758:
473:
402:
695:
28:
314:
46:
537:
829:. They may also contain sculptures. Much of the area may be filled with gravel, set with larger stones, and carefully raked and kept free of weeds. Plants may be very minimal, and surrounded by stones, or the whole area may be covered with vegetation. Shade-loving plants are needed, as a narrow courtyard will seldom be in direct sunlight. Dwarf plants may also be used. A few stems of bamboo are common, but not ubiquitous. Artificial plants are also sometimes used.
432:
843:
452:
60:
497:
515:
561:
366:, merchants began building small gardens in the space between their shops – which faced the street – and their residences, located behind the shop. These tiny gardens were meant to be seen, but not entered, and usually featured a stone lantern, a water basin, stepping stones and a few plants, arranged in the
680:
use less space than larger gardens and are cheaper to build. As of 2012, the cost is in the low hundred thousand yen (low thousands of US dollars) for professional installation. Do-it-yourself kits cost a tenth as much and upwards. They also take less time to maintain; keeping a traditional
Japanese
589:
382:
gained greater popularity in the early 21st century, and can be found in many
Japanese residences, hotels, restaurants, and public buildings. Multistory and underground interior spaces present difficulties for
595:
594:
591:
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27:
592:
757:
353:
palaces, designed to give a glimpse of nature and some privacy to the residents of the rear side of the building. These were as small as one
1204:
1209:
787:, and a planting that grows in shade and moisture (bamboo, other grasses, ferns, and a creeping plant with small round leaves, probably
662:
are often set up where they can be seen by home occupants while relaxing or eating dinner. Commercial restaurants and eateries, such as
624:
are used to provide a touch of nature, connect the outdoors to the indoors, and make an indoor space seem larger; they can also act as
45:
496:
244:
A number of different terms exist to describe the function of townhouse gardens. Courtyard gardens of all sizes are referred to as
694:
514:
560:
1061:
114:
have been described as "quasi-indoor gardens", and are a key feature of some traditional
Japanese homes, such as the
987:
1199:
536:
1214:
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938:
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is an area without the wooden flooring; the floorboards surrounding a garden may form a veranda called an
1126:
789:
472:
1080:
900:
635:
76:
751:, often used in wetter areas, as the bamboo sheds puddles well. There is no engawa on the right.
401:
639:
390:
325:
162:
As the floorboards in a traditional
Japanese building are usually raised above the ground, a
151:
that collect rainwater; others contain groundwater wells. They are traditional locations for
968:
154:
1176:
904:
780:
527:
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393:(using fiberoptic cables to pipe in sunlight), and a combination of both have been used.
816:
713:
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431:
1193:
611:
959:
Arimoto, Y.; Homma, Y.; Furuune, H.; Tanaka, K.; Yokota, J.; Hara, K. (March 1995).
313:
972:
874:
350:
330:
217:(flooring and sleeping mats), roughly 3.3 square metres (36 sq ft)), and
961:"Indoor gardens using the Himawari sunlight collection and transmission device"
960:
138:). They are valued for their beauty and for bringing nature into the building.
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59:
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between shop space (right) and residence. This garden is literally one
117:
484:; the well has been replaced by a tap. A roof gutter also drains here.
772:
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214:
171:
101:
64:
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is found at the front of a traditional townhouse, with additional
105:
70:
58:
1005:
293:(hallway-garden, often mostly-roofed and used as a kitchen). The
79:. The trees are covered with straw to protect them from the snow.
39:
is meant to be seen from indoors. Note sliding glass doors.
1006:"Kyomachiya townhouses are full of interesting features!"
885:
is a famous courtyard garden using no vegetation at all.
646:). They may also contain a basin, traditionally used for
159:(handwashing). They also provide light and ventilation.
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were originally found in the interior courtyards of
1062:"From Japan's Urban Dwellings, Corners of Serenity"
672:, placed so that guests can see them while eating.
359:– roughly 3.3 square metres (36 sq ft).
711:
642:a breeze to blow through the living space (see
251:
191:
84:
720:
258:
198:
93:
771:. Pale gravel and feature stones (apparently
305:often found in the interior and at the rear.
8:
726:
374:(tea-garden) style, which was fashionable.
264:
123:
1012:. Leaf Publications Co. Ltd. 21 March 2017
250:, "inner gardens"; gardens referred to as
1146:"How to Plan a Japanese Courtyard Garden"
1177:"Ryogen-in, a sub-temple of Daitoku-ji"
1031:
1029:
1027:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
916:
681:garden is considered a meditative act.
229:translate to "container garden", and a
223:, meaning "garden". Other spellings of
23:
954:
952:
413:(merchant's house), structural model.
205:, a unit of measurement (equal to 1×1
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
988:"Mirei Shigemori: at home with stone"
7:
1098:Feuerpeil, Jenny (26 August 2019).
51:Straight-on view of the same garden
863:style and does not use vegetation.
389:cultivation; artificial lighting,
14:
1144:Judy Kilpatrick (19 March 2012).
1081:"Day 89 – Kyoto has a new garden"
1079:Feuerpeil, Jenny (30 June 2014).
1060:Tanikawa, Miki (23 August 2012).
63:The courtyard garden of a former
1100:"The Tiniest Garden – Web Comic"
937:Keane, Marc P. (18 April 2016).
756:
693:
559:
535:
513:
495:
471:
450:
430:
400:
44:
26:
805:typically contain a functional
287:(shop entrance garden) and the
1037:The Art of the Japanese Garden
973:10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.391.8
743:. The engawa on the left is a
1:
877:can be found in the villa of
763:A garden surrounded by a low
334:
939:"Japanese Courtyard Gardens"
638:in an otherwise small home,
235:may differ in size from the
1205:Japanese style of gardening
1127:"Muza-chan's Gate to Japan"
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1210:Japanese words and phrases
478:A 20th century functional
16:Very small Japanese garden
821:(water basin), such as a
721:
466:, with well in foreground
443:with many stepping-stones
259:
199:
180:Etymology and terminology
94:
907:using courts and gardens
100:is a type of very small
864:
616:
425:, two tatami, in area.
341:
80:
899:– for the physics of
845:
790:Soleirolia soleirolii
599:
316:
241:unit of measurement.
62:
1116:Account: Sketches:
986:Mansfield, Stephen.
867:A good example of a
634:are used to provide
323:, illustration from
1010:Why KYOTO? Magazine
636:passive ventilation
600:At night, with lit
317:Courtiers around a
1164:Le jardin japonais
1066:The New York Times
965:Acta Horticulturae
865:
855:garden, is in the
654:, hand-cleansing.
617:
342:
213:, the size of two
81:
77:Kanazawa, Ishikawa
1181:kyoto.asanoxn.com
1162:Gunter Nitschke,
597:
576:in a Kyoto temple
391:anidolic lighting
326:The Tale of Genji
281:include both the
1222:
1200:Japanese gardens
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1104:90 Days in Kyoto
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1085:90 Days in Kyoto
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967:(391): 103–110.
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736:hand water basin
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781:columnar basalt
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839:
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813:lantern and a
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582:
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548:in a historic
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508:in Kyoto, 2013
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494:
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477:
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437:An Edo period
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274:passage garden
181:
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54:
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32:
25:
22:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1227:
1216:
1215:Japanese home
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1131:muza-chan.net
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943:Kyoto Journal
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749:
748:
747:takesunoko-en
716:
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709:
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684:
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678:
673:
670:
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614:
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612:shishi-odoshi
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29:
24:
19:
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1103:
1093:
1084:
1074:
1065:
1036:
1014:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
991:
981:
964:
942:
894:
875:Meiji period
866:
799:
788:
674:
656:
618:
376:
361:
351:Heian period
343:
331:Heian period
324:
290:hashiri-niwa
243:
183:
161:
140:
86:
82:
18:
992:Japan Times
901:ventilating
849:, a famous
817:chōzu-bachi
714:chōzu-bachi
664:ramen shops
626:light wells
608:and moving
505:zensai-niwa
362:During the
338: 1130
296:zensai-niwa
190:stems from
1194:Categories
912:References
881:in Kyoto.
870:tsubo-niwa
859:karesansui
852:tsubo-niwa
836:tsubo-niwa
802:Tsubo-niwa
785:rain chain
703:tsubo-niwa
677:Tsubo-niwa
669:tsubo-niwa
659:Tsubo-niwa
631:tsubo-niwa
628:. Several
621:Tsubo-niwa
569:tsubo-niwa
481:tsubo-niwa
463:tsubo-niwa
459:Edo period
440:tsubo-niwa
416:Tsubo-niwa
386:tsubo-niwa
379:Tsubo-niwa
364:Edo period
346:Tsubo-niwa
320:tsubo-niwa
302:tsubo-niwa
232:tsubo-niwa
226:tsubo-niwa
149:impluviums
144:tsubo-niwa
111:Tsubo-niwa
95:坪庭/壷庭/つぼにわ
87:tsubo-niwa
36:tsubo-niwa
1166:, p. 225.
873:from the
777:sandstone
767:kirime-en
708:moss lawn
574:moss lawn
545:tori-niwa
523:mise-niwa
520:A modern
284:mise-niwa
253:tōri-niwa
247:naka-niwa
187:tsuboniwa
184:The term
147:are also
133:townhouse
1039:, p. 126
896:Tablinum
889:See also
883:Totekiko
879:Murin-an
847:Totekiko
825:tsukubai
700:A shady
685:Contents
644:tablinum
640:allowing
530:, gravel
407:A Kyoto
370:cha-niwa
1035:Young,
905:cooling
833:Famous
730:
706:with a
584:Purpose
572:with a
551:machiya
410:machiya
309:History
268:
127:
118:machiya
67:house (
1150:SFGATE
1016:8 July
779:, and
773:pumice
710:and a
650:temizu
554:, 2013
215:tatami
172:engawa
155:temizu
102:garden
65:geisha
783:), a
422:tsubo
356:tsubo
238:tsubo
193:tsubo
141:Some
106:Japan
75:) in
71:okiya
1018:2020
903:and
809:tōrō
727:lit.
604:tōrō
265:lit.
220:niwa
165:niwa
124:lit.
969:doi
722:手水鉢
457:An
260:通り庭
209:ken
104:in
1196::
1179:.
1148:.
1129:.
1102:.
1083:.
1064:.
1044:^
1026:^
1008:.
990:.
963:.
951:^
941:.
919:^
793:).
775:,
725:,
566:A
542:A
502:A
335:c.
329:,
263:,
176:.
108:.
83:A
33:A
1183:.
1152:.
1133:.
1106:.
1087:.
1068:.
1020:.
994:.
975:.
971::
945:.
741:)
739:'
733:'
719:(
340:)
333:(
279:)
277:'
271:'
257:(
203:)
200:坪
197:(
136:'
130:'
122:(
98:)
92:(
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