1236:
808:(not including the male quetzal's 3-foot-long (0.91 m) tail streamers). Their legs and feet are weak and short, and trogons are essentially unable to walk beyond a very occasional shuffle along a branch. They are even incapable of turning around on a branch without using their wings. The ratio of leg muscle to body weight in trogons is only 3%, the lowest known ratio of any bird. The arrangement of toes on the feet of trogons is also unique among birds, although essentially resembling the zygodactyl's two forward two backward arrangement of parrots and other near-passerines, the actual toes are arranged with usually inner hallux being the outer hind toe, an arrangement that is referred to as
784:
1288:
542:
699:
1488:
1445:
134:
1330:
951:. Males will respond quickly to playbacks of their calls and will repel other members of the same species and even other hole-nesting species from around their nesting sites. Males attract females by singing, and, in the case of the resplendent quetzal, undertaking display flights. Some species have been observed in small flocks of 3–12 individuals prior to and sometimes during the breeding season, calling and chasing each other, but the function of these flocks is unclear.
184:
1780:
932:
1746:
643:
844:, trogons do not fly often or for great distances, generally flying no more than a few hundred metres at a time. Only the montane species tend to make long-distance flights. Shorter flights tend to be direct and swift, but longer flights are slightly undulating. Their flight can be surprisingly silent (for observers), although that of a few species is reportedly quite noisy.
346:
825:
878:
trogons on all continents have been reported to shift about on branches to always keep their less brightly coloured backs turned towards observers, while their heads, which like owls can turn through 180 degrees, keep a watch on the watcher. Trogons have reportedly been preyed upon by hawks and predatory mammals; one report was of a
979:, where apparently the male takes no part), with the male taking one long incubation stint a day and the female incubating the rest of the time. Incubation seems to begin after the last egg is laid. The incubation period varies by species, usually lasting between 16–19 days. On hatching the chicks are
894:
Trogons feed principally on insects, other arthropods, and fruit; to a lesser extent some small vertebrates such as lizards are taken. Among the insect prey taken one of the more important types are caterpillars; along with cuckoos, trogons are one of the few birds groups to regularly prey upon them.
820:
of many species is iridescent, although not in most of the Asian species. The
African trogons are generally green on the back with red bellies. The New World trogons similarly have green or deep blue upperparts but are more varied in their lowerparts. The Asian species tend towards red underparts and
607:
seemingly basal in the family, and the other two lineages, the Asian and
American, breaking off between 20–36 million years ago. More recent studies show that the DNA evidence gives contradictory results concerning the basal phylogenetic relationships; so it is currently unknown if all extant trogons
966:
nests. Nest cavities can either be deep upward slanting tubes that lead to fully enclosed chambers, or much shallower open niches (from which the bird is visible). Nests are dug with the beak, incidentally giving the family its name. Nest digging may be undertaken by the male alone or by both sexes.
902:
The extent to which each food type is taken varies depending on geography and species. The three
African trogons are exclusively insectivorous, whereas the Asian and American genera consume varying amounts of fruit. Diet is somewhat correlated with size, with larger species feeding more on fruit and
558:
The position of the trogons within the class Aves has been a long-standing mystery. A variety of relations have been suggested, including the parrots, cuckoos, toucans, jacamars and puffbirds, rollers, owls and nightjars. More recent morphological and molecular evidence has suggested a relationship
910:
flight, where a trogon flies from an observation perch to a target on another branch or in foliage. Once there the birds hovers or stalls and snatches the item before returning to its perch to consume the item. This type of foraging is commonly used by some types of bird to obtain insect prey; in
877:
Trogons are generally inactive outside of infrequent feeding flights. Among birdwatchers and biologists it has been noted that "part from their great beauty are notorious ... for their lack of other immediately engaging qualities". Their lack of activity is possibly a defence against predation;
770:
and evidence has been accumulated for a number of other species. The Narina trogon of Africa is thought to undertake some localised short-distance migrations over parts of its range, for example birds of
Zimbabwe's plateau savannah depart after the breeding season. A complete picture of these
812:. The strong bill is short and the gape wide, particularly in the fruit eating quetzals, with a slight hook at the end. There is also a notch at the end of the bill and many species have slight serrations in the mandibles. The skin is exceptionally tender, making preparation of
1003:
Trogons and quetzals are considered to be "among the most beautiful of birds", yet they are also often reclusive and seldom seen. Little is known about much of their biology, and much of what is known about them comes from the research of neotropical species by the
710:
The majority of trogons are birds of tropical and subtropical forests. They have a cosmopolitan distribution in the worlds wet tropics, being found in the
Americas, Africa and Asia. A few species are distributed into the temperate zone, with one species, the
158:
731:
habitats, but preferentially inhabits forests. Most other species are more restricted in their habitat, with several species being restricted to undisturbed primary forest. Within forests they tend to be found in the mid-story, occasionally in the canopy.
970:
The nests of trogons are thought to usually be unlined. Between two and four eggs are laid in a nesting attempt. These are round and generally glossy white or lightly coloured (buff, grey, blue or green), although they get increasingly dirty during
600:
The family had been thought to have an Old World origin notwithstanding the current richness of the family, which is more diverse in the
Neotropical New World. DNA evidence seemed to support an African origin for the trogons, with the African genus
2255:
Oliveros, Carl H.; Andersen, Michael J.; Hosner, Peter A.; Mauck, William M.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Cracraft, Joel; Moyle, Robert G. (2020). "Rapid
Laurasian diversification of a pantropical bird family during the Oligocene–Miocene transition".
967:
In the case of nests dug into tree trunks, the wood must be strong enough not to collapse but soft enough to dig out. Trogons have been observed landing on dead tree trunks and slapping the wood with their tails, presumably to test the firmness.
856:
of trogons are generally loud and uncomplex, consisting of monosyllabic hoots and whistles delivered in varying patterns and sequences. The calls of the quetzals and the two
Caribbean genera are the most complex. Among the Asian genera the
766:. A small number of species are known to make smaller migratory movements, particularly montane species which move to lower altitudes during different seasons. This has been demonstrated using radio tracking in the resplendent quetzal in
799:
The trogons as a family are fairly uniform in appearance, having compact bodies and long tails (very long in the case of the quetzals), and short necks. Trogons range in size from the 23 cm (9.1 in), 40 g (1.4 oz)
869:, are remarkably uniform. In addition to the territorial and breeding calls given by males and females during the breeding seasons, trogons have been recorded as having aggression calls given by competing males and alarm calls.
563:. The unique arrangement of the toes on the foot (see morphology and flight) has led many to consider the trogons to have no close relatives; to place them in their own order, possibly with the similarly atypical
919:. Frogs, lizards and large insects on the ground may also be pounced on from the air. More rarely some trogons may shuffle along a branch to obtain insects, insect eggs and very occasionally nestling birds.
1984:
Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R. C. K.; Braun, E. L.; Braun, M. J.; Chojnowski, J. L.; Cox, W. A.; Han, K.-L. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds
Reveals Their Evolutionary History".
1235:
1898:
157:
719:
of Africa is slightly exceptional in that it utilises a wider range of habitats than any other trogon, ranging from dense forest to fairly open savannah, and from the
Equator to southern
529:, although some species undertake partial local movements. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They are the only type of animal with a
525:, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons are generally not
865:) has the most atypical call of any trogon, research has not yet established whether the closely related Javan trogon has a similar call. The calls of the other Asian genus,
911:
trogons and quetzals it is also used to pluck fruit from trees. Insect prey may also be taken on the wing, with the trogon pursuing flying insects in a similar manner to
735:
Some species, particularly the quetzals, are adapted to cooler montane forest. There are a number of insular species; these include a number of species found in the
3375:
3159:
3401:
3185:
2546:
2459:
593:), and in Oligocene and Miocene deposits from Switzerland and France respectively. The oldest New World fossil of a trogon is from the comparatively recent
1875:
2410:
3455:
611:
The trogons are split into three subfamilies, each reflecting one of these splits, Aplodermatinae is the African subfamily and contains a single genus,
2195:
3349:
3133:
3388:
3172:
2479:
Windsor, D. M. (1976). "Birds as Predators on the Brood of Polybia Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in a Costa Rican Deciduous Forest".
2322:
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respectively. Outside of South East Asia and the Caribbean, however, trogons are generally absent from islands, especially oceanic ones.
1855:
991:, which may take twice as long. The nestling period varies by species and size, with smaller species generally taking 16 to 17 days to
2067:
816:
difficult for museum curators. The skeletons of trogons are surprisingly slender, particularly the skulls which are very thin. The
266:
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The wings are short but strong, with the wing muscle ratio being around 22% of the body weight. In spite of the strength of their
1915:
McCormack, John E.; Harvey, Michael G.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Crawford, Nicholas G.; Glenn, Travis C.; Brumfield, Robb T. (2013).
2879:
1660:
783:
541:
2894:
2884:
2058:
Collar, N.J. (2001). "Family Trogonidae (Trogons)", pp. 80–129 in del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds.). (2001)
1669:
1642:
3393:
3177:
1287:
2079:
Kristoffersen, Anette Vedding (2002). "An early Paleocene Trogon (Aves: trogoniformes) from the Fur Formation, Denmark".
2339:
Dacosta, J & Klicka, J. (2008). "The Great American Interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus
728:
1487:
3287:
3081:
2889:
2224:"A re-evaluation of basal phylogenetic relationships within trogons (Aves: Trogonidae) based on nuclear DNA sequences"
1651:
698:
183:
687:
3406:
3190:
2515:
2428:
2092:
2387:
533:
toe arrangement. They nest in holes dug into trees or termite nests, laying 2–4 white or pastel-coloured eggs.
646:
The tendons of the foot, showing the arrangement with a reversed second toe. The plantar tendon on the front (
2193:
Moyle, Robert G. (2005). "Phylogeny and biogeographical history of Trogoniformes, a pantropical bird order".
1917:"A Phylogeny of Birds Based on over 1,500 Loci Collected by Target Enrichment and High-Throughput Sequencing"
1876:"Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)"
682:
suggested the genus originated in Central America and radiated into South America after the formation of the
2906:
3460:
3011:
2761:
2746:
1421:
1394:
983:, blind and naked. The chicks acquire feathers rapidly in some of the montane species, in the case of the
627:, consisting of two species in Java and Sumatra, has only recently been accepted as a separate genus from
146:
133:
3427:
3292:
3211:
3086:
2989:
2936:
2866:
2751:
1826:
1731:
1624:
1615:
1403:
801:
788:
736:
283:
2741:
1385:
1329:
715:, reaching the south of the United States, specifically southern Arizona and the surrounding area. The
2615:
1444:
3313:
3107:
3058:
2984:
2295:
1994:
1938:
1817:
916:
771:
movements is however lacking. Trogons are difficult to study as their thick tarsi (feet bones) make
2974:
2931:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2821:
2811:
2671:
1799:
1722:
1704:
1695:
1534:
1525:
1507:
1264:
988:
976:
936:
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2172:
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2096:
2018:
1928:
1473:
944:
178:
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for "nibbling" and refers to the fact that these birds gnaw holes in trees to make their nests.
3432:
3216:
906:
Prey is almost always obtained on the wing. The most commonly employed foraging technique is a
3414:
3300:
3198:
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2926:
2851:
2826:
2816:
2756:
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2731:
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2010:
1966:
1713:
1543:
1516:
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683:
142:
3164:
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2488:
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2154:
2123:
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2002:
1956:
1946:
1890:
1835:
1779:
1561:
1430:
1358:
1008:
972:
813:
387:
166:
3226:
3049:
995:, whereas larger species may take as long as 30 days, although 23–25 days is more typical.
631:. The remaining subfamily, the Neotropical Trogoninae, contains the remaining four genera,
2979:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2701:
2625:
1808:
1597:
1579:
1570:
1316:
984:
907:
897:
674:
are possibly derived from the final and most numerous genus of trogons in the Neotropics,
478:
379:
1588:
1998:
1942:
833:
2901:
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1961:
1916:
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335:
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35:
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571:
547:
510:
455:
451:
317:
91:
2588:
2563:
Riehl, Christina (2008). "Communal Calling And Prospecting By Black-Headed Trogons (
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2100:
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2022:
1787:
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1464:
1307:
1012:
772:
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53:
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1951:
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841:
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251:
66:
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1016:
767:
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650:) splits into two sections, and enters the front toes while the hind plantar (
603:
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578:
491:
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305:
299:
111:
76:
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2006:
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329:
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238:
195:
116:
60:
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2014:
1970:
958:. Nests are dug into rotting wood or termite nests, with one species, the
345:
17:
3247:
3073:
3028:
948:
744:
215:
106:
101:
86:
81:
71:
3279:
824:
2647:
2542:
2500:
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2168:
2114:
Mayr, Gerald (2005). "New trogons from the early Tertiary of Germany".
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817:
809:
530:
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121:
96:
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The earliest formally described fossil specimen is a cranium from the
3367:
3151:
2610:
2580:
992:
912:
883:
586:
552:
518:
496:
450:. They might constitute a member of the basal radiation of the order
447:
443:
205:
3354:
3138:
3005:
2534:
2492:
2447:
2159:
2142:
923:
will consume wasps and wasp larvae encountered while digging nests.
895:
Some caterpillars are known to be poisonous to trogons though, like
690:), thus making trogons relatively recent arrivals in South America.
3331:
3125:
723:. It is the most widespread and successful of all the trogons. The
666:
on Hispaniola), and are extremely ancient. The two quetzal genera,
2639:
2060:
Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 6 Mousebirds to Hornbills
1933:
930:
823:
782:
697:
641:
608:
are descended from an African or an American ancestor or neither.
540:
522:
439:
2429:"The Diets of Neotropical Trogons, Motmots, Barbets and Toucans"
963:
748:
706:
is one of two species restricted to the islands of the Caribbean
375:
225:
3009:
2619:
446:
record of the trogons dates back 49 million years to the Early
463:
423:
3318:
3112:
795:
in the plumage. The female is on the left, male on the right.
489:, where four genera, containing 24 species, occur. The genus
30:
This article is about bird family Trogonidae. For bird genus
1019:
industry in particular to view quetzals in Central America.
975:. Both parents incubate the eggs (except in the case of the
615:
Harpactinae is the Asian subfamily and contains two genera,
417:
2228:
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
2093:
10.1671/0272-4634(2001)022[0661:AEPTAT]2.0.CO;2
396:
514:, containing twelve species, are found in southeast Asia.
405:
804:
to the 40 cm (16 in), 210 g (7.4 oz)
411:
402:
987:
in a week, but more slowly in lowland species like the
2427:
Remsen J. V. Jr.; Hyde M. A. & Chapman A. (1993).
438:. The family Trogonidae contains 46 species in seven
426:
414:
408:
581:). Other trogoniform fossils have been found in the
393:
390:
3237:
3018:
2963:
2945:
2800:
2775:
2710:
2685:
2655:
2637:
1874:Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G. P. (2003).
420:
399:
2222:Johansson, U. S.; Ericson, P. G. P. (1 May 2005).
2388:"Fruits and the Ecology of Resplendent Quetzals"
2141:Espinosa de los Monteros, Alejandro (Oct 1998).
2289:
2287:
2143:"Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Trogons"
1011:. Trogons are nevertheless popular birds with
8:
828:Skull of a trogon showing the presence of a
3006:
2616:
2474:
2472:
1198:Phylogeny of genera based on Moyle (2005)
762:, with no species known to undertake long
344:
154:
132:
45:
2308:: species limits and conservation status"
2239:
2196:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2158:
1960:
1950:
1932:
2294:Collar, N. & Van Ballen, S. (2002).
1219:
2188:
2186:
1866:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
903:smaller species focusing on insects.
7:
434:which contains only one family, the
2062:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
1856:List of Trogoniformes by population
1150:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
727:of Mexico is also able to use more
2081:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
678:. A 2008 study of the genetics of
654:) splits and enters the hind toes.
25:
3456:Extant Ypresian first appearances
2569:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
2552:from the original on 2015-09-29.
2465:from the original on 2014-11-03.
2416:from the original on 2014-11-03.
2357:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03647.x
2328:from the original on 2014-03-13.
2241:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00292.x
2209:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00435.x
2128:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00421.x
1904:from the original on 2006-05-24.
1895:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
1778:
1744:
1486:
1443:
1328:
1286:
1234:
882:taken while brooding young by a
386:
182:
2607:on the Internet Bird Collection
1661:Amazonian black-throated trogon
633:Trogon, Priotelus, Pharomachrus
1670:Atlantic black-throated trogon
1643:Northern black-throated trogon
662:were formerly different ones (
1:
2516:"Life History of the Quetzal"
658:The two Caribbean species of
1952:10.1371/journal.pone.0054848
567:as their closest relatives.
1652:Choco black-throated trogon
3482:
2386:Wheelwright N. T. (1983).
688:Great American Interchange
648:flexor perforans digitorum
29:
3466:Taxa named by René Lesson
1417:Harpactes erythrocephalus
1312:Apalharpactes reinwardtii
1170:
1155:
1148:
1123:
1099:
1075:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1037:
477:Trogons are residents of
458:or be closely related to
357: global distribution
352:
343:
296:
291:
179:Scientific classification
177:
165:
153:
140:
131:
48:
2611:Tree of Life: Trogonidae
2296:"The Blue-tailed Trogon
1883:Journal of Avian Biology
1015:, and there is a modest
999:Relationship with humans
694:Distribution and habitat
481:worldwide. The greatest
355:
2907:Northern Surucua trogon
2628:: Trogoniformes ·
2007:10.1126/science.1157704
1813:Pharomachrus antisianus
1269:Apaloderma aequatoriale
832:process (bpg.p.) and a
743:as well as two species
597:(less than 2.588 mya).
2876:Black-throated trogon
2762:Orange-breasted trogon
2747:Cinnamon-rumped trogon
1840:Pharomachrus pavoninus
1629:Trogon aurantiiventris
1422:Orange-breasted trogon
1395:Cinnamon-rumped trogon
1320:Apalharpactes mackloti
940:
837:
796:
789:scarlet-rumped trogons
758:Trogons are generally
707:
655:
652:flexor longus hallucis
585:deposits from the mid-
555:
537:Evolution and taxonomy
147:Khao Yai National Park
3428:Paleobiology Database
3212:Paleobiology Database
2990:Golden-headed quetzal
2937:Lattice-tailed trogon
2867:Orange-bellied trogon
2752:Scarlet-rumped trogon
2565:Trogon melanocephalus
2407:10.1093/auk/100.2.286
1831:Pharomachrus auriceps
1827:Golden-headed quetzal
1822:Pharomachrus fulgidus
1732:Lattice-tailed trogon
1625:Orange-bellied trogon
1616:Coppery-tailed trogon
1512:Trogon melanocephalus
1478:Priotelus roseigaster
1404:Scarlet-rumped trogon
1399:Harpactes orrhophaeus
934:
917:Old World flycatchers
827:
802:scarlet-rumped trogon
786:
779:Morphology and flight
739:, one species in the
701:
645:
544:
2985:White-tipped quetzal
2514:Skutch A.F. (1944).
1818:White-tipped quetzal
1804:Pharomachrus mocinno
1673:Trogon chrysochloros
1408:Harpactes duvaucelii
1390:Harpactes whiteheadi
169:song, recorded near
2975:Resplendent quetzal
2932:Slaty-tailed trogon
2922:Green-backed trogon
2917:Black-tailed trogon
2912:Blue-crowned trogon
2822:White-tailed trogon
2812:Black-headed trogon
2672:Bare-cheeked trogon
1999:2008Sci...320.1763H
1993:(5884): 1763–1768.
1943:2013PLoSO...854848M
1800:Resplendent quetzal
1770:Euptilotis neoxenus
1723:Slaty-tailed trogon
1705:Black-tailed trogon
1696:Blue-crowned trogon
1535:White-tailed trogon
1526:Green-backed trogon
1508:Black-headed trogon
1354:Harpactes fasciatus
1278:Apaloderma vittatum
1265:Bare-cheeked trogon
989:black-headed trogon
977:bare-cheeked trogon
954:Trogons are cavity
937:resplendent quetzal
880:resplendent quetzal
806:resplendent quetzal
775:studies difficult.
495:contains the three
2792:Hispaniolan trogon
2742:Whitehead's trogon
1656:Trogon cupreicauda
1474:Hispaniolan trogon
1469:Priotelus temnurus
1426:Harpactes oreskios
1386:Whitehead's trogon
941:
939:entering his nest.
921:Violaceous trogons
838:
797:
708:
656:
556:
3443:
3442:
3415:Open Tree of Life
3199:Open Tree of Life
3012:Taxon identifiers
3003:
3002:
2927:Ecuadorian trogon
2852:White-eyed trogon
2817:Citreoline trogon
2757:Red-headed trogon
2737:Philippine trogon
2677:Bar-tailed trogon
2345:Molecular Ecology
2270:10.1111/ibi.12707
1847:
1846:
1736:Trogon clathratus
1714:Ecuadorian trogon
1638:Trogon personatus
1566:Trogon ramonianus
1517:Citreoline trogon
1413:Red-headed trogon
1377:Philippine trogon
1372:Harpactes diardii
1363:Harpactes kasumba
1274:Bar-tailed trogon
1260:Apaloderma narina
1202:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1136:
1135:
1112:
1111:
1088:
1087:
960:violaceous trogon
793:sexual dimorphism
684:Isthmus of Panama
362:
361:
287:
270:
159:
143:red-headed trogon
16:(Redirected from
3473:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3422:
3410:
3409:
3397:
3396:
3384:
3383:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3322:
3321:
3309:
3308:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3194:
3193:
3181:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3155:
3154:
3142:
3141:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3007:
2995:Pavonine quetzal
2837:Amazonian trogon
2727:Red-naped trogon
2617:
2593:
2592:
2581:10.1676/07-025.1
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2520:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2392:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2312:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2162:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2076:
2070:
2056:
2027:
2026:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1936:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1880:
1871:
1836:Pavonine quetzal
1794:
1782:
1760:
1748:
1709:Trogon melanurus
1691:Trogon aurantius
1687:Brazilian trogon
1682:Trogon surrucura
1584:Trogon mexicanus
1575:Trogon caligatus
1562:Amazonian trogon
1557:Trogon violaceus
1539:Trogon chionurus
1521:Trogon citreolus
1502:
1490:
1459:
1447:
1381:Harpactes ardens
1359:Red-naped trogon
1344:
1332:
1302:
1290:
1250:
1238:
1220:
1151:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1009:Alexander Skutch
890:Diet and feeding
686:(as part of the
479:tropical forests
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
358:
356:
348:
282:
265:
187:
186:
167:Red-naped trogon
161:
160:
136:
126:
63:
52:Temporal range:
46:
21:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3426:
3418:
3413:
3405:
3400:
3392:
3387:
3379:
3374:
3366:
3361:
3353:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3233:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2980:Crested quetzal
2959:
2941:
2857:Collared trogon
2847:Mountain trogon
2842:Gartered trogon
2796:
2771:
2706:
2702:Sumatran trogon
2681:
2651:
2633:
2601:
2596:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2535:10.2307/1364045
2518:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2493:10.2307/2989631
2478:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2448:10.2307/1369399
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2310:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2160:10.2307/4089512
2140:
2139:
2135:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2057:
2030:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1809:Crested quetzal
1792:
1758:
1647:Trogon tenellus
1620:Trogon ambiguus
1602:Trogon collaris
1598:Collared trogon
1580:Mountain trogon
1571:Gartered trogon
1500:
1458:G.R. Gray, 1840
1457:
1435:Harpactes wardi
1342:
1317:Sumatran trogon
1301:Bonaparte, 1854
1300:
1248:
1229:Living Species
1193:
1184:
1137:
1113:
1089:
1025:
1001:
985:mountain trogon
929:
898:Arsenura armida
892:
875:
850:
810:heterodactylous
781:
696:
589:in Germany (49
577:in Denmark (54
539:
389:
385:
354:
353:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
281:
264:
181:
155:
127:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
58:
57:
50:
42:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3479:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3424:
3411:
3398:
3385:
3372:
3359:
3346:
3336:
3323:
3310:
3297:
3284:
3274:
3259:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3068:
3055:
3040:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Surucua trogon
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Elegant trogon
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Guianan trogon
2829:
2827:Baird's trogon
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Diard's trogon
2729:
2724:
2722:Malabar trogon
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2599:External links
2597:
2595:
2594:
2575:(2): 248–255.
2555:
2529:(5): 213–235.
2506:
2487:(2): 111–116.
2468:
2442:(1): 178–192.
2419:
2401:(2): 286–301.
2378:
2351:(5): 1328–43.
2331:
2283:
2264:(1): 137–152.
2247:
2234:(2): 166–173.
2214:
2203:(4): 725–738.
2182:
2153:(4): 937–954.
2133:
2122:(3): 512–518.
2106:
2087:(3): 661–666.
2071:
2028:
1976:
1907:
1889:(2): 185–197.
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1795:
1793:La Llave, 1832
1783:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1727:Trogon massena
1720:
1718:Trogon mesurus
1711:
1702:
1700:Trogon curucui
1693:
1684:
1678:Surucua trogon
1675:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1611:Trogon elegans
1607:Elegant trogon
1604:
1595:
1593:Trogon comptus
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1553:Guianan trogon
1550:
1548:Trogon bairdii
1544:Baird's trogon
1541:
1532:
1530:Trogon viridis
1523:
1514:
1503:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1460:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1368:Diard's trogon
1365:
1356:
1350:Malabar trogon
1345:
1343:Swainson, 1833
1333:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1303:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1251:
1249:Swainson, 1833
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1000:
997:
928:
925:
891:
888:
874:
871:
849:
846:
834:schizognathous
780:
777:
737:Greater Sundas
713:elegant trogon
695:
692:
538:
535:
360:
359:
350:
349:
341:
340:
294:
293:
289:
288:
276:
272:
271:
259:
255:
254:
249:
242:
241:
236:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
175:
174:
163:
162:
151:
150:
138:
137:
129:
128:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
64:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3478:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Trogoniformes
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:trogoniformes
3339:Featherbase:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3270:
3269:Trogoniformes
3264:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3239:Trogoniformes
3236:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3064:Trogoniformes
3060:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2955:Eared quetzal
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2872:Masked trogon
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2767:Ward's trogon
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2688:Apalharpactes
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Narina trogon
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:: Trogonidae)
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:Trogon videos
2603:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:Apalharpactes
2299:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
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2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:84-87334-30-X
2065:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1927:(1): e54848.
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1861:
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1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1766:Eared quetzal
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1730:
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1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
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1703:
1701:
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1668:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:Masked trogon
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1590:
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1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:Ward's trogon
1429:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:Apalharpactes
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:Narina trogon
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:Trogoniformes
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:ornithologist
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
968:
965:
962:, nesting in
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
938:
933:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
904:
901:
899:
889:
887:
885:
881:
872:
870:
868:
864:
863:Apalharpactes
860:
855:
847:
845:
843:
835:
831:
830:basipterygoid
826:
822:
821:brown backs.
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
794:
790:
785:
778:
776:
774:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
726:
725:eared quetzal
722:
718:
717:Narina trogon
714:
705:
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
653:
649:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Apalharpactes
622:
621:Apalharpactes
618:
614:
609:
606:
605:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
572:Fur Formation
568:
566:
562:
554:
550:
549:
548:Masillatrogon
543:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
517:They feed on
515:
513:
512:
511:Apalharpactes
507:
506:
502:. The genera
501:
498:
494:
493:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Passeriformes
453:
452:Coraciiformes
449:
445:
441:
437:
431:
384:
383:Trogoniformes
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
351:
347:
342:
339:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
325:
320:
319:
318:Apalharpactes
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
301:
295:
290:
285:
280:
277:
274:
273:
268:
263:
262:Trogoniformes
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
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190:
185:
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176:
172:
168:
164:
152:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
55:
47:
44:
40:
38:
33:
19:
3238:
3019:
2966:Pharomachrus
2964:
2946:
2801:
2787:Cuban trogon
2776:
2711:
2697:Javan trogon
2686:
2656:
2646:
2638:
2621:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2526:
2522:
2509:
2484:
2480:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2200:
2194:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2059:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1886:
1882:
1869:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1788:Pharomachrus
1786:
1785:
1769:
1752:
1751:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1665:Trogon rufus
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1589:Chocó trogon
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1494:
1493:
1477:
1468:
1465:Cuban trogon
1451:
1450:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1336:
1335:
1319:
1311:
1308:Javan trogon
1294:
1293:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1242:
1241:
1212:
1206:
1173:Pharomachrus
1172:
1171:
1157:
1156:
1125:
1124:
1101:
1100:
1077:
1076:
1062:
1061:
1023:Species list
1013:birdwatchers
1002:
969:
953:
943:Trogons are
942:
905:
896:
893:
876:
866:
862:
851:
839:
798:
757:
734:
721:South Africa
709:
704:Cuban trogon
679:
675:
671:
668:Pharomachrus
667:
663:
659:
657:
651:
647:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
610:
602:
599:
575:Lower Eocene
569:
557:
546:
531:heterodactyl
516:
509:
503:
490:
476:
467:
435:
382:
369:
365:
363:
334:
328:
324:Pharomachrus
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
297:
278:
261:
245:
232:
56:to present,
54:Early Eocene
43:
36:
31:
3363:iNaturalist
3263:Wikispecies
3147:iNaturalist
3044:Wikispecies
2321:: 121–125.
2306:reinwardtii
1759:Gould, 1858
1501:Gould, 1836
945:territorial
908:sally-glean
814:study skins
741:Philippines
664:Temnotrogon
613:Apaloderma.
595:Pleistocene
561:Coliiformes
466:. The word
252:Eucavitaves
149:, Thailand
3450:Categories
3050:Trogonidae
3020:Trogonidae
2947:Euptilotis
2658:Apaloderma
2481:Biotropica
1862:References
1754:Euptilotis
1244:Apaloderma
1213:Trogonidae
1158:Euptilotis
1078:Apaloderma
1017:ecotourism
973:incubation
949:monogamous
791:, showing
787:A pair of
768:Costa Rica
764:migrations
753:Hispaniola
672:Euptilotis
637:Euptilotis
604:Apaloderma
583:Messel pit
565:mousebirds
545:Fossil of
492:Apaloderma
487:Neotropics
485:is in the
460:mousebirds
454:and order
436:Trogonidae
306:Euptilotis
300:Apaloderma
279:Trogonidae
59:49–0
18:Trogonidae
3254:Q14566629
2880:Amazonian
2778:Priotelus
2713:Harpactes
2298:Harpactes
2278:1474-919X
1934:1210.1604
1453:Priotelus
1338:Harpactes
1146:Quetzals
1126:Priotelus
1063:Harpactes
981:altricial
873:Behaviour
867:Harpactes
760:sedentary
660:Priotelus
629:Harpactes
617:Harpactes
559:with the
527:migratory
505:Harpactes
483:diversity
330:Priotelus
312:Harpactes
239:Cavitaves
202:Kingdom:
196:Eukaryota
173:, Brunei
3277:BioLib:
3248:Wikidata
3071:BioLib:
3029:Wikidata
2895:Northern
2885:Atlantic
2589:83762310
2547:Archived
2460:Archived
2411:Archived
2373:25090736
2365:18302692
2323:Archived
2315:Forktail
2177:86900475
2101:86016957
2015:18583609
1971:23382987
1921:PLOS ONE
1899:Archived
1850:See also
927:Breeding
861:trogon (
859:Sumatran
371:quetzals
275:Family:
216:Chordata
212:Phylum:
206:Animalia
192:Domain:
3035:Q191469
2648:Species
2622:Trogons
2543:1364045
2501:2989631
2456:1369399
2169:4089512
2147:The Auk
2023:6472805
1995:Bibcode
1987:Science
1962:3558522
1939:Bibcode
1211:Family
956:nesters
935:A male
913:drongos
818:plumage
773:ringing
745:endemic
519:insects
500:species
497:African
378:in the
366:trogons
292:Genera
258:Order:
222:Class:
141:A male
49:Trogons
39:(genus)
3420:539130
3394:178093
3332:1TRGNO
3224:uBio:
3204:539129
3178:178094
3165:104677
3126:1TRGNF
2803:Trogon
2630:family
2587:
2541:
2523:Condor
2499:
2454:
2436:Condor
2371:
2363:
2341:Trogon
2276:
2175:
2167:
2099:
2066:
2021:
2013:
1969:
1959:
1496:Trogon
1205:Order
1102:Trogon
993:fledge
884:margay
842:flight
836:palate
680:Trogon
676:Trogon
587:Eocene
553:Messel
468:trogon
448:Eocene
444:fossil
442:. The
440:genera
336:Trogon
286:, 1828
284:Lesson
269:, 1886
171:Bangar
37:Trogon
34:, see
32:Trogon
3433:90349
3407:56308
3381:11012
3376:IRMNG
3368:20715
3293:69525
3227:21703
3217:39392
3191:56309
3160:IRMNG
3152:20716
3087:69526
3074:23043
2890:Choco
2640:Genus
2626:order
2585:S2CID
2550:(PDF)
2539:JSTOR
2519:(PDF)
2497:JSTOR
2463:(PDF)
2452:JSTOR
2432:(PDF)
2414:(PDF)
2391:(PDF)
2369:S2CID
2326:(PDF)
2311:(PDF)
2173:S2CID
2165:JSTOR
2097:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1929:arXiv
1902:(PDF)
1879:(PDF)
1226:Genus
1223:Image
854:calls
848:Calls
729:xeric
551:from
523:fruit
472:Greek
380:order
376:birds
246:Clade
233:Clade
3402:NCBI
3389:ITIS
3355:1449
3350:GBIF
3327:EPPO
3319:8670
3288:BOLD
3280:8784
3186:NCBI
3173:ITIS
3139:9356
3134:GBIF
3121:EPPO
3113:8671
3082:BOLD
2567:)".
2361:PMID
2274:ISSN
2258:Ibis
2116:Ibis
2064:ISBN
2011:PMID
1967:PMID
964:wasp
947:and
915:and
852:The
751:and
749:Cuba
702:The
670:and
635:and
619:and
521:and
508:and
464:owls
462:and
374:are
368:and
364:The
226:Aves
67:PreꞒ
3314:EoL
3306:49P
3301:CoL
3108:EoL
3100:HJJ
3095:CoL
3059:ADW
2577:doi
2573:120
2531:doi
2489:doi
2444:doi
2403:doi
2399:100
2395:Auk
2353:doi
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2266:doi
2262:162
2236:doi
2205:doi
2155:doi
2151:115
2124:doi
2120:147
2089:doi
2003:doi
1991:320
1957:PMC
1947:doi
1891:doi
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591:mya
579:mya
470:is
418:ɔːr
267:AOU
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