292:, and admiralty claims. The court thus today has nationwide jurisdiction over most suits for monetary claims against the government and sits, without a jury, to determine issues of law and fact. The general jurisdiction of the court, described in 28 U.S.C. § 1491, is over claims for just compensation for the taking of private property, refund of federal taxes, military and civilian pay and allowances, and damages for breaches of contracts with the government. The court also possesses jurisdiction over claims for patent and copyright infringement against the United States, as well as over certain suits by Indian tribes.
47:
455:. The general rule is that a contractor may either 1) file suit within 90 days with the agency Board of Contract Appeals or 2) file suit within one year with the court. A contractor, however, must choose which forum in which to file; a contractor cannot file suit with both the agency Board and with the court. (However, in a case where a contractor has filed with the Board, and the Government challenges the timeliness of the filing – the 90-day limit is statutory and cannot be extended – the contractor can file with the court within the one-year period to protect its claims.)
334:
commissioners was changed to trial judge and by 1977, the Court of Claims had 16 trial judges who conducted trials of cases in the first instance. Judgments, which are required to be paid out of appropriations by
Congress, were originally paid by individual appropriations passed separately or as part of other appropriations bills. In 1955, Congress provided for a standing appropriation for judgments of $ 100,000 or less. Finally, in 1977, Congress created a permanent, indefinite appropriation for all judgments awarded by the court.
244:
350:, the trial division of the Court of Claims became the United States Claims Court (and in 1992, the name was changed to the United States Court of Federal Claims). Appeals from the Court of Federal Claims are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and a judgment there is conclusive unless reviewed by the Supreme Court on writ of certiorari. Decisions of the Court of Claims are binding precedent on both its appellate and trial court successors.
303:
chamber in the basement of the
Capitol, it then acquired its own rooms there. In 1879, the court obtained space on the ground floor of the Freedman's Bank Building, which stood at the place now occupied by the Treasury Annex, adjacent to the southeast corner of Lafayette Park. Two decades later, in 1899, the court moved to the building formerly occupied by William Corcoran's art collection across Lafayette Park at the intersection of 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
321:. Appeal to the Supreme Court was by right if the amount in dispute was over $ 3,000. The growth in government caused by and coinciding with World War I made the system unworkable, as the number of filed cases increased considerably. In 1925, legislation enacted by Congress at the request of the court created a separate trial division of seven commissioners and elevated the five judges to an appellate role. Initially, the trial commissioners would function as
5924:
277:. Throughout its 160-year history, although it has undergone notable changes in name, size, scope of jurisdiction, and procedures, its purpose has remained the same: in this court, the federal government stands as the defendant and may be sued by citizens seeking monetary redress. For this reason, the court has been referred to as the "keeper of the nation's conscience" and "the People's Court".
528:
The court also may hear congressional reference cases, which are cases referred to the court by either house of
Congress. The judge serving as hearing officer renders a report as to the case's merits, which is reviewed by a panel of judges formed for that purpose. The report is forwarded back to the
298:
A unique aspect of the court's jurisdiction throughout its history has been the authority to act on congressional references of legislative proposals for compensation of individual claims. As eventually codified in 28 U.S.C. § 1492, either House of
Congress may refer a bill to the Chief Judge of the
302:
Befitting its unique role, the court has been located throughout its history in
Washington, D.C., in the vicinity of the White House or in the U.S. Capitol Building. It first met in May 1855 at Willard's Hotel. In July of that year, it moved into the Capitol. After briefly using the Supreme Court's
353:
The court, as now constituted, consists of 16 judges, appointed by the president and subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate for terms of 15 years. In addition, judges who have completed their statutory terms of office are authorized to continue to take cases as senior judges of the court. This
310:
The court's original composition of three judges was expanded to five in 1863. They would consider evidence proffered by claimants and weigh testimony taken by permanent or special commissioners employed by the court, who were dispersed across the United States. One of the first commissioners was
306:
It remained there for 65 years. This building was designed by, and is presently named for, the architect James
Renwick, who also designed the Smithsonian Institution's Castle on the National Mall and St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. When the facilities there were deemed inadequate by the
493:
against the government, federal tax refund claims, and protests regarding contract bidding procedures. According to the Court, tax refund suits make up a quarter of the claims brought before it, although the court exercises concurrent jurisdiction with United States district courts in this area.
280:
As originally in 1855, the court lacked the essential judicial power to render final judgments. This oversight was resolved by legislation passed in 1866, in response to
President Abraham Lincoln's insistence in his Annual Message to Congress in 1861 that "It is as much the duty of Government to
458:
Unlike district courts, which generally only have jurisdiction over disputes in their geographic district, the CFC has jurisdiction over disputes wherever they occur in the country. To accommodate litigants, judges on the court may hold trials at local courthouses near where the disputes arise.
333:
In 1948, the commissioners were authorized to make recommendations for conclusions of law. The number of commissioners was increased in 1953 to 15. In 1966, Congress provided that there would be seven appellate judges to be appointed by the
President with life tenure. In 1973, the title of the
384:
Though a provision of the
Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1996 gave the Court of Federal Claims and U.S. district courts concurrent jurisdiction over post-award protests, subsequent legislation provided that, as of January 2001, the United States Court of Federal Claims would be the
380:
to receive and hear certain vaccine injury cases, and the jurisdiction to review those cases. This vaccine injury jurisdiction has been enlarged in recent years to encompass claims stemming from a number of additional vaccines, including, for example, varicella, hepatitis B, and influenza.
299:
court for an investigation and a report to
Congress. A judge of the court is assigned to act as the hearing officer and preside over the judicial proceedings. Then a three-judge review panel submits a report to Congress for its consideration and disposition of such claims for compensation.
5699:(2006), p. 246: "Even today, the traditional money claim under the Tucker Act remains the grist for the Court of Federal Claims mill. The Court of Federal Claims does not have general authority to grant equitable remedies, such as injunctions or specific performance in contract".
364:
Nevertheless, despite the nature of the claim, the notability of the claimant, or the amount in dispute, the Court of Federal Claims acts as a clearing house when the government must settle with those it has legally wronged. As observed by former Chief Judge
369:, the court is the institutional scale that weighs the government's actions against the standard measure of the law and helps make concrete the spirit of the First Amendment's guarantee of the right "to petition the Government for redress of grievances".
516:. Certain procedural differences accrue due to the different jurisdiction, e.g., under the FTCA, the statute of limitations runs two years from the date of the tortious occurrence, or six months from the final denial of administrative relief. See:
329:
and conduct formal proceedings either at the court's home in Washington, D.C., or elsewhere in the United States in a court facility amenable to the parties. The trial procedures evolved to resemble a non-jury civil trial in district court.
3531:
560:. The judges are removable by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit for "incompetency, misconduct, neglect of duty, engaging in the practice of law, or physical or mental disability."
5893:
3435:
451:
The court has concurrent jurisdiction involving contracts with the federal government, where a contractor has the option of choosing between filing suit with the court or with the agency
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of 1982 created the modern court. While the appellate division of the Court of Claims was combined with the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals to comprise the new
6460:
3521:
Second appointment was a recess appointment; formally nominated on January 29, 1998, confirmed by the Senate on February 3, 1998, and received commission on February 4, 1998.
307:
mid-1950s, the court asked Congress for a new location. Eventually, the site at 717 Madison Place, NW, was chosen and the court moved to its present home on August 1, 1967.
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In recent years, the court's docket has been increasingly characterized by complex, high-dollar demands, and high-profile cases in such areas as, for example, the
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to provide for the determination of private claims against the United States government. The legislation was signed into law on February 24, 1855, by President
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28 USC § 2505: "Any judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims may sit at any place within the United States to take evidence and enter judgment".
5983:
6043:
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220:
57:
5601:. Washington, D.C.: Committee on the Bicentennial of Independence and the Constitution of the Judicial Conference of the United States. p. 92.
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Additionally, the court has jurisdiction to hear both pre-award and post-award bid protest suits by unsuccessful bidders on government contracts.
205:
466:, without juries. Because the court only hears cases against the Government, the United States is always the defendant in cases before the CFC.
5943:
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92:
6089:
373:
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Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4853:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4751:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4699:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4610:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4508:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4393:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4293:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4191:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4102:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
4000:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
3946:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
3831:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
3790:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
3675:
Reassigned as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, from Trial Judge of the United States Court of Claims by 96
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of the 1980s, the World War II internment of Japanese-Americans, and the federal repository of civilian spent nuclear fuel.
281:
render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same, between private individuals."
46:
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513:
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of Indiana, who would later become president. If oral argument was requested, the five judges would hear the case
288:, which significantly expanded the court's jurisdiction to include all claims against the government except tort,
6171:
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5815:
The Jurisdiction of the Court of Federal Claims and Forum Shopping in Money Claims Against the Federal Government
452:
6207:
6126:
5867:
5517:
5454:
3257:
417:
5804:
by United States Court of Federal Claims Bar Association. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: The Bar Association, 1998.
6181:
5988:
5502:
505:
429:
358:
243:
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5832:
Papers of Franklin M. Stone, former judge, U.S. Court of Claims, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
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5599:
The United States Court of Claims: A History; Part II: Origin, Development, Jurisdiction, 1855–1978
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5019:
4865:
3907:
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2326:
1816:
1724:
981:
771:
388:
In 2006, the court rendered judgments in more than 900 cases and awarded $ 1.8 billion in damages.
6309:
5913:
5798:
by David B. Stinson. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 2003.
5224:
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4903:
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2723:
2473:
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557:
470:
133:
5429:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
5314:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
5212:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
5082:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4980:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4891:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4789:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4635:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4546:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4444:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4331:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4229:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4127:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
4038:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
3882:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
3713:
Redesignated January 1, 1993, as Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims by 106
5831:
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1939:
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1016:
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312:
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2187:
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2005:
1964:
1923:
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1841:
1729:
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1401:
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1196:
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623:
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252:
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161:
62:
17:
6385:
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6340:
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5158:
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4622:
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4216:
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3843:
3765:
3738:
3634:
3614:
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3574:
3156:
3062:
2974:
2914:
2414:
1980:
1898:
1536:
1466:
1431:
1191:
806:
413:
326:
274:
212:, and took its current name in 1992. The court is the successor to trial division of the
6355:
6345:
6289:
5814:
5352:
4992:
4967:
4483:
4139:
4114:
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3564:
3398:
2770:
2684:
2021:
1857:
1296:
1226:
911:
377:
366:
354:
ongoing tenure serves as a mechanism to ensure judicial impartiality and independence.
322:
189:
5681:
5611:(§105, §165 & §167, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, P.L. 97-164, 96
5391:
Established as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, by 96
5289:
Established as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, by 96
5187:
Established as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, by 96
5146:
Established as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, by 96
5044:
Established as Judge of the United States Claims Court on October 1, 1982, by 96
6434:
6264:
6259:
5056:
4930:
4763:
4585:
4520:
3554:
3512:
Served as Christine Cook Nettesheim from December 10, 1982, until September 10, 1994.
3500:
2922:
2367:
2285:
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1795:
736:
701:
605:
248:
224:
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6390:
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1571:
1121:
1086:
289:
5735:
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441:
405:
269:
The court traces its origins directly back to 1855, when Congress established the
114:
110:
5765:
5750:
549:). Instead, they serve for 15-year terms and are eligible for reappointment. The
6048:
542:
463:
228:
5507:
421:
285:
5802:
The United States Court of Federal Claims : a deskbook for practitioners
3491:
Judge White was reappointed from senior service to active service in 1982 by
5836:
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2528:
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2029:
1824:
469:
The court receives a variety of claims against the government, including
5796:
The United States Court of Federal Claims handbook and procedures manual
5652:. United States Court of Federal Claims Bar Association. Archived from
474:
317:
5616:
5497:
5396:
5294:
5192:
5171:
Seat abolished November 19, 1982, upon incumbent taking senior status
5151:
5049:
4960:
4858:
4756:
4724:
Seat abolished December 14, 1982, upon incumbent taking senior status
4704:
4615:
4513:
4398:
4298:
4196:
4107:
4005:
3951:
3836:
3795:
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2731:
2170:
235:, but, for convenience, cases may be heard elsewhere in the country.
3971:
Seat abolished January 3, 1983, upon incumbent taking senior status
3815:
Seat abolished October 8, 1982, upon incumbent taking senior status
512:, 28 USC § 1346(b)(1), nor judicial review of the decisions of the
2422:
1988:
504:
This court does not have jurisdiction in claims arising under the
424:. The court is established pursuant to Congress's authority under
242:
5536:
553:
appoints the judges of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims with the
436:, when the claim is for less than $ 10,000, by the provisions of
219:
The courthouse of the Court of Federal Claims is situated in the
169:
5826:
1947:
1906:
385:
exclusive judicial forum for post-award bid protest litigation.
6196:
5840:
5133:
4738:
4380:
3987:
3662:
376:
of 1986 gave the court the authority to create an Office of
27:
Court that hears monetary claims against the U.S. government
5647:"United States Court of Federal Claims: The People's Court"
408:: it hears claims for monetary damages that arise from the
420:
with the United States Government, most notably under the
3503:
on November 19, 1982, prior to being formally nominated.
497:
Orders and judgments from the court are appealed to the
5513:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
499:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
348:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
5827:
Website of the United States Court of Federal Claims
5385:
5283:
5181:
5140:
5038:
4949:
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4693:
4604:
4502:
4387:
4287:
4185:
4096:
3994:
3940:
3825:
3784:
3669:
3548:
541:, judges on the Court of Federal Claims do not have
448:
of six years from the time the claim first accrues.
6333:
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155:
147:
139:
120:
98:
88:
80:
70:
53:
34:
501:, which resides in the same building as the CFC.
6456:Federal sovereign immunity in the United States
539:Article Three of the United States Constitution
208:. It was established by statute in 1982 as the
6208:
5852:
426:Article One of the United States Constitution
8:
84:1982 (predecessor court established in 1855)
6461:Government procurement in the United States
508:, which are heard in the appropriate venue
6237:
6215:
6201:
6193:
5939:
5859:
5845:
5837:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
1771:
570:
537:Unlike judges of courts established under
416:, executive regulations, or an express or
31:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
247:United States Court of Federal Claims on
221:Howard T. Markey National Courts Building
58:Howard T. Markey National Courts Building
6471:Courts and tribunals established in 1855
6466:1855 establishments in the United States
5382:
5280:
5178:
5137:
5035:
4946:
4844:
4742:
4690:
4601:
4499:
4384:
4284:
4182:
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3991:
3937:
3822:
3781:
3666:
3545:
5529:
3444:
204:that hears monetary claims against the
5697:Litigation with the Federal Government
6451:Aboriginal title in the United States
6441:United States Court of Federal Claims
6233:United States Court of Federal Claims
6225:United States Court of Federal Claims
5546:
5544:
5537:United States Court of Federal Claims
3530:Recess appointment; the Senate later
374:National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
186:United States Court of Federal Claims
35:United States Court of Federal Claims
7:
547:Article I and Article III tribunals
529:chamber of Congress requesting it.
25:
473:claims, illegal exaction claims,
216:, which was established in 1855.
5922:
564:Current composition of the court
338:Current institution (since 1982)
45:
568:As of August 8, 2024:
344:Federal Courts Improvement Act
103:Federal Courts Improvement Act
1:
5909:Bill (United States Congress)
284:In 1887, Congress passed the
271:United States Court of Claims
265:United States Court of Claims
214:United States Court of Claims
510:United States district court
462:All trials at the court are
18:U.S. Court of Federal Claims
2618:Christine Odell Cook Miller
259:Court of Claims (1855–1982)
202:United States federal court
6487:
3352:Patricia E. Campbell-Smith
3211:Mary Ellen Coster Williams
514:Board of Veterans' Appeals
410:United States Constitution
262:
210:United States Claims Court
6034:Law School Admission Test
5920:
5428:
5390:
5313:
5288:
5211:
5186:
5170:
5145:
5081:
5043:
4979:
4954:
4890:
4852:
4788:
4750:
4723:
4698:
4634:
4609:
4545:
4507:
4443:
4392:
4330:
4292:
4228:
4190:
4126:
4101:
4037:
3999:
3970:
3945:
3881:
3830:
3814:
3789:
3712:
3674:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
453:Board of Contract Appeals
167:
44:
39:
5868:Law of the United States
5630:"Court History Brochure"
5518:New York Court of Claims
524:Congressional references
418:implied in fact contract
5593:; Philip Nichols, Jr.;
5503:Federal Tort Claims Act
506:Federal Tort Claims Act
430:concurrent jurisdiction
359:savings and loan crisis
518:Exhaustion of remedies
491:copyright infringement
446:statute of limitations
255:
5659:on September 16, 2008
3499:; however he assumed
246:
6044:Admission to the bar
5894:Separation of powers
5695:, Michael F. Noone,
3478:Reassigned from the
2868:Diane Gilbert Sypolt
2568:Haldane Robert Mayer
2521:Lawrence S. Margolis
1502:Robert H. Hodges Jr.
1262:Moody R. Tidwell III
1157:Robin M. Meriweather
434:U.S. district courts
398:special jurisdiction
6446:Article I tribunals
5984:International Trade
3658:Succession of seats
2327:Judith Ann Yannello
1817:Joseph V. Colaianni
1725:Margaret M. Sweeney
982:Stephen S. Schwartz
772:Matthew H. Solomson
481:, claims involving
6080:Child sexual abuse
6070:Administrative law
5914:United States Code
5876:Constitutional law
3497:recess appointment
3022:Nancy B. Firestone
2724:Wilkes C. Robinson
2474:Reginald W. Gibson
1052:Armando O. Bonilla
558:advice and consent
471:breach of contract
256:
134:advice and consent
121:Composition method
93:Article I tribunal
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6190:
6189:
6015:
6014:
5970:
5595:Marion T. Bennett
5488:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5379:
5378:
5277:
5276:
5175:
5174:
5130:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5032:
5031:
4943:
4942:
4841:
4840:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4687:
4686:
4598:
4597:
4496:
4495:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4281:
4280:
4179:
4178:
4090:
4089:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3934:
3933:
3819:
3818:
3778:
3777:
3655:
3654:
3441:
3440:
3305:Thomas C. Wheeler
3110:Lawrence J. Block
2818:Randall Ray Rader
2677:John Light Napier
2163:Robert M. M. Seto
1940:Roald A. Hogenson
1765:
1764:
1655:Charles F. Lettow
1332:Marian Blank Horn
1017:Carolyn N. Lerner
947:Thompson M. Dietz
477:claims under the
400:, spelled out in
313:Benjamin Harrison
182:
181:
148:Judge term length
16:(Redirected from
6478:
6238:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6194:
6090:Conflict of laws
5964:
5940:
5926:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5838:
5783:
5774:
5768:
5759:
5753:
5744:
5738:
5721:
5715:
5706:
5700:
5690:
5684:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5626:
5620:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5587:
5581:
5572:
5566:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5539:
5534:
5383:
5281:
5179:
5138:
5134:
5036:
4947:
4845:
4743:
4739:
4691:
4602:
4500:
4385:
4381:
4285:
4183:
4094:
3992:
3988:
3938:
3823:
3782:
3667:
3663:
3546:
3535:
3534:the appointment.
3528:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3489:
3483:
3476:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3258:George W. Miller
3243:
3242:
3241:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2443:Operation of law
2419:
2418:
2417:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2352:Operation of law
2331:
2330:
2329:
2311:Operation of law
2290:
2289:
2288:
2270:Operation of law
2249:
2248:
2247:
2229:Operation of law
2208:
2207:
2206:
2188:Operation of law
2167:
2166:
2165:
2147:Operation of law
2126:
2125:
2124:
2106:Operation of law
2085:
2084:
2083:
2081:Philip R. Miller
2062:
2061:
2060:
2050:Operation of law
2026:
2025:
2024:
2006:Operation of law
1985:
1984:
1983:
1965:Operation of law
1944:
1943:
1942:
1924:Operation of law
1903:
1902:
1901:
1883:Operation of law
1862:
1861:
1860:
1842:Operation of law
1821:
1820:
1819:
1772:
1730:Washington, D.C.
1695:Washington, D.C.
1690:Victor J. Wolski
1660:Washington, D.C.
1612:Washington, D.C.
1607:Edward J. Damich
1402:Washington, D.C.
1397:Eric G. Bruggink
1337:Washington, D.C.
1302:Washington, D.C.
1197:Washington, D.C.
1162:Washington, D.C.
1127:Washington, D.C.
1092:Washington, D.C.
1057:Washington, D.C.
1022:Washington, D.C.
987:Washington, D.C.
952:Washington, D.C.
917:Washington, D.C.
882:Washington, D.C.
877:Kathryn C. Davis
847:Washington, D.C.
842:Edward H. Meyers
812:Washington, D.C.
777:Washington, D.C.
742:Washington, D.C.
707:Washington, D.C.
672:Washington, D.C.
667:Richard Hertling
624:Washington, D.C.
619:Elaine D. Kaplan
589:Term of service
571:
444:. Claims have a
428:. The court has
414:federal statutes
253:Washington, D.C.
233:Washington, D.C.
227:across from the
178:
175:
173:
171:
162:Elaine D. Kaplan
157:Chief Judge
63:Washington, D.C.
49:
32:
21:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6420:
6329:
6227:
6221:
6191:
6186:
6085:Civil procedure
6053:
6011:
5993:
5934:
5927:
5918:
5904:Act of Congress
5878:
5870:
5865:
5823:
5811:
5809:Further reading
5792:
5787:
5786:
5775:
5771:
5760:
5756:
5745:
5741:
5722:
5718:
5707:
5703:
5691:
5687:
5682:§ 300aa-12
5676:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5610:
5606:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5573:
5569:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5498:Rules and Forms
5494:
5489:
5131:
5103:
4736:
4378:
3985:
3660:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3490:
3486:
3480:Court of Claims
3477:
3446:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3196:
3157:Susan G. Braden
3155:
3154:
3153:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3063:Sarah L. Wilson
3061:
3060:
3059:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2975:Francis Allegra
2973:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2915:Emily C. Hewitt
2913:
2912:
2911:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2659:(reappointment)
2647:
2646:
2645:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2456:(reappointment)
2449:
2448:
2447:
2415:Mastin G. White
2413:
2412:
2411:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2063:(reappointment)
2056:
2055:
2054:
2020:
2019:
2018:
1981:Thomas J. Lydon
1979:
1978:
1977:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1899:Kenneth Harkins
1897:
1896:
1895:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1787:Active service
1770:
1761:
1643:
1537:Lawrence Baskir
1467:James T. Turner
1432:Bohdan A. Futey
1385:
1382:(reappointment)
1368:
1353:
1192:John Paul Wiese
807:Eleni M. Roumel
655:
566:
535:
526:
394:
378:Special Masters
340:
323:special masters
275:Franklin Pierce
267:
261:
241:
206:U.S. government
168:
128:
105:
99:Created by
75:Federal Circuit
71:Appeals to
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6433:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6244:
6242:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6223:Judges of the
6222:
6220:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6197:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6095:Constitutional
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5944:Federal courts
5937:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5822:
5821:External links
5819:
5818:
5817:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5777:28 U.S.C.
5769:
5762:28 U.S.C.
5754:
5747:28 U.S.C.
5739:
5732:28 U.S.C.
5724:28 U.S.C.
5716:
5709:28 U.S.C.
5701:
5685:
5678:42 U.S.C.
5670:
5638:
5621:
5604:
5582:
5575:28 U.S.C.
5567:
5560:28 U.S.C.
5552:
5540:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5251:Campbell-Smith
5247:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5143:
5142:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5041:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4952:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4862:
4861:
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4849:
4842:
4839:
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4779:
4773:
4772:
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4759:
4748:
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4733:
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4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4696:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:Campbell-Smith
3601:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3484:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3399:Lydia Griggsby
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3098:not confirmed
3096:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2771:Roger Andewelt
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2122:David Schwartz
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2022:James F. Merow
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:Lloyd Fletcher
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1297:Loren A. Smith
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1227:Robert J. Yock
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
984:
979:
976:
972:
971:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
949:
944:
941:
937:
936:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
914:
912:Zachary Somers
909:
906:
902:
901:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
879:
874:
871:
867:
866:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
844:
839:
836:
832:
831:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
809:
804:
801:
797:
796:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
774:
769:
766:
762:
761:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
739:
734:
731:
727:
726:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
704:
699:
696:
692:
691:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
669:
664:
661:
657:
656:
654:
653:
647:
640:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
621:
616:
613:
609:
608:
603:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
565:
562:
534:
531:
525:
522:
438:28 U.S.C.
402:28 U.S.C.
396:The court has
393:
390:
367:Loren A. Smith
339:
336:
263:Main article:
260:
257:
240:
237:
190:case citations
180:
179:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
122:
118:
117:
107:28 U.S.C.
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
60:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6483:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6218:
6213:
6211:
6206:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:Child custody
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6008:
6007:State supreme
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:United States
5933:Courts of the
5930:
5925:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5862:
5857:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5781:§ 176(a)
5778:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5671:
5655:
5648:
5642:
5639:
5631:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5591:Cowen, Wilson
5586:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5533:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5484:
5477:2019–present
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5381:
5375:2023–present
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5273:2024–present
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5126:
5119:2020–present
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5034:
5028:2020–present
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4939:2019–present
4938:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4843:
4837:2020–present
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4689:
4683:2020–present
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4594:2019–present
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4498:
4492:2020–present
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4373:
4366:2013–present
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4283:
4277:2020–present
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4175:2022–present
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4086:2023–present
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3980:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3930:2022–present
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3774:2020–present
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3651:2021–present
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3501:senior status
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3434:elevation to
3433:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:1968–present
3410:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3364:1966–present
3363:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:1948–present
3316:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:1953–present
3222:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3193:(Chief Judge)
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:1948–present
3168:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:1951–present
3121:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3075:1959–present
3074:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2957:(Chief Judge)
2956:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2927:1944–present
2926:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:1947–present
2879:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:elevation to
2852:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:1949–present
2829:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:1947–present
2688:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:1944–present
2629:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:elevation to
2602:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2580:1941–present
2579:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:1950–present
2379:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2368:Alex Kozinski
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2339:1943–present
2338:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2286:Harry E. Wood
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2204:Louis Spector
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2175:1936–present
2174:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1800:Appointed by
1799:
1797:
1796:Senior status
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1768:Former judges
1767:
1758:(Chief Judge)
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:2020–present
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:Senior Judge
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:2018–present
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:Senior Judge
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:2018–present
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:Senior Judge
1650:
1647:
1646:
1640:(Chief Judge)
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:2013–present
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:Senior Judge
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:2013–present
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:Senior Judge
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1555:2013–present
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:Senior Judge
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:2005–present
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:Senior Judge
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1485:2002–present
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:Senior Judge
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:2002–present
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:Senior Judge
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1415:2001–present
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:Senior Judge
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:Senior Judge
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:2000–present
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:Senior Judge
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:1998–present
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:Senior Judge
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:1998–present
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:Senior Judge
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:2001–present
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:Senior Judge
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:2024–present
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:2023–present
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:2023–present
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:2022–present
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:2022–present
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:2020–present
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
959:2020–present
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:2020–present
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
889:2020–present
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
854:2020–present
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
819:2020–present
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
784:2020–present
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
749:2019–present
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:David A. Tapp
735:
732:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
714:2019–present
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:Ryan T. Holte
700:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
679:2019–present
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
652:(Chief Judge)
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
639:
636:
634:2021–present
633:
631:2013–present
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
596:
595:
592:Appointed by
583:Duty station
572:
569:
563:
561:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
495:
492:
488:
485:, claims for
484:
480:
479:5th Amendment
476:
472:
467:
465:
460:
456:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
386:
382:
379:
375:
370:
368:
362:
360:
355:
351:
349:
345:
337:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
291:
287:
282:
278:
276:
272:
266:
258:
254:
250:
249:Madison Place
245:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Madison Place
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
177:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
132:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6247:
6232:
6224:
6137:Human rights
6058:Types of law
5999:State courts
5978:
5899:Civil rights
5801:
5795:
5790:Bibliography
5772:
5757:
5742:
5719:
5704:
5696:
5693:Gregory Sisk
5688:
5673:
5661:. Retrieved
5654:the original
5641:
5624:
5607:
5598:
5585:
5570:
5555:
5532:
5482:
5467:
5365:
5263:
5124:
5109:
5018:
4929:
4827:
4729:
4673:
4584:
4482:
4371:
4356:
4267:
4165:
4076:
3978:
3920:
3764:
3644:
3549:Chief Judge
3542:Chief judges
3526:
3517:
3508:
3487:
2712:resignation
2403:resignation
2356:resignation
2245:George Willi
2192:resignation
1846:resignation
1805:termination
1576:
1572:Lynn J. Bush
1541:
1506:
1471:
1436:
1365:2018–present
1266:
1231:
1122:Philip Hadji
1087:Molly Silfen
615:Chief Judge
567:
536:
527:
503:
496:
483:military pay
468:
464:bench trials
461:
457:
450:
395:
392:Jurisdiction
387:
383:
371:
363:
356:
352:
341:
332:
316:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
283:
279:
268:
218:
209:
197:
193:
185:
183:
125:Presidential
111:§§ 1491
29:
6325:Meriweather
6049:Reading law
5881:legislation
5736:§ 2509
5728:§ 1492
5713:§ 2501
5579:§ 1492
5564:§ 1491
5265:Meriweather
5111:S. Schwartz
4559:Tidwell III
4534:Tidwell III
4306:D. Schwartz
3895:Hodges, Jr.
3870:Hodges, Jr.
3387:retirement
3340:retirement
3293:retirement
3246:retirement
3199:retirement
3145:retirement
2963:retirement
2903:retirement
2896:G.H.W. Bush
2665:retirement
2315:retirement
2274:retirement
2233:retirement
1791:Chief Judge
1524:G.H.W. Bush
543:life tenure
442:§ 1346
406:§ 1491
229:White House
81:Established
6435:Categories
6381:Hodges Jr.
6029:Law school
5974:Bankruptcy
5889:Federalism
5766:§ 171
5751:§ 172
5524:References
5508:Tucker Act
5462:2003–2013
5449:1993–2002
5424:1987–1993
5411:1982–1987
5360:2014–2021
5347:1998–2013
5334:1993–1997
5309:1982–1993
5258:2013–2023
5245:1998–2013
5232:1993–1995
5207:1982–1993
5104:2003–2018
5077:1986–1993
5064:1982–1985
5013:1998–2013
5000:1993–1998
4975:1982–1993
4924:1998–2013
4911:1993–1997
4886:1987–1993
4873:1982–1987
4822:2002–2016
4809:1993–2001
4784:1986–1993
4771:1982–1986
4668:2003–2018
4655:1993–2001
4630:1982–1993
4579:1998–2013
4566:1993–1998
4541:1983–1993
4528:1982–1983
4477:2005–2020
4464:1993–2005
4439:1990–1993
4426:1988–1990
4413:1982–1987
4351:1993–2013
4326:1982–1993
4262:2003–2018
4249:1993–2002
4224:1987–1993
4211:1982–1986
4160:1998–2013
4147:1993–1998
4122:1982–1993
4071:2003–2018
4058:1993–2001
4033:1987–1993
4020:1982–1987
3966:1982–1983
3915:2005–2020
3902:1993–2005
3877:1990–1993
3864:1986–1989
3851:1982–1986
3759:2003–2018
3746:2001–2002
3733:1993–2000
3708:1985–1993
3695:1982–1984
3639:2020–2021
3629:2018–2020
3619:2017–2018
3609:2013–2017
3599:2009–2013
3589:2002–2009
3579:2000–2002
3569:1986–2000
3559:1982–1985
3414:2014–2021
3370:2013–2017
3367:2013–2023
3320:2005–2020
3273:2003–2013
3270:1941–2016
3232:2018–2023
3226:2003–2018
3178:2018–2019
3175:2017–2018
3172:2003–2018
3125:2002–2016
3078:2001–2002
3043:2013–2022
3037:1998–2013
3034:1951–2022
2996:2013–2015
2990:1998–2013
2987:1957–2015
2933:2009–2013
2930:1998–2013
2883:1990–2005
2833:1988–1990
2786:1987–2001
2783:1946–2001
2745:1997–2015
2739:1987–1997
2736:1925–2015
2692:1986–1989
2633:1982–2013
2583:1982–1987
2542:1997–2017
2536:1982–1997
2533:1935–2017
2495:1995–2018
2489:1982–1995
2486:1927–2018
2436:1982–1987
2427:1901–1987
2386:1982–1985
2383:1982–1985
2342:1982–1987
2301:1982–1986
2298:1926–2009
2266:1982–1985
2257:1924–2016
2225:1983–1985
2219:1982–1983
2216:1918–2003
2178:1982–1987
2143:1982–1989
2134:1916–1989
2102:1986–1989
2096:1982–1986
2093:1918–1989
2043:1998–2016
2037:1982–1998
2034:1932–2016
2002:1987–2012
1996:1982–1987
1993:1927–2012
1961:1983–1987
1955:1982–1983
1952:1913–1987
1920:1986–2009
1914:1982–1986
1911:1921–2009
1879:1982–1991
1870:1915–1991
1832:1982–1984
1829:1933–2018
1803:Reason for
1784:Born–died
1740:2018–2020
1737:2005–2020
1702:2003–2018
1667:2003–2018
1622:2002–2009
1619:1998–2013
1584:1998–2013
1552:2000–2002
1549:1998–2013
1514:1990–2005
1479:1987–2002
1444:1987–2002
1409:1986–2001
1312:1986–2000
1309:1985–2000
1274:1983–1998
1239:1983–1998
1204:1982–2001
822:2020–2021
422:Tucker Act
286:Tucker Act
127:nomination
40:(Fed. Cl.)
6120:Procedure
6110:Corporate
6021:Education
5455:G. Miller
5102:1993–2001
4572:Firestone
4344:C. Miller
4319:C. Miller
4204:P. Miller
3688:Colaianni
3333:G.W. Bush
3286:G.W. Bush
3239:G.W. Bush
3185:G.W. Bush
3138:G.W. Bush
2855:Fed. Cir.
2605:Fed. Cir.
1750:G.W. Bush
1712:G.W. Bush
1677:G.W. Bush
1638:G.W. Bush
1380:G.W. Bush
1362:2001–2003
1350:2003–2018
1347:1986–2001
551:President
174:.uscourts
89:Authority
6406:Williams
6366:Bruggink
6300:Schwartz
6270:Solomson
6255:Hertling
6142:Juvenile
6115:Criminal
6105:Property
6100:Contract
6065:Abortion
5962:District
5663:June 12,
5597:(1978).
5492:See also
5469:Hertling
5386:Seat 20
5353:Griggsby
5327:Margolis
5302:Margolis
5284:Seat 19
5182:Seat 18
5141:Seat 17
5057:Kozinski
5039:Seat 16
5020:Solomson
4950:Seat 15
4904:Robinson
4879:Robinson
4866:Yannello
4848:Seat 14
4802:Bruggink
4777:Bruggink
4746:Seat 13
4694:Seat 12
4605:Seat 11
4503:Seat 10
4051:Andewelt
4026:Andewelt
3959:Hogenson
3803:Fletcher
3752:Williams
3555:Kozinski
3532:rejected
1577:inactive
1542:inactive
1507:inactive
1472:inactive
1437:inactive
1267:inactive
1232:inactive
555:Senate's
327:chancery
194:Fed. Cl.
151:15 years
54:Location
6416:Sweeney
6351:Tidwell
6310:Bonilla
6152:Privacy
6147:Martial
5957:Appeals
5952:Supreme
5340:Allegra
4521:Spector
4470:Wheeler
4388:Seat 9
4288:Seat 8
4186:Seat 7
4167:Bonilla
4097:Seat 6
3995:Seat 5
3941:Seat 4
3908:Sweeney
3844:Harkins
3826:Seat 3
3785:Seat 2
3670:Seat 1
3625:Sweeney
3187:(Judge)
3091:Clinton
3047:Clinton
3003:Clinton
2951:(Judge)
2946:Clinton
2657:Clinton
1752:(Judge)
1634:(Judge)
1632:Clinton
1594:Clinton
1559:Clinton
646:(Judge)
597:Active
475:takings
318:en banc
239:History
200:) is a
6411:Wolski
6401:Lettow
6396:Damich
6386:Baskir
6376:Turner
6334:Senior
6315:Silfen
6305:Lerner
6290:Somers
6280:Meyers
6275:Roumel
6249:Kaplan
6241:Active
6167:Sports
6127:Energy
6039:US bar
5979:Claims
5779:
5764:
5749:
5734:
5726:
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5680:
5619:, 50).
5615:
5577:
5562:
5483:
5442:Turner
5433:
5417:Turner
5395:
5318:
5293:
5238:Baskir
5225:Gibson
5216:
5200:Gibson
5191:
5150:
5125:
5086:
5048:
5006:Hewitt
4984:
4959:
4895:
4857:
4829:Meyers
4793:
4755:
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4703:
4661:Lettow
4639:
4614:
4550:
4512:
4484:Somers
4457:Sypolt
4448:
4432:Sypolt
4397:
4372:
4358:Kaplan
4335:
4297:
4255:Wolski
4233:
4195:
4153:Damich
4131:
4106:
4078:Silfen
4064:Braden
4042:
4004:
3979:
3950:
3922:Lerner
3886:
3857:Napier
3835:
3794:
3766:Roumel
3739:Wilson
3717:
3679:
3646:Kaplan
3635:Roumel
3615:Braden
3595:Hewitt
3585:Damich
3575:Baskir
3495:via a
3493:Reagan
3051:death
3010:death
2846:Reagan
2806:death
2799:Reagan
2759:death
2752:Reagan
2705:Reagan
2649:Reagan
2596:Reagan
2556:death
2549:Reagan
2509:death
2502:Reagan
2462:death
2451:Reagan
2396:Reagan
2151:death
2110:death
2069:death
2058:Reagan
2010:death
1969:death
1928:death
1887:death
1781:State
1778:Judge
1489:Reagan
1454:Reagan
1419:Reagan
1375:Reagan
1319:Reagan
1284:Reagan
1249:Reagan
1214:Reagan
1153:Judge
1118:Judge
1083:Judge
1048:Judge
1013:Judge
978:Judge
943:Judge
908:Judge
873:Judge
838:Judge
803:Judge
768:Judge
733:Judge
698:Judge
663:Judge
606:Senior
580:Judge
577:Title
533:Judges
487:patent
440:
404:
290:equity
198:C.F.C.
172:.uscfc
140:Judges
131:Senate
109:
6371:Futey
6356:Smith
6341:Wiese
6320:Hadji
6295:Dietz
6285:Davis
6260:Holte
6182:Trust
6172:State
6156:State
5657:(PDF)
5650:(PDF)
5633:(PDF)
5613:Stat.
5431:Stat.
5404:Mayer
5393:Stat.
5367:Hadji
5316:Stat.
5291:Stat.
5214:Stat.
5189:Stat.
5166:1982
5159:White
5148:Stat.
5084:Stat.
5046:Stat.
4982:Stat.
4957:Stat.
4893:Stat.
4855:Stat.
4815:Block
4791:Stat.
4753:Stat.
4719:1982
4712:Willi
4701:Stat.
4675:Davis
4648:Wiese
4637:Stat.
4623:Wiese
4612:Stat.
4586:Holte
4548:Stat.
4510:Stat.
4446:Stat.
4419:Rader
4395:Stat.
4333:Stat.
4313:1982
4295:Stat.
4269:Dietz
4242:Futey
4231:Stat.
4217:Futey
4193:Stat.
4140:Merow
4129:Stat.
4115:Merow
4104:Stat.
4040:Stat.
4013:Lydon
4002:Stat.
3948:Stat.
3884:Stat.
3833:Stat.
3810:1982
3792:Stat.
3726:Smith
3715:Stat.
3701:Smith
3677:Stat.
3565:Smith
3436:D. Md
3427:Obama
3380:Obama
3191:Trump
2955:Obama
2889:2005
2639:2013
2430:1982
2307:1986
2260:1982
2137:1982
1873:1982
1756:Trump
1734:1955
1699:1962
1664:1941
1616:1948
1581:1948
1546:1938
1511:1944
1476:1938
1441:1939
1406:1949
1341:1943
1306:1944
1271:1939
1236:1938
1201:1934
1179:Biden
1166:1974
1144:Biden
1131:1981
1109:Biden
1096:1980
1074:Biden
1061:1967
1039:Biden
1026:1965
1004:Trump
991:1983
969:Trump
956:1979
934:Trump
921:1979
899:Trump
886:1978
864:Trump
851:1972
829:Trump
816:1974
794:Trump
781:1974
759:Trump
746:1962
724:Trump
711:1983
689:Trump
676:1960
650:Biden
644:Obama
628:1955
601:Chief
586:Born
545:(see
432:with
231:) in
129:with
6391:Bush
6361:Horn
6346:Yock
6265:Tapp
6177:Tort
6162:Race
5967:list
5879:and
5665:2008
5435:4506
5320:4506
5218:4506
5095:Horn
5088:4506
5070:Horn
4993:Yock
4986:4506
4968:Yock
4931:Tapp
4917:Bush
4897:4506
4795:4506
4764:Wood
4641:4506
4552:4506
4450:4506
4406:Seto
4337:4506
4235:4506
4133:4506
4044:4506
3888:4506
3719:4506
489:and
372:The
342:The
223:(on
188:(in
184:The
176:.gov
115:1509
6132:Gun
5989:Tax
3392:51
3345:49
3298:47
3251:46
3204:44
3150:43
3103:41
3056:40
3015:38
2968:39
2908:35
2861:33
2811:31
2764:29
2717:27
2670:26
2611:21
2561:20
2514:19
2467:18
2408:17
2361:16
2320:14
2279:13
2238:12
2197:10
1718:48
1683:45
1648:42
1600:37
1565:36
1530:34
1495:32
1460:30
1425:28
1390:25
1325:24
1290:23
1255:22
1220:15
1185:11
1150:66
1115:65
1080:64
1045:63
1010:62
975:61
940:60
905:59
870:58
835:57
800:56
765:55
730:54
695:53
660:52
612:50
325:in
251:in
196:or
170:www
6437::
5730:,
5617:25
5543:^
5474:MD
5459:VA
5446:VA
5421:VA
5408:VA
5397:27
5372:DC
5357:MD
5344:VA
5331:MD
5306:MD
5295:27
5270:VA
5255:DC
5242:MD
5229:IL
5204:IL
5193:27
5163:TX
5152:27
5116:VA
5099:MD
5074:MD
5061:DC
5050:27
5025:MD
5010:MA
4997:VA
4972:VA
4961:27
4936:KY
4921:DC
4908:KS
4883:KS
4870:NY
4859:27
4834:MD
4819:VA
4806:VA
4781:VA
4768:DC
4757:27
4716:DC
4705:27
4680:MD
4665:VA
4652:VA
4627:VA
4616:27
4591:OH
4576:VA
4563:VA
4538:VA
4525:NY
4514:27
4489:DC
4474:MD
4461:DC
4436:DC
4423:VA
4410:HI
4399:27
4363:DC
4348:DC
4323:DC
4310:NY
4299:27
4274:NJ
4259:VA
4246:OH
4221:OH
4208:NY
4197:27
4172:DC
4157:VA
4144:VA
4119:VA
4108:27
4083:DC
4068:DC
4055:DC
4030:DC
4017:ME
4006:27
3963:UT
3952:27
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3912:VA
3899:SC
3874:SC
3861:SC
3848:OH
3837:27
3807:DC
3796:27
3771:MD
3756:MD
3743:MD
3730:VA
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3692:MI
3681:27
3447:^
3420:–
3417:–
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3360:DC
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3229:—
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3084:–
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3071:MD
3040:—
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2993:–
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2936:–
2923:MA
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2839:–
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2826:VA
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2789:–
2779:DC
2742:–
2732:KS
2698:–
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2636:–
2626:DC
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2015:6
1999:–
1989:ME
1974:5
1958:–
1948:UT
1933:4
1917:–
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1892:3
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