358:, or "Pleasant memoirs", in 1915, in which she drew from her experiences studying at Columbia University to advocate for women's education and value. Much of Haraguchi's memoirs were allotted to explaining Japanese readership of Taishō Japan North American life and customs. In them she explained her perception of North American women compared to women in the Meiji period. She talked about the Meiji women and their campaigns for social and political rights.
335:'s writing into Japanese, and recorded the time taken to translate each page. She also measured the temperature under her tongue. Experiment 4 was the only experiment to have multiple subjects. Her 26 subjects carried out numerous tasks, consisting of: memorising nonsense monosyllables; adding columns of one-digit numbers; association work; and mental multiplication. Their pulse was measured after each test.
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327:. Her doctoral thesis, titled "Mental Fatigue", was completed under Thorndike's supervision. Her research on fatigue explored topics such as the influence of mental work on physiological processes and on the changes in mental efficiency. The dissertation was compiled of four studies, three of which she was the only subject.
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German words into their
English equivalents. She recorded how long it took her to correctly recall the translation. In Experiment 2, she repeated the procedure in Experiment 1, but also recorded her pulse, her state of feeling and health. This experiment lasted 78 days. In Experiment 3, Haraguchi translated sentences from
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In
Experiment 1, she mentally multiplied four-digit numbers for up to eleven hours straight for several days, only pausing to record how long each problem took to complete and to eat. Before and after the multiplication test, Haraguchi also made a test for transferred fatigue, in which she translated
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On her journey to
America, Haraguchi was accompanied by a foreign missionary woman for part of the journey. The two arrived in Vancouver, Canada after twelve days of traveling, and then parted ways, with Haraguchi heading towards New York. She arrived in New York in mid-summer and worked at a summer
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Haraguchi's results indicated a relationship between fatigue, efficiency and transferred fatigue. She found that mental fatigue could be transferred from task to task, and found a positive correlation between fatigue and transferred fatigue. She also found that efficiency increases after continuous
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in 1903 to study humanities in the
Faculty of English Literature. At the time, women were not allowed to earn graduate degrees or beyond at Japanese universities, and higher educational institutions for women were not yet officially recognized. Thus, when her mentor, the psychologist
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work, illustrating the effect of practice. After five years of research, Haraguchi earned her doctorate on 5 June 1912, becoming the first
Japanese woman to attain a PhD in any field. She was married that same day.
287:, Japan in 1886. Her father was a wealthy farmer and she had two sisters. She attended Takasaki Women's High School, graduating in 1902, two years earlier than her classmates of the same age.
390:(first published in 1869), was published posthumously in 1915. A record of her experiences at Columbia University and her observations of cultural differences between Japan and the U.S.,
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in 1914. She lectured at Japan Women's
University occasionally and was involved in the establishment of an experimental psychology laboratory at the university.
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Patessio, Mara (December 2013). "Women getting a 'university' education in Meiji Japan: discourses, realities, and individual lives".
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Haraguchi returned to Japan, where she expanded her doctoral thesis and translated it into
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in 1907 to complete a doctorate in psychology. She focused on experimental psychology and pedagogy, and was taught by
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camp for the remaining portion of the summer until her classes started at
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Psychologist
Tsuruko Haraguchi: Memories of Her Days at Columbia University in the Early 1900s
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Arai, T. (1912). Mental
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on September 26, 1915, at age 29. Her last work, a Japanese translation of
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Two documentaries have been produced about Haraguchi's life and work:
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professor, on 5 June 1912. They had a son and daughter.
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A Brief Guide to the History of Japanese Psychology
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549:Patessio, Mara (1 December 2013).
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349:Studies on Mental Work and Fatigue
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773:20th-century Japanese translators
489:"Tsuruko Haraguchi (1886 - 1915)"
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438:"Profile of Tsuruko Haraguchi"
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307:Studies at Columbia University
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738:20th-century women scientists
600:"Japanese Psychologists: G–H"
517:Mulhern, Chieko Irie (1991).
399:The Life of Tsuruko Haraguchi
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778:Tuberculosis deaths in Japan
758:English–Japanese translators
743:People from Gunma Prefecture
733:Japanese women psychologists
677:'s Academic Search Complete
653:10.1080/09555803.2013.788053
567:10.1080/09555803.2013.788053
523:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 214.
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260:Doctor of Philosophy
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343:Later life in Japan
321:Robert S. Woodworth
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110:Academic background
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159:Matatarō Matsumoto
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388:Hereditary Genius
368:Waseda University
356:Tanoshiki omohide
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610:8 November
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409:References
333:John Dewey
272:Tsuru Arai
225:Influenced
182:Psychology
178:Discipline
116:Alma mater
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68:1886-06-18
53:Tsuru Arai
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229:Tomi Wada
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405:(2008).
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199:Pedagogy
444:(ed.).
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323:and
278:新井つる
250:原口鶴子
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
