1745:
124:
299:
102:
322:
Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short
1652:
1691:
1786:
1626:
1452:
1665:
1432:
1493:
1670:
1678:
1820:
1810:
1779:
1744:
1561:
123:
1815:
1696:
1605:
638:
487:
1825:
1618:
1477:
834:
627:
616:
502:
457:
568:
528:
472:
1104:
737:
722:
601:
579:
543:
774:
759:
700:
590:
517:
1365:
678:
649:
428:
417:
1772:
1157:
785:
711:
554:
393:
1045:
924:
748:
1504:
1262:
1240:
1227:
1195:
1098:
1072:
1034:
1019:
908:
689:
1566:
1173:
1087:
949:
897:
886:
860:
814:
1717:
1306:
1291:
1209:
1200:
1135:
1113:
938:
875:
846:
353:
110:
1327:
1184:
1061:
1251:
1146:
1124:
978:
960:
1433:
Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of
Siberian Zoological Museum.
1008:
997:
220:
403:
245:
1805:
1350:
664:
259:
238:
373:, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a
118:
1722:
800:
266:
1704:
1587:
1489:
1657:
1709:
1276:
1267:
1214:
1162:
1050:
929:
913:
868:
465:
443:
252:
1542:
298:
534:
851:
1756:
1613:
1600:
1409:"A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)"
965:
101:
1799:
1408:
1297:
378:
59:
340:
283:
1592:
1683:
1639:
1536:
205:
165:
34:
1527:
1752:
324:
316:
79:
44:
358:
185:
155:
135:
84:
339:
Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western
1574:
1553:
1521:
1398:(2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 157ff
1284:
1220:
829:
480:
374:
348:
328:
273:
175:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1579:
1631:
1027:
971:
609:
562:
510:
195:
89:
64:
1644:
1447:
1335:
986:
767:
495:
344:
145:
1498:
1302: – Germany, etc (Widespread Western, Central Europe)
1080:
990:
730:
1502:
1283: – Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (
319:
comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.
707: – Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia, Iran.
398:
The known genera and species in
Trogulidae as of 2023 are:
384:"gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.
882: – Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, etc.
1760:
1485:(eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones.
1109: – Italy, France, etc (Southern Europe)
934: – Italy (contra reports of widespread)
1511:
956: – Austria, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia
377:. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the
1004: – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
1483:Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G.
904: – Romania, Germany, Bulgaria etc
361:, has been introduced to eastern North America.
561: – Austria, Italy, Serbia, etc
369:The derivation of the name of the type genus,
1780:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1191: – Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
8:
1270:, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 –
634: – Italy, France, Switzerland
1787:
1773:
1499:
1026: – Macedonia, Albania etc (
781: – Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey
297:
100:
20:
685: – Algeria, Tunisia, Italy
1453:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
970: – Greece, Albania, etc (
306:Approximate natural range of Trogulidae
1383:
1219: – Montenegro, Croatia (
918: – (Unknown locality)
7:
1741:
1739:
1619:424ce14c-dba9-4aec-ab14-ad2558fd5b3e
1068: – Italy, France, etc
16:Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs
856: – France (Corsica)
539: – Algeria, Tunisia
14:
608: – Italy, France (
1743:
821: – Greece (Crete)
550: – Spain, Morocco
122:
1476:Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog:
945: – France, Italy
1256:Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
1178:Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
1151:Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
1140:Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
1092:Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
1024:Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
1013:Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
865:Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
1:
1272:Germany, etc (Central Europe)
639:Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis
1759:. You can help Knowledge by
744: – Kyrgyzstan
584:Prieto & Las Heras, 2020
548:Prieto & Las Heras, 2020
522:Prieto & Las Heras, 2020
488:Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus
290:
1247: – Macedonia
891:Chemini & Martens, 1988
654:Martens & Chemini, 1988
643:Martens & Chemini, 1988
628:Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis
617:Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus
595:Martens & Chemini, 1988
503:Anelasmocephalus cambridgei
492:Martens & Chemini, 1988
477:Martens & Chemini, 1988
462:Martens & Chemini, 1988
458:Anelasmocephalus balearicus
1842:
1738:
1217:, in Hahn & Koch, 1839
1079: – Greece (
1053:, in Hahn & Koch, 1839
1041: – Portugal
1015: – Portugal
932:, in Hahn & Koch, 1839
916:, in Hahn & Koch, 1839
766: – Greece (
729: – Greece (
569:Anelasmocephalus lycosinus
529:Anelasmocephalus crassipes
473:Anelasmocephalus brignolii
433:Kontos & Martens, 2022
391:
1258: – Croatia
1205: – Croatia
1142: – Croatia
1131: – Croatia
1120: – Romania
1094: – Croatia
1055: – Greece
867: – Spain (
738:Calathocratus kyrghyzicus
723:Calathocratus intermedius
602:Anelasmocephalus pusillus
580:Anelasmocephalus ortunioi
544:Anelasmocephalus gadirrif
494: – Italy (
479: – Italy (
464: – Spain (
305:
296:
289:
282:
233:
228:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
1487:Harvard University Press
1313: – Turkey
1234: – Spain
1167: – Spain
775:Calathocratus singularis
760:Calathocratus rhodiensis
755: – Russia
718: – Russia
701:Calathocratus caucasicus
696: – Turkey
645: – France
591:Anelasmocephalus osellai
518:Anelasmocephalus cazorla
509: – UK to
435: – Greece
424: – Greece
1366:Amphitrogulus sternalis
1245:Schönhofer et al., 2013
1180: – Spain
1153: – Spain
1129:Schönhofer et al., 2013
1077:Schönhofer et al., 2013
893: – Italy
792: – Italy
679:Calathocratus africanus
656: – Italy
650:Anelasmocephalus tuscus
623: – Spain
597: – Italy
586: – Spain
575: – Italy
555:Anelasmocephalus hadzii
524: – Spain
429:Anarthrotarsus trichasi
418:Anarthrotarsus martensi
394:List of Dyspnoi species
1755:-related article is a
1431:Chemeris, A.N. (2013)
1158:Trogulus pulverulentus
786:Calathocratus sinuosus
712:Calathocratus hirsutus
1718:Paleobiology Database
1292:Trogulus tricarinatus
1046:Trogulus lygaeiformis
925:Trogulus coriziformis
749:Calathocratus minutus
354:Trogulus tricarinatus
111:Trogulus tricarinatus
1614:Fauna Europaea (new)
1263:Trogulus tingiformis
1241:Trogulus tenuitarsus
1228:Trogulus templetonii
1196:Trogulus setosissmus
1099:Trogulus nepaeformis
1073:Trogulus megaligrava
1035:Trogulus lusitanicus
1020:Trogulus karamanorum
909:Trogulus coreiformis
690:Calathocratus beieri
291:6 genera, 65 species
1821:Harvestman families
1811:Arachnids of Africa
1174:Trogulus pyrenaicus
1088:Trogulus melitensis
985: –
950:Trogulus falcipenis
898:Trogulus closanicus
887:Trogulus cisalpinus
861:Trogulus balearicus
815:Kofiniotis creticus
351:and northern Iran.
1435:Arthropoda Selecta
1344:Plus see unknown:
1319:See also extinct:
1307:Trogulus uncinatus
1210:Trogulus squamatus
1136:Trogulus pharensis
1114:Trogulus oltenicus
939:Trogulus cristatus
876:Trogulus banaticus
847:Trogulus aquaticus
359:terrestrial snails
30:Palaeogene–present
1816:Arachnids of Asia
1768:
1767:
1733:
1732:
1705:Open Tree of Life
1505:Taxon identifiers
1371:
1356:
1333:
1328:Trogulus longipes
1312:
1301:
1282:
1271:
1257:
1246:
1236:
1233:
1218:
1204:
1190:
1185:Trogulus rossicus
1179:
1169:
1166:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1067:
1062:Trogulus martensi
1057:
1054:
1040:
1025:
1014:
1003:
993:, Turkey, Greece.
984:
969:
955:
944:
933:
920:
917:
903:
892:
881:
866:
855:
838:
820:
806:
791:
780:
765:
754:
743:
728:
717:
706:
695:
684:
670:
655:
644:
633:
622:
607:
596:
585:
574:
560:
549:
538:
523:
508:
493:
478:
463:
449:
434:
423:
409:
310:
309:
224:
1833:
1826:Harvestmen stubs
1789:
1782:
1775:
1747:
1740:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1686:
1684:NBNSYS0000161207
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1500:
1484:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1369:
1354:
1331:
1310:
1295:
1280:
1277:Trogulus torosus
1266:
1255:
1252:Trogulus thaleri
1244:
1235:
1231:
1213:
1199:
1188:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1150:
1147:Trogulus prietoi
1139:
1128:
1125:Trogulus ozimeci
1117:
1102:
1091:
1076:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1023:
1012:
1001:
982:
979:Trogulus gypseus
964:
961:Trogulus graecus
953:
942:
928:
919:
912:
901:
890:
879:
864:
850:
833:
818:
804:
790:(Sørensen, 1873)
789:
778:
763:
752:
742:(Chemeris, 2013)
741:
726:
715:
704:
693:
683:(H. Lucas, 1846)
682:
668:
653:
642:
631:
620:
605:
594:
583:
573:(Sørensen, 1873)
572:
558:
547:
532:
521:
507:(Westwood, 1874)
506:
491:
476:
461:
447:
444:Anelasmocephalus
432:
421:
407:
357:, a predator of
301:
253:Anelasmocephalus
219:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1507:
1482:
1473:
1471:Further reading
1468:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1380:
1009:Trogulus huberi
998:Trogulus hirtus
753:Snegovaya, 2011
716:Snegovaya, 2011
705:(Ĺ ilhavĂ˝, 1966)
396:
390:
367:
337:
315:is a family of
218:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1748:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1601:Fauna Europaea
1597:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1548:
1533:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1439:
1424:
1400:
1396:Gruber, JĂĽrgen
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1288:
1273:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1232:Westwood, 1833
1224:
1206:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1095:
1084:
1069:
1058:
1042:
1031:
1016:
1005:
994:
975:
957:
954:Komposch, 1999
946:
935:
921:
905:
894:
883:
872:
857:
840:
839:
825:
824:
823:
822:
808:
807:
796:
795:
794:
793:
782:
779:(Roewer, 1940)
771:
764:(Gruber, 1963)
756:
745:
734:
719:
708:
697:
686:
672:
671:
660:
659:
658:
657:
646:
635:
624:
613:
598:
587:
576:
565:
551:
540:
525:
514:
499:
484:
469:
451:
450:
439:
438:
437:
436:
425:
411:
410:
404:Anarthrotarsus
392:Main article:
389:
386:
366:
363:
336:
333:
308:
307:
303:
302:
294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
279:
278:
277:
270:
263:
256:
249:
246:Anarthrotarsus
242:
231:
230:
226:
225:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1838:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1494:0-674-02343-9
1491:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1370:Gourret, 1887
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1355:Gourret, 1887
1353:
1352:
1351:Amphitrogulus
1347:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:Ĺ ilhavĂ˝, 1968
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1066:Chemini, 1983
1064:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
988:
981:
980:
976:
973:
967:
963:
962:
958:
952:
951:
947:
941:
940:
936:
931:
927:
926:
922:
915:
911:
910:
906:
900:
899:
895:
889:
888:
884:
878:
877:
873:
870:
863:
862:
858:
853:
849:
848:
844:
843:
842:
841:
836:
832:
831:
827:
826:
817:
816:
812:
811:
810:
809:
803:
802:
798:
797:
788:
787:
783:
777:
776:
772:
769:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
732:
725:
724:
720:
714:
713:
709:
703:
702:
698:
692:
691:
687:
681:
680:
676:
675:
674:
673:
667:
666:
665:Calathocratus
662:
661:
652:
651:
647:
641:
640:
636:
630:
629:
625:
621:Martens, 1978
619:
618:
614:
611:
604:
603:
599:
593:
592:
588:
582:
581:
577:
571:
570:
566:
564:
559:Martens, 1978
557:
556:
552:
546:
545:
541:
536:
531:
530:
526:
520:
519:
515:
512:
505:
504:
500:
497:
490:
489:
485:
482:
475:
474:
470:
467:
460:
459:
455:
454:
453:
452:
446:
445:
441:
440:
431:
430:
426:
422:Ĺ ilhavĂ˝, 1967
420:
419:
415:
414:
413:
412:
408:Ĺ ilhavĂ˝, 1967
406:
405:
401:
400:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
380:
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36:
22:
19:
1761:expanding it
1750:
1735:
1512:
1486:
1457:. Retrieved
1451:
1448:"Trogulidae"
1442:
1434:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1413:ResearchGate
1412:
1403:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1326:
1318:
1311:Gruber, 1973
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1097:
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1039:Giltay, 1932
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977:
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923:
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845:
828:
819:Roewer, 1940
813:
805:Roewer, 1940
799:
784:
773:
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747:
736:
727:Roewer, 1940
721:
710:
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694:Gruber, 1968
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341:North Africa
338:
335:Distribution
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215:
109:
18:
1640:iNaturalist
1537:Wikispecies
1332:Haupt, 1956
1281:Simon, 1885
1118:Avram, 1971
983:Simon, 1879
943:Simon, 1879
902:Avram, 1971
880:Avram, 1971
669:Simon, 1879
632:Simon, 1879
606:Simon, 1879
448:Simon, 1879
206:Troguloidea
166:Chelicerata
162:Subphylum:
1806:Harvestmen
1800:Categories
1753:harvestmen
1543:Trogulidae
1513:Trogulidae
1478:Trogulidae
1459:2023-12-15
1418:2019-04-28
1378:References
1268:C. L. Koch
1215:C. L. Koch
1163:C. L. Koch
1051:C. L. Koch
1002:Dahl, 1903
930:C. L. Koch
914:C. L. Koch
801:Kofiniotis
325:chelicerae
317:harvestmen
313:Trogulidae
267:Kofiniotis
216:Trogulidae
192:Suborder:
156:Arthropoda
24:Trogulidae
1334:(fossil:
835:Latreille
375:monkshood
329:pedipalps
284:Diversity
221:Sundevall
186:Opiliones
176:Arachnida
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
1575:BugGuide
1551:BioLib:
1528:Q2312673
1522:Wikidata
1298:Linnaeus
1285:Dalmatia
1221:Dalmatia
869:Baleares
830:Trogulus
535:H. Lucas
513:(Europe)
481:Sardinia
466:Baleares
371:Trogulus
349:Caucasus
343:and the
274:Trogulus
212:Family:
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
1671:1012469
1632:3253446
1300:, 1758)
1107:, 1763)
1105:Scopoli
1028:Balkans
972:Balkans
610:Corsica
563:Balkans
537:, 1846)
511:Balkans
388:Species
382:trogein
229:Genera
196:Dyspnoi
182:Order:
172:Class:
1723:245086
1710:973733
1697:118607
1658:109400
1645:354551
1580:254262
1567:361441
1492:
1336:Eocene
1203:, 1940
1201:Roewer
1165:, 1856
987:Israel
968:, 1903
854:, 1879
837:, 1802
768:Rhodes
496:Sicily
347:, the
345:Levant
223:, 1833
1751:This
1653:IRMNG
1606:16043
1554:18914
1081:Corfu
991:Egypt
852:Simon
731:Crete
1757:stub
1692:NCBI
1666:ITIS
1627:GBIF
1562:BOLD
1490:ISBN
966:Dahl
365:Name
327:and
35:Preęž’
1679:NBN
1593:HJM
1588:CoL
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