeat, and J. Barnes (eds.), Doubt and
Dogmatism (pp. 20–53). Cambridge University Press.
480:. However, insofar as the trivialist affirms all states of affairs as universally true, the Pyrrhonist neither affirms nor denies the truth (or falsity) of such affairs.
190:
508:
already obtains." Due to their suspension of determination upon striking equipollence between claims, the
Pyrrhonist has also remained subject to apraxia charges.
586:. Priest writes, "He held that, at least at one time, everything was all mixed up so that no predicate applied to any one thing more than a contrary predicate."
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421:) is the oft-debated theory that every proposition is possible. With this assumed to be true, trivialism can be assumed to be true as well according to Kabay.
1044:
Wieland, J. W. (2012) Can
Pyrrhonists act normally? Philosophical Explorations: An International Journal for the Philosophy of Mind and Action 15(3):277-289.
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Kabay compares the
Pyrrhonian skeptic to the figurative trivialist and claims that as the skeptic reportedly attains a state of imperturbability through a
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considers trivialism untenable: "a substantial case can be made for dialetheism; belief in , though, would appear to be grounds for certifiable insanity".
594:
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and other arguments are considered to be against trivialism. Luis Estrada-González in "Models of Possiblism and Trivialism" has interpreted Aristotle's
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It is asserted by both Priest and Kabay that it is impossible for a trivialist to truly choose and thus act. Priest argues this by the following in
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Luis Estrada-González in "Models of Possibilism and Trivialism" lists eight types of anti-trivialism (or non-trivialism) through the use of
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that needs to be completely represented. Thus, literally, the trivialist theory is something expressed in the simplest possible way.
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643:(AT7) Absolute anti-trivialism (or maximal logical nihilism): All propositions do not have a value of true or false in every world.
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640:(AT6) Super anti-trivialism (or moderate logical nihilism): All propositions do not have a value of true or false at some world.
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In Paul Kabay's comparison of trivialism to schools of philosophical skepticism (in "On the Plenitude of Truth")—such as
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1003:
Kabay, Paul (2013). "Interpreting the Divyadhvani: On Why the Digambara Sect Is Right about the Nature of the Kevalin".
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Luis Estrada-González in "Models of Possibilism and Trivialism" lists four types of trivialism through the concept of
993:. "Suspension of judgement is a standstill of intellect, owing to which we neither reject nor posit anything" (p. 5).
621:(AT1) Actualist absolute anti-trivialism: In the actual world, all propositions do not have a value of true or false.
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In this case—and according to independent claims by Graham Priest—trivialism is considered the complete opposite of
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85:
17:
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Frederick Kroon (2004). "Realism and Dialetheism". In Graham Priest; J. C. Beall; Bradley Armour-Garb (eds.).
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634:(AT4) Distributed anti-trivialism: In every world, some propositions do not have a value of true or false.
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Theoretical arguments and anecdotes have been offered for trivialism to contrast it with theories such as
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624:(AT2) Minimal anti-trivialism: In some worlds, some propositions do not have a value of true or false.
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minimal anti-trivialism: In the actual world, some propositions do not have a value of true or false.
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637:(AT5) Strong anti-trivialism: Some propositions do not have a value of true or false in every world.
145:, from this meaning, a "trivial" theory is something regarded as defective in the face of a complex
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of the form "p and not p" (e.g. the ball is red and not red) are true. In accordance with this, a
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may use "the law of non-triviality" to abstain from trivialism in logical practices that involve
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all can be asserted as valid and not required to be resolved and used to defend trivialism.
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1104:"The Strengthened Liar, the Expressive Strength of Natural Languages, and Regimentation"
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Paul Kabay has argued for trivialism in "On the Plenitude of Truth" from the following:
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If possibilism is true, then there is a world (either possible or impossible or both),
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The above would be read as "given any proposition, it is a true proposition" through
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262:(T1) Pluralist trivialism: In some worlds, all propositions have a designated value.
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492:: "One cannot intend to act in such a way as to bring about some state of affairs,
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A claim of trivialism may always apply its fundamental truth, otherwise known as a
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272:(T3) Absolute trivialism: In all worlds, all propositions have a designated value.
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259:(T0) Minimal trivialism: At some world, all propositions have a designated value.
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602:; Read as "given any proposition, it is neither a true or false proposition."
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There are theoretical arguments for trivialism argued from the position of a
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trivialism: In the actual world, all propositions have a designated value.
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473:, the trivialist may attain such a state through an abundance of belief.
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same". Kabay also mentions a fifteenth century Roman Catholic cardinal,
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930:(1st pbk. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 69–71.
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already to hold. Conversely, if one acts with the purpose of bringing
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1935:
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1311:
709:
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Instrumentalist Science of Zen Philosophy: Applied Ad Hoc Trivialism
1103:
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330:
He formulated the "law of non-triviality" as a replacement for the
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1701:
1503:
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869:
PhD thesis, School of Philosophy, Anthropology, and Social Inquiry
593:
142:
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84:, trivialism is considered by some to be the complete opposite of
25:
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2138:
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1191:
2598:
1634:
34:; Read as "given any proposition, it is a true proposition."
598:
Absolute anti-trivialism (or maximal logical nihilism) in
1187:
1623:
1148:
The Law of Non-Contradiction: New Philosophical Essays
550:
is a purported advocate of trivialism in his article
213:
169:
894:
Priest, Graham (1999). "Perceiving contradictions".
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1911:
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1517:
1372:
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516:Paul Kabay, an Australian philosopher, in his book
783:On the Plenitude of Truth. A Defense of Trivialism
627:(AT3) Pointed anti-trivialism (or minimal logical
228:
184:
243:considered inconsistent with the assumed theory.
951:Priest, G. (2000). "Could everything be true?".
161:, trivialism may be expressed as the following:
356:
745:The Many Valued and Nonmonotonic Turn in Logic
562:and inconsistent through the existence of the
131:meaning commonplace, in turn derived from the
1650:
1203:
921:
919:
917:
65:is a person who believes everything is true.
8:
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405:is identical to A, then trivialism is true
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2135:
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539:"everything is inherently contradictory."
238:The above would be read as a "proposition
875:, Research Collections (UMER). p. 29
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
743:. In Gabbay, Dov M.; Woods, John (eds.).
578:is suggested as a possible trivialist by
334:in paraconsistent logic and dialetheism.
212:
168:
987:Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Scepticism
731:
397:is a possible world, and it is true in
72:, trivialism is in direct violation of
821:"Models of Possibilism and Trivialism"
389:If it is true that there is a world,
7:
3751:Philosophical schools and traditions
386:is identical to the actual world, A
1385:Analytic and synthetic propositions
1256:Formal semantics (natural language)
229:{\displaystyle p\leftrightarrow Tp}
953:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
896:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
530:, stating that what Cusa wrote in
170:
14:
741:"Paraconsistency and Dialetheism"
123:, as a term, is derived from the
3714:
3713:
3700:
1597:
654:
504:about, one cannot believe that
458:—who seek to attain a form of
369:, in which trivialism is true
217:
1:
3186:Ordinary language philosophy
1169:Immanuel (Immanuel) (2014).
825:Logic and Logical Philosophy
277:Arguments against trivialism
3236:Contemporary utilitarianism
3151:Internalism and externalism
873:The University of Melbourne
787:Lambert Academic Publishing
286:and it being considered an
185:{\displaystyle \forall pTp}
107:and paraconsistent logics.
3777:
2500:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1065:"Troubles with Trivialism"
991:Cambridge University Press
445:Philosophical implications
15:
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1722:Philosophy of mathematics
1712:Philosophy of information
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1469:Necessity and sufficiency
1225:
1081:10.1080/00201740701698670
965:10.1080/00048400012349471
908:10.1080/00048409912349211
865:"A defense of trivialism"
350:Argument from possibilism
1006:Philosophy East and West
928:Doubt truth to be a liar
819:Estrada-González, Luis.
584:Doubt Truth to Be a Liar
490:Doubt Truth to Be a Liar
450:Comparison to skepticism
338:Arguments for trivialism
332:law of non-contradiction
196:universal quantification
18:Triviality (mathematics)
16:Not to be confused with
3191:Postanalytic philosophy
3132:Experimental philosophy
1152:Oxford University Press
1122:10.1111/1467-9191.00142
1109:The Philosophical Forum
926:Priest, Graham (2008).
739:Priest, Graham (2007).
518:A Defense of Trivialism
484:Impossibility of action
307:law of noncontradiction
247:Taxonomy of trivialisms
78:law of noncontradiction
3324:Social constructionism
2336:Hellenistic philosophy
1752:Theoretical philosophy
1727:Philosophy of religion
1717:Philosophy of language
1102:Azzouni, Jody (2003).
985:Empiricus, S. (2000).
720:Principle of bivalence
700:Law of excluded middle
603:
574:The Greek philosopher
439:principle of explosion
411:
284:principle of explosion
230:
186:
35:
3756:Theories of deduction
3707:Philosophy portal
3226:Scientific skepticism
3206:Reformed epistemology
1732:Philosophy of science
1604:Philosophy portal
1175:. Zen Applied Science
1063:Bueno, O. V. (2007).
1019:10.1353/pew.2013.0020
597:
552:The Strengthened Liar
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90:Paraconsistent logics
29:
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2678:Acintya bheda abheda
2657:Renaissance humanism
2368:School of the Sextii
1742:Practical philosophy
1737:Political philosophy
537:The Science of Logic
471:suspension of belief
413:Above, possibilism (
375:is a possible world
292:reductio ad absurdum
211:
167:
3746:Non-classical logic
2698:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2609:Korean Confucianism
2356:Academic Skepticism
1266:Philosophy of logic
781:Paul Kabay (2010).
532:De Docta Ignorantia
408:Trivialism is true
312:Metaphysics Book IV
94:true contradictions
3319:Post-structuralism
3221:Scientific realism
3176:Quinean naturalism
3156:Logical positivism
3112:Analytical Marxism
2331:Peripatetic school
2243:Chinese naturalism
1770:Aesthetic response
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1565:Rules of inference
1534:Mathematical logic
1276:Semantics of logic
680:Factual relativism
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496:, if one believes
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1161:978-0-19-926517-6
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758:978-0-444-51623-7
662:Philosophy portal
582:in his 2005 book
554:by claiming that
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3117:Communitarianism
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3699:
3678:
3642:
3542:
3504:
3451:
3405:
3404:
3376:
3365:Russian cosmism
3338:
3334:Western Marxism
3299:New Historicism
3264:Critical theory
3250:
3246:Wittgensteinian
3142:Foundationalism
3075:
3012:
2993:Social contract
2849:Foundationalism
2782:
2764:
2748:Illuminationism
2733:Aristotelianism
2719:
2708:Vishishtadvaita
2661:
2613:
2554:
2521:
2392:
2321:Megarian school
2316:Eretrian school
2257:
2218:Agriculturalism
2195:
2141:
2122:
2069:
2041:
1998:
1950:
1907:
1891:Incompatibilism
1860:
1832:
1784:
1756:
1679:
1668:
1663:
1633:
1628:
1598:
1596:
1584:
1548:
1539:Boolean algebra
1513:
1364:
1355:Metamathematics
1333:
1285:
1239:
1221:
1216:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1145:
1142:
1140:Further reading
1137:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1002:
1001:
997:
984:
980:
950:
949:
945:
938:
925:
924:
915:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
862:
861:
836:
818:
817:
804:
797:
780:
779:
766:
759:
751:. p. 131.
738:
737:
733:
728:
705:Laws of thought
660:
655:
653:
650:
608:possible worlds
592:
590:Anti-trivialism
572:
545:
514:
486:
452:
447:
435:Curry's paradox
427:
419:possible worlds
352:
340:
322:
300:
279:
253:possible worlds
249:
236:
209:
208:
203:truth predicate
192:
165:
164:
155:
118:
113:
70:classical logic
49:(also known as
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3510:Middle Eastern
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Existentialism
3271:
3269:Deconstruction
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Applied ethics
3098:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3066:Nietzscheanism
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3008:Utilitarianism
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2906:Transcendental
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2844:Existentialism
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Augustinianism
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2545:Zoroastrianism
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2388:Church Fathers
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1903:Libertarianism
1900:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Metaphilosophy
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1166:
1160:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1094:
1075:(6): 655–667.
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
995:
978:
959:(2): 189–195.
943:
937:978-0199238514
936:
913:
886:
834:
802:
795:
764:
757:
730:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
666:
665:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
625:
622:
619:
600:symbolic logic
591:
588:
571:
568:
544:
541:
513:
510:
485:
482:
451:
448:
446:
443:
431:liar's paradox
426:
423:
410:
409:
406:
387:
378:It is true in
376:
370:
363:
351:
348:
339:
336:
321:
318:
299:
296:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
263:
260:
248:
245:
240:if and only if
225:
222:
219:
216:
207:
181:
178:
175:
172:
163:
159:symbolic logic
154:
151:
117:
114:
112:
109:
59:contradictions
43:logical theory
32:symbolic logic
30:Trivialism in
23:Logical theory
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3773:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3720:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:Miscellaneous
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:Miscellaneous
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Structuralism
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:Postmodernism
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Phenomenology
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Vienna Circle
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Moral realism
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Phenomenology
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Individualism
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2778:Judeo-Islamic
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Shuddhadvaita
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Scholasticism
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Conceptualism
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Particularism
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Functionalism
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Eliminativism
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
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325:Graham Priest
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3309:Posthumanism
3289:Hermeneutics
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3085:Contemporary
3061:Newtonianism
3024:Cartesianism
2983:Reductionism
2819:Conservatism
2814:Collectivism
2752:
2480:Sarvāstivadā
2458:Anekantavada
2383:Neoplatonism
2351:Epicureanism
2284:Pythagoreans
2223:Confucianism
2189:Contemporary
2179:Early modern
2083:Anti-realism
2037:Universalism
1994:Subjectivism
1790:Epistemology
1499:Substitution
1319:Mathematical
1244:Major fields
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3166:Meta-ethics
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3051:Hegelianism
2988:Rationalism
2948:Natural law
2928:Materialism
2854:Historicism
2824:Determinism
2715:Navya-Nyāya
2490:Sautrāntika
2485:Pudgalavada
2421:Vaisheshika
2274:Presocratic
2174:Renaissance
2113:Physicalism
2098:Materialism
2004:Normativity
1989:Objectivism
1974:Emergentism
1964:Behaviorism
1913:Metaphysics
1879:Determinism
1818:Rationalism
1614:WikiProject
1484:Proposition
1479:Probability
1432:Description
1373:Foundations
675:Doublethink
523:Metaphysics
360:Possibilism
105:dialetheism
3735:Categories
3654:Amerindian
3561:Australian
3500:Vietnamese
3480:Indonesian
3029:Kantianism
2978:Positivism
2968:Pragmatism
2943:Naturalism
2923:Liberalism
2901:Subjective
2839:Empiricism
2743:Avicennism
2688:Bhedabheda
2572:East Asian
2495:Madhyamaka
2475:Abhidharma
2341:Pyrrhonism
2108:Nominalism
2103:Naturalism
2032:Skepticism
2022:Relativism
2012:Absolutism
1941:Naturalism
1851:Deontology
1823:Skepticism
1808:Naturalism
1798:Empiricism
1762:Aesthetics
1666:Philosophy
1544:Set theory
1442:Linguistic
1437:Entailment
1427:Definition
1395:Consequent
1390:Antecedent
1179:30 January
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726:References
576:Anaxagoras
570:Anaxagoras
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456:Pyrrhonism
437:, and the
147:phenomenon
129:trivialis,
121:Trivialism
86:skepticism
82:philosophy
63:trivialist
47:statements
39:Trivialism
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3495:Taiwanese
3442:Ethiopian
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3401:By region
3216:Scientism
3211:Systemics
3071:Spinozism
2998:Socialism
2933:Modernism
2896:Objective
2804:Anarchism
2738:Averroism
2627:Christian
2579:Neotaoism
2550:Zurvanism
2540:Mithraism
2535:Mazdakism
2306:Cyrenaics
2233:Logicians
1866:Free will
1828:Solipsism
1775:Formalism
1575:Fallacies
1570:Paradoxes
1560:Logicians
1494:Statement
1489:Reference
1454:Induction
1417:Deduction
1380:Abduction
1350:Metalogic
1297:Classical
1261:Inference
1089:170636654
1024:whatever.
973:170771596
616:Actualist
512:Advocates
425:Paradoxes
303:Aristotle
298:Aristotle
288:absurdity
267:Actualist
218:↔
171:∀
116:Etymology
74:Aristotle
45:that all
3719:Category
3674:Yugoslav
3664:Romanian
3571:Scottish
3556:American
3485:Japanese
3465:Buddhist
3447:Africana
3437:Egyptian
3279:Feminist
3201:Rawlsian
3196:Quietism
3094:Analytic
3046:Krausism
2953:Nihilism
2918:Kokugaku
2881:Absolute
2876:Idealism
2864:Humanism
2652:Occamism
2619:European
2564:Medieval
2510:Yogacara
2470:Buddhist
2463:Syādvāda
2346:Stoicism
2311:Cynicism
2299:Sophists
2294:Atomists
2289:Eleatics
2228:Legalism
2169:Medieval
2093:Idealism
2047:Ontology
2027:Nihilism
1931:Idealism
1689:Branches
1678:Branches
1609:Category
1509:Validity
1410:Antinomy
1338:Theories
1302:Informal
749:Elsevier
695:Syādvāda
685:Fatalism
648:See also
629:nihilism
460:ataraxia
362:is true
111:Overview
3669:Russian
3638:Spanish
3633:Slovene
3623:Maltese
3618:Italian
3598:Finland
3566:British
3548:Western
3538:Turkish
3523:Islamic
3518:Iranian
3470:Chinese
3457:Eastern
3424:African
3371:more...
3056:Marxism
2886:British
2829:Dualism
2725:Islamic
2683:Advaita
2673:Vedanta
2647:Scotism
2642:Thomism
2584:Tiantai
2527:Persian
2515:Tibetan
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2326:Academy
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2253:Yangism
2210:Chinese
2201:Ancient
2164:Western
2159:Ancient
2118:Realism
2075:Reality
2065:Process
1946:Realism
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1921:Atomism
1803:Fideism
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1474:Premise
1405:Paradox
1235:History
1230:Outline
1069:Inquiry
560:trivial
543:Azzouni
139:freemen
134:trivium
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3608:German
3603:French
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1526:topics
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