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only locally. There are no surface rivers here and the lake has no inlet or outlet. Lake levels are tied to rainfall, along with some underground flow from aquifers located further inland. There is a network of groundwater that surfaces at the foot of the
Mahfaly Plateau, with three permanent springs (Mande, Andranonaomby and Manava) and numerous seeps and intermittent springs. Lake levels rise with sufficient rainfall, and drop when water evaporates faster than it is being replenished.
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a matter of conjecture that has not been verified. The eastern part of the lake receives some freshwater flow and so has consistently lower salt concentrations than the western part. The basin is shallow resulting in dramatic variation in the surface area of the lake with even small changes in water level. Water levels can drop significantly during the dry season, resulting in a broad exposed area of seasonal hypersaline flats around a shrunken lake.
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limestone to the west. The area is covered by sand deposits of recent and
Quaternary origin. In pre-history, there was a paleolake here complete with overland drainage (deltaic sediments laid down by a paleodrainage system have been found). The paleolake was much greater in size and depth, as evidenced by strand lines that ring the outer edges of the basin.
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highest (15 taxa) in April (rainy season) and decreased to 11 taxa in August (dry season). The eastern part of the lake had consistently more species then the western part, probably because of the consistently lower salt concentrations. The crustaceans were the most widespread species. The aquatic fauna documented in Lake
Tsimanampetsotsa is as follows:
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The water is “sodic”, highly mineralised and moderately alkaline (pH ~ 8.0) with relatively high concentrations of ammonia and phosphate. Salt concentrations approach that found in seawater, becoming somewhat diluted during the rainy season. The lake may be directly connected to the sea, but this is
315:
Lake
Tsimanampetsotsa is in an area with a semi-arid climate; daytime temperatures are high and precipitation low. It is in the lowest precipitation region in Madagascar, receiving only 300 mm of rain per year. In addition, rainfall amount and location is highly unpredictable; rain often falls
387:
High phosphate concentrations, originating from erosion, are thought to be the main factor limiting the diversity of aquatic fauna. There are no fish. Invertebrates belonging to four taxonomic groups (Annelida, Gastropoda, Crustacea and
Insecta) have been documented. Taxonomic richness was at its
302:
The lake is about 20 km long, about 2 km wide and is quite shallow (maximum depth about 2 m). It is situated in a collapse area of the
Mahfaly Plateau, in a closed evaporite basin with cliffs of Eocene marine limestone to the east and a wide strip of alluvium, capping low outcrops of
299:". It is a sacred place for worship, ceremonies and rituals. Local taboos prevent water pollution. Swimming and the utilisation of pirogues is prohibited. Water, mud and some plants from the lake are used in traditional medicine (Tahirindraza and Marikandia 2015).
654:
Goodman SM, Raherilalao MJ, Rakotomalala D, Rakotondravony D, Raselimanana AP, Razakarivony HV, Soarimalala V. 2002. Inventaire des vertébrés du Parc
National de Tsimanampetsotsa (Toliara). Akon’ny Ala
350:) is one of the few species that can tolerate extreme salinity, so it is usually found alone on highly saline sites. Other salt-tolerant species move onto the flats as the water levels recede including
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508:) have also been seen here. The lake and saline flats constitute an important habitat for many threatened water bird species, such as Madagascan plover (
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Rasoloariniaina, JR. 2017. Physico-chemical water characteristics and aquatic macroinvertebrates of Lake
Tsimanampesotse, south-western Madagascar.
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Loewen, M. A., Samonds, K. E., and
Ramarolahy, M. F. 2001. Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, A Modern Alkaline Playa Lake In Madagascar.
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International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Jolly, P. Oberle, R. Albignac. 2016. Key Environments: Madagascar. Elsevier, Jan. 22, 2016 - Science - 239 pages
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has a total area of 456 km (176 sq mi), while the surface of the lake is much smaller.
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Emergent plant species able to grow in the sodic water include southern cattail (
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More than 34 bird species are recorded from the lake area. Greater flamingos (
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Insects found included: flies (Diptera); beetles, including nymph of the
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685:"Parc national Tsimanampesotse | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
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553:"Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, A Modern Alkaline Playa Lake in Madagascar"
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323:Dry forest on sandy soils of lakeTsimanampetsotsa
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620:. 42. 191-199. 10.2989/16085914.2017.1357532.
392:Annelida (ringed or segmented worms), family
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636:(GSA), Annual Meeting, November 5–8, 2001.
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284:and it is also within a Ramsar site. The
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399:Gastropoda species (snails and slugs):
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441:(diving beetles) and adults of the
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618:African Journal of Aquatic Science
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634:The Geological Society of America
421:Crustacea species (crustaceans):
27:Alkaline lake in Toliara Province
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691:from the original on 2019-04-04
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559:from the original on 2017-08-20
418:sp. (Hydrobiidae) (mud snails).
367:) and the golden leather fern (
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200:40 km (15 sq mi)
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469:family and damselflies of the
430:Halmyrapseudes thaumastocheles
282:Tsimanampetsotsa National Park
241:, in the southwestern part of
208:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
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396:(freshwater jawless leeches).
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355:littoralis, Atripex perrieri
424:Grandidierella mahafalensis
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721:Ramsar sites in Madagascar
666:http://www.iucnredlist.org
492:) in Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
245:. It is located at around
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291:The name of the lake in
376:Casuarina equisetifolia
347:Salicornia pachystachya
192:2 km (1.2 mi)
184:20 km (12 mi)
726:Saline lakes of Africa
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517:Tachybaptus pelzelnii
511:Charadrius thoracicus
499:Phoenicopterus roseus
490:Phoenicopterus roseus
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360:Sporobolus virginicus
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311:Climate and Hydrology
223:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
218:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
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69:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
33:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
505:Phoenicopterus minor
449:families; mayflies (
295:means "lake without
280:is protected within
231:Lac Tsimanampetsotsa
716:Lakes of Madagascar
412:(Hydrocanidae) and
402:Planorbis planorbis
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671:2018-01-24 at the
524:Towns and villages
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370:Acrostichum aureum
364:Paspalum vaginatum
344:spp.). Glasswort (
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335:Typha domingensis
264:24.117°S 43.750°E
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736:Sacred lakes
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197:Surface area
286:Ramsar site
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181:Max. length
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92:Coordinates
710:Categories
695:2021-03-30
588:2017-08-19
563:2017-08-19
536:References
455:Naucoridae
439:Dytiscidae
328:Vegetation
243:Madagascar
205:Max. depth
189:Max. width
172:Madagascar
44:from space
689:Archived
669:Archived
582:Archived
557:Archived
520:) (EN).
473:family.
459:Veliidae
408:Georissa
297:dolphins
293:Malagasy
81:Location
655:28:1–36
447:Elmidae
353:Salsola
341:Cyperus
255:43°45′E
252:24°07′S
237:in the
105:43°45′E
102:24°07′S
410:petiti
276:. The
227:French
477:Birds
167:Basin
461:and
445:and
278:lake
161:none
149:none
131:Type
712::
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625:^
597:^
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544:^
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229::
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488:(
225:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
