399:
589:
601:
625:
338:
20:
1379:
450:
1388:
613:
501:
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577:
557:
Owing to the concentration of houses, trulli have few openings except for their doorway and a small aperture provided in the roof cone for ventilation, this coupled with the extremely high thermal inertia makes them warmer in winter and cooler in the summer. On the other hand trulli can be quite dark
306:
plateau. Winter rains drain through the soil into fissures in the strata of limestone bedrock and flow through underground watercourses into the
Adriatic. There is no permanent surface water, and water for living purposes must be trapped in catchment basins and cisterns. The surface forms a landscape
324:
The trullo is essentially a rural building type. With its thick walls and its inability to form multi-storey structures, it is an inefficient use of ground space and consequently ill-suited for high density settlement. Being constructed of small stones, however, it has a flexibility and adaptability
660:
In late twentieth century the Monti district in
Alberobello was largely a derelict area when Antonella Guido and Dino Barnaba began buying up a few dozen abandoned trulli, installed modern kitchenettes in them with a view to renting them out as mini apartments for the night for less than rooms cost
767:
Il
Bertacchi ha publicato nel 1897 una fotografia del rione "Monti" sulla quale è possibile effetuare alcune constatazioni. Le costruzioni a trullo, oggeto della ripresa fotografica, esistono ancora, immutate, ma non sono più contornate dagli spazi recintati e coltivati ad orto, inoltre, il nucleo
373:
In
Alberobello, the structural walls of a trullo are laid directly on the bedrock, after removal of the topsoil when necessary. Their width varies from 0.80 metres to 2.70 metres (a measure recorded in the Trullo Sovrano). Their height (from ground level to where the vault starts) ranges from 1.60
545:
The thick stone walls and dome of the trullo that cool pleasantly during the summer, tend to become unpleasantly cold during the winter months, condensing the moisture given off by cooking and breathing, making it difficult to feel warm even in front of the fire. The inhabitants simply leave the
241:
The urban trulli still extant in
Alberobello date from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. After having undergone a process of densification in the first decades of the twentieth century, the trulli settlements began to be deserted during the second half of the twentieth century.
656:
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, a large number of trullo houses have been restored and converted into second homes or self-catering cottages. In 1999, rebuilding a trullo roof would cost about three million lira (about 1,500 euros) and in 2009, the cost rose up to 15,000 euros.
664:
In Apulia region some Trulli are still inhabited, most of them have been made compliant with hygienic norms; the ones closer to cities have often been converted into rooms for an adjacent home or villa built with modern techniques; this trend has slowed because most of these modifications are
488:
The symbols now visible on a row of trulli in via Monte
Pertica (cross, pierced heart, host with rays radiating from it, tree, dove symbolising the Holy Spirit, and crescent with a cross) were painted only in the late twentieth century and the early 2000s when the roof cones were renovated.
537:
The trulli used as dwellings all have an open fireplace complete with a flue (hidden in the masonry) and a stone-built chimney stack (rising high above the roof). Because of their design, trulli are difficult to heat: the walls are very thick and warm air will rise up the interior cone. An
648:
tourists and are often bought and restored for general use. Anyone wishing to restore a trullo, however, needs to conform with many regulations, as trulli are protected under the United
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
410:, capped by a closing stone, and an outer skin of limestone slabs that are slightly tilted outwardly, ensuring that the structure is watertight. The roof stones may be taken away without compromising the stability of the rest of the building.
569:
A number of conical roofs have a truncated top with a round hole in it covered by a movable circular slab. Access to the hole is by an outside stairway built into the roof. These trulli were for storage of grain, hay, or straw.
72:, in the province of Bari, whole districts contain dense concentrations of trulli. The golden age of trulli was the nineteenth century, especially its final decades, which were marked by the development of wine growing.
245:
The rural trulli, on cheaper land, ceased to be built when the cost of labour began to rise in the twentieth century. The sheer expense of handling the hundreds of tons necessary for a single house became prohibitive.
328:
In the countryside, trullo domes were built singly or in groups of up to five, or sometimes, in large farmyard clusters of a dozen or two dozen, but never for the occupancy of more than a single rural family.
421:
The trullo that is part of a grouping of three, four, or five follows a squarish plan. It may serve as a kitchen, bedroom, animal shelter, store room for food or tools, oven, or cistern, as the case may be.
588:
668:
In the
Alberobello region, local residents who still live in trulli do so only because they cannot afford to move out or, because they provide bed and board for tourists in their trulli.
824:
Edward Allen, "Stone shelters", p. 80 : "If a cistern had been dug, it was capped with a lime-mortared barrel vault or dome which in many cases supported the floor of the house."
213:("forest") and occasionally, as a land from which grazing animals were excluded. Evidence is lacking as to the existence of dwellings in the area prior to the seventeenth century.
978:
Puglia & Basilicata", Lonely Planet, 2008, 248 p., p. 124 : "However, (...) due to the compact nature of the Rione the trulli have few windows and can be quite dark."
441:), that may be one of many designs: disk, ball, cone, bowl, polyhedron, or a combination thereof, that is supposed to be the signature of the stonemason who built the trullo.
997:
890:"The trulli or casedde of Alberobello, province of Bari, Italy, through old postcards and photos: The changing face of via Monte Pertica in the Monti district (1950–2010),"
390:), an absolute necessity in an area devoid of water. The cistern was capped with a lime-mortared barrel vault or dome that in many cases, supported the floor of the house.
492:
The quaint symbols that grace the trullo-like cones of bungalows at the Hotel dei Trulli in
Alberobello first appeared in the late 1950s, when the hotel resort was built.
461:
Additionally, the cone may have a symbol painted on it (as shown in the picture of the trulli in
Alberobello.) Such symbols may include Christian symbols such as a simple
68:. Trulli were generally constructed as temporary field shelters and storehouses or as permanent dwellings by small proprietors or agricultural labourers. In the town of
877:
Principalmente sono scolpiti in pietra e rappresentano la FIRMA del Mastro trullaro che li ha edificati e che molto spesso coincideva con l'appartenenza della famiglia
738:
ci sembra opportuno osservare che nessuna testimonianza precedente al sec. XVI suggerisce la presenza nel luogo della 'silva de Arbore bello' di un insediaménto umano
600:
231:
of Alberobello and, in the midst of it, a clearing with a settlement pattern of scattered houses that bears a striking resemblance to the present-day urban pattern.
566:
Some trullo houses have had their perimeter walls raised substantially so that their cones may be hidden from view, making the buildings resemble ordinary houses.
361:
masonry, i.e. without any mortar or cement. This style of construction also is prevalent in the surrounding countryside where most of the fields are separated by
418:
The trullo may take on a circular or a square plan. The circular trullo is mostly a temporary shelter for animals and their fodder, or, for the peasant himself.
534:
Along with its exterior wall, a trullo's interior room and vault intrados often were rendered with lime plaster and whitewashed for protection against drafts.
121:(i.e. Lizzaio, Maruggio, and Avetrana, in other words, outside the Murgia dei Trulli proper), where it is the name of the local agricultural dry stone hut.
612:
220:
drawn by Donato Gallerano in 1704 reveals the existence of a nucleus of trulli in the midst of a large wood, making up the initial settlement of
1707:
209:
In available historical records from the mid-fourteenth century to the late sixteenth century, the area of Alberobello is referred to mostly as
904:
See "Les trulli ou casedde d'Alberobello (province de Bari, Italie) à travers les cartes postales et photos anciennes: l'hôtel des trulli,"
834:
624:
398:
1756:
1751:
1112:
1073:
of Alberobello, province of Bari, Italy, through old postcards and photos, II - Photos of the first half of the 20th century
815:, trullinet.com : "Lo spessore dei muri dei nostri Trulli va da un minimo di 80 cm. fino ai 270 cm del TRULLO SOVRANO."
835:
Deux études sur la maison rurale dans le Mezzogiorno : C. Colamonico, O. Baldacci, A. Bissanti, L. Ranieri, B. Spano,
238:(the district of the Mounts), the trulli are far less densely packed than today, being surrounded by enclosed gardens.
576:
1771:
1037:
Les trulli ou casedde d'Alberobello (province de Bari, Italie) à travers les cartes postales et photos anciennes,
1009:
846:
198:
There are many theories behind the origin of the design. One of the more popular theories is that due to high
1656:
43:
520:
The vast majority of trulli have one room under each conical roof, with additional living spaces in arched
1090:
1761:
1318:
1188:
677:
525:
521:
337:
19:
1378:
765:, Quaderni dell'Istituto di disegno, Facoltà di Ingegneria - Università di Bari, 1978, 109 p., p. 81:
469:("Our Lady of Sorrows"), a circle divided into four quarters with the letters S, C, S, D in them (for
1766:
1228:
1203:
102:
1687:
1661:
1465:
1128:
1105:
101:, cupola) refers to a house whose internal space is covered by a dry stone corbelled or keystone
872:
812:
437:
In Alberobello, atop the cone of a trullo, there is normally a hand-worked sandstone pinnacle (
345:
Depending on the area, the building material used could be either hard limestone or calcareous
1601:
1420:
508:; the cavity between the inside ashlar wall face and the exterior covering of stone tiles or
206:
constructions so that they could be dismantled quickly when tax inspectors were in the area.
1611:
1490:
1258:
1243:
1193:
1041:, Centre d'études et de recherches sur l'architcture vernaculaire, Paris, August 29th, 2011.
539:
291:
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889:
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In trulli that were used as stables, the troughs the animals fed from may still be seen.
449:
1776:
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1323:
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641:
362:
287:
227:
In a geographical map drawn by Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni in 1808, one may see the
203:
998:
Dans les Pouilles, la folie des « trulli » fait revivre un patrimoine UNESCO
1740:
1679:
1153:
1098:
688:
49:
28:
546:
doors open during the day to keep the interior dry, and live more outdoors than in.
1646:
1578:
1541:
1440:
1303:
1163:
255:
57:
53:
803:
Edward Allen, "Stone shelters", the MIT, 1969, third printing 1974, 210 p., p. 84.
542:
with embers in it (a specimen may be seen in Alberobello's Museo del Territorio).
485:, the two saints to whom the local basilica is dedicated) and quite a few others.
952:
661:
at local hotels. They even painted good-luck symbols on the roof of each trullo.
1631:
1583:
1563:
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1410:
1198:
1173:
594:
Trullo house with raised façade wall hiding both its conical roofs (Alberobello)
505:
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271:
267:
69:
24:
859:
Angelo Ambrosi, Raffaele Panella, Giuseppe Radicchio, a cura di Enrico Degano,
732:
Angelo Ambrosi, Raffaele Panella, Giuseppe Radicchio, a cura di Enrico Degano,
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1531:
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A multi-room trullo house has many cones, each representing a separate room.
1641:
1511:
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683:
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made in the wall with curtains hung to separate them from the central room.
382:
The stones needed for starting to build a trullo were provided by digging a
358:
1054:
Entry for "The Trulli of Alberobello" on the UNESCO World Heritage Website
719:
Vocabulaire italien-français de l'architecture rurale en pierre sèche, in
1558:
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1333:
1313:
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Storia e Destino dei Trulli di Alberobello - Prontuario per il restauro
734:
Storia e Destino dei Trulli di Alberobello - Prontuario per il restauro
645:
383:
118:
988:
Edward Allen, "Stone shelters", op. cit., fig. 16 & pages 110-111.
151:), which was used by locals in the Murgia to call this type of house.
1495:
1475:
1363:
1343:
1298:
1263:
1253:
1213:
1168:
650:
279:
275:
263:
65:
46:
794:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991, xiii + 276 p., p. 19.
792:
Far from the Church Bells: Settlement and Society in an Apulian Town
406:
The roofs are constructed in two skins: an inner skin of limestone
1616:
1415:
1358:
1293:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1178:
1158:
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considered illegal due to the damage to the historical structure.
618:
Carved stone pinnacles atop refurbished trullo cones (Alberobello)
499:
448:
397:
336:
325:
of form making the design most helpful in tight urban situations.
311:
and other forms of enclosed depressions characteristic of karsts.
303:
259:
61:
1636:
1621:
1435:
1425:
1278:
504:
Model showing the typical construction technique of a trullo of
374:
metres to 2 metres. Their exterior facing has a 3 to 5% batter.
346:
1094:
1121:
96:
606:
Trullo Sovrano, built on two levels with internal staircase
512:
is filled with stone rubble and the vault is one of stone
477:
according to one source, but more likely, the initials of
307:
of rolling hills and ridges punctuated now and again with
465:, a cross on a heart pierced by an arrow (representing
748:
746:
429:, as evidenced by nineteenth-century notarial deeds.
1594:
1504:
1451:
1403:
1135:
706:Benito Spano, La Murgia dei trulli, chapter VII of
538:alternative heating solution was to use a central
777:
775:
56:. Their style of construction is specific to the
781:Edward Allen, "Stone shelters", op. cit., p. 84.
185:
179:
173:
172:in Italian. The corresponding dialectal term is
134:
128:
112:
77:
23:Row of trullo houses in Monte Pertica street in
1039:Les trulli. Résumé historique et architectural
111:is an Italianized form of the dialectal term,
1106:
640:Today, the surviving trulli are popular with
425:In Alberobello, groupings did not exceed two
254:The style of construction is specific to the
167:
161:
155:
154:A stonemason specializing in the building of
146:
140:
122:
106:
83:
8:
1061:UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
768:abitato non presenta la saturazione attuale.
1113:
1099:
1091:
976:Paula Hardy, Abigail Hole, Olivia Pozzan,
850:, année 1972, vol. 81, n° 446, p. 473-475.
680:, a similar construction in northern Italy
1078:The Trulli Of Puglia Multimedia Resources
202:on property, the people of Apulia built
18:
752:Angelo Ambrosi et al., op. cit., p. 12.
699:
572:
1010:The Land of Point & The White City
357:Traditionally trulli were built using
341:Recessed entrance to a trullo complex.
736:, Schena Editore, 1997, p. 12 :
7:
266:. Trulli may be found in and out of
582:Two contiguous trulli (Alberobello)
863:, Schena Editore, 1997, pp. 65-66.
630:Entrance of a trullo (Alberobello)
14:
1127:designs and semi-permanent human
926:Edward Allen, op. cit., p. 81-82.
117:, used in a specific area of the
16:Traditional Apulian dry stone hut
1686:
1675:
1674:
1386:
1377:
623:
611:
599:
587:
575:
218:Plan of the Territory of Mottala
184:in the plural), i.e. builder of
917:Edward Allen, op. cit., p. 82.
636:Trulli as a tourist attraction
262:area of the Italian region of
64:area of the Italian region of
1:
234:In an 1897 photograph of the
763:Genesi di un fenomeno urbano
127:has replaced the local term
837:La Casa rurale nella Puglia
708:La casa rurale nella Puglia
1793:
524:. Children would sleep in
457:on a renovated stone roof.
270:, and in the areas around
97:
1723:40.7820694°N 17.2369472°E
1670:
1375:
1059:The Trulli of Alberobello
841:La Casa rurale nel Molise
1364:Wigwam, wickiup and wetu
1026:Trullidea, "our history"
1000:, lepoint.fr, 28-5-2009.
959:(in Italian). 2014-06-01
1757:Vernacular architecture
1657:Vernacular architecture
710:, 1970, p. 184, note 2.
186:
180:
174:
135:
129:
113:
78:
1728:40.7820694; 17.2369472
653:) world heritage law.
517:
467:Santa Maria Addolorata
458:
403:
402:Renovated stone roofs.
342:
168:
162:
156:
147:
141:
123:
107:
84:
31:
1752:Architecture in Italy
1184:Clochán (beehive hut)
895:, January 20th, 2011.
847:Annales de géographie
723:, CERAR, Paris, 1979.
721:L'architecture rurale
503:
452:
401:
340:
95:(from the Greek word
22:
1229:Icelandic turf house
1136:Traditional immobile
936:The Trulli of Puglia
839:, et M. Cataudella,
695:Notes and references
224:("beautiful tree").
1719: /
833:Desplanques Henri,
445:Whitewashed symbols
378:Underground cistern
119:Salentine peninsula
1662:Village des Bories
1404:Traditional mobile
518:
459:
404:
343:
32:
1772:Roofing materials
1702:
1701:
1602:Cabanes du Breuil
790:Anthony H. Galt,
761:Luigi Mongiello,
684:Dry stone masonry
91:The Italian term
1784:
1734:
1733:
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1729:
1724:
1720:
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1690:
1678:
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1612:Earth sheltering
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908:, July 1st 2011.
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627:
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471:Sanctus Christus
302:The Murgia is a
292:Ceglie Messapica
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1703:
1698:
1666:
1627:Skellig Michael
1607:Circular linhay
1590:
1574:Alpine club hut
1500:
1447:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1373:
1329:Sassi di Matera
1269:Musgum mud huts
1131:
1119:
1088:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1028:, (in Italian).
1024:
1020:
1014:reidsguides.com
1008:
1004:
996:
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987:
983:
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960:
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940:lifeinitaly.com
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906:pierreseche.com
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893:pierreseche.com
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475:Sanctus Dominus
455:Christian cross
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363:dry-stone walls
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89:
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1595:Related topics
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1569:Wilderness hut
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1421:Shepherd's hut
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1398:
1397:
1394:Housing portal
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1048:External links
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957:Regione Puglia
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1714:17°14′13.01″E
1711:40°46′55.45″N
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1154:Beehive house
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50:dry stone hut
48:
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29:Bari Province
26:
21:
1762:Stone houses
1704:
1692:
1680:
1647:Transhumance
1579:Mountain hut
1542:Jamesway hut
1441:Ger district
1436:Yurt and ger
1353:
1304:Quiggly hole
1259:Menstruation
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961:. Retrieved
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315:Architecture
301:
256:Itria Valley
253:
250:Distribution
244:
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235:
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228:
226:
222:Arbore bello
221:
217:
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197:
153:
92:
90:
58:Itria Valley
54:conical roof
39:
35:
33:
1767:House types
1726: /
1632:Stilt house
1584:Winter room
1564:Twynham hut
1537:Quonset hut
1199:Earth lodge
873:I PINNACOLI
813:I pinnacoli
506:Alberobello
479:Santo Cosma
272:Locorotondo
268:Alberobello
236:rione Monti
139:) (Italian
70:Alberobello
44:traditional
25:Alberobello
1741:Categories
1652:Tree house
1549:Romney hut
1532:Nissen hut
1522:Hopper hut
1461:Beach fale
1319:Roundhouse
1145:(Nipa hut)
1143:Bahay kubo
963:2022-02-01
284:Cisternino
1642:Thatching
1512:Beach hut
1369:Zemlyanka
1349:Tongkonan
1339:Sod house
1289:Pit-house
1249:Log cabin
1083:Il trullo
514:voussoirs
496:Interiors
439:pinnacolo
433:Pinnacles
408:voussoirs
359:dry stone
333:Materials
258:, in the
181:caseddari
175:caseddaro
163:trullisto
76:From the
60:, in the
38:(plural,
1681:Category
1559:Slab hut
1554:Rondavel
1527:Iris hut
1517:Hexayurt
1453:Open-air
1334:Shieling
1314:Rondavel
1309:Quinzhee
1149:Barabara
1129:shelters
1125:dwelling
953:"Trulli"
672:See also
558:inside.
388:cisterna
320:Grouping
200:taxation
169:trullaro
1486:Pergola
1471:Chickee
1431:Yaranga
1284:Palloza
1071:casedde
642:British
562:Façades
553:Windows
540:brasero
526:alcoves
522:alcoves
384:cistern
353:Masonry
309:dolines
298:Geology
194:History
187:casedde
148:casette
142:casetta
136:casedde
130:casedda
98:τρούλος
82:to the
79:casedda
52:with a
47:Apulian
42:) is a
1747:Apulia
1693:Portal
1505:Modern
1496:Toguna
1491:Ramada
1481:Palapa
1476:Gazebo
1466:Cabana
1354:Trullo
1344:Sukkah
1299:Qarmaq
1264:Mitato
1254:Maloca
1214:Goahti
1194:Dugout
1189:Crotto
1169:Burdei
1164:Bunong
1067:trulli
678:Crotto
651:UNESCO
646:German
427:trulli
290:, and
280:Ostuni
276:Fasano
264:Apulia
157:trulli
145:, pl.
124:Trullo
114:truddu
108:Trullo
93:trullo
85:trullo
66:Apulia
40:trulli
36:trullo
1777:Walls
1617:Shack
1416:Lavvu
1359:Tukul
1294:Qargi
1244:Kapar
1239:Jacal
1234:Igloo
1224:Humpy
1219:Hogan
1209:Girna
1204:Funco
1179:Cleit
1159:Bothy
844:, in
463:cross
414:Plans
394:Roofs
369:Walls
304:karst
260:Murge
229:selva
211:selva
160:is a
133:(pl.
103:vault
62:Murge
1637:Tent
1622:Shed
1426:Tipi
1411:Chum
1324:Ruka
1279:Orri
1174:Bure
1065:The
888:See
644:and
481:and
473:and
347:tufa
1274:Oca
1122:Hut
1069:or
166:or
1743::
1012:,
955:.
938:,
875::
774:^
745:^
365:.
349:.
294:.
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
216:A
190:.
105:.
34:A
27:,
1114:e
1107:t
1100:v
1016:.
966:.
942:.
879:.
740:.
649:(
516:.
386:(
178:(
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