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645:: The resurgence of regional architectures, including Tropical Modernism, is noted in international architectural discourse. This style allows for the exploration of regionalized aesthetics, encouraging reflective design practices that contemplate environmental and human contingencies. It challenges the globalized mainstream architectural aesthetics, promoting a more contextual and thoughtful architectural practice.
27:
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appropriateness to Hawaii's unique landscape characteristics, portraying a harmonious blend between modern architectural principles and local cultural and geographic contexts. He was known for his conviction-driven, no-nonsense approach towards architecture, waging what he called a "war on ugliness," which was brought on by dismal architectural design and rampant over-development in the
Hawaiian Islands.
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621:: Approximately 50% of the world's population resides in the tropical belt, where the fastest-growing cities are located, along with 70% of the forests that help contain CO2 emissions. The principles of Tropical Modernism are crucial for designing coherent and adapted architecture in these regions, recognizing the values of tropicality along with its specificities.
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One of the quintessential features of
Tropical Modernism is the blurring of indoor and outdoor spaces to promote natural ventilation and a sense of openness. This is often achieved through the use of large openings, verandas, courtyards, and other transitional spaces, which encourage the flow of air
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Tropical
Modernism manifested differently across various regions, reflecting the unique cultural, political, and environmental conditions of each area. In West Africa, for instance, the movement was intertwined with political power and national identity. Similarly, in regions like Latin America and
207:
Tropical
Modernism is characterized by its seamless integration of modernist principles with tropical vernacular architectures. The style places a significant emphasis on environmental responsiveness, often characterized by extensive use of local materials, passive cooling strategies, and a strong
189:
The period of decolonization in many tropical regions contributed to the rise of
Tropical Modernism, as emerging nations sought to express their newly found national identities through architecture. The movement became a means to reflect a blend of modernity and tradition in architectural designs.
171:
The early pioneers of
Tropical Modernism include architects like Geoffrey Bawa in Sri Lanka, whose work demonstrated a profound understanding of the local climate and culture, blending modernist principles with traditional vernacular architecture. Similarly, architects like Charles Correa in India
605:
However, it's essential to note that the term "Tropical
Modernism" itself, as a broader movement beyond Ossipoff's work, has faced criticisms for potentially carrying colonial or Eurocentric undertones, especially when applied in non-Western contexts like Africa. Critics argue that the movement,
216:
A defining characteristic of
Tropical Modernism is its responsiveness to the local climate. The design approach often incorporates passive cooling strategies, such as natural ventilation, shading, and water features, to mitigate the harsh tropical climate. Buildings designed in this style are
243:
Tropical
Modernism often incorporates architectural elements that are characteristic of the local vernacular, such as pitched roofs, wide eaves, and raised floor levels, which are adapted to modernist sensibilities. The juxtaposition of modern and traditional elements creates a distinctive
601:
and
Tropical Modernism in Hawaii are nuanced. Ossipoff, often dubbed as the "master of Hawaiian architecture," played a pivotal role in bringing the essence of Tropical Modernism to the Hawaiian Islands. His work is known for its environmental sensitivity, cultural contextualization, and
225:
The use of local materials is a hallmark of Tropical Modernism, reflecting a commitment to sustainability and a respect for local traditions. Materials such as timber, stone, and thatch are commonly used, often in innovative ways that reflect both modernist and traditional craftsmanship.
586:. The design principles of Tropical Modernism were largely tailored to cater to the comfort of colonial administrators, fostering a notion of a more productive colonial subject to counter calls for independence. Despite its Eurocentric beginnings, post-independence leaders like
309:: Known as the “master of Hawaiian architecture,” Ossipoff’s work prominently features the elements of Tropical Modernism. His designs emphasize natural ventilation, indoor-outdoor integration, and the use of local materials to create buildings suited for Hawaii’s climate.
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while aiming to blend modernist and local vernacular architectures, might inadvertently perpetuate a form of architectural colonialism or exhibit a Eurocentric bias, often by dismissing or undervaluing local architectural traditions in favor of modernist principles.
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The post-war era saw a surge in modernization efforts across many tropical countries. The need for new infrastructure and urban development provided a fertile ground for the adaptation and evolution of modernist architectural principles in tropical contexts.
301:: A Sri Lankan architect known for pioneering Tropical Modernism. His work exemplifies the integration of modernist design principles with the traditional architectural elements of Sri Lanka, creating a unique, locally adapted style of modern architecture.
571:
gained international recognition for sustainable designs embodying Tropical Modernism. This regional variant emphasized functionality, aesthetic appeal, and incorporation of natural elements, reflecting a synthesis of Modernism and "Brasilidade" or
317:: An Indian architect who significantly contributed to Tropical Modernism by integrating modern architectural forms with traditional Indian architectural elements. His design for the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Ahmedabad is a notable example.
543:, who blended Modernism with local vernacular styles. His designs highlighted the importance of environmental responsiveness and cultural sensitivity, which are now considered as seminal examples of Tropical Modernism in the Pacific region.
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Tropical Modernism has faced criticism for its colonial roots, particularly in regions such as West Africa. Initially, this architectural style was employed by colonial powers, representing a form of colonial imposition, especially in
136:
in India balanced modern architectural techniques with traditional building practices of their respective regions. Tropical Modernism's legacy continues to influence contemporary architectural practices, especially in the quest for
127:
traditions, emerging in the mid-20th century. This movement responded to the unique climatic and cultural conditions of tropical regions, primarily in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands. Pioneering architects like
340:
Tropical Modernism is epitomized in various projects that showcase the movement's key characteristics of environmental responsiveness, use of local materials, and indoor-outdoor connectivity. Here are some exemplary projects:
331:: These Brazilian architects were instrumental in the development of Tropical Modernism in Brazil, with their design for the city of BrasĂlia showcasing modernist architectural principles adapted to the tropical climate.
531:
Tropical Modernism, though rooted in modernist architectural principles, has been diversified and enlivened by its interaction with various regional vernacular traditions. Below are some regional variations:
633:, an approach that is critical in tropical climates characterized by high temperatures and humidity. Features such as sunshades, overhangs, and the use of local materials contribute to energy efficiency and
418:
369:: This museum, designed by Charles Correa, reflects the principles of Tropical Modernism with its use of local materials, passive cooling techniques, and integration of indoor and outdoor spaces.
614:
The contemporary relevance of Tropical Modernism lies in its ability to address climate-related challenges inherent to tropical regions. Several aspects underscore its modern-day significance:
351:: Designed by Geoffrey Bawa, this hotel is a quintessential example of Tropical Modernism. Its design incorporates the natural landscape, local materials, and modern architectural principles.
252:
Tropical Modernism has been significantly shaped by a number of architects who melded modern architectural principles with tropical vernacular designs. Some notable practitioners include:
285:). They drew international attention to the principles of modernism as applied to the tropical context through the establishment of the Department of Tropical Architecture at the
163:. The movement was a response to the modernist architectural approaches of the time, aiming to adapt them to the unique environmental and cultural contexts of tropical regions.
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378:: Designed by LĂşcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, this presidential palace showcases Tropical Modernism with its modernist design adapted to the tropical climate.
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271:(Ghana, Nigeria, Gambia and Sierra Leone), where they used new construction methods and innovative techniques of climate control (e.g., adjustable
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360:: Designed by Vladimir Ossipoff, this house exemplifies the seamless integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, a hallmark of Tropical Modernism.
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typically oriented to maximize natural ventilation and minimize solar heat gain, thereby reducing the reliance on mechanical cooling systems.
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551:: The style was also adapted in West Africa where it was used as a tool to assert a modern identity post-independence. Architects such as
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utilized Tropical Modern principles to design buildings suited to the local climate while embodying a modern aesthetic.
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contributed to the movement by integrating modern architectural forms with traditional Indian architectural elements.
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Southeast Asia, Tropical Modernism evolved to reflect the distinct vernacular traditions and modernization agendas.
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408:: This building is a fine example of how Tropical Modernism can be integrated into educational infrastructure.
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architectural language that reflects a synthesis of global modernist trends with local building traditions.
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Tropical Modernism originated in the mid-20th century, a period marked by post-war modernization and
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recognized the potential of Tropical Modernism for nation-building, intertwining it with
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1011:"Tropical Modernism in a Multicultural Context at the Docomomo US National Symposium"
863:"Tropical Modernism in a Multicultural Context at the Docomomo US National Symposium"
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771:"The Legacy of Modernist Architecture in Tanzania: Anthony Almeida and Beda Amuli"
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539:: In Hawaii, the style became prominent through the works of architects like
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889:"Tropical Modernism: Architecture and power in West Africa • V&A Blog"
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1086:"Tropical Modernism: The Enduring Legacy of Vladimir Ossipoff in Hawaii"
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993:"What is Tropical Modernism, and how did it find its way to Hawaii?"
954:"What is Tropical Modernism, and how did it find its way to Hawaii?"
1047:"Paulo Mendes da Rocha: Brutalist master of Brazilian architecture"
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Faculty of Architecture Building, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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1104:"Vladimir Ossipoff's Legacy on Hawaii's Modern Architecture"
801:"Tropical Modernism: Architecture and power in West Africa"
387:: Although not located in a tropical region, the design by
1143:"Design Guidelines for Contemporary Tropical Architecture"
629:: The style emphasizes passive design elements to achieve
235:
and the extension of living spaces into the landscape.
914:"Decolonizing the Foundation of Tropical Architecture"
823:"Decolonizing the Foundation of Tropical Architecture"
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to foster a sense of national identity and progress.
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696:"Tropical Modernism: A Design that Blurs Boundaries"
159:, which saw emerging national identities across the
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267:. This couple of British architects were active in
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391:incorporates key principles of Tropical Modernism.
747:"Architects and the Tropical Modernism Movement"
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427:(1939) by architectural firm Dahl & Conrad
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803:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 19 May 2023
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413:Examples of Tropical Modern Architecture
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827:ABE Journal. Architecture Beyond Europe
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291:Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone
119:is a style of architecture that merges
1029:"Concrete Jungle: Tropical Modernism"
969:
967:
7:
726:"Geoffrey Bawa's Tropical Modernism"
185:Decolonization and national identity
518:(1976) Designed by Tan Cheng Siong
1122:"Postcolonialism and architecture"
887:Turner, Christopher (2023-05-19).
643:Regional architectural expressions
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1804:20th-century architectural styles
194:Regional variations and evolution
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912:Anderson, Warwick (2021-03-26).
821:Anderson, Warwick (2021-03-26).
749:. Indonesia Design. 25 July 2020
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141:solutions in tropical climates.
1161:"Tropical Modern Architecture"
1:
1193:10.1080/10331867.2024.2348850
577:Criticism and colonial legacy
567:: In Brazil, architects like
1178:Jackson, Iain (2024-06-20).
635:environmental sustainability
627:Environmental responsiveness
212:Environmental responsiveness
698:. Architropics. 5 June 2020
478:Gandhi Memorial Institution
208:indoor-outdoor connection.
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867:Peter Meijer Architect, PC
365:Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya
167:Origins and early pioneers
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597:Perspectives surrounding
287:Architectural Association
230:Indoor-outdoor connection
123:principles with tropical
24:
1814:Sustainable architecture
666:Sustainable architecture
1824:Sustainable development
1772:Architecture portal
975:"Tropical Architecture"
773:. ArchDaily. 5 May 2023
661:Vernacular architecture
619:Sustainable development
105:Vernacular Architecture
1809:Modernist architecture
671:New Khmer Architecture
610:Contemporary relevance
592:Pan-African ideologies
498:Hawai'i Hochi Building
385:, La Jolla, California
239:Architectural elements
221:Use of local materials
176:Post-war modernization
145:Historical development
121:modernist architecture
569:Paulo Mendes da Rocha
516:Pearl Bank Apartments
396:Pearl Bank Apartments
248:Notable practitioners
91:Paulo Mendes da Rocha
1716:Critical regionalism
1298:Critical regionalism
1108:University of Hawaii
1065:"The EdifĂcio Copan"
500:(1972) by architect
442:(1952) by architect
1819:Low-energy building
1564:International style
1556:Rationalist-Fascist
1500:Stripped Classicism
1433:Stripped Classicism
1413:Rationalist-Fascist
1338:International style
1244:modern architecture
656:Modern architecture
584:British West Africa
527:Regional variations
458:Palácio do Planalto
374:Palácio do Planalto
269:British West Africa
151:Modern architecture
113:Tropical Modernism,
101:Modern Architecture
32:Palácio do Planalto
21:
16:Architectural style
1799:1950s architecture
1647:(1940s–late 1970s)
1636:Mid-century modern
1604:Postconstructivism
1548:Streamline Moderne
1428:Streamline Moderne
1393:Postconstructivism
1348:Mid-Century modern
1149:. 31 January 2020.
1017:. 16 October 2019.
383:The Salk Institute
376:, BrasĂlia, Brazil
367:, Ahmedabad, India
336:Exemplary projects
139:sustainable design
132:in Sri Lanka, and
20:Tropical Modernism
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869:. 16 October 2019
599:Vladimir Ossipoff
541:Vladimir Ossipoff
444:Vladimir Ossipoff
440:Liljestrand House
356:Liljestrand House
306:Vladimir Ossipoff
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71:Vladimir Ossipoff
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63:Geoffrey Bawa
61:
59:Major figures
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54:International
53:
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34:by architect
33:
28:
23:
1763:
1748:Contemporary
1700:Neo-futurism
1692:Blobitecture
1651:
1631:(1930s–1970)
1447:
1363:Neo-Futurism
1293:Contemporary
1273:Blobitecture
1184:Fabrications
1183:
1173:
1165:Architropics
1164:
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896:. Retrieved
893:V&A Blog
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161:Global South
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43:Years active
1663:(1953–1970)
1639:(1933–1969)
1615:(1933–1944)
1612:PWA Moderne
1599:(1910–1939)
1551:(1925–1950)
1543:(1922–1933)
1535:(1921–1929)
1532:Rondocubism
1527:(1920–1932)
1519:(1919–1933)
1511:(1917–1931)
1479:(1890–1910)
1476:Art Nouveau
1471:(1888–1911)
1443:Sustainable
1418:Rondocubism
1403:PWA Moderne
1263:Art Nouveau
918:ABE Journal
553:Maxwell Fry
549:West Africa
502:KenzĹŤ Tange
485:(1958-1963)
464:(1958-1960)
398:, Singapore
349:, Sri Lanka
322:LĂşcio Costa
258:Maxwell Fry
83:Maxwell Fry
75:LĂşcio Costa
1793:Categories
1676:Metabolism
1588:Organicism
1468:Modernisme
1388:Organicism
1353:Modernisme
1343:Metabolism
1242:Genres of
1069:Arch Daily
1051:Architonic
898:2024-04-20
873:2021-10-25
807:2023-10-26
777:2023-10-26
753:2023-10-26
732:2023-10-26
702:2023-10-26
677:References
389:Louis Kahn
125:vernacular
97:Influences
1732:Neomodern
1708:High-tech
1660:New Khmer
1644:Brutalism
1620:Stalinist
1423:Stalinist
1378:New Khmer
1368:Neomodern
1333:High-tech
1283:Bowellism
1278:Brutalism
1202:1033-1867
1147:ArchDaily
997:Archinect
979:ArchDaily
958:Archinect
940:2275-6639
849:2275-6639
557:Jane Drew
264:Jane Drew
87:Jane Drew
1751:(2000s–)
1743:(1990s–)
1735:(1990s–)
1727:(1980s–)
1719:(1980s–)
1711:(1970s–)
1703:(1960s–)
1695:(1960s–)
1687:(1960s–)
1652:Tropical
1596:Art Deco
1591:(1920s–)
1583:(1920s–)
1580:Futurism
1567:(1920s–)
1508:De Stijl
1448:Tropical
1323:Futurism
1303:De Stijl
1258:Art Deco
1090:Digs.net
650:See also
358:, Hawaii
51:Location
1679:(1959–)
1671:(1959–)
1655:(1958–)
1607:(1930s)
1516:Bauhaus
1503:(1913–)
1495:(1910–)
1268:Bauhaus
1186:: 1–6.
293:(1956).
275:, wide
273:louvers
1628:Googie
1460:decade
1328:Googie
1200:
938:
924:(18).
847:
833:(18).
565:Brazil
537:Hawaii
46:1953 —
1125:(PDF)
277:eaves
1198:ISSN
936:ISSN
845:ISSN
555:and
325:and
279:and
261:and
1188:doi
1015:PMA
926:doi
835:doi
115:or
1795::
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1077:^
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916:.
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786:^
762:^
711:^
685:^
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928::
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851:.
837::
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637:.
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