Knowledge (XXG)

Tshwa language

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In the northern dialect of Kua, like all other East Kalahari Khoe languages, the palatal click series has become palatal stops. Southern Kua has retained the palatal clicks, but the dental stops have palatalized, as they have in
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and as various other combinations of Hio-, Hie-, Hai- + Chwa, Tshwa, Chuwau, Tshuwau + -re, -ri; also as Sarwa, Sesarwa (the Tswana name), Gǁabake-Ntshori, Tati, and Kwe-Etshori Kwee. Zimbabwean Tshwao apparently belongs
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Gerlach, Linda (2015) "Phonetic and phonological description of the Nǃaqriaxe variety of ǂʼAmkoe and the impact of language contact". PhD dissertation, Humboldt University, Berlin
2737: 2521: 1578: 619: 2177: 319:, also spelled Cua and Tyhua. That is, both Tsoa and Kua may be pronounced something like , and it's not clear that they are distinct dialects. 289:(formerly spelled 'Tshwao'), the only Khoisan language in Zimbabwe, where "Koisan" is a language officially recognised in the constitution. 985: 2955: 2730: 2514: 1902: 996: 2204: 1937:), and half a dozen more with one of the affricated clicks. These rather marginal sounds are placed in parentheses in the chart. 1843: 1772: 612: 1994: 626: 224: 2984: 2979: 2723: 2507: 1569: 605: 1805: 1489: 1442: 501: 463: 2001: 1834: 1395: 923: 715: 420: 210: 1963: 943: 825: 2015: 1852: 1682: 1673: 1003: 936: 708: 699: 2446: 2835: 2795: 2610: 1872: 1796: 880: 848: 724: 2221: 87: 1975: 1700: 738: 234: 2426: 2989: 2974: 2948: 2810: 2669: 2538: 2354: 1730: 1721: 1693: 873: 864: 731: 2679: 2122: 2104: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2038: 2034: 2030: 1613: 1604: 1340: 1249: 1222: 1215: 1148: 1141: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1041: 1034: 889: 818: 27: 2373: 2358: 2053: 2746: 2530: 2400: 2197: 1933: 1644: 1635: 1481: 1434: 961: 903: 834: 655: 646: 456: 1921: 1919:
The clicks have a very uneven distribution: Only a dozen words begin with one of the palatal clicks (
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There are two tones, high and low, plus a few cases of mid tone.
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Kua/Tsua basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
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characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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Consonant phonemes of the Cire-cire dialect (not cited)
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Consonant-tone interaction in the Khoisan language Tsua
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Consonant phonemes of the Kua dialect, Mathes (2015)
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dialect cluster spoken by several thousand people in
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The Cire-cire (not cited) dialect has the following
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You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 2064:'eland', whereas southern Kua has 14: 2019: 2014: 2000: 1993: 1979: 1974: 1967: 1962: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1901: 1871: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1804: 1795: 1771: 1740: 1729: 1720: 1706: 1699: 1692: 1681: 1672: 1643: 1634: 1577: 1568: 1543: 1535: 1527: 1519: 1496: 1488: 1480: 1472: 1449: 1441: 1433: 1425: 1402: 1394: 1386: 1378: 1289: 1280: 1186: 1179: 1170: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1002: 995: 984: 960: 942: 935: 922: 902: 895: 888: 879: 872: 863: 847: 840: 833: 824: 817: 797: 790: 783: 774: 767: 758: 744: 737: 730: 723: 714: 707: 698: 670: 663: 654: 645: 625: 618: 611: 604: 578: 569: 545: 538: 529: 507: 500: 491: 469: 462: 455: 448: 426: 419: 412: 405: 2916: 2121: 2103: 148: 1: 2163:Vossen, Rainer (ed.). 2013a. 1016: 325:, spoken in the area around 2136:Mathes, Timothy K. (2015). 3006: 2911: 25: 18: 2355:Juǀʼhoan / Southern ǃKung 2056:. Thus northern Kua has 2033:, and three nasal vowels 2029:Tsoa has the five vowels 2013: 1889: 1818: 1752: 1661: 1628: 1363: 1317: 1279: 1270: 1248: 1239: 1214: 1205: 1176: 1145: 1110: 1093: 1069: 1055: 1038: 1026: 1021: 992: 978: 959: 950: 921: 912: 857: 807: 752: 692: 682: 653: 639: 610: 594: 575: 559: 535: 521: 497: 483: 454: 440: 411: 395: 390: 358: 346: 221: 143:Official language in 45: 40: 26:Not to be confused with 2340:Sekele / Northern ǃKung 285:One of the dialects is 2140:. New York University. 223:This article contains 72:6,000 (2000–2013) 28:Tshwa language (Bantu) 2985:Languages of Zimbabwe 2980:Languages of Botswana 2747:Languages of Zimbabwe 2531:Languages of Botswana 2165:The Khoesan Languages 2845:Unofficial languages 97:Kalahari (Tshu–Khwe) 21:KUA (disambiguation) 2871:Immigrant languages 1314: 343: 2761:Zimbabwean English 2754:Official languages 1312: 341: 272:East Kalahari Khoe 2937: 2936: 2906: 2905: 2713: 2712: 2497: 2496: 2470: 2469: 2380: 2379: 2317: 2316: 2214:Khoisan languages 2119:(25th ed., 2022) 2101:(25th ed., 2022) 2027: 2026: 1917: 1916: 1864: 1826: 1788: 1760: 1717: 1669: 1598: 1563: 1514: 1467: 1420: 1373: 1303: 1302: 860: 810: 755: 695: 599: 564: 524: 486: 443: 400: 249: 248: 231:rendering support 227:phonetic symbols. 182: – Tsoa 2997: 2958: 2951: 2944: 2920: 2913: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2717: 2611:Northern Ndebele 2524: 2517: 2510: 2501: 2391: 2328: 2227: 2207: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2108: 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181: 172: 154: 152: 151: 82: 33: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2909: 2907: 2902: 2866: 2840: 2749: 2744: 2714: 2709: 2636: 2557: 2533: 2528: 2498: 2493: 2466: 2410: 2376: 2374:ǂʼAmkoe (ǂHoan) 2364: 2313: 2290: 2216: 2211: 2174: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2109: 2102: 2091: 2087: 2082: 1342: 1271: 1240: 1206: 1163: 1134: 1099: 1094: 1056: 1027: 687: 336: 299:dialect cluster 295: 229:Without proper 201: 184: 183: 177: 176: 168: 149: 147: 144: 137:Official status 114: 83: 80:Language family 78: 69: 68:Native speakers 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3003: 3001: 2993: 2992: 2990:Language stubs 2987: 2982: 2977: 2975:Khoe languages 2967: 2966: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2921: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2750: 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1255: 1253: 1246: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1212: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1147: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1040: 1033: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 987: 983: 981: 977: 974: 972: 970: 968: 966: 963: 957: 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 934: 932: 930: 928: 925: 919: 917: 915: 911: 908: 905: 901: 898: 894: 891: 887: 885: 882: 878: 875: 871: 869: 866: 862: 856: 853: 850: 846: 843: 839: 836: 832: 830: 827: 823: 820: 816: 814: 812: 806: 803: 800: 796: 793: 789: 786: 782: 780: 777: 773: 770: 766: 764: 761: 757: 751: 747: 743: 740: 736: 733: 729: 726: 722: 720: 717: 713: 710: 706: 704: 701: 697: 690: 685: 681: 678: 676: 673: 669: 666: 662: 660: 657: 651: 648: 644: 642: 638: 635: 633: 631: 628: 624: 621: 617: 614: 607: 603: 601: 598: 593: 590: 588: 586: 584: 581: 577: 572: 568: 566: 563: 558: 555: 553: 551: 548: 544: 541: 537: 532: 528: 526: 520: 517: 515: 513: 510: 506: 503: 499: 494: 490: 488: 482: 479: 477: 475: 472: 468: 465: 461: 458: 451: 447: 445: 439: 436: 434: 432: 429: 425: 422: 418: 415: 408: 404: 402: 399: 393: 389: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 356: 353: 351: 348: 345: 339: 333: 328: 324: 321: 318: 315: 311: 307: 304: 303: 302: 300: 292: 290: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 226: 220: 217: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 198: 197: 192: 187: 180: 174: 171: 166: 161: 158:(as 'Koisan') 157: 146: 140: 135: 129: 126: 123: 122: 121: 105: 102: 101: 99: 98: 96: 95: 94: 91: 90: 89: 85: 81: 75: 71: 65: 62: 58: 55: 51: 48: 44: 41:Kua, "Koisan" 39: 34: 29: 22: 2930:expanding it 2923: 2908: 2780: 2704: 2401:Lower Nossob 2285: 2158:Bibliography 2146: 2137: 2131: 2114: 2096: 2088: 2072:(or perhaps 2046: 2043: 2039:/aaeeiioouu/ 2028: 1918: 1304: 337: 329:in Botswana. 322: 316: 309: 305: 296: 284: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 250: 222: 194: 103: 46: 2680:ǂKxʼauǁʼein 2437:Nǁng (Nǀuu) 2406:Taa (ǃXoon) 2076:) 'eland'. 1891:Approximant 1561:glottalized 1309:inventory: 980:Approximant 597:glottalized 237:instead of 2969:Categories 2898:Portuguese 2618:(official) 2554:(official) 2422:Boshof ǃUi 2359:ǂKxʼaoǁʼae 2222:Khoe–Kwadi 2116:Ethnologue 2098:Ethnologue 2080:References 2068:'ash' and 2060:'ash' and 1272:+affricate 1241:+fricative 1207:+fricative 1057:+affricate 1028:+fricative 88:Khoe–Kwadi 2591:Kgalagadi 2547:Afrikaans 1825:voiceless 1820:Fricative 1759:voiceless 1754:Affricate 1668:voiceless 1596:affricate 1513:aspirated 1419:voiceless 1307:consonant 1236:Affricate 1017:Clusters 914:Fricative 754:aspirated 694:voiceless 689:Affricate 523:aspirated 442:voiceless 334:Phonology 323:Cire Cire 310:Hiechware 268:Hiechware 196:Glottolog 170:ISO 639-3 130:Cire Cire 124:Hiechware 47:Hiechware 2771:Chibarwe 2670:Juǀʼhoan 2622:Tswapong 2601:Mbukushu 2586:Ikalanga 2476:Isolates 2261:Khoekhoe 1343:alveolar 1331:Alveolar 1321:Bilabial 1267:Ejective 809:ejective 562:ejective 360:Alveolar 350:Bilabial 293:Dialects 280:Zimbabwe 276:Botswana 270:, is an 243:Help:IPA 203:tshw1239 156:Zimbabwe 119:Dialects 61:Zimbabwe 57:Botswana 2893:Chinese 2883:Punjabi 2796:Ndebele 2776:Kalanga 2642:Khoisan 2576:Gciriku 2552:English 2484:Sandawe 2452:ǂUngkue 2369:ǂʼAmkoe 2307:Zorotua 2054:ǂʼAmkoe 2031:/aeiou/ 1663:Plosive 1358:Glottal 1336:Lateral 1202:Plosive 1095:+uvular 684:Plosive 385:Glottal 370:Palatal 365:Lateral 260:Tshuwau 239:Unicode 175:Either: 2878:French 2821:Tswana 2816:Tsonga 2786:Nambya 2781:Koisan 2632:Zezuru 2616:Tswana 2606:Nambya 2596:Kuhane 2581:Herero 2462:ǁXegwi 2427:ǃGãǃne 2070:/d̪ʲu/ 1863:voiced 1787:voiced 1716:voiced 1466:voiced 1353:Uvular 1326:Dental 952:Rhotic 859:voiced 485:voiced 380:Uvular 355:Dental 153:  2888:Hindi 2852:Kunda 2831:Xhosa 2826:Venda 2811:Tonga 2806:Sotho 2801:Shona 2766:Chewa 2705:Tshwa 2655:Gǁana 2571:Birwa 2563:Bantu 2489:Hadza 2447:ǁŨǁʼe 2442:Seroa 2344:Ekoka 2332:ǃKung 2302:Kwadi 2295:Kwadi 2286:Tshwa 2256:ǂHaba 2244:Gǁana 2062:/d̪u/ 2058:/ɟua/ 2035:/ĩãũ/ 1946:front 1630:Nasal 1371:nasal 1365:Click 1348:Velar 1341:Post- 1282:tsqχʼ 1023:Click 641:Nasal 398:nasal 392:Click 375:Velar 313:here. 287:Tjwao 256:Tshwa 216:Tshwa 2926:stub 2862:Lozi 2857:Tswa 2791:Ndau 2700:Taʼa 2695:Shua 2690:Naro 2685:Nama 2675:Khwe 2665:ǂHõã 2660:Gǀwi 2650:ǁAni 2627:Yeyi 2457:ǀXam 2415:ǃKwi 2323:Kxʼa 2281:Shua 2276:Naro 2266:Khwe 2249:Gǀwi 2239:Eini 2231:Khoe 2093:Tsoa 2074:/ɟu/ 2066:ᶢǂua 2052:and 2050:Gǀui 1958:high 1951:back 1291:cqχʼ 1164:+asp 1079:ǁqχʼ 1072:ǃqχʼ 1065:ǀqχʼ 327:Nata 306:Tsoa 282:. 278:and 266:and 252:Tsoa 104:Tsoa 100:East 93:Khoe 36:Tsoa 2432:ǁKā 2394:Taa 2386:Tuu 2113:at 2111:Kua 2095:at 2010:low 1989:mid 1614:ǁqχ 1605:ǀqχ 1579:ᵑǁˀ 1570:ᵑǀˀ 1250:tsχ 1188:qǂʰ 1181:qǁʰ 1172:qǀʰ 849:qχʼ 826:tsʼ 776:tsʰ 317:Kua 264:Kua 258:or 225:IPA 211:ELP 186:tyu 179:hio 127:Kua 2971:: 2041:. 1806:dʒ 1797:dz 1773:tʃ 1616:) 1607:) 1548:) 1545:ǂʰ 1537:ǁʰ 1532:) 1529:ǃʰ 1521:ǀʰ 1501:) 1498:ᶢǂ 1490:ᶢǁ 1485:) 1482:ᶢǃ 1474:ᶢǀ 1454:) 1451:ᵏǂ 1443:ᵏǁ 1438:) 1435:ᵏǃ 1427:ᵏǀ 1407:) 1404:ᵑǂ 1396:ᵑǁ 1391:) 1388:ᵑǃ 1380:ᵑǀ 1223:cχ 1216:tχ 1149:ɢǁ 1142:ɢǀ 1135:vd 1122:qǂ 1117:qǁ 1112:qǃ 1107:qǀ 1100:vl 1042:ǁχ 1035:ǀχ 881:dz 842:kʼ 835:cʼ 819:tʼ 799:qʰ 792:kʰ 785:cʰ 769:tʰ 760:pʰ 716:ts 627:ǂˀ 620:ǁˀ 613:ǃˀ 606:ǀˀ 580:ǁʼ 571:ǀʼ 547:ǂʰ 540:ǁʰ 531:ǀʰ 509:ᶢǂ 502:ᶢǁ 493:ᶢǀ 471:ᵏǂ 464:ᵏǁ 457:ᵏǃ 450:ᵏǀ 428:ᵑǂ 421:ᵑǁ 414:ᵑǃ 407:ᵑǀ 254:, 59:, 2957:e 2950:t 2943:v 2932:. 2739:e 2732:t 2725:v 2523:e 2516:t 2509:v 2361:) 2357:( 2346:) 2342:( 2206:e 2199:t 2192:v 2021:ã 2016:a 2002:o 1995:e 1981:ũ 1976:u 1969:ĩ 1964:i 1934:ǃ 1928:ǀ 1922:ǂ 1903:l 1873:z 1853:χ 1844:ʃ 1835:s 1742:ɡ 1731:d 1722:b 1708:ʔ 1701:q 1694:k 1683:t 1674:p 1645:n 1636:m 1612:( 1603:( 1542:( 1526:( 1495:( 1479:( 1448:( 1432:( 1401:( 1385:( 1004:j 997:l 986:w 962:r 944:h 937:χ 924:s 904:ɢ 897:ɡ 890:ɟ 874:d 865:b 746:ʔ 739:q 732:k 725:c 709:t 700:p 686:/ 672:ŋ 665:ɲ 656:n 647:m 245:. 30:. 23:.

Index

KUA (disambiguation)
Tshwa language (Bantu)
Botswana
Zimbabwe
Language family
Khoe–Kwadi
Khoe
Zimbabwe
ISO 639-3
hio
tyu
Glottolog
tshw1239
ELP
Tshwa
IPA
rendering support
question marks, boxes, or other symbols
Unicode
Help:IPA
East Kalahari Khoe
Botswana
Zimbabwe
Tjwao
dialect cluster
Nata
Bilabial
Dental
Alveolar
Lateral

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