2422:
1014:
424:
973:
981:
949:
27:
965:
1003:
144:
938:
1028:
250:
992:
331:. Stratification can be permanent, or with seasonal mixing. The depth of the oxic/anoxic interface separating the two layers varies from a few centimeters to near the bottom sediments, depending on local conditions. In either case, it represents an important barrier, both physically and between strongly contrasting biochemical conditions.
524:. Culture-independent genetic surveys have shown that soda lakes contain an unusually high amount of alkaliphilic microorganisms with low genetic similarity to known species. This indicates a long evolutionary history of adaptation to these habitats with few new species from other environments becoming adapted over time.
414:
are a particularly preferred food source for these birds, owing to their large cell size and high nutritional value. Declines in East
African soda lake productivity due to rising water levels threaten this food source. This may force lesser flamingos to move north and south, away from the equator.
855:
instead derive their energy from oxidation of the sulfide reaching the oxygenated layers of soda lakes. Some of these are photosynthetic sulfur phototrophs, which means that they also require light to derive energy. Examples of alkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are the genera
204:
In order for a lake to become alkalic, a special combination of geographical, geological and climatic conditions are required. First of all, a suitable topography is needed, that limits the outflow of water from the lake. When the outflow is completely prevented, this is called an
3831:
Vidaković, Danijela; Krizmanić, Jelena; Dojčinović, Biljana P.; Pantelić, Ana; Gavrilović, Bojan; Živanović, Milica; Novaković, Boris; Ćirić, Miloš (May 2019). "Alkaline soda Lake Velika
Rusanda (Serbia): the first insight into diatom diversity of this extreme saline lake".
488:. This is a major advantage, as culturing of novel microorganisms is a laborious technique known to seriously bias the outcome of diversity studies, since only about one in a hundred organisms can be cultured using standard techniques. For microorganisms, the
527:
In-depth genetic surveys also show an unusually low overlap in the microbial community present, between soda lakes with slightly different conditions such as pH and salinity. This trend is especially strong in the bottom layer
358:, particularly in those with more "extreme" conditions (higher alkalinity and salinity, or lower oxygen content). However, a rich diversity of eukaryotic algae, protists and fungi have also been encountered in many soda lakes.
558:
497:
gene clone libraries revealed that the bacterial community of the lake with the highest salinity was characterized by a higher recent accelerated diversification than the community of a freshwater lake, whereas the
84:
lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. The resulting hypersaline and highly alkalic soda lakes are considered some of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth.
2846:
Dong, H.; Zhang, G.; Jiang, H.; Yu, B.; Chapman, L. R.; Lucas, C. R.; Fields, M. W. (2006). "Microbial
Diversity in Sediments of Saline Qinghai Lake, China: Linking Geochemical Controls to Microbial Ecology".
246:. The rate at which carbonate salts are dissolved into the lake water also depends on the surrounding geology and can in some cases lead to relatively high alkalinity even in lakes with significant outflow.
492:
is typically targeted, due to its good properties such as existence in all cellular organisms and ability to be used as a "molecular clock" to trace the evolutionary history of an organism. For instance,
469:(appearance) of algae and other organisms may also vary from lake to lake, depending on local conditions, making their identification more difficult, which has probably led to several instances of
111:), have been measured. This makes them the most productive aquatic environments on Earth. An important reason for the high productivity is the virtually unlimited availability of dissolved
514:
In addition to their rich biodiversity, soda lakes often harbour many unique species, adapted to alkalic conditions and unable to live in environments with neutral pH. These are called
3860:
3801:
Cangemi, Marianna; Censi, Paolo; Reimer, Andreas; D'Alessandro, Walter; Hause-Reitner, Dorothea; Madonia, Paolo; Oliveri, Ygor; Pecoraino, Giovannella; Reitner, Joachim (April 2016).
2402:
which has applications in lithium storage batteries widely used in modern electronic gadgets and electrically powered automobiles. Water of some soda lakes are rich in dissolved
502:
in the hypersaline lake was lower than that in a freshwater lake. Culture-independent surveys have revealed that the diversity of microorganisms in soda lakes is very high, with
461:, identification has been hindered by the fact that many soda lakes harbour poorly studied species, unique to these relatively unusual habitats and in many cases thought to be
343:
with visible colouration in many lakes. The colour varies between particular lakes, depending on their predominant life forms and can range from green to orange or red.
339:
A rich diversity of microbial life inhabit soda lakes, often in dense concentrations. This makes them unusually productive ecosystems and leads to permanent or seasonal
796:
have been found in soda lake sediments. When the resulting methane reaches the aerobic water of a soda lake, it can be consumed by methane-oxidizing bacteria such as
484:
to study the diversity of organisms in soda lakes. These methods are based on DNA extracted directly from the environment and thus do not require microorganisms to be
3486:
Hsieh, T. H.; Chen, J. J. J.; Chen, L. H.; Chiang, P. T.; Lee, H. Y. (2011). "Time-course gait analysis of hemiparkinsonian rats following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion".
578:
provides the primary energy source for life in soda lakes and this process dominates the activity at the surface. The most important photosynthesizers are typically
3361:
Carini, Stephen A.; Joye, Samantha B. (2008). "Nitrification in Mono Lake, California: Activity and community composition during contrasting hydrological regimes".
449:
In general, the microbial biodiversity of soda lakes is relatively poorly studied. Many studies have focused on the primary producers, namely the photosynthesizing
540:
dictates that most microbial species are cosmopolitan and dispersed globally, thanks to their enormous population sizes, a famous hypothesis first formulated by
391:), are also found in many of the less extreme soda lakes, adapted to the extreme conditions of these alkalic and often saline environments. Particularly in the
735:, and more. The stepwise anaerobic fermentation of organic compounds originating from the primary producers, results in one-carbon (C1) compounds such as
3544:"Low Taxon Richness of Bacterioplankton in High-Altitude Lakes of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with a Predominance of Bacteroidetes and Synechococcus spp"
3937:
3729:"Planktonic bacterial community composition of an extremely shallow soda pond during a phytoplankton bloom revealed by cultivation and molecular cloning"
3872:
532:) of stratified lakes, probably because of the isolated character of such environments. Diversity data from soda lakes suggest the existence of many
130:. The pH of most freshwater lakes is on the alkaline side of neutrality and many exhibit similar water chemistries to soda lakes, only less extreme.
651:
process or if these require organic carbon from cyanobacterial blooms, occurring during periods of heavy rainfall that dilute the surface waters.
3984:
3194:"Deep underwater seismic explosion experiments and their possible ecological impact – the case of Lake Arenguade – Central Ethiopian highlands"
2519:
3446:
Yuretich, R. F.; Cerling, T. E. (1983). "Hydrogeochemistry of Lake
Turkana, Kenya: Mass balance and mineral reactions in an alkaline lake".
272:. Otherwise, dissolved magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) will quickly remove the carbonate ions, through the precipitation of minerals such as
242:
arise through evaporation of the lake water. This requires suitable climatic conditions, in order for the inflow to balance outflow through
3309:"Molecular diversity of methanogens and identification of Methanolobus sp. as active methylotrophic Archaea in Lonar crater lake sediments"
2700:
Byrne, Aidan; Tebbs, Emma J.; Njoroge, Peter; Nkwabi, Ally; Chadwick, Michael A.; Freeman, Robin; Harper, David; Norris, Ken (2024-04-12).
2450:
1039:
The following table lists some examples of soda lakes by region, listing country, pH and salinity. NA indicates 'data not available':
3936:
Zorz, Jackie K.; Sharp, Christine; Kleiner, Manuel; Gordon, Paul M.K.; Pon, Richard T.; Dong, Xiaoli; Strous, Marc (September 2019).
3803:"Carbonate precipitation in the alkaline lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, Italy) and the possible role of microbial mats"
191:
3985:"Geo-chemical Behavior of Uranium in the Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan (India): Implications to "Source" of Salt and Uranium "Sink""
3696:"Characterization of photoautotrophic picoplankton assemblages in turbid, alkaline lakes of the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe)"
292:, which is very rich in Mg. In some soda lakes, inflow of Ca through subterranean seeps, can lead to localized precipitation. In
68:(and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of
3867:(The Malham Tarn Research Seminar, 16–18 November 2001). Past, present, future. Monitoring and Managing Change at Malham Tarn.
2445:
169:
2967:"Molecular analyses of microbial diversity associated with the Lonar soda lake in India: An impact crater in a basalt area"
3770:
Rusznyák, Anna; Vladar, Péter; Szabó, Gitta; Márialigeti, Károly; Borsodi, Andrea K (2008). "Bacterial diversity of reed (
3600:
2754:
Barberán, A.; Casamayor, E. O. (2010). "Euxinic
Freshwater Hypolimnia Promote Bacterial Endemicity in Continental Areas".
3627:"Environmental impact assessment of the national large solar telescope project and its ecological impact in Merak area"
2000:
312:
3728:
154:
165:
20:
173:
158:
3727:
Borsodi, Andrea K; Knáb, Mónika; Czeibert, Katalin; Márialigeti, Károly; Vörös, Lajos; Somogyi, Boglárka (2013).
3056:
2965:
Wani, A. A.; Surakasi, V. P.; Siddharth, J.; Raghavan, R. G.; Patole, M. S.; Ranade, D.; Shouche, Y. S. (2006).
1013:
3675:
2643:"Surprising Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Diversity, Community Structure and Biogeography of Ethiopian Soda Lakes"
2510:
Grant, W. D. (2006). "Alkaline
Environments and Biodiversity". In Gerday, Charles; Glansdorff, Nicolas (eds.).
2383:
2311:
813:
3625:
T.V. Ramachandra; Rao, K. Sankara; Boominathan, M.; Mahapatra, Durga Madhab; Bhat, Harish R. (February 2011).
423:
3233:
Zavarzin GA, Zhilina TN, Kevbrin VV (1999). "Alkaliphilic microbial community and its functional diversity".
2544:
536:
microbial species, unique to individual lakes. This is a controversial finding, since conventional wisdom in
3676:состав рассолов и минеральная зональность донных отложений содовых озер КулундинскОЙ степИ (Западная Сибирь)
3110:"Do Patterns of Bacterial Diversity along Salinity Gradients Differ from Those Observed for Macroorganisms?"
489:
377:
2907:"Geographic distance and pH drive bacterial distribution in alkaline lake sediments across Tibetan Plateau"
2804:"Temporal bacterial diversity and detection of putative methanotrophs in surface mats of Lonar crater lake"
2598:
921:. However, ammonia oxidation seems to be efficiently carried out in soda lakes in either case, probably by
4021:
3802:
3378:
2905:
Xiong, J.; Liu, Y.; Lin, X.; Zhang, H.; Zeng, J.; Hou, J.; Yang, Y.; Yao, T.; Knight, R.; Chu, H. (2012).
1904:
972:
909:, a nitrogen-containing waste product from degradation of dead cells, can be lost from soda lakes through
664:
659:
499:
264:
Another critical geological condition for the formation of a soda lake is the relative absence of soluble
89:
3650:
Ubaskin, A; Kassanova, A; Lunkov, A; Ahmetov, K; Almagambetova, K; Erzhanov, N; Abylkhassanov, T (2020).
3256:
gen. nov. And sp. Nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from
African Rift Valley soda lakes".
4016:
3868:
3651:
845:. These also play important an ecological role besides in the cycling of sulfur, as they also consume
3626:
3555:
3455:
3370:
3320:
3265:
3205:
3167:
3121:
2918:
2856:
2713:
2654:
2556:
2288:
2132:
1662:
541:
466:
3601:"Glacial and lake fluctuations in the area of the west Kunlun mountains during the last 45000 years"
3383:
107:(grams of carbon per square meter per day), over 16 times the global average for lakes and streams (
2169:
922:
888:
very important for their ecological functioning. One possible source of bio-available nitrogen is
308:
284:, effectively neutralizing the pH of the lake water. This results in a neutral (or slightly basic)
3911:
3521:
3495:
3396:
3289:
3087:
2880:
2779:
2252:
694:
477:
470:
281:
96:
2398:), etc. are extracted in large quantities. Lithium carbonate is a raw material in production of
3743:
3581:
3513:
3428:
3338:
3281:
3175:
3149:
3079:
3037:
2988:
2944:
2872:
2825:
2771:
2731:
2682:
2525:
2515:
2403:
2367:
2063:
2041:
1551:
1520:
1475:
881:
537:
506:(number of species present) of individual lakes often rivaling that of freshwater ecosystems.
494:
392:
127:
34:
227:
have outlets but also have the characteristics of soda lakes, and Lake
Tanganyika even grows
3957:
3949:
3903:
3841:
3783:
3707:
3652:"Hydrochemical Research and Geochemical Classification of Salt Lakes in the Pavlodar Region"
3571:
3563:
3505:
3463:
3388:
3328:
3273:
3213:
3139:
3129:
3071:
3027:
3019:
2978:
2934:
2926:
2864:
2815:
2763:
2721:
2672:
2662:
2606:
2564:
2087:
2067:
2045:
2025:
1760:
690:
674:
503:
81:
73:
65:
658:
for photosynthesis also contribute to primary production in many soda lakes. These include
2083:
2021:
1599:
1217:
980:
770:
731:
723:
669:
427:
396:
224:
206:
69:
3559:
3459:
3374:
3324:
3269:
3209:
3125:
2922:
2860:
2717:
2658:
2560:
395:, microorganisms in soda lakes also provide the main food source for vast flocks of the
3962:
3576:
3543:
3144:
3109:
2939:
2906:
2702:"Productivity declines threaten East African soda lakes and the iconic Lesser Flamingo"
2677:
2642:
1738:
1723:
1470:
1324:
1108:
1006:
948:
910:
896:
885:
833:. As opposed to neutral lakes, the high pH prohibits the release of hydrogen sulfide (H
792:
764:
727:
699:
655:
594:
can also dominate. Major genera of cyanobacteria typically found in soda lakes include
575:
481:
346:
Compared to freshwater ecosystems, life in soda lakes is often completely dominated by
112:
100:
3032:
3007:
26:
4010:
3774:) periphyton communities of Kelemen-szék and Nagy-Vadas (two Hungarian soda ponds)".
3525:
3467:
3333:
3308:
2930:
2514:. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems Vol. 1. Oxford: Eolss Publishers Co.; UNESCO.
2391:
1873:
1171:
914:
892:
707:
619:
579:
450:
435:
320:
3915:
3293:
3091:
2884:
3400:
3023:
2783:
2435:
2427:
2102:
2004:
1645:
1437:
1372:
1356:
1294:
1201:
995:
964:
926:
837:
S) in gas form. Genera of alkaliphilic sulfur-reducers found in soda lakes include
782:
776:
719:
715:
703:
683:
637:
628:
485:
366:
228:
2802:
Surakasi, V. P.; Antony, C. P.; Sharma, S.; Patole, M. S.; Shouche, Y. S. (2010).
2610:
2331:
1017:
3134:
2983:
2966:
2667:
3218:
3193:
2407:
2395:
2371:
2366:
Many water-soluble chemicals are extracted from the soda lake waters worldwide.
1981:
1949:
1822:
1629:
1567:
1453:
1388:
1264:
1248:
1232:
1139:
1032:
1002:
941:
901:
755:
751:
740:
595:
587:
563:
529:
516:
439:
404:
340:
324:
243:
143:
3953:
3845:
937:
3787:
3509:
3392:
3075:
2868:
2767:
2726:
2701:
2568:
2545:"Photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton in East African alkaline, saline lakes"
2417:
2268:
2232:
2228:
2212:
2153:
1838:
1667:
1583:
1404:
1340:
1155:
1065:
957:
953:
889:
458:
362:
347:
316:
258:
235:
210:
30:
3747:
3712:
3695:
3432:
2529:
689:
The photosynthesizing bacteria provide a food source for a vast diversity of
3179:
2248:
2208:
1027:
984:
711:
654:
Below the surface, anoxygenic photosynthesizers using other substances than
647:
583:
387:
293:
285:
277:
265:
254:
249:
220:
92:
77:
61:
3585:
3517:
3342:
3285:
3153:
3083:
3041:
2992:
2948:
2876:
2829:
2820:
2803:
2775:
2735:
2686:
899:. However, many of the dominant cyanobacteria found in soda lakes such as
3277:
991:
3567:
2440:
2387:
1854:
846:
747:
736:
533:
462:
351:
297:
289:
239:
53:
88:
In spite of their apparent inhospitability, soda lakes are often highly
3694:
Felföldi, T. S.; Somogyi, B. R.; Márialigeti, K. R.; Vörös, L. (2009).
3252:
Milford, A. D.; Achenbach, L. A.; Jung, D. O.; Madigan, M. T. (2000). "
2399:
2379:
2190:
1965:
1079:
918:
906:
830:
826:
818:
759:
632:
373:
355:
328:
273:
269:
19:
This article is about soda lakes in general. For lakes named Soda, see
3907:
2641:
Lanzén, A; Simachew, A; Gessesse, A; Chmolowska, D; Øvreås, L (2013).
3938:"A shared core microbiome in soda lakes separated by large distances"
2375:
2292:
2272:
2194:
2173:
2136:
1479:
822:
645:
dominate photosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether this is an
3008:"Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms"
557:
544:
in 1934 ("Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects").
60:
between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of
3629:(EIA study near Pangong Tso lake, India. CES Technical Report 123)
3500:
3174:(in German), The Hague, Netherlands: W.P. Van Stockum & Zoon,
1777:
1742:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1001:
990:
979:
971:
963:
947:
936:
556:
476:
Recently, a number of studies have used molecular methods such as
443:
422:
248:
25:
382:
301:
214:
123:
49:
3894:
Allan
Pentecost (2009). "The Marl Lakes of the British Isles".
137:
122:), typically in arid and semi-arid areas and in connection to
829:(S). Anoxic layers of soda lakes are therefore often rich in
2410:
is carried out on a commercial scale with soda lake water.
917:, in which ammonia is "recycled" to the bio-available form
768:. A diversity of methanogens including the archaeal genera
57:
490:
phylogenetic marker gene small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA
95:, compared to their (pH-neutral) freshwater counterparts.
817:
are common in anoxic layers of soda lakes. These reduce
3599:
Chaohai, Liu; Li, Shijie; Yafeng, Shi (January 1992).
2470:
3198:
Limnologica - Ecology and
Management of Inland Waters
849:, resulting from the fermentation of organic matter.
520:. Organisms also adapted to high salinity are called
118:
Soda lakes occur naturally throughout the world (see
3307:
Antony CP, Colin Murrell J, Shouche YS (July 2012).
895:, which can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere during
2597:Kempe, Stephan; Kazmierczak, Józef (January 2011).
884:for growth in many soda lakes, making the internal
758:use these compounds to derive energy, by producing
327:), without oxygen and often high concentrations of
300:, Turkey, such precipitation has formed columns of
219:There are exceptions to the "no outlet" rule: both
3865:) at Craven limestone complex SAC, North Yorkshire
697:organotrophic microorganisms from phyla including
3057:"A renaissance for the pioneering 16S rRNA gene"
968:2010 satellite image of Sambhar Salt Lake, India
419:Microbial diversity surveys and species richness
3427:, 59. Hingham, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
952:Astronaut photograph of the mostly dry bed of
3192:Girma, M. B.; Kifle, D.; Jebessa, H. (2012).
2601:. In Joachim Reitner and Volker Thiel (ed.).
8:
217:often provide such topological depressions.
3765:
3763:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3172:Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
457:). As studies have traditionally relied on
172:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2797:
2795:
2793:
2749:
2747:
2745:
1041:
905:are probably not able to fix nitrogen.
3961:
3711:
3575:
3542:Xing, P.; Hahn, M. W.; Wu, Q. L. (2009).
3499:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3382:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3332:
3217:
3143:
3133:
3031:
2982:
2938:
2819:
2725:
2676:
2666:
582:, but in many less "extreme" soda lakes,
473:confusions in the scientific literature.
192:Learn how and when to remove this message
3983:Yadav, D. N.; Sarin, M. M. (June 2009).
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
913:because of the high pH. This can hinder
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3537:
3535:
3103:
3101:
2960:
2958:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2462:
465:, i.e. existing only in one lake. The
119:
3645:
3643:
3548:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2841:
2839:
56:side of neutrality, typically with a
7:
170:adding citations to reliable sources
3421:Saline lake ecosystems of the world
2471:"Geology, geochemistry and genesis"
2451:List of bodies of water by salinity
403:). The cyanobacteria of the genus
14:
2605:. pp. 824-829 (see p. 825).
454:
134:Geology, geochemistry and genesis
3656:IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
3419:Hammer, Ulrich Theodore (1986).
3334:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01274.x
3055:Tringe SG, Hugenholtz P (2008).
2931:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02799.x
2420:
142:
3448:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2446:Residual sodium carbonate index
746:At the bottom of lakes (in the
304:rising above the lake surface.
288:instead. A good example is the
3024:10.1128/mmbr.68.4.669-685.2004
2543:Melack, JM; Kilham, P (1974).
361:Multicellular animals such as
16:Lake that is strongly alkaline
1:
2808:Journal of Basic Microbiology
2611:10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_192
987:feeding at Lake Nakuru, Kenya
631:soda lakes, haloalkaliphilic
307:Many soda lakes are strongly
3468:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90240-5
3135:10.1371/journal.pone.0027597
2984:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.08.005
2668:10.1371/journal.pone.0072577
876:Nitrogen and other nutrients
3219:10.1016/j.limno.2011.12.002
1125:Lake Arenguadi (Green Lake)
561:Cyanobacteria of the genus
510:Biogeography and uniqueness
4038:
3954:10.1038/s41467-019-12195-5
3859:Bradley, P. (March 2002).
3846:10.1007/s00792-019-01088-6
3488:Behavioural Brain Research
3363:Limnology and Oceanography
3168:Baas-Becking, Lourens G.M.
2911:Environmental Microbiology
2603:Encyclopedia of Geobiology
1996:
1419:
1280:Lake Sonachi (Crater Lake)
1061:
923:ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
670:purple non-sulfur bacteria
21:Soda Lake (disambiguation)
18:
3863:Austropotamobius pallipes
3788:10.1007/s00792-008-0183-5
3510:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031
3393:10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2546
3076:10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.011
2869:10.1007/s00248-005-0228-6
2768:10.1007/s00248-010-9775-6
2727:10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.006
2569:10.4319/lo.1974.19.5.0743
2327:
2307:
1869:
1031:Lake Specchio di Venere,
853:Sulfur-oxidating bacteria
678:(for example the species
453:or eukaryotic algae (see
213:or depressions formed by
3713:10.4081/jlimnol.2009.385
3258:Archives of Microbiology
2971:Research in Microbiology
2384:Qinghai Salt Lake Potash
814:Sulfur-reducing bacteria
393:East African Rift Valley
128:East African Rift Valley
97:Gross primary production
35:East African Rift Valley
3861:White-clawed Crayfish (
3425:Monographiae biologicae
1712:Aksai Chin, India/China
1698:Aksai Chin, India/China
1684:Aksai Chin, India/China
1618:Aksai Chin, India/China
1604:Aksai Chin, India/China
762:, a procedure known as
378:Paradiaptomus africanus
3012:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2821:10.1002/jobm.201000001
1695:North Tianshuihai lake
1036:
1024:
1010:
999:
988:
977:
969:
961:
945:
665:Ectothiorhodospiraceae
660:purple sulfur bacteria
572:
500:phylogenetic diversity
446:
261:
37:
3942:Nature Communications
3869:Field Studies Council
3278:10.1007/s002030000166
3254:Rhodobaca bogoriensis
3006:Handelsman J (2004).
2189:Kauhako Crater Lake,
1030:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
975:
967:
951:
940:
870:Natronhydrogenobacter
825:from dead cells into
680:Rhodobaca bogoriensis
641:and bacteria such as
560:
426:
252:
29:
3807:Applied Geochemistry
3772:Phragmites australis
3700:Journal of Limnology
3605:Annals of Glaciology
3568:10.1128/AEM.01544-09
3313:FEMS Microbiol. Ecol
1948:Specchio di Venere (
1663:Surigh Yilganing Kol
1584:Tso Moriri Salt Lake
976:Lake Eyasi, Tanzania
839:Desulfonatronovibrio
542:Lourens Baas Becking
432:Phoenicopterus minor
166:improve this section
72:and other dissolved
3560:2009ApEnM..75.7017X
3460:1983GeCoA..47.1099Y
3375:2008LimOc..53.2546C
3325:2012FEMME..81...43A
3270:2000ArMic.174...18M
3210:2012Limng..42..212G
3126:2011PLoSO...627597W
3064:Curr Opin Microbiol
2923:2012EnvMi..14.2457X
2861:2006MicEc..51...65D
2718:2024CBio...34.1786B
2659:2013PLoSO...872577L
2561:1974LimOc..19..743M
1905:Lake Fehér (Szeged)
944:, India & Tibet
866:Thioalkalimicrobium
401:Phoeniconaias minor
3896:Freshwater Reviews
3875:on 18 October 2008
2062:Last Chance Lake (
1037:
1025:
1011:
1000:
989:
978:
970:
962:
946:
933:List of soda lakes
573:
478:DNA fingerprinting
447:
262:
38:
3908:10.1608/FRJ-2.2.4
3554:(22): 7017–7025.
2849:Microbial Ecology
2756:Microbial Ecology
2521:978-1-84826-993-4
2457:Explanatory notes
2404:uranium carbonate
2368:Lithium carbonate
2359:
2358:
2064:Bonaparte Plateau
2042:Bonaparte Plateau
2040:Goodenough Lake (
1651:India & China
1634:India & China
1568:Tso Kar Salt Lake
1552:Sambhar Salt Lake
1310:Malha Crater Lake
882:limiting nutrient
538:microbial ecology
495:16S ribosomal RNA
296:, California and
202:
201:
194:
64:salts, typically
4029:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3871:. Archived from
3856:
3850:
3849:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3733:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3691:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:. pp. 79–84
3596:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3503:
3483:
3472:
3471:
3454:(6): 1099–1109.
3443:
3437:
3436:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3386:
3369:(6): 2546–2557.
3358:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3137:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2917:(9): 2457–2466.
2902:
2889:
2888:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2799:
2788:
2787:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2712:(8): 1786–1793.
2697:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2638:
2615:
2614:
2594:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2549:Limnol. Oceanogr
2540:
2534:
2533:
2507:
2474:
2467:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2423:
1879:Austria, Hungary
1827:Russia, Mongolia
1681:Tianshuihai lake
1615:Lake Hongshan Hu
1600:Aksayqin Hu Lake
1042:
858:Thioalkalivibrio
802:Methylomicrobium
675:Rhodobacteraceae
567:(synonymous to "
522:haloalkaliphiles
504:species richness
428:Lesser flamingos
253:Tufa columns at
215:tectonic rifting
197:
190:
186:
183:
177:
146:
138:
110:
106:
66:sodium carbonate
52:on the strongly
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3996:
3994:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3968:
3966:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3816:
3814:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3752:
3750:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3693:
3692:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3418:
3417:
3408:
3384:10.1.1.307.8534
3360:
3359:
3350:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3108:Wang J (2011).
3107:
3106:
3099:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2977:(10): 928–937.
2964:
2963:
2956:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2801:
2800:
2791:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2706:Current Biology
2699:
2698:
2694:
2640:
2639:
2618:
2596:
2595:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2364:
2118:Lake Alchichica
2084:Cariboo Plateau
2022:Cariboo Plateau
1009:lake, Indonesia
935:
878:
843:Desulfonatronum
836:
810:
771:Methanocalculus
732:Gemmatimonadota
724:Planctomycetota
555:
550:
512:
421:
397:lesser flamingo
337:
313:well-oxygenated
225:Lake Tanganyika
218:
207:endorheic basin
198:
187:
181:
178:
163:
147:
136:
108:
104:
70:sodium chloride
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3975:
3921:
3902:(1): 167–197.
3886:
3851:
3823:
3793:
3759:
3742:(4): 575–584.
3719:
3679:
3668:
3639:
3617:
3591:
3531:
3473:
3438:
3406:
3348:
3299:
3264:(1–2): 18–27.
3244:
3235:Mikrobiologiya
3225:
3204:(3): 212–219.
3184:
3159:
3120:(11): e27597.
3097:
3070:(5): 442–446.
3047:
3018:(4): 669–685.
2998:
2954:
2890:
2835:
2814:(5): 465–474.
2789:
2762:(2): 465–472.
2741:
2692:
2616:
2580:
2555:(5): 743–755.
2535:
2520:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2415:
2412:
2363:
2362:Industrial use
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2308:South America
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:Baldwin Lake,
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
1998:
1997:North America
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1739:Kulunda Steppe
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:Satonda Island
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1473:
1471:Kartsakhi Lake
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:Lake Balangida
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:Empakai Crater
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:Wadi El Natrun
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1007:Satonda Island
934:
931:
911:volatilization
897:photosynthesis
886:nitrogen cycle
880:Nitrogen is a
877:
874:
862:Thiorhodospira
834:
809:
806:
793:Methanoculleus
765:methanogenesis
728:Actinomycetota
700:Pseudomonadota
682:isolated from
656:carbon dioxide
643:Halorhodospira
576:Photosynthesis
554:
551:
549:
546:
511:
508:
420:
417:
341:"algae blooms"
336:
333:
200:
199:
150:
148:
141:
135:
132:
124:tectonic rifts
113:carbon dioxide
103:) rates above
101:photosynthesis
76:, making them
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4034:
4023:
4022:Lakes by type
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
3993:
3992:Aquat Geochem
3986:
3979:
3976:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:Extremophiles
3827:
3824:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:Extremophiles
3773:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3736:Extremophiles
3730:
3723:
3720:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3658:(754): 012009
3657:
3653:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3628:
3621:
3618:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:(8): e72577.
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2512:Extremophiles
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:Lake Abijatta
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:Lake Werowrap
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:Lake Neusiedl
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:Kulunda St. (
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:Kulunda St. (
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:Tso Tang Lake
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:, India/China
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:(Crater Lake)
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Lake Abijatta
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1035:island, Italy
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
986:
982:
974:
966:
959:
955:
950:
943:
939:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:nitrification
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
894:
893:cyanobacteria
891:
887:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
848:
844:
840:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:
807:
805:
803:
799:
798:Methylobacter
795:
794:
789:
788:Methanosalsus
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:Spirochaetota
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
676:
671:
667:
666:
661:
657:
652:
650:
649:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
620:Synechococcus
616:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
593:
591:
588:green algae (
585:
581:
580:cyanobacteria
577:
570:
566:
565:
559:
552:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
525:
523:
519:
518:
509:
507:
505:
501:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:cyanobacteria
445:
441:
437:
436:cyanobacteria
434:) feeding on
433:
429:
425:
418:
416:
413:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:(notably the
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
323:lower layer (
322:
318:
315:upper layer (
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
260:
256:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
229:microbialites
226:
222:
216:
212:
208:
196:
193:
185:
182:February 2024
175:
171:
167:
161:
160:
156:
151:This section
149:
145:
140:
139:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
109:0.6 g C m day
102:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:alkaline lake
43:
36:
32:
28:
22:
4017:Saline lakes
3995:. Retrieved
3991:
3978:
3967:. Retrieved
3945:
3941:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:the original
3862:
3854:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3815:. Retrieved
3810:
3806:
3796:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3751:. Retrieved
3739:
3735:
3722:
3703:
3699:
3671:
3660:. Retrieved
3655:
3631:. Retrieved
3620:
3609:. Retrieved
3604:
3594:
3551:
3547:
3491:
3487:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3424:
3420:
3366:
3362:
3319:(1): 43–51.
3316:
3312:
3302:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3171:
3162:
3117:
3113:
3067:
3063:
3050:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2974:
2970:
2914:
2910:
2855:(1): 65–82.
2852:
2848:
2811:
2807:
2759:
2755:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2650:
2646:
2602:
2599:"Soda Lakes"
2572:. Retrieved
2552:
2548:
2538:
2511:
2465:
2436:Alkali soils
2428:Lakes portal
2365:
2334:Caldera Lake
2103:Lake Texcoco
2082:Probe Lake (
2001:Manitou Lake
1920:Kelemen-szék
1648:(Pongur Tso)
1646:Spanggur Tso
1630:Pangong Lake
1537:Namucuo Lake
1492:Khyagar Lake
1438:Qinghai Lake
1373:Momela Lakes
1357:Lake Manyara
1295:Lake Turkana
1202:Lake Bogoria
1038:
996:Lake Turkana
942:Pangong lake
927:Thaumarchaea
900:
890:diazotrophic
879:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
851:
842:
838:
821:and organic
812:
811:
808:Sulfur cycle
801:
797:
791:
787:
783:Methanosaeta
781:
777:Methanolobus
775:
769:
763:
745:
720:Deinococcota
716:Thermotogota
704:Bacteroidota
698:
688:
684:Lake Bogoria
679:
673:
663:
653:
646:
642:
638:Halobacteria
636:
624:
618:
614:
611:Anabaenopsis
610:
607:A. platensis
606:
600:
596:
589:
574:
568:
562:
553:Carbon cycle
526:
521:
517:alkaliphiles
515:
513:
475:
455:Carbon cycle
448:
431:
409:
405:
400:
386:
376:
369:
367:brine shrimp
360:
345:
338:
335:Biodiversity
306:
263:
233:
203:
188:
179:
164:Please help
152:
117:
105:10 g C m day
87:
45:
41:
39:
3948:(1): 1–10.
3782:: 763–773.
2408:Algaculture
2396:Lake Natron
2372:Lake Zabuye
2312:Antofagasta
2289:Summer Lake
2133:Alkali Lake
2020:Deer Lake (
1982:Malham Tarn
1950:Pantelleria
1823:Torey Lakes
1808:Lake Khatyn
1506:Kushul lake
1454:Lake Zabuye
1423:Guozha lake
1389:Lake Natron
1265:Lake Nakuru
1249:Lake Magadi
1233:Lake Logipi
1140:Lake Basaka
1094:Rombou Lake
1033:Pantelleria
925:as well as
902:Arthrospira
756:methanogens
752:hypolimnion
741:methylamine
648:autotrophic
627:. In more
625:Chroococcus
597:Arthrospira
590:Chlorophyta
564:Arthrospira
530:hypolimnion
440:Lake Nakuru
406:Arthrospira
363:crustaceans
348:prokaryotes
325:hypolimnion
244:evaporation
120:table below
82:hypersaline
4011:Categories
3997:2024-07-05
3969:2024-07-05
3817:2024-07-05
3753:2024-07-05
3706:(2): 385.
3662:2024-07-05
3633:2024-07-05
3611:2024-07-05
3494:(1): 1–9.
3241:: 579–599.
2574:2024-07-05
2481:References
2378:(see lake
2269:Soda Lakes
2229:Owens Lake
2170:Borax Lake
1934:Nagy-Vadas
1890:Böddi-szék
1839:Lake Salda
1794:Taboos-nor
1783:Kazakhstan
1748:Kazakhstan
1668:Aksai Chin
1521:Lonar Lake
1456:(Drangyer)
1405:Lake Rukwa
1341:Lake Eyasi
1187:Lake Chitu
1156:Lake Shala
1066:Lake Ngami
954:Owens Lake
615:Cyanospira
599:(formerly
584:eukaryotes
482:sequencing
467:morphology
459:microscopy
408:(formerly
317:epilimnion
309:stratified
259:California
236:alkalinity
93:ecosystems
90:productive
31:Lake Shala
3879:19 August
3813:: 168–176
3748:1431-0651
3526:119601350
3501:1302.5809
3433:468035797
3379:CiteSeerX
2530:377806109
2349:Australia
2332:Niuafoʻou
2249:Soap Lake
2209:Mono Lake
1786:9.47-9.50
1761:Petukhovo
1751:8.89-9.16
1728:Indonesia
1057:Salinity
1045:Continent
1018:Niuafo'ou
985:Flamingos
712:Bacillota
695:anaerobic
605:(notably
601:Spirulina
569:Spirulina
471:taxonomic
410:Spirulina
388:Alcolapia
319:) and an
311:, with a
294:Mono Lake
286:salt lake
278:magnesite
266:magnesium
255:Mono Lake
234:The high
221:Lake Kivu
153:does not
126:like the
62:carbonate
42:soda lake
33:, in the
3916:86157620
3586:19767472
3518:21435355
3343:22150151
3294:12430130
3286:10985738
3180:44189670
3170:(1934),
3154:22125616
3114:PLOS ONE
3092:10552013
3084:18817891
3042:15590779
2993:17070674
2949:22676420
2885:34103123
2877:16400537
2830:20586073
2776:21107832
2736:38614083
2687:24023625
2647:PLOS ONE
2441:Dry lake
2414:See also
2388:soda ash
2328:Oceania
2110:8.8–11.5
1855:Lake Van
1797:Mongolia
1769:9.8-10.1
1529:9.5–10.5
1409:Tanzania
1399:>10%
1393:Tanzania
1377:Tanzania
1361:Tanzania
1345:Tanzania
1329:Tanzania
1316:9.5–10.3
1259:>10%
1240:9.5–10.5
1190:Ethiopia
1176:Ethiopia
1160:Ethiopia
1144:Ethiopia
1128:Ethiopia
1084:Botswana
1070:Botswana
847:hydrogen
748:sediment
737:methanol
672:such as
662:such as
635:such as
586:such as
486:cultured
372:and the
352:bacteria
298:Lake Van
290:Dead Sea
282:dolomite
240:salinity
58:pH value
54:alkaline
3963:6748926
3577:2786500
3556:Bibcode
3456:Bibcode
3401:1869692
3371:Bibcode
3321:Bibcode
3266:Bibcode
3206:Bibcode
3145:3220692
3122:Bibcode
2940:3477592
2919:Bibcode
2857:Bibcode
2784:6985343
2714:Bibcode
2678:3758324
2655:Bibcode
2557:Bibcode
2400:lithium
2380:Lop Nur
2191:Molokai
1989:8.0–8.6
1966:Rusanda
1964:Velika
1952:Island)
1937:Hungary
1923:Hungary
1909:Hungary
1899:12.34%
1896:8.8–9.8
1893:Hungary
1876:(Fertő)
1870:Europe
1862:9.7–9.8
1741:lakes (
1476:Georgia
1302:8.5–9.2
1131:9.5–9.9
1080:Sua Pan
1062:Africa
1051:Country
998:, Kenya
919:nitrate
907:Ammonia
831:sulfide
827:sulfide
819:sulfate
760:methane
691:aerobic
633:archaea
548:Ecology
534:endemic
463:endemic
374:copepod
370:Artemia
356:archaea
350:, i.e.
329:sulfide
274:calcite
270:calcium
211:Craters
174:removed
159:sources
3960:
3914:
3746:
3584:
3574:
3524:
3516:
3431:
3399:
3381:
3341:
3292:
3284:
3178:
3152:
3142:
3090:
3082:
3040:
3033:539003
3030:
2991:
2947:
2937:
2883:
2875:
2828:
2782:
2774:
2734:
2685:
2675:
2528:
2518:
2376:potash
2121:Mexico
2107:Mexico
2093:Canada
2073:Canada
2051:Canada
2031:Canada
2009:Canada
1970:Serbia
1859:Turkey
1843:Turkey
1811:Russia
1766:Russia
1487:0.09%
1480:Turkey
1396:9–10.5
1364:9.5–10
1305:0.25%
1134:0.25%
1020:lake,
823:sulfur
629:saline
385:(e.g.
381:) and
321:anoxic
78:saline
3988:(PDF)
3912:S2CID
3840:(3).
3732:(PDF)
3522:S2CID
3496:arXiv
3397:S2CID
3290:S2CID
3088:S2CID
3060:(PDF)
2881:S2CID
2780:S2CID
2390:(see
2370:(see
2337:Tonga
2317:Chile
2263:0.7%
1955:Italy
1926:9–9.7
1882:9–9.3
1865:2.3%
1789:2.7%
1778:Uyaly
1754:5.7%
1743:Borli
1640:0.9%
1588:India
1572:India
1556:India
1546:0.2%
1540:India
1526:India
1509:India
1501:0.6%
1495:India
1459:China
1448:2.2%
1442:China
1426:China
1420:Asia
1351:0.5%
1313:Sudan
1299:Kenya
1283:Kenya
1269:Kenya
1253:Kenya
1243:2–5%
1237:Kenya
1223:Kenya
1212:3.5%
1206:Kenya
1196:5.8%
1182:3.4%
1166:1.8%
1150:0.3%
1114:Egypt
1111:lakes
1022:Tonga
960:, USA
444:Kenya
74:salts
48:is a
3881:2008
3744:ISSN
3582:PMID
3514:PMID
3429:OCLC
3339:PMID
3282:PMID
3176:OCLC
3150:PMID
3080:PMID
3038:PMID
2989:PMID
2945:PMID
2873:PMID
2826:PMID
2772:PMID
2732:PMID
2683:PMID
2526:OCLC
2516:ISBN
2469:See
2394:and
2382:and
2314:Lake
2054:10.2
1731:8.55
1383:22%
1272:10.5
1220:lake
1209:10.5
1193:10.3
1100:10.2
1097:Chad
1089:19%
1048:Name
868:and
841:and
790:and
739:and
693:and
668:and
383:fish
354:and
302:tufa
238:and
223:and
157:any
155:cite
50:lake
3958:PMC
3950:doi
3904:doi
3842:doi
3784:doi
3708:doi
3572:PMC
3564:doi
3506:doi
3492:222
3464:doi
3389:doi
3329:doi
3274:doi
3262:174
3214:doi
3140:PMC
3130:doi
3072:doi
3028:PMC
3020:doi
2979:doi
2975:157
2935:PMC
2927:doi
2865:doi
2816:doi
2764:doi
2722:doi
2673:PMC
2663:doi
2607:doi
2565:doi
2386:),
2374:),
2355:4%
2352:9.8
2323:NA
2303:NA
2283:NA
2280:9.7
2260:9.7
2243:NA
2223:8%
2220:9.8
2184:NA
2164:NA
2147:NA
2127:NA
2124:8.9
2113:8%
2057:NA
2015:NA
1992:NA
1976:NA
1973:9.3
1943:NA
1929:NA
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