49:
60:, which had been created from 1767. Class divisions had become more apparent with this architectural separation. Furthermore, conflicts, riots and social disorder were common throughout Scotland at that time. The Old Town was inhabited by a number of gangs of young men, one group was the Keellie Gang (also known as the Niddry Gang), led by Hugh MacDonald and Hugh McIntosh. Police officers had been given more powers, and this was resented, especially by the poor. The petty crimes perpetrated by gangs like the Keellies were increasingly being quashed by authorities.
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apprentices". Key perpetrators were seen to be John
Skelton, Hugh McIntosh (16), Hugh MacDonald (18) and Neil Sutherland (18). Skelton was convicted of attempted robbery, while McIntosh, MacDonald and Sutherland were convicted of having planned the riot, and having made attacks; McIntosh was further convicted of the murder of Dugald Campbell. All four were sentenced to death along with James Johnstone, who was never apprehended. Skelton's sentence was later commuted to
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were offered by the Town
Council for information leading to the arrest of his attackers. Victims and witnesses described many of the rioters as "boys" and "young lads". By the end of the month, 68 youths had been arrested, none of whom were over the age of 20. They were described as "a band of idle
74:
On 31 December, the
Keellie Gang members began attacking passers-by in the streets of the Old Town, from around 11.00 pm. Victims were surrounded by youths with wooden sticks, threatened, in some cases knocked to the ground, and robbed. A member of the town watch named Dugald Campbell was attacked
104:
According to historian Andrew
Ralston, the Tron riot case was used to send a strong message about juvenile delinquency, and to deter other would-be offenders. In addition to the three who were sentenced to death, some of the more minor offenders of the riot received relatively harsh sentences for
75:
by a group of the youths in Stamp Office Close, off the High Street. He was beaten with sticks and left to die. Evidently
Campbell was known to the gang, and disliked by them; it was later claimed that they had planned to "give him a licking the last night of the year if they could get him."
39:
and during the early hours of the next day, a group of young men, including the
Keellie Gang, attacked and robbed wealthier passers-by. One police officer was killed in the riot. Sixty-eight youths were arrested, and five were sentenced to death.
112:
Following the riot, the authorities quickly took steps to reorganise and strengthen the police force. Later that year, the
Edinburgh Police Act, 1812 was introduced, which significantly increased the number of police officers patrolling the city.
96:
on account of his previous good character. On 22 April, McIntosh, Sutherland and MacDonald were hanged in Stamp Office Close. McIntosh's body was sent for anatomical dissection, while
Sutherland and MacDonald were buried in
71:. According to later trial testimony, the Keellie Gang had been planning during the last weeks of 1811 to take advantage of the rich New Town Hogmanay crowds, and to attack the police at the same time.
67:
in the streets around the Tron Kirk, which was the parish church at the time. After midnight, crowds would move around the area, travelling to friends' homes as part of the custom of
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hoped that these punishments "would not be lost on the youth of this city, but be the means of making them abhor such conduct as had been recently perpetrated here."
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The early nineteenth century in
Edinburgh was a time of tension between residents of the city's crowded Old Town, and the wealthier inhabitants of
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It was the tradition for New Town residents to come to the Old Town to celebrate
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1166:Edinburgh International Book Festival
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405:Mad Mobs and Englishmen?
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649:Great Fire of Edinburgh
593:Visit of King George IV
390:"The Tron Riot of 1812"
94:transportation for life
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44:Background and events
1334:History of Edinburgh
1324:December 1811 events
997:Edinburgh BioQuarter
947:Royal Lyceum Theatre
738:Craiglockhart Castle
604:Edwin of Northumbria
543:Edinburgh town walls
493:Mary, Queen of Scots
488:Burning of Edinburgh
1329:January 1812 events
1062:Edinburgh Crossrail
922:Edinburgh Playhouse
866:National War Museum
856:Museum of Edinburgh
846:Fruitmarket Gallery
823:St Giles' Cathedral
695:Scottish Parliament
538:Treaty of Edinburgh
508:Kingdom of Scotland
166:Reicher & Stott
151:Reicher & Stott
99:Greyfriars Kirkyard
1299:1810s in Edinburgh
987:Caledonian Brewery
851:The Georgian House
573:Disruption of 1843
568:Church of Scotland
424:The Scots Magazine
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35:. On the night of
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1125:Napier University
1100:Edinburgh College
952:St Cecilia's Hall
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818:St Andrew's House
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1200:Other topics
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900:Theatres and
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23:occurred in
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783:Old College
778:New College
733:Calton Hill
634:Silvermills
563:James Craig
558:Robert Adam
311:, pp. 43–44
1319:1812 riots
1314:1811 riots
1293:Categories
1091:Health and
962:Usher Hall
917:(proposed)
876:Public art
728:Bute House
676:Governance
609:Devolution
523:David Hume
381:0956791735
117:References
1154:Festivals
1115:Hospitals
1093:education
1033:Transport
706:landmarks
639:Tron riot
483:Etymology
464:Edinburgh
79:Aftermath
33:Tron Kirk
25:Edinburgh
21:Tron Riot
1241:Category
1186:Hogmanay
553:New Town
548:Old Town
335:, p. 339
284:, p. 299
272:, p. 295
260:, p. 289
245:, p. 250
231:, p. 298
204:, p. 297
180:, p. 287
65:Hogmanay
58:New Town
29:Old Town
1265:Outline
1253:Commons
1135:Schools
1047:Airport
1042:A1 road
973:Economy
837:Museums
619:Lothian
474:History
342:Sources
333:McGowan
323:, p. 45
321:Ralston
309:Ralston
299:, p. 44
297:Ralston
219:, p. 43
217:Ralston
168:, p. 41
153:, p. 40
141:, p. 42
139:Ralston
89:guineas
1277:Portal
411:
378:
1082:Trams
614:Burgh
122:Notes
597:Sir
409:ISBN
376:ISBN
282:Knox
270:Knox
258:Knox
229:Knox
202:Knox
190:Knox
178:Knox
19:The
360:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
