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1106:: The role of "Ariodante" was premiered by a soprano-castrato and is performed today by a mezzo-soprano; "Lurcanio" was originally written for contralto, but later rewritten by Handel for tenor. In modern performances it is generally left to the director to decide whether to use contralto (or countertenor) or a lyric tenor.
688:
Katharine
Eisaman Maus also argues that as well as revealing the female legs and buttocks, the breeches role frequently contained a revelation scene where the character not only unpins her hair but as often reveals a breast as well. This is evidenced in the portraits of many of these actresses of the
644:
and show off their bodies on stage was a great novelty, and soon the even greater sensation was introduced of women wearing male clothes on stage. Out of some 375 plays produced on the London stage between 1660 and 1700, it has been calculated that 89, nearly a quarter, contained one or more roles
609:
Because non-musical stage plays generally have no requirements for vocal range, they do not usually contain breeches roles in the same sense as opera. Some plays do have male roles that were written for adult female actors, and (for other practical reasons) are usually played by women (e.g.,
748:
for a woman or man; both commonly sing the role. When played by a mezzo, the prince looks like a woman, but sounds like a boy. When played by a counter-tenor, he looks like a man, but sings like a woman. This disparity is made even clearer if, as in this case, there is also spoken dialogue.
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769:, a female character to be played by a male singer, usually for comic or visual effect. These roles are often ugly stepsisters or very old women, and are not as common as trouser roles. As women were not allowed to sing on stage in the
802:, although written for a mezzo-soprano, is now more regularly sung by a tenor, who sings the part an octave lower. In the same opera the "male" roles of Hänsel, the Sandman, and the Dewman are however meant to be sung by women.
713:
Historically, the list of roles that are considered to be breeches roles is constantly changing, depending on the tastes of the opera-going public. In early
Italian opera, many leading operatic roles were assigned to a
692:
Breeches roles remained an attraction on the
British stage for centuries, but their fascination gradually declined as the difference in real-life male and female clothing became less extreme. They played a part in
773:
until the end of the 18th century, although not elsewhere in Europe, many female operatic roles which premiered in those areas were originally written as skirt roles for castrati (e.g. Mandane and Semira in
718:, a male castrated before puberty with a very strong and high voice. As the practice of castrating boy singers faded, composers created heroic male roles in the mezzo-soprano range, where singers such as
645:
for actresses in male clothes (see Howe). Practically every
Restoration actress appeared in trousers at some time, and breeches roles would even be inserted gratuitously in revivals of older plays.
562:. The operatic concept assumes that the character is male, and the audience accepts him as such, even knowing that the actor is not. Cross-dressing female characters (e.g., Leonore in
660:, but Elizabeth Howe has objected in a detailed study that the male disguise was "little more than yet another means of displaying the actress as a sexual object". The epilogue to
2820:
554:
In opera, a breeches role refers to any male character that is sung and acted by a female singer. Most often the character is an adolescent or a very young man, sung by a
616:); these could be considered modern-era breeches roles. However, in most cases, the choice of a female actor to play a male character is made at the production level;
2543:
2515:
1914:
Maus, Katharine
Eisaman (1979). "'Playhouse Flesh and Blood': Sexual Ideology and the Restoration Actress". New York: Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama (1996).
1305:: "Farnace" is sung by a mezzo-soprano or contralto, and "Sifare" and "Arbate" are sung by sopranos. However, "Farnace" is commonly done by a countertenor.
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500:
1115:: "Julius Caesar" was originally written for an alto-castrato and is today sung by a mezzo-soprano or countertenor; "Sesto" is sung by a soprano
670:(1690) suggests that it does not much matter if the play is dull, as long as the audience can glimpse the legs of the famous "breeches" actress
636:
When the London theatres re-opened in 1660, the first professional actresses appeared on the public stage, replacing the boys in dresses of the
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1862:'s stages too for several decades in the second half of the 18th century. The prohibition, however, was not generally observed throughout the
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1124:: the title role "Rinaldo", sung at its premiere by a castrato, is currently sung by a mezzo-soprano or a countertenor
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1182:: "Hänsel" is sung by a mezzo-soprano; The Sand-Man and The Dew-Man sung by sopranos; The Witch often sung by a tenor
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1206:: the role of "Le Prince Charmant" was written for a soprano (in some performances the role is taken by a tenor)
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1278:: "Aminta" was originally written for soprano-castrato, and in modern performances is sung by a lyric soprano
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once played Hamlet as a breeches role. When a play is spoken of as "containing" a breeches role, this
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1466:: the title role of The Boy is written for a mezzo-soprano; The Shepherd is sung by a mezzo-soprano
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1043:: Originally written for a castrato, "Orfeo" is sung by a mezzo-soprano, contralto or counter-tenor
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by allowing women to imitate the roistering and sexually aggressive behaviour of male
Restoration
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and also that of male actors dressing as female characters. Both are part of the long history of
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mean a role where a female character pretends to be a man and uses male clothing as a disguise.
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1149:: The role of "Don Ettore" is sung by a soprano and the role of "Apollonia" is sung by a tenor
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1819:(2nd edition). Rome: Baldini & Castoldi; chapter: "Nella Roma del Seicento", p by. 37 ff
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Casting directors are left with choices such as whether to cast the young Prince
Orlofsky in
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1559:: "The Child" is sung by a soprano; "The Crippled Youth" (i.e. The Poet) by a mezzo-soprano
1239:: "Nero" is sung by a soprano (today the role is often sung by a male tenor or contratenor)
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becomes more common, there are more men with these very high voices to sing these roles.
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Currently, all castrato roles are being reclaimed by men. As the training and use of
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1674:: Two novices in the all-male society of Knights of the Grail are sung by sopranos
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1535:: the title role was written for a tenor, but also was sung by mezzo-soprano
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1415:: "Fortunato, captain of the archduke's dragoons" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1102:
702:
570:
559:
251:
17:
1830:). The ban remained in force until 1798 when the French invaded Rome and a
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598:), though the latter was originally written for a male singer, first a
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1919:
The
Prostituted Muse: Images of Women and Women Dramatists 1642–1737
1490:: "Tancredi" and "Roggiero" are sung by mezzo-sopranos or contraltos
2371:
1955:
1834:
was proclaimed (Kantner, Leopold M, and
Pachovsky, Angela (1998).
1457:
1129:
1052:: Originally written for a castrato, "Paride" is sung by a soprano
1034:
724:
131:
2493:
648:
Some critics, such as
Jacqueline Pearson, have argued that these
2296:
2201:
2135:
950:, which is a high-pitched male voice, similar to a Countertenor.
2497:
1928:
1064:: "Siebel" is sung by a contralto, a mezzo-soprano or a soprano
1872:
Opera in the Tropics. Music and Theater in Early Modern Brazil
1583:: "Prince Orlofsky" is sung by a mezzo-soprano (almost always)
29:
2645:
1791:
in 1588. It was never legally enforceable in the Legations (
762:, disguised) applies to any roles sung by the opposite sex.
796:
are later examples. The role of the witch in Humperdinck's
1870:
and occasionally in Lisbon itself (Rogério Budasz (2019).
1137:, is currently sung by a mezzo-soprano or a countertenor
1454:: Ighino is sung by a soprano; Silla by a mezzo-soprano
1332:
Madame Poiretapée, Madame Madou, and Madame Beurrefondu
962:: "Cherubino" (a recreation of the same character from
876:: "Der Gymnasiast" (a Schoolboy) is sung by a contralto
722:
and Rosamunda Pisaroni specialised in such roles. (See
529:) is one in which an actress appears in male clothing.
2734:
2663:
2636:
1909:
The First English Actresses: Women and Drama 1660–1700
1133:: the title role "Xerxes", sung at its premiere by a
137:
An Actress at Her Toilet, or Miss Brazen Just Breecht
1787:
The ban on women performing on stage was imposed by
1635:: "Oscar", Gustavus III's page, is sung by a soprano
1397:: The farmer "Fragoletto" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
640:
era. To see real women speak the risqué dialogue of
27:
Theatre role in which an actress wears male clothing
2912:
2881:
2860:
2829:
2798:
2747:
2707:
2676:
2602:
2531:
2475:
2194:
2128:
2052:
1966:
1194:: Aljeja, a young Tartar is sung by a mezzo-soprano
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1644:: The page Thibault (Tebaldo) is sung by a soprano
1287:: "Cecilio" and "Lucio Cinna" are sung by sopranos
1836:6: La Cappella musicale Pontificia nell'Ottocento
1817:La grana della voce. Opere, direttori e cantanti
1406:: The young clerk "Bavolet" is sung by a soprano
1370:: The young poet "Roland" is sung by a contralto
2544:Bibliography of works on wartime cross-dressing
1595:: "The Page of Herodias" is sung by a contralto
1361:: The page "Amoroso" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1343:: "Drogan" the young baker is sung by a soprano
678:You'll hear with Patience a dull Scene, to see,
1227:: "Urbain" the page is sung by a mezzo-soprano
930:: "Gontran de Boismassif" is sung by a soprano
2654:
2509:
1940:
1874:. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 238.
1424:: "Prince Caprice" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
602:and later, in the revised French version, an
494:
8:
1296:: "Ascanio" and "Fauno" are sung by sopranos
1158:: The role of "Volpino" is sung by a soprano
1604:: "The Composer" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
921:: "Lazuli" the peddler is sung by a soprano
2594:Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries
2516:
2502:
2494:
1947:
1933:
1925:
1571:: "The Pilgrim" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
501:
487:
416:Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries
146:
2677:Contemporary organizations and gatherings
1665:: The Young Shepherd is sung by a soprano
1433:: "Nicklausse" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
684:The Female Mountford bare above the knee.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1911:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1442:: "Cupidon" (Cupid) is sung by a soprano
1330:(the kitchen boy) is sung by a soprano;
1251:: "Cherubino" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1010:: "The Kitchen Boy" is sung by a soprano
998:: "Maffio Orsini" is sung by a contralto
855:: "Nerestano" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1778:. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.
1760:. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.
1747:
1745:
1741:
1613:: "Octavian" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1547:: Tell's son Jemmy is sung by a soprano
1499:: "Falliero" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1269:: "Idamante" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1097:: "Ruggiero" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
980:: "Muley-Hassem" is sung by a contralto
846:: "Viscardo" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
149:
1656:: "Adriano" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1517:: "Isolier" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1352:: "Daphnis" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
888:: "Ascanio" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
834:: "Arbaces" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1526:: "Arsace" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1388:: "Friday" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1379:: "Oreste" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1334:are sung by a tenor and two baritones
1314:: "Ramiro" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
1215:: The title role is sung by a soprano
1170:: the title role is sung by a soprano
989:: "Smeton" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
7:
864:: "Romeo" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
674:(also known as Susanna Verbruggen):
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1699:: "Puck" is sung by a mezzo-soprano
942:: "Jonathas" is sung by a soprano;
2935:List of transgender-related topics
1508:: "Malcolm" is sung by a contralto
25:
1775:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1757:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1031:: "Ratmir" is sung by a contralto
545:cross-dressing in music and opera
2965:
2964:
2953:
2940:List of transgender publications
1085:: The title is sung by a soprano
1073:: "Stefano" is sung by a soprano
1022:: "Vanya" is sung by a contralto
897:: "Ascanio" is sung by a soprano
34:
1921:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1623:: Milovzor is sung by contralto
909:: "Walter" is sung by a soprano
45:needs additional citations for
1838:. Rome: Hortus Musicus; p. 24
1680:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
822:: "Ariel" is sung by a soprano
1:
2873:Social construction of gender
2868:Causes of gender incongruence
784:). The Madwoman in Britten's
473:Social construction of gender
468:Causes of gender incongruence
2646:
2589:Trousers as women's clothing
1917:Pearson, Jacqueline (1988).
1260:: "Annio" is sung by soprano
968:) is sung by a mezzo-soprano
790:and the Cook in Prokofiev's
765:A closely related term is a
697:and are traditional for the
681:In a contented lazy waggery,
620:is not a breeches role, but
2735:
2664:
2637:
652:roles subvert conventional
442:She's Not The Man I Married
3029:
1811:, who was a fan of opera (
1478:: Lel is sung by contralto
1463:L'enfant et les sortilèges
1191:From the House of the Dead
793:The Love for Three Oranges
202:Travesti (gender identity)
2948:
1894:, Kassel (BA 4079a) notes
1809:Queen Christina of Sweden
1807:), at the instigation of
1730:History of cross-dressing
1236:L'incoronazione di Poppea
539:covers both this sort of
160:History of cross-dressing
2689:Kottankulangara Festival
1907:Howe, Elizabeth (1992).
959:The Ghosts of Versailles
861:I Capuleti e i Montecchi
2889:Lists of cross-dressers
2780:Hip and buttock padding
2760:Female urination device
1858:Women were banned from
568:or Gilda in Act III of
383:Hip and buttock padding
2993:Cross-dressing culture
2894:Wartime cross-dressers
2806:In film and television
2655:
1754:, "Breeches part" in:
1421:Le voyage dans la lune
1302:Mitridate, re di Ponto
577:The Marriage of Figaro
549:in film and television
144:
2852:Transvestic fetishism
2442:Stile rappresentativo
1430:The Tales of Hoffmann
927:Une éducation manquée
300:Transvestic fetishism
135:
2775:Cleavage enhancement
1632:Un ballo in maschera
1340:Geneviève de Brabant
1323:Mesdames de la Halle
1311:La finta giardiniera
595:Orpheus and Euridice
449:The Boy in the Dress
378:Cleavage enhancement
54:improve this article
2899:List of drag queens
2715:Crossplay (cosplay)
2617:Theatrical travesti
2604:Cross-gender acting
2574:Cross dressing ball
2115:Tragédie en musique
1984:Concert performance
1621:The Queen of Spades
1403:La jolie parfumeuse
1358:Le pont des soupirs
1257:La clemenza di Tito
1028:Ruslan and Lyudmila
1019:A Life for the Tsar
695:Victorian burlesque
348:Stand-to-pee device
323:Crossplay (cosplay)
318:Cross-gender acting
267:Female queen (drag)
3003:History of theatre
2904:List of drag kings
2821:In animated series
2816:In music and opera
2748:Passing techniques
2447:Tenore contraltino
1720:Travesti (theatre)
1607:Richard Strauss's
1598:Richard Strauss's
1248:Le nozze di Figaro
965:Le nozze di Figaro
756:(from the Italian
642:Restoration comedy
197:Travesti (theatre)
145:
3008:Opera terminology
2980:
2979:
2765:Packing (phallus)
2708:Subcultural slang
2559:Womanless wedding
2491:
2490:
1880:978-0-19-021582-8
1864:Portuguese Empire
1813:Celletti, Rodolfo
1687:are sung by women
1610:Der Rosenkavalier
1601:Ariadne auf Naxos
1575:Johann Strauss II
1505:La donna del lago
1496:Bianca e Falliero
1439:Orphée aux enfers
1412:Madame l'archiduc
1179:Hänsel und Gretel
1040:Orfeo ed Euridice
977:Alahor in Granata
939:David et Jonathas
885:Benvenuto Cellini
843:Bianca e Fernando
799:Hänsel und Gretel
740:Johann Strauss II
672:Susanna Mountfort
589:Hansel und Gretel
583:Der Rosenkavalier
511:
510:
366:Passing as female
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
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3013:Stock characters
2968:
2967:
2960:LGBTQ portal
2958:
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2956:
2913:Related articles
2830:Sexual practices
2740:
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2207:Aria di sorbetto
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1772:, "Travesty" in
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1749:
1725:Takarazuka Revue
1710:Breeching (boys)
1556:The Child Dreams
1349:Daphnis et Chloé
1070:Romeo and Juliet
667:Sir Anthony Love
662:Thomas Southerne
503:
496:
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435:My Husband Betty
279:Sexual practices
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2877:
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2794:
2790:Gaff (clothing)
2743:
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2539:History of drag
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2422:Soprano sfogato
2190:
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1902:Further reading
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1768:
1764:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1706:
1587:Richard Strauss
1568:L'Amour de loin
1475:The Snow Maiden
1470:Rimsky-Korsakov
1385:Robinson Crusoé
1376:La belle Hélène
1293:Ascanio in Alba
1049:Paride ed Elena
995:Lucrezia Borgia
720:Marietta Alboni
711:
634:
622:Sarah Bernhardt
592:) and Orpheus (
507:
478:
477:
463:
455:
454:
429:
421:
420:
406:
398:
397:
368:
358:
357:
338:
336:Passing as male
328:
327:
313:
305:
304:
280:
272:
271:
242:
230:
229:
215:
207:
206:
172:History of drag
162:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Breeches role"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Breast binding
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2629:
2627:Pantomime dame
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2525:Cross-dressing
2523:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Divertissement
2067:
2065:Coup de glotte
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Insertion aria
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1866:— not even in
1851:
1832:Roman Republic
1828:88-80-89-781-0
1780:
1762:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1688:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1645:
1636:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1584:
1580:Die Fledermaus
1572:
1563:Kaija Saariaho
1560:
1548:
1544:Guillaume Tell
1539:
1537:Maria Malibran
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1150:
1138:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1065:
1053:
1044:
1032:
1023:
1011:
999:
990:
981:
969:
951:
946:is sung by an
931:
922:
910:
898:
889:
877:
865:
856:
847:
835:
823:
807:breeches roles
776:Leonardo Vinci
745:Die Fledermaus
710:
707:
686:
685:
682:
679:
650:cross-dressing
633:
630:
541:cross-dressing
509:
508:
506:
505:
498:
491:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
413:
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
369:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
345:
343:Breast binding
339:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
257:Drag pageantry
254:
249:
243:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
222:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
187:Pantomime dame
184:
179:
174:
169:
163:
158:
157:
154:
153:
151:Cross-dressing
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3025:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:In literature
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Fantasia Fair
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2632:Principal boy
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Breeches role
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Rebecca riots
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Mezzo-soprano
2355:
2353:
2352:Messa di voce
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Literaturoper
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Kapellmeister
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Breeches role
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:Pope Sixtus V
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:Principal boy
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:Croûte-au-pot
1325:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:Il re pastore
1271:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:Les Huguenots
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:Giulio Cesare
1108:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
988:
987:
982:
979:
978:
973:
970:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:La Pythonisse
941:
940:
935:
932:
929:
928:
923:
920:
919:
914:
911:
908:
907:
902:
899:
896:
895:
890:
887:
886:
881:
878:
875:
874:
869:
866:
863:
862:
857:
854:
853:
848:
845:
844:
839:
836:
833:
832:
827:
824:
821:
820:
815:
812:
811:
810:
808:
803:
801:
800:
795:
794:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
772:
768:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
747:
746:
741:
736:
734:
733:countertenors
729:
727:
726:
721:
717:
708:
706:
704:
700:
699:principal boy
696:
690:
689:Restoration.
683:
680:
677:
676:
675:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
590:
585:
584:
580:), Octavian (
579:
578:
573:
572:
567:
566:
561:
557:
556:mezzo-soprano
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:breeches role
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
484:
482:
481:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
459:
458:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
431:
425:
424:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:Organizations
402:
401:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
362:
361:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
337:
332:
331:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
312:Other aspects
309:
308:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
276:
275:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
240:
234:
233:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
211:
210:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Principal boy
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
177:Rebecca Riots
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:
156:
155:
152:
148:
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2969:
2847:Petticoating
2842:Feminization
2770:Breast forms
2611:
2579:Casa Susanna
2549:Transvestism
2412:Solita forma
2292:Da capo aria
2186:Sprechgesang
2146:Kammersänger
2085:Haute-contre
2039:Sung-through
1973:
1918:
1908:
1887:
1871:
1854:
1840:(in Italian)
1835:
1821:(in Italian)
1816:
1783:
1773:
1765:
1755:
1694:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1639:
1630:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1521:
1514:Le comte Ory
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1436:Offenbach's
1428:
1427:Offenbach's
1419:
1418:Offenbach's
1410:
1409:Offenbach's
1401:
1400:Offenbach's
1394:Les brigands
1392:
1391:Offenbach's
1383:
1382:Offenbach's
1374:
1373:Offenbach's
1365:
1364:Offenbach's
1356:
1355:Offenbach's
1347:
1346:Offenbach's
1338:
1337:Offenbach's
1331:
1327:
1321:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1167:Le petit duc
1165:
1153:
1146:La canterina
1144:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1059:
1047:
1038:
1026:
1017:
1005:
993:
992:Donizetti's
984:
983:Donizetti's
975:
963:
957:
948:haute-contre
937:
925:
916:
904:
892:
883:
871:
859:
850:
841:
829:
817:
806:
805:Operas with
804:
797:
791:
787:Curlew River
785:
779:
771:Papal States
766:
764:
757:
753:
751:
743:
737:
730:
723:
712:
691:
687:
665:
654:gender roles
647:
635:
625:
611:
608:
604:haute-contre
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
553:
534:
526:
523:trouser role
522:
518:
514:
512:
447:
440:
433:
373:Breast forms
295:Petticoating
290:Feminization
247:Ball culture
225:Transvestism
214:Key elements
182:Casa Susanna
136:
116:
110:January 2015
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Trouser role
2930:Transgender
2666:ShirabyĹŤshi
2392:Prima donna
2367:Opera seria
2287:Convenienze
2277:Comprimario
2267:Chiaroscuro
2029:Patter song
2024:Opera house
1979:Chest voice
1892:Bärenreiter
1685:apprentices
1617:Tchaikovsky
1367:Les bavards
1284:Lucio Silla
1209:Massenet's
1174:Humperdinck
1155:Lo speziale
986:Anna Bolena
934:Charpentier
924:Chabrier's
894:Les Troyens
819:The Tempest
638:Shakespeare
586:), Hansel (
141:John Collet
2987:Categories
2569:Hybristica
2554:In wartime
2483:HovsĂĄngare
2402:Ritornello
2397:Recitative
2387:Portamento
2347:Melodramma
2322:Intermezzo
2317:Impresario
2307:Falsettone
2272:Coloratura
2100:Répétiteur
1994:Head voice
1847:8888470247
1805:Clement IX
1683:: Several
1662:Tannhäuser
1641:Don Carlos
1551:Gil Shohat
1541:Rossini's
1529:Rossini's
1523:Semiramide
1520:Rossini's
1511:Rossini's
1502:Rossini's
1493:Rossini's
1451:Palestrina
1231:Monteverdi
1203:Cendrillon
954:Corigliano
891:Berlioz's
858:Bellini's
849:Bellini's
831:Artaxerxes
767:skirt role
547:and later
527:Hosenrolle
519:pants role
262:Drag queen
167:In wartime
80:newspapers
2737:Otokonoko
2584:Breeching
2457:Tessitura
2382:Pasticcio
2377:Passaggio
2312:Fioritura
2282:Contralto
2252:Cantabile
2242:Cabaletta
2222:Bel canto
2181:Spieloper
2176:Sitzprobe
2171:Singspiel
2166:Regieoper
2156:Leitmotif
2090:Intermède
2080:Entr'acte
2044:Surtitles
2014:Monodrama
2009:Melodrama
2004:Mad scene
1961:by origin
1770:Budden J.
1752:Budden J.
1736:Footnotes
1677:Wagner's
1668:Wagner's
1659:Wagner's
1318:Offenbach
1308:Mozart's
1299:Mozart's
1290:Mozart's
1281:Mozart's
1272:Mozart's
1263:Mozart's
1254:Mozart's
1219:Meyerbeer
1127:Händel's
1118:Händel's
1109:Händel's
1103:Ariodante
1100:Händel's
1067:Gounod's
1025:Glinka's
972:Donizetti
809:include:
781:Artaserse
752:The term
703:pantomime
613:Peter Pan
571:Rigoletto
560:contralto
252:Drag king
2971:Category
2861:Theories
2730:En homme
2725:En femme
2639:Onnagata
2437:Stagione
2407:Sinfonia
2332:Libretto
2302:Falsetto
2262:Cavatina
2257:Castrato
2237:Burletta
2232:Brindisi
2120:Travesti
2095:Overture
2034:Prompter
1989:Duodrama
1815:(2000).
1799:and the
1704:See also
1671:Parsifal
1638:Verdi's
1487:Tancredi
1446:Pfitzner
1266:Idomeneo
1212:Chérubin
1198:Massenet
1152:Haydn's
1135:castrato
1046:Gluck's
918:L'Ă©toile
913:Chabrier
906:La Wally
901:Catalani
759:travesti
754:travesty
728:below.)
716:castrato
600:castrato
536:travesti
531:Breeches
462:Theories
2785:Tucking
2720:Passing
2694:Tri-Ess
2532:History
2467:Vibrato
2462:Verismo
2432:Squillo
2417:Soprano
2342:Maestro
2337:Licenza
2247:Cadenza
2227:Bravura
2195:Italian
2105:Roulade
1967:English
1801:Romagna
1797:Ferrara
1793:Bologna
1482:Rossini
1186:Janáček
1121:Rinaldo
1007:Rusalka
880:Berlioz
838:Bellini
632:History
565:Fidelio
411:Tri-Ess
388:Tucking
353:Packing
241:culture
237:Modern
220:Passing
143:, 1779)
94:scholar
2925:Femboy
2882:People
2837:Femdom
2648:Khawal
2427:Spinto
2362:Musico
2327:Legato
2212:Arioso
2129:German
2110:Timbre
2075:Encore
2060:Claque
2053:French
2019:Number
1878:
1868:Oporto
1860:Lisbon
1845:
1826:
1696:Oberon
1653:Rienzi
1648:Wagner
1592:Salome
1532:Otello
1243:Mozart
1162:Lecocq
1130:Xerxes
1094:Alcina
1089:Händel
1082:Mozart
1056:Gounod
1014:Glinka
1002:Dvořák
725:Xerxes
618:Hamlet
517:(also
285:Femdom
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2998:Drama
2799:Media
2699:ABGLT
2657:Köçek
2476:Other
2372:Ossia
2217:Banda
1959:terms
1956:Opera
1691:Weber
1627:Verdi
1458:Ravel
1141:Haydn
1061:Faust
1035:Gluck
852:Zaira
709:Opera
658:rakes
525:, or
428:Books
101:JSTOR
87:books
2622:Drag
2297:Diva
2202:Aria
2136:Fach
1876:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1077:Hahn
873:Lulu
868:Berg
826:Arne
814:Adès
626:does
393:Gaff
239:drag
73:news
1693:'s
1650:'s
1629:'s
1619:'s
1589:'s
1577:'s
1565:'s
1553:'s
1484:'s
1472:'s
1460:'s
1448:'s
1320:'s
1245:'s
1233:'s
1221:'s
1200:'s
1188:'s
1176:'s
1164:'s
1143:'s
1091:'s
1079:'s
1058:'s
1037:'s
1016:'s
1004:'s
974:'s
956:'s
936:'s
915:'s
903:'s
882:'s
870:'s
840:'s
828:'s
816:'s
778:'s
742:'s
701:in
664:'s
558:or
521:or
56:by
2989::
1849:).
1795:,
1744:^
1326::
705:.
606:.
551:.
513:A
2517:e
2510:t
2503:v
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1882:)
502:e
495:t
488:v
139:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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