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are 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long and 1.8–2 mm (0.071–0.079 in) broad, flattened, not tapering toward their ends, with a rounded or slightly notched apex; they radiate outward in all directions from the twigs, and smell of tangerine if crushed. They are glossy dark green above and
300:. Its habitat is on rocky mountain slopes at elevations of 700–1,200 m (2,300–3,900 ft). The optimal growing condition is a partly shady area with moist but well-drained soil in a cool climate. There is a small, self-sustaining population of Carolina hemlock in the
330:
growing up to 30 m (98 ft) (exceptionally 34 m or 112 ft) tall and 110 cm (43 in) in trunk diameter under forest conditions. The crown is compact and pyramidal, growing up to 8 m (26 ft) wide. The
335:
is thick and reddish-brown, and becomes fissured between scaly ridges. The branches are stout and usually horizontal, but often slightly drooping. The shoots are red-brown to orange-brown, and finely hairy. The
349:
are 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) long, green, maturing light to mid-brown 6–7 months after pollination. When fully open, their scales are positioned at a right angle or reflexed to the central axis.
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410:, compared with the shallow, aggressive roots of eastern hemlock. This means shrubs and other plants can be grown more easily under Carolina hemlock.
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planted originally as part of reforestation efforts during the park’s development in the 1930s and 40s.
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406:, it is similar in appearance to eastern hemlock, but the Carolina hemlock has a deep
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in 1924, threatens
Carolina hemlock, which is as susceptible as the related
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to the United States. As of 2023, it is under review for listing under the
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than for timber production, due to its overall rarity. In
521:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
753:
620:MacKay, Becky; Trimbath, Ryan (22 September 2022).
717:Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants
590:Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera
615:
613:
460:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34200A2850654.en
302:Virginia Kendall State Park Historic District
8:
1147:Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains
622:"Where Did the Carolina Hemlock Come From?"
741:
398:Carolina hemlock is used more often as an
238:
79:
57:
29:
20:
458:
689:Hoover, Sr., Gregory A. (October 2009).
583:
581:
549:Environmental Conservation Online System
427:
341:paler on the underside, with two white
1122:IUCN Red List near threatened species
669:
667:
519:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
382:. The trees may also be attacked by
7:
1011:3580a2be-9d05-4faf-bce7-2d24dc8f7342
644:
642:
572:Tsuga caroliniana (Carolina Hemlock)
446:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1137:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
721:University of North Carolina Press
551:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
276:Carolina hemlock is native to the
14:
1073:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:264006-1
417:Foliage, Rogów Arboretum, Poland
102:
266:Endangered Species Act of 1973
1:
1127:NatureServe imperiled species
569:Geographic Distribution Map:
306:Cuyahoga Valley National Park
1168:
482:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1142:Trees of Northern America
237:
220:
213:
99:Scientific classification
97:
77:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1152:Plants described in 1881
715:Bir, Richard E. (1992).
691:"Elongate Hemlock Scale"
673:Flora of North America:
486:explorer.natureserve.org
272:Distribution and habitat
594:Koeltz Scientific Books
418:
384:elongate hemlock scale
360:hemlock woolly adelgid
648:Gymnosperm Database:
626:National Park Service
416:
278:Appalachian Mountains
453:: e.T34200A2850654.
288:, extreme northeast
38:Habit, Arboretum in
695:PennState Extension
588:Farjon, A. (1990).
541:"Carolina hemlock (
435:Farjon, A. (2013).
206:T. caroliniana
49:Conservation status
657:2006-09-27 at the
419:
370:introduced to the
257:, is a species of
16:Species of conifer
1109:
1108:
1034:tsuga-caroliniana
1019:Open Tree of Life
799:tsuga-caroliniana
785:Tsuga caroliniana
755:Tsuga caroliniana
747:Taxon identifiers
676:Tsuga Caroliniana
651:Tsuga caroliniana
543:Tsuga caroliniana
513:Tsuga caroliniana
439:Tsuga caroliniana
250:Tsuga caroliniana
246:
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224:Tsuga caroliniana
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24:Carolina hemlock
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380:eastern hemlock
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64:Near Threatened
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294:South Carolina
286:North Carolina
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215:Binomial name
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698:. Retrieved
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394:Horticulture
387:
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292:, northwest
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142:Gymnospermae
135:
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18:
1047:kew-2516567
983:NatureServe
905:iNaturalist
779:Wikispecies
525:12 December
466:20 November
404:landscaping
345:bands. The
316:Description
89:NatureServe
1116:Categories
1042:Plant List
507:USDA, NRCS
422:References
325:coniferous
284:, western
148:Division:
85:Imperiled
871:233501321
322:evergreen
320:It is an
298:Tennessee
200:Species:
162:Pinopsida
152:Pinophyta
112:Kingdom:
42:, Poland
1086:24900237
1081:Tropicos
988:2.145577
936:11098696
923:264006-1
806:BioLib:
770:Q1044374
764:Wikidata
700:16 April
655:Archived
631:16 April
555:16 April
509:(n.d.).
491:12 April
343:stomatal
282:Virginia
182:Pinaceae
178:Family:
69:IUCN 3.1
970:MoBotPF
884:2687245
408:taproot
368:adelgid
354:Threats
304:of the
290:Georgia
262:endemic
259:hemlock
231:Engelm.
188:Genus:
172:Pinales
168:Order:
158:Class:
116:Plantae
87: (
67: (
1055:PLANTS
1024:628864
1008:NZOR:
1001:224733
975:285011
949:183399
910:135556
897:100556
858:tsucar
855:FEIS:
835:991432
809:220488
794:ARKive
727:
600:
366:), an
338:leaves
253:, the
1132:Tsuga
1060:TSCA2
1031:PPE:
962:34200
931:IRMNG
848:TSUCR
822:59HM7
374:from
347:cones
193:Tsuga
136:Clade
123:Clade
40:Rogów
1068:POWO
996:NCBI
957:IUCN
944:ITIS
918:IPNI
892:GRIN
879:GBIF
843:EPPO
725:ISBN
702:2023
633:2023
598:ISBN
557:2023
527:2015
493:2022
468:2021
451:2013
376:Asia
358:The
333:bark
328:tree
310:Ohio
1094:WFO
866:FNA
830:EoL
817:CoL
455:doi
390:).
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719:.
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666:^
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545:)"
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386:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
