550:
replacements in airship ratings. The Air Corps Act of 1926 mandated that 90% of all Air Corps officers be rated, and that for reasons of economy, by 1929 at least 20% of tactical pilots had to be enlisted men. However, the latter requirement was so utterly impractical it was circumvented by the Air Corps with the tacit approval of the War
Department. The Air Corps had only 38 rated enlisted men in 1930 (about 4% of all pilots), and nearly every enlisted graduate was being commissioned to decrease deficits in rated officers. Those remaining as enlisted men in the Regular Army held reserve officer commissions in the event of war.
904:
1488:
1173:
1038:
1335:
1645:
3277:
742:
214:
2578:
2276:
393:
40:
684:
325:
375:, incorporating, expanding and superseding the Aeronautical Division, and established in law both flight pay ( called the "aviation increase") and the awarding of ratings. The Act of 1914 authorized an aviation increase of 25% in pay to student pilots, 50% to those rated JMA, and 75% to those rated MA. Rated lieutenants who flew "regularly and frequently" were given the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade.
3853:
516:(completion of advanced training). The bulk of new pilots were acquired from the enlisted classification of "flying cadet", with achievement of a JAP rating making a cadet eligible for advanced pilot training and commissioning. However, some older Air Service officers without flying experience, but requiring a rating to remain in the Air Service, acquired a JAP rating, including Chief of Air Service Maj. Gen.
593:
561:, promulgated a policy requiring newly minted pilots to spend a year flying single-engined aircraft and accruing 750 logged flight hours as a prerequisite to becoming a bomber pilot. Seven years of military flying experience and 2,000 logged hours qualified a pilot as an "airplane commander" in the GHQAF. In 1937 the Army formalized the requirement, creating a new advanced rating of
2338:
193:. Badge is identical to that worn by USAF Navigators and CSOs. In current practice, is awarded with the Astronaut distinguishing insignia to those USAF officer astronauts who are not previously rated USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. Although identical to the badge worn by Navigators and CSOs, recipients are not graduates of USAF Navigator or CSO training.
1058:, for active duty officers and officers considered rated assets in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator, but rated navigators who are not CSO rated are not eligible for award of advanced CSO ratings. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Combat System Officer:
631:(N.B.: these three ratings were typically awarded to soldiers on the basis of prior civilian flying experience, with a higher age limit and relaxed medical requirements for entry vs. the normal Pilot training pipeline; their duty assignments were limited in scope), and enlisted Aircrew ratings. Combat Observer was renamed
1193:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. After 2009 only Combat System Operators receive ratings formerly awarded to navigators, as the occupational field is being phased out. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Navigator:
1992:, Signal Officers Reserve Corps, awarded upon successful completion of the "Reserve Military Aviator" test, supervised by an Aviation Section officer or agent. (Only those few rated officers not assigned in orders to the "Aviation Section, Signal Reserve for regular and frequent flights" were commissioned as
1996:.) The test in seven parts included a takeoff and climb in a constricted area, gliding and spinning, making a deadstick landing, landing over an obstacle, flying a triangular course by compass, flying a 30-mile cross-country flight by map, and completing a 45-minute endurance flight at 4,000 feet altitude. (
2022:
Enlisted pilots were authorized embroidered wings with a four-bladed propeller instead of a shield in the center, to be worn on the sleeve. However in World War I all enlisted pilots became commissioned. Enlisted pilots between 1919 and 1933, when the rating was discontinued, wore metal wings similar
485:
also ended the differentials in flight pay and standardized it at 50%. The policy of awarding rated officers a temporary advancement in grade was also terminated. To qualify for command of a unit, an officer was required by law to be rated. The existing ratings were reduced to four on 10 August 1920,
411:
encountered credibility problems from wearing their single-winged JMA/RMA badges in Europe, where the design signified "observer" status for the wearer rather than "pilot." Largely through their efforts, the regulation was changed on 27 October 1917 and a two-wing badge was authorized for JMA and RMA
263:
soloed by the "short hop method" (also known as "grass-cutting"), in which student pilots, flying alone, learned to handle airplane controls on the ground, taxied in further practice until just short of takeoff speeds, and finally took off to a height of just ten feet, gradually working up to higher
102:
For all categories of aeronautical ratings, to be eligible for the rating and to wear the appropriate badge, an officer must be medically qualified to fly and also be qualified by flying status proficiency. Certified flight officers who develop medical conditions that disqualify them from flying are
1800:
In addition to being a rated pilot and a rated flight surgeon, a pilot-physician must have completed at least three years of operational flying and one year as an operational flight surgeon, with a provision for assigning applicants without flight surgeon operational experience to a base where they
1929:
Added 25 September 2007. Under a program that began in the fall of 2004 to replace the "Joint
Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training" course, portions of the previous navigator and electronic warfare officer training courses were combined into a curriculum with the objective of developing an
679:
s were rated and received the "aviation increase" between 1918 and 1920. The rating was discontinued in 1920, however, and flight surgeons as a military profession were neglected by the headquarters of the successive Army air arms until late in 1939. In July 1940, the recommendations of a board of
549:
discarded the A Plan in favor of the B Plan, which awarded only a single rating, Airplane Pilot, requiring completion of all phases of a year-long, three-school (Primary, Basic, and
Advanced) flying training course. The Airship School closed in 1928 for economic reasons, ending all increases and
1850:
Pilot-physicians are eligible for advanced ratings as both flight surgeons and pilots. They may apply toward advanced pilot ratings any USAF pilot years of aviation service, months of operational flying duty, and total flying hours accrued before achieving flight surgeon status. After attaining
335:
War
Department General Order No. 39, dated 27 May 1913, certified 24 officers including Arnold as "qualified", and authorized issuance of a certificate and badge. A number of designs for the badge were considered before the War Department chose that of an eagle holding Signal Corps flags in its
581:. For both advanced ratings, hours as a pilot or navigator (a specialization then performed only by rated pilots) were calculated at 100%, but military flight hours in any other capacity were calculated at a 50% rate. The Air Corps also divided the former Airplane Observer rating into that of
1796:
to be
Program Director, and assignment of designated command, staff, research, training, and education billets as well as duty in operational units. A P48VX specialty code is assigned to those on aeronautical orders as a pilot-physician and assigned to one of these designated PPP billets.
89:
rating, effective 13 December 2010. Although in much smaller numbers, enlisted personnel were historically eligible to be rated until 1949. Since the later 1950s, highly trained enlisted personnel, along with officers whose duties do not include flying, are recognized by the awarding of
1930:
aviator with cross-flow capability between the two positions on combat aircraft. The curriculum includes a wider range of topics, with an increased emphasis on warfighting, to develop leadership, decision-making and mission management skills. Navigators and CSOs wear identical badges.
1784:(Air Force Specialty Code 48VX). The purpose of pilot-physicians is to provide "integrated operational and aerospace medicine guidance" in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of Air Force systems and missions to realize the greatest effectiveness and cost savings.
1851:
status as a pilot-physician, all hours flown as a pilot, and months of operational flying duty credit accrued as a pilot, are "dual-credited" toward both advanced pilot and flight surgeon ratings as long as the officer is on aeronautical orders as an active pilot-physician.
1508:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator/CSO and is typically only awarded as an "observer" insignia with the Astronaut emblem to USAF officers who have completed training as
1787:
Pilot-physicians were previously assigned only to an operational flying squadron in their respective aircraft, with their main assignment as a pilot, but also with clinical duties seeing patients, usually the flight medicine clinic, depending on the pilot-physician's
639:
flanked by wings to that of the USAF shield flanked by wings. At this time, a tiered system of ratings based on hours and years of service was also implemented with Senior
Navigator and Master Navigator following the same precepts as Senior Pilot and Command Pilot.
1303:(NAV training pipeline) course at either: VT-29 (Advanced Navigation Training Course at NAS Corpus Christi); 323 FTW (Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) at Mather AFB); or 12 FTW (Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT) at Randolph AFB)
103:
classified DNIF (Duties Not
Including Flying). DNIF may be temporary or permanent. Officers placed on permanent DNIF status are either cross-trained into another career field, or separated from the Air Force, depending on the severity of their medical condition.
1792:. On 21 April 2011 the Pilot-Physician Program (PPP) was completely revised to make "the most of the special resources of Air Force officers who are simultaneously qualified both as pilots and flight surgeons," with a senior pilot-physician selected by the
378:
Because a provision also required three years' experience as a JMA in order to become eligible to be rated MA, all remaining
Military Aviators had their ratings changed to JMA. None re-acquired the rating (and its "aviation increase") before July 1917. The
565:, setting 12 years as a rated pilot and 2,000 hours of flight time as the standard. The rating of Airship Pilot was discontinued at the same time and that of Airship Observer incorporated into Balloon Observer, leaving the Air Corps with five ratings.
58:, commonly referred to as "wings" from their shape and their historical legacy, are awarded by the Air Force in recognition of degrees of achievement and experience. Officers earning these badges and maintaining their requirements are classified as
568:
Between
November 1939 and March 1940 pilot ratings were revised to the permanent three-tier system with objective standards that exists today, with a total of eight ratings overall. Graduation from Advanced Flying School was required to be rated a
659:, especially since the latter have historically enjoyed more robust operational flying command and major command opportunities, to include promotion to 3-star and 4-star rank. Although observer ratings were also discontinued by USAF in 1949, the
535:
The Air
Service has 845 officers with rating as airplane pilots, airplane observers, airship pilots, airship observers, or balloon observers. In addition about 51 enlisted men have the rating of airplane pilot, junior airplane pilot, or airship
3242:
424:, with all ranks and grades being temporary. The Aviation Act of 24 July 1917 authorized those holding a pre-war JMA rating to advance to MA rating by the three-year rule, and along with RMA holders, by "distinguished service." A wartime
65:
The first U.S. military aviator ratings were awarded in 1912, and the issuance of badges for recognition of the award began in 1913. The division of ratings into multiple skill levels and categories began in 1914 and expanded during
1987:
Candidates for Reserve Military Aviator had to pass a medical examination to become an aviation cadet at a civilian flying school, then a preliminary flying test. Nearly all aviation cadets receiving the rating were commissioned as
477:
were created. Among the new ratings, a 50% aviation increase was authorized for the enlisted pilot and 25% for all the others. The new ratings, however, proved to be only a demobilization expedient and lasted less than nine months.
239:
as junior military aviator, military aviator, junior military aeronaut, and military aeronaut ... Provided further, that any officer attached to the aviation section of the signal corps for any military duty requiring him to make
336:
talons, suspended from a bar embossed with "Military Aviator", and had the dies manufactured. A group of 14 aviators still detailed to the Signal Corps was recommended on 29 September 1913 to receive the badge, and the two gold
1805:
and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot training (one slot per year); allows participation of flight surgeons with experience as navigators, electronic warfare officers, RPA sensor operators, and flight test engineers as
3698:
635:. All of the wartime ratings except Navigator were discontinued by the USAF on 26 July 1949, with Navigator and Bombardier merged into a single Navigator rating and the badge design being changed in 1951 from that of an
3215:
3622:
3225:
3220:
3264:
383:
eliminated pilot age and rank eligibility restrictions and allowed captains to also draw the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade if required to participate in regular and frequent flight.
505:. All those already holding the old ratings qualified automatically for the new. In 1921 the Air Service authorized the wearing of 3.125-inch ratings badges made of oxidized silver in lieu of embroidered badges.
3247:
3532:
3520:
1046:
The Combat System Officer (CSO) rating is awarded to individuals who entered the CSO Undergraduate Flying Training after 1 October 2004. The USAF awards combat system officer ratings at three levels:
3883:
3230:
1961:
One (1st Lt. J. D. Park) was killed in an accident before G.O. 39 was issued, and two (1st Lts. E.L. Ellington and H.M. Kelly) were killed together in the Philippines before theirs were delivered.
2057:. These were the only ratings ever awarded for distinguished service, and when the Military Aviator rating was abolished, these six were permitted to keep it. (Davis, p. 14 and p. 678, note 50.)
2203:
3259:
2041:
War Department Special Orders 95-0, para. 110, 23 April 1919, awarded six additional officers the rating of "Military Aviator" for "distinguished service" in France during the war: Brig. Gen.
3399:
3549:
1834:
by applying operational insights to studies; basic and applied science; relevant research, development, test & evaluation (RDT&E); and operational test & evaluation (OT&E),
3617:
1359:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Air Battle Manager:
1283:
Graduate of USAF Undergraduate Navigator Training (UNT) / USAF-USN Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) / USAF-USN Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT), or
3310:
1669:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Flight Surgeon:
416:
The Military Aviator badge was superseded on 15 August 1917 by authorization of a new embroidered "wings" badge, the first sketches of which are attributed to Arnold. A new rating,
3351:
3556:
1256:
Interservice transfer to USAF (including Air Reserve Component) of any former USN or USMC Naval Flight Officer with 7 years and similar flight time totals as a designated NFO
70:. With minor variations in numbers and titles of ratings, the system remained largely unchanged until 1940, when the current system of pilot ratings was introduced. During
3544:
3207:
3190:
715:
The Flight Surgeon rating received its own distinctive gold badge on 3 March 1942, which was changed to the standard oxidized silver wings in 1944 to avoid confusion with
348:, both of whom had also received the first ratings with Arnold on 5 July 1912. All 24 officers certified by G.O. 39, or their survivors, were eventually issued the badge.
3637:
3140:
2957:
2251:
1797:
Pilot-Physicians are entitled to conditional flight pay (ACIP), that is, only if assigned to an active flying position and flying a prescribed number of hours monthly.
3708:
3336:
3254:
3195:
2322:
2875:
1978:, and Robert H. Willis—were awarded the higher rating under the 3-year requirement after a ruling that their time away from aviation also counted. (Hennessey, p. 229)
3665:
3237:
1907:
288:
3803:
3642:
3600:
3595:
3173:
1793:
264:
altitudes and turns. The practice resulted in the first pilot death only a month into training. At least three of these pilots had been previously instructed by
3590:
3315:
3185:
1870:
190:
3515:
2651:
1903:
Navigator remains a rated category, but is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more comprehensive and versatile CSO category. Kreisher, Otto.
1970:
Nine of those whose ratings were reduced and were still in the ASSC were re-rated the MA in July 1917 and four who had left aviation and returned—Arnold,
3680:
2900:
303:
rating and published requirements on 20 April 1912. The first rating was awarded to Henry H. Arnold on 5 July 1912. The first rating requirements were:
2032:
Two non-flying ratings for aircraft mechanics, "Aviation Mechanician" and "Balloon Mechanician", also received a 50% increase if engaged in flying duty.
3582:
3539:
3163:
2195:
1523:, and are not otherwise rated as USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Observer:
3832:
3741:
3675:
3660:
3285:
3168:
260:
3718:
3632:
3627:
2566:
3736:
3527:
3200:
2335:
3703:
3133:
3114:
History: The 1913 Military Aviator's Badge awarded to Captain Paul W. Beck, U.S. Infantry, by Walter Schott The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc.
2845:
2826:
2807:
2788:
2768:
2740:
2720:
2701:
2682:
2626:
2606:
2539:
2503:
2480:
2438:
2418:
2398:
2379:
2360:
1860:
446:
91:
55:
2270:
3827:
3384:
1865:
1638:
2174:
FTU is an umbrella term for both current Undergraduate ABM Training (UABMT) and previous Programmed Flying Training (PFT) in a flying unit
3822:
3788:
3745:
372:
2009:
No one was ever rated a Reserve Military Aeronaut, all balloon ascensions during the war being tethered and manned by observers. (1920
54:
for commissioned officers participating in "regular and frequent flight", either aerially or in space, in performance of their duties.
3472:
3364:
903:
141:
126:
3655:
3108:
3087:
3058:
3033:
702:
202:
3837:
486:
combining the ratings of Reserve Military Aviator/Airplane Pilot, Junior Military Aviator, and Military Aviator into the rating of
3878:
3856:
3798:
3749:
3331:
3126:
1948:
Commander AFRC presents to USAF officers who complete RPA Formal Training Unit in conjunction with Undergraduate RPA Training at
1815:
3650:
3369:
3341:
256:
924:, to active duty officers, to enlisted personnel, and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components.
313:
Carry a passenger to an altitude of 500 feet, with a combined weight of pilot and passenger of 250 pounds or more, and make a
94:. In 2016, the Air Force opened RPA pilot positions to enlisted personnel, making them the first enlisted pilots since 1949.
3793:
3753:
2975:
2966:
2245:
450:
438:
508:
In 1921 the Air Service also revised its pilot training program, adopting the "A Plan", which divided pilot ratings between
351:
Two levels of qualification were specified in War Department Bulletin No. 35 on 4 May 1914, with aviators below the rank of
2868:
1846:
to provide recommendations for operational systems, environments, and mishaps; and solutions to human performance problems.
647:(CSO), with the same badge insignia as Navigator. This title change was intended to place the CSO more in line with their
3808:
3761:
2233:
AFI 11-402. Paragraph 2.2 defines the categories of aeronautical ratings and Paragraph 2.4 the authority making the award.
1487:
1172:
1037:
607:
75:
2097:
These five ratings were: Military Airplane Pilot, Airplane Pilot, Airplane Observer, Balloon Pilot, and Balloon Observer.
1904:
3773:
3757:
558:
546:
482:
380:
81:
USAF ratings gradually expanded until seven categories and 21 ratings exist currently. The most recent change added the
1334:
663:
title was revived in 1981 when a rating was created for otherwise non-aeronautically rated USAF officers who completed
3008:
Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1958). "The Medical Service of the USAAF" (LeRoy, Dr. George V.),
2084:
Enlisted personnel qualifying for a pilot rating during World War II, commonly referred to as "sergeant pilots," wore
1520:
897:
735:
716:
1644:
233:
That officers detailed in or attached to the aviation section of the signal corps may, when qualified therefore, be
3374:
2640:
610:
as a rating and authorized its own badge on 4 September 1942, one of a number of new wartime ratings that included
1802:
3767:
3379:
3300:
3180:
341:
181:
2224:
Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11-402, Paragraph 2.2.2; 13 December 2010, superseding AFI 11-402 25 September 2007.
3670:
3607:
1801:
would likely become a "first assignment pilot-physician". The revised program allows flight surgeons access to
1759:
1328:
442:
273:
111:
320:
Make a military reconnaissance flight of at least 20 miles cross-country at an average altitude of 1,500 feet.
246:
shall receive an increase of 25 per centum of the pay of his grade and length of service under his commission.
2106:
AR 600–35 (paragraph 42: "Badge, Aviation") was revised to list the eight rating categories, including a new
32:"Aircraft observer" redirects here. For an aircrew member whose duties are predominantly reconnaissance, see
3783:
3713:
3502:
3149:
84:
51:
2054:
1894:
The standard by which flight status has been defined in law, executive orders, and regulations since 1913.
644:
156:
2995:
2085:
1916:
741:
617:
577:
rating; and either 15 years service with 3,000 hours, or 20 years service with 2,000 hours, to become a
554:
280:
213:
137:
441:, a standard wings-and-shield design for the rating badge, still in use today, was created by sculptor
927:
The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF remotely piloted aircraft pilot:
449:
and approved on 25 January 1919. Army regulations regarding ratings underwent a major revision by the
3492:
3487:
3389:
1949:
1300:
1290:
648:
3497:
3482:
3477:
364:
352:
17:
3462:
3409:
3394:
3359:
3305:
2292:
1975:
1840:
aircrew, senior Air Force leaders, and medical personnel on subjects of particular expertise, and
1614:
1512:
1344:
767:
667:
177:
165:
643:
Beginning in 2011, the rating of Navigator was retitled, replaced by the aeronautical rating of
118:'s surface and who have participated in at least one operational mission, and has a distinctive
3778:
3467:
3442:
3104:
3083:
3054:
3053:(USAF Historical Study No. 98), Maxwell Air Force Base: Air Force Historical Research Agency,
3029:
2894:
2046:
1993:
1789:
763:
680:
flight surgeons appointed by Gen. Arnold were adopted, standardizing ratings requirements as:
656:
392:
345:
314:
434:
for both airplanes and balloons, bringing the total number of aeronautical ratings to seven.
3560:
3447:
3432:
3422:
1989:
683:
636:
612:
324:
2066:
The U.S. Naval Air Service and the U.S. Aerial Mail Service also had four aviation ratings.
3457:
3452:
3437:
3427:
3417:
2858:
AFI 11-402 Table 2.1. This table defines requirements for all seven categories of ratings.
2342:
2315:
2304:
2255:
1911:
1752:
1454:
1166:
1031:
528:
284:
276:
119:
39:
259:
Bulletin No. 6, as a new measurement of pilot skill. Before that time most pilots of the
457:(although usage of the RMA terminology continued until 1920), all observers were termed
2987:, Office of the Director of Air Service, February 1920, U.S. Government Printing Office
2050:
2042:
1821:
Pilot-physicians are defined by four core competencies to achieve program objectives:
1654:
1481:
430:
408:
310:
Pilot an aircraft for at least five minutes in a wind of 15 m.p.h. velocity or greater;
269:
197:
3064:
Hussey, Anne, and Browning, Dr. Robert (2000). "Flying Training at Kelly, 1917–1943",
122:, consisting of a "shooting star" qualifier device superimposed on their rated badge.
3872:
3817:
3813:
1971:
1516:
517:
337:
265:
114:
for rated officers formally qualified to perform duties at least 50 miles above the
71:
33:
3022:
853:
1,300 hours (any combination of primary, instructor, and/or evaluator pilot time)
592:
412:
as well as the Military Aviator rating, which was denoted by having a star added.
421:
67:
912:
The USAF awards remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot ratings at three levels:
1447:
875:
Graduate of helicopter pilot training conducted by another US military service
871:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program, or
779:
775:
762:, to active duty officers and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the
407:
badges had only one wing to the wearer's left. The Air Service members of the
3005:, August 2007, Vol. 90, No. 8, the Air Force Association, Arlington, Virginia
1297:
1287:
785:
The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Pilot:
670:
652:
148:
107:
3113:
3118:
2248:
Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Aviation Badges
1010:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program
78:, but most were discontinued after the war when the USAF came into being.
170:: awarded by the Commander or delegated air control wing commanders, AETC
2591:. Paragraph 2 (a) Section IV, General Orders No. 49, War Department 1920
481:
In 1920, when the Air Service was made a statutory arm of the line, the
74:, as many as 19 aeronautical ratings were recognized and awarded by the
500:
525:
Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
2648:
Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics
299:
To establish formal standards of certification, the Army created the
50:
are military aviation skill standards established and awarded by the
2258:, p.2 Summary of Changes (2 February 2013). Retrieved 31 August 2015
1313:
Reviewed by Aeronautical Rating Board and approved by Major Command
868:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if ordered by USAF, or
3073:
Flight Surgeon Support to United States Air Force Fliers in Combat
708:
one year's service in the AAF as an Aviation Medical Examiner, and
682:
591:
512:(completion of primary training, normally an enlisted rating) and
453:
on 16 October 1919, when the RMA rating was officially changed to
391:
323:
212:
115:
38:
2960:
Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Badges
1611:
1509:
664:
3122:
1814:; and authorizes pilot-physicians to compete for assignment to
1145:
Graduate of Combat System Officer Undergraduate Flying Training
428:
rating for balloon pilots was also created, as was a rating of
125:
The seven categories of aeronautical ratings, as authorized by
2519:, pp. 309–310. (ODAS General Orders No. 45, 29 September 1919)
490:
and Military Aeronaut and Balloon Observer into the rating of
255:
Aeronautical ratings were established on 23 February 1912, by
161:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC
152:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC
3075:, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, Texas
1828:
through the synthesis of operational and medical experience,
573:; ten years service and 1,800 hours of military flight for
541:
Air Corps, World War II, Cold War and Post-Cold War changes
2336:
Chicago Daily news almanac and year-book for 1918, p. 423.
1920:, August 2007 (vol. 90, no. 8). Accessed 11 December 2009.
2681:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (
2625:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (
399:
badge, 1917–1919. Initially badges were embroidered and
176:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders,
3051:
The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917
3265:
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
2275:. U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General's Department.
420:, was authorized on 3 June 1917 to rate pilots during
3884:
Awards and decorations of the United States Air Force
3248:
House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
2962:, 13 December 2010; certified current 5 February 2013
2088:
wings appropriate to the class of aircraft they flew.
437:
After the creation by executive order in 1918 of the
2980:, 10 December 2010; certified current 9 January 2013
1728:
1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and
1702:
1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and
1699:
Permanent award of senior flight service rating, and
229:
From the Aviation Act (40 Stat. 243), 24 July 1917:
3727:
3689:
3573:
3408:
3350:
3324:
3293:
3284:
3156:
2676:
2620:
1181:The USAF awards navigator ratings at three levels:
3243:House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
3028:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History.
3021:
2075:Both phases of training were six months in length.
1748:Graduate of Aerospace Medicine Primary Course, and
1496:The USAF awards observer ratings at three levels:
3092:Manufacturers Aircraft Association, Inc. (1920).
2196:"First two enlisted pilots complete solo flights"
1293:course, VT-86 (RIO, TN or OJN training pipelines)
3082:, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C.
2502:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCallander1991 (
2359:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessey1958 (
1223:Permanent award of senior navigator rating, and
1007:Graduate of USAF RPA pilot training program, or
957:Permanent award of senior RPA pilot rating, and
750:The USAF awards pilot ratings at three levels:
698:completion of a one-year rotational internship,
272:, California. Concurrently, two pilots (future
2437:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
2417:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
2397:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
1553:Permanent award of senior observer rating, and
3134:
3066:A History of Military Aviation in San Antonio
2844:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (
2538:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (
2378:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCorrell2007 (
1871:Obsolete badges of the United States military
1725:Permanent award of flight surgeon rating, and
1696:15 years rated service as flight surgeon, and
967:2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or
825:2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or
371:. On 18 July 1914, Congress established the
317:to within 150 feet of a designated point; and
191:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
8:
2926:AFI 11-404 Paragraphs 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, and 7.3
2787:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2767:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2739:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2719:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2700:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2605:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2479:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
1722:7 years rated service as flight surgeon, and
494:, renaming the rating of Aerial Observer as
3001:Correll, John T. "The First of the Force,"
2825:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLeRoy1955 (
2806:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones2003 (
1780:Flight surgeons may also perform duties as
1593:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1563:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1515:, have flown at least once in space in the
1429:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1399:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1266:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1233:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1128:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1098:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
865:Graduate of USAF pilot training program, or
815:Permanent award of senior pilot rating, and
359:and those captain and above to be rated as
189:: awarded by the Senior Air Force Officer,
62:and receive additional pay and allowances.
3290:
3141:
3127:
3119:
2165:ratings became effective 23 February 1940.
774:). Rating standards apply equally to both
307:Attain an altitude of at least 2,500 feet;
3103:, Osprey Publishing, Botley, Oxford, UK.
3068:, USAF Air Education and Training Command
2990:Callander, Bruce D. "They Wanted Wings",
2753:War Department Circular 31, 23 March 1940
2650:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1925.
2498:
2354:
2321:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1389:Permanent award of senior ABM rating, and
1088:Permanent award of senior CSO rating, and
995:1300 hours primary and instructor flight
970:144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)
828:144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)
695:graduation from a Class A medical school,
673:training and subsequently flew in space.
3096:, Doubleday, Page, and Company. New York
3024:Carl A. Spaatz and the air war in Europe
3010:Volume Seven – Services Around the World
2432:
2412:
2392:
1671:
1525:
1361:
1195:
1060:
987:Permanent award of RPA pilot rating, and
929:
787:
340:were issued 16 October 1913, to Captain
136:: awarded by the Commander or delegated
2839:
2725:. Air Corps Circular 50-10 13 June 1937
2567:"Flying Status of Air Service Officers"
2533:
2451:
2449:
2373:
2187:
2000:, 15 May 1917, Vol. II, No. 8, p. 355.)
1887:
1583:Permanent award of observer rating. and
1253:Permanent award of navigator rating, or
363:. Similar ratings were created for the
3337:Operational Test and Evaluation Center
3201:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
2899:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2892:
2782:
2762:
2734:
2714:
2695:
2600:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2311:
2300:
2290:
289:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
3016:, Air Force Historical Studies Office
2820:
2801:
2455:
2241:
2239:
2206:from the original on 29 December 2016
2023:to the embroidered badge. (Callander)
1998:Aviation and Aeronautical Engineering
1861:Badges of the United States Air Force
447:United States Commission of Fine Arts
388:World War I and Air Service revisions
7:
3080:Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919–1939
2994:, January 1991, Vol. 74, No. 1, the
2881:from the original on 1 December 2016
2657:from the original on 8 February 2010
2272:Aviation Career Incentive Pay (ACIP)
2053:, Major Melvin A. Hall, and Captain
1866:Military badges of the United States
1460:Graduate of UABMT under new syllabus
845:Permanent award of pilot rating, and
209:Evolution of the USAF ratings system
3014:The Army Air Forces in World War II
2049:, Lt. Col. John N. Reynolds, Major
711:50 hours of logged military flight.
365:lighter-than-air branch of aviation
261:Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps
110:"qualifier" is awarded only by the
48:U.S. Air Force aeronautical ratings
18:U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Ratings
3838:Air & Space Forces Association
3255:Senate Committee on Armed Services
3049:Hennessy, Dr. Juliette A. (1958).
2279:from the original on 17 April 2017
2110:rating, and describe their badges.
1419:Permanent award of ABM rating, and
1118:Permanent award of CSO rating, and
142:Air Education and Training Command
25:
2581:from the original on 22 July 2011
203:USAF School of Aerospace Medicine
27:Military aviation skill standards
3852:
3851:
3750:Division of Military Aeronautics
3275:
3174:Under Secretary of the Air Force
3101:U.S. Army Air Forces, Volume Two
2269:Wilder, Harlan, et al. editors.
2136:was authorized 20 February 1940.
2123:was authorized 21 November 1939.
1643:
1486:
1333:
1308:400 hours primary navigator time
1220:15 years as rated navigator, and
1171:
1036:
954:15 years as rated RPA pilot, and
902:
740:
2985:Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.
2517:Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.
1550:15 years as rated observer, and
1457:Formal Training Unit course, or
1450:Formal Training Unit course, or
984:7 years as rated RPA pilot, and
498:, and continuing the rating of
217:Gen. H.H. Arnold, wearing both
3661:Reserve Officer Training Corps
3618:Judge Advocate General's Corps
3260:Senate Subcommittee on Airland
3238:House Armed Services Committee
1580:7 years as rated observer, and
373:Aviation Section, Signal Corps
1:
3809:Women Airforce Service Pilots
2149:was authorized 23 March 1940.
1905:"Versatile, Ready, and Rated"
1513:Mission Specialist Astronauts
1024:Combat System Officer ratings
608:United States Army Air Forces
92:Air Force Occupational Badges
1803:undergraduate pilot training
1642:
1485:
1332:
1170:
1109:Senior Combat System Officer
1079:Master Combat System Officer
1056:Master Combat System Officer
1052:Senior Combat System Officer
1035:
901:
812:15 years as rated pilot, and
739:
483:National Defense Act of 1920
381:National Defense Act of 1916
243:regular and frequent flights
201:: awarded by the Commander,
3164:Department of the Air Force
3099:Rottman, Gordon L. (2002).
2969:The Pilot-Physician Program
1521:International Space Station
1032:Combat System Officer badge
842:7 years as rated pilot, and
703:School of Aviation Medicine
531:to the Congress, reported:
3900:
3169:Secretary of the Air Force
3020:Davis, Richard G. (1993).
1637:
1480:
1386:15 years as rated ABM, and
1327:
1321:Air Battle Manager ratings
1250:7 years as rated navigator
1165:
1085:15 years as rated CSO, and
1030:
896:
734:
651:(NFO) counterparts of the
31:
3846:
3511:
3273:
2944:AFI 11-402, Paragraph 2.7
2935:AFI 11-402, Paragraph 1.2
1826:Providing expert guidance
1794:Air Force Surgeon General
1657:ratings at three levels:
1416:7 years as rated ABM, and
1410:Senior Air Battle Manager
1380:Master Air Battle Manager
1357:Master Air Battle Manager
1353:Senior Air Battle Manager
1347:ratings at three levels:
1115:7 years as rated CSO, and
527:, submitted by President
426:Reserve Military Aeronaut
283:) were instructed by the
182:Air Force Reserve Command
85:Remotely Piloted Aircraft
3671:Airman Leadership School
3473:Thirteenth Expeditionary
3311:Field Operating Agencies
3071:Jones, David R. (2003).
2677:Hussey and Browning 2000
2621:Hussey and Browning 2000
1910:3 September 2010 at the
1760:Air Force Specialty Code
1684:Alternative flight time
1538:Alternative flight time
1374:Alternative flight time
1329:Air Battle Manager Badge
1208:Alternative flight time
1073:Alternative flight time
942:Alternative flight time
800:Alternative flight time
723:USAF rating requirements
418:Reserve Military Aviator
405:Reserve Military Aviator
274:General of the Air Force
112:Air Force Chief of Staff
56:USAF aeronautical badges
43:USAF Command Pilot wings
3879:United States Air Force
3656:Officer Training School
3150:United States Air Force
3078:Maurer, Maurer (1987).
2915:Pilot-Physician Program
2254:12 January 2014 at the
1939:Added 13 December 2010.
563:Military Airplane Pilot
451:Director of Air Service
401:Junior Military Aviator
397:Junior Military Aviator
357:Junior Military Aviator
52:United States Air Force
3699:Awards and decorations
3332:District of Washington
3325:Direct Reporting Units
2698:, pp. 49, 204–208
2641:"The Army Air Service"
2267:Added 1 October 1999.
1950:March Air Reserve Base
1816:USAF Test Pilot School
1812:flight test-physicians
1631:Flight Surgeon ratings
772:Air Reserve Components
691:
690:wings, Army Air Forces
645:Combat Systems Officer
606:was recognized by the
600:
538:
413:
332:
248:
226:
44:
3742:Aeronautical Division
2998:, Arlington, Virginia
2996:Air Force Association
2341:29 April 2018 at the
1716:Senior Flight Surgeon
1663:Senior Flight Surgeon
1588:2,000 total hours, or
1558:3,000 total hours, or
1519:and/or served at the
1424:2,000 total hours, or
1394:3,000 total hours, or
1228:3,000 total hours, or
1139:Combat System Officer
1123:2,000 total hours, or
1093:3,000 total hours, or
1048:Combat System Officer
992:2,000 total hours, or
962:3,000 total hours, or
850:2,000 total hours, or
820:3,000 total hours, or
686:
595:
533:
510:Junior Airplane Pilot
461:, and new ratings of
395:
342:Charles DeF. Chandler
327:
287:and certified by the
281:Thomas DeWitt Milling
231:
216:
157:Combat System Officer
127:Title 10, U.S.C. 8691
42:
3613:Aeronautical ratings
3212:Three-star generals
2108:Senior Balloon Pilot
1808:navigator-physicians
1733:350 logged hours, or
1707:750 logged hours, or
1690:Chief Flight Surgeon
1667:Chief Flight Surgeon
1639:Flight Surgeon Badge
1301:Naval Flight Officer
1291:Naval Flight Officer
649:Naval Flight Officer
291:(FAI) in July 1911.
3410:Numbered Air Forces
3191:Vice Chief of Staff
2978:Aviation Management
2577:(September). 1920.
1844:Conducting analysis
1832:Conducting research
553:In 1936, Maj. Gen.
3768:The U.S. Air Force
3681:Fitness Assessment
3638:Chief of Chaplains
3557:Civilian auxiliary
3306:Air National Guard
3208:Four-star generals
3094:Aircraft Year Book
3003:AIR FORCE Magazine
2992:AIR FORCE Magazine
2554:Aircraft Year Book
2303:has generic name (
2163:Technical Observer
2011:Aircraft Year Book
1994:second lieutenants
1976:Joseph E. Carberry
1917:AIR FORCE Magazine
1678:Basic requirement
1615:Mission Specialist
1532:Basic requirement
1440:Air Battle Manager
1368:Basic requirement
1349:Air Battle Manager
1345:Air Battle Manager
1202:Basic requirement
1067:Basic requirement
936:Basic requirement
794:Basic requirement
768:Air National Guard
701:completion of the
692:
668:mission specialist
601:
587:Technical Observer
414:
333:
270:North Island field
227:
178:Air Combat Command
166:Air Battle Manager
45:
3866:
3865:
3651:Air Force Academy
3569:
3568:
3196:Director of Staff
2047:Lewis H. Brereton
1990:first lieutenants
1790:medical specialty
1773:
1772:
1651:
1650:
1628:
1627:
1494:
1493:
1471:
1470:
1341:
1340:
1318:
1317:
1261:2,000 total hours
1179:
1178:
1159:Navigator ratings
1156:
1155:
1044:
1043:
1021:
1020:
948:Command RPA Pilot
922:Command RPA Pilot
910:
909:
890:RPA Pilot ratings
887:
886:
764:Air Force Reserve
748:
747:
657:U.S. Marine Corps
633:Aircraft Observer
557:, commanding the
545:In 1926, the new
496:Airplane Observer
369:Military Aeronaut
346:Thomas D. Milling
315:deadstick landing
16:(Redirected from
3891:
3855:
3854:
3754:Army Air Service
3746:Aviation Section
3561:Civil Air Patrol
3291:
3279:
3278:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3120:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2804:, pp. 11–19
2799:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2571:U.S. Air Service
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2477:, pp. 46–47
2472:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2192:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2055:Reed M. Chambers
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1985:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1782:Pilot-Physicians
1776:Pilot-Physicians
1767:No time required
1710:144 months OFDA
1672:
1653:The USAF awards
1647:
1635:
1634:
1622:No time required
1526:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1474:Observer ratings
1465:No time required
1362:
1343:The USAF awards
1337:
1325:
1324:
1244:Senior Navigator
1214:Master Navigator
1196:
1191:Master Navigator
1187:Senior Navigator
1175:
1163:
1162:
1150:No time required
1061:
1040:
1028:
1027:
1015:No time required
978:Senior RPA Pilot
930:
918:Senior RPA Pilot
906:
894:
893:
881:No time required
788:
744:
732:
731:
637:armillary sphere
599:wings, 1942–1951
555:Frank M. Andrews
492:Balloon Observer
443:Herbert S. Adams
439:Army Air Service
361:Military Aviator
329:Military Aviator
301:Military Aviator
295:Military Aviator
223:Military Aviator
180:, or Commander,
21:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3842:
3833:Service numbers
3804:National Museum
3762:Army Air Forces
3729:
3723:
3691:
3685:
3643:Chief Scientist
3633:Medical Service
3628:Security Forces
3575:
3565:
3550:Security Forces
3507:
3404:
3346:
3320:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3152:
3147:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3019:
2971:, 21 April 2011
2954:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:, Paragraph 4.1
2912:
2908:
2891:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2869:"Archived copy"
2867:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2584:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2462:
2454:
2447:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2343:Wayback Machine
2334:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2299:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:Wayback Machine
2244:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2159:Combat Observer
2157:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2086:auxiliary pilot
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2004:
1986:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1912:Wayback Machine
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1857:
1778:
1753:medical license
1736:72 months OFDA
1633:
1574:Senior Observer
1566:144 months OFDA
1544:Master Observer
1506:Master Observer
1502:Senior Observer
1476:
1402:144 months OFDA
1323:
1236:144 months OFDA
1167:Navigator Badge
1161:
1101:144 months OFDA
1026:
898:RPA Pilot Badge
892:
730:
725:
583:Combat Observer
543:
529:Calvin Coolidge
459:Aerial Observer
409:Bolling Mission
390:
355:to be rated as
297:
285:Wright Brothers
277:Henry H. Arnold
253:
211:
120:Astronaut Badge
100:
76:Army Air Forces
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3897:
3895:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:Airman's Creed
3776:
3774:Air Force Band
3771:
3764:
3758:Army Air Corps
3739:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3666:Basic Training
3663:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3608:Specialty Code
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3400:USAFE–AFAFRICA
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3352:Major commands
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Chief of Staff
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3097:
3090:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3047:
3034:
3017:
3006:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2906:
2860:
2851:
2832:
2813:
2794:
2775:
2755:
2746:
2727:
2707:
2688:
2669:
2632:
2613:
2593:
2558:
2545:
2521:
2509:
2499:Callander 1991
2486:
2460:
2445:
2425:
2405:
2385:
2366:
2355:Hennessey 1958
2347:
2328:
2260:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2151:
2145:The rating of
2138:
2132:The rating of
2125:
2119:The rating of
2112:
2099:
2090:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2051:Carl A. Spaatz
2043:Billy Mitchell
2034:
2025:
2015:
2002:
1980:
1963:
1954:
1941:
1932:
1922:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1742:Flight Surgeon
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1659:Flight Surgeon
1655:flight surgeon
1649:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:72 months OFDA
1594:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1482:Observer Badge
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:72 months OFDA
1430:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:72 months OFDA
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:72 months OFDA
1129:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
990:
989:
988:
985:
980:
974:
973:
972:
971:
968:
963:
960:
959:
958:
955:
950:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
908:
907:
900:
891:
888:
885:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
872:
869:
866:
861:
855:
854:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
838:
832:
831:
830:
829:
826:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
808:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
746:
745:
738:
729:
726:
724:
721:
713:
712:
709:
706:
699:
696:
688:Flight Surgeon
677:Flight Surgeon
542:
539:
514:Airplane Pilot
488:Airplane Pilot
463:Enlisted Pilot
455:Airplane Pilot
389:
386:
322:
321:
318:
311:
308:
296:
293:
257:War Department
252:
249:
210:
207:
206:
205:
198:Flight Surgeon
194:
184:
171:
162:
153:
145:
99:
96:
60:rated officers
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3896:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3859:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Air Force Two
3815:
3814:Air Force One
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:Personnel and
3572:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3503:Twenty-Second
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3316:Installations
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:1-85532-339-7
3106:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:1-4102-1391-9
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3061:OCLC 12553968
3060:
3059:0-912799-34-X
3056:
3052:
3048:
3037:
3035:0-912799-75-7
3031:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2823:, p. 366
2822:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2765:, p. 380
2764:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2737:, p. 373
2736:
2731:
2728:
2722:
2717:, p. 379
2716:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2556:, pp. 276–278
2555:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2435:, p. 234
2434:
2433:Hennessy 1958
2429:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2413:Hennessy 1958
2409:
2406:
2400:
2395:, p. 227
2394:
2393:Hennessy 1958
2389:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2306:
2294:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Command Pilot
2142:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:Frank P. Lahm
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1952:, California.
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:Unrestricted
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:Space Shuttle
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
986:
983:
982:
981:
979:
976:
975:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
956:
953:
952:
951:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
928:
925:
923:
919:
915:
905:
899:
895:
889:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
844:
841:
840:
839:
837:
834:
833:
827:
824:
823:
822:
819:
814:
811:
810:
809:
807:
806:Command Pilot
804:
803:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Command Pilot
757:
753:
743:
737:
733:
728:Pilot ratings
727:
722:
720:
718:
717:naval aviator
710:
707:
704:
700:
697:
694:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:
674:
672:
669:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
638:
634:
630:
628:
627:Service Pilot
624:
623:Liaison Pilot
620:
615:
614:
609:
605:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
579:Command Pilot
576:
572:
566:
564:
560:
559:GHQ Air Force
556:
551:
548:
540:
537:
532:
530:
526:
521:
519:
518:Mason Patrick
515:
511:
506:
504:
502:
497:
493:
489:
484:
479:
476:
475:Aerial Bomber
472:
471:Aerial Gunner
468:
467:Airship Pilot
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
385:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
330:
326:
319:
316:
312:
309:
306:
305:
304:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
266:Glenn Curtiss
262:
258:
251:Civil ratings
250:
247:
245:
244:
238:
237:
230:
224:
220:
219:Command Pilot
215:
208:
204:
200:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
97:
95:
93:
88:
86:
79:
77:
73:
69:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
35:
30:
19:
3850:
3828:Thunderbirds
3690:Uniforms and
3612:
3342:USAF Academy
3231:2020–present
3100:
3093:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3050:
3039:. Retrieved
3023:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2958:AFI 11-402,
2940:
2931:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2883:. Retrieved
2863:
2854:
2842:, p. 15
2840:Rottman 2002
2835:
2816:
2797:
2785:, p. 67
2778:
2758:
2749:
2730:
2710:
2691:
2679:, p. 21
2672:
2659:. Retrieved
2647:
2635:
2623:, p. 18
2616:
2603:, p. 47
2596:
2583:. Retrieved
2574:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2536:, p. 12
2534:Rottman 2002
2516:
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2458:, p. 14
2428:
2415:, p. 59
2408:
2388:
2376:, p. 50
2374:Correll 2007
2369:
2357:, p. 58
2350:
2331:
2301:|first=
2281:. Retrieved
2271:
2263:
2247:
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2199:
2190:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2134:Senior Pilot
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2037:
2028:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1983:
1966:
1957:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1899:
1890:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1811:
1807:
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1786:
1781:
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1681:Flight time
1666:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1610:Graduate of
1603:
1573:
1543:
1535:Flight time
1505:
1501:
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1446:Graduate of
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1371:Flight time
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632:
626:
622:
619:Glider Pilot
618:
611:
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575:Senior Pilot
574:
570:
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522:
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495:
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300:
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241:
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234:
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164:
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147:
140:commanders,
133:
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101:
82:
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72:World War II
64:
59:
47:
46:
34:Air observer
29:
3823:Honor Guard
3784:Core Values
3728:History and
2976:AFI 11-401
2967:AFI 11-405
2913:AFI 11-405
2885:30 November
2783:Maurer 1987
2763:Maurer 1987
2735:Maurer 1987
2715:Maurer 1987
2696:Maurer 1987
2601:Maurer 1987
2475:Maurer 1987
2403:Appendix 8.
2312:|work=
2283:13 December
2045:, Lt. Col.
1455:E-8 J-STARS
770:(i.e., the
736:Pilot Badge
422:World War I
331:badge, 1913
68:World War I
3873:Categories
3730:traditions
3649:Training:
3493:Nineteenth
3488:Eighteenth
3157:Leadership
3041:12 January
2952:References
2821:LeRoy 1955
2802:Jones 2003
2661:19 October
2585:22 October
2456:Davis 1993
2246:AFI11-402
780:helicopter
776:fixed-wing
613:Bombardier
3709:Equipment
3692:equipment
3623:RED HORSE
3583:Personnel
3540:Squadrons
3498:Twentieth
3483:Sixteenth
3478:Fifteenth
3286:Structure
3226:2010–2019
3221:2000–2009
3216:1940–1959
3181:Air Staff
2314:ignored (
2293:cite book
2182:Citations
2013:, p. 278)
1882:Footnotes
1448:E-3 AWACS
1277:Navigator
1183:Navigator
1001:RPA Pilot
914:RPA Pilot
671:astronaut
653:U.S. Navy
604:Navigator
597:Navigator
547:Air Corps
367:, termed
221:and 1913
174:RPA Pilot
149:Navigator
108:Astronaut
3857:Category
3799:Memorial
3719:Uniforms
3714:Aircraft
3601:enlisted
3591:officers
3576:training
3463:Eleventh
3294:Commands
2895:cite web
2876:Archived
2667:, p. 53.
2652:Archived
2579:Archived
2339:Archived
2277:Archived
2252:Archived
2210:29 April
2204:Archived
1908:Archived
1855:See also
1838:Teaching
1758:Awarded
1617:training
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1498:Observer
1288:USN/USMC
782:pilots.
719:badges.
661:Observer
431:Observer
344:and Lt.
187:Observer
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3737:History
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1675:Rating
1529:Rating
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1064:Rating
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791:Rating
705:course,
629:ratings
501:Airship
445:of the
353:captain
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87:) Pilot
3794:Symbol
3704:Badges
3596:cadets
3528:Groups
3448:Eighth
3433:Fourth
3423:Second
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2200:af.mil
1665:, and
1504:, and
1355:, and
1189:, and
1054:, and
920:, and
758:, and
616:, the
536:pilot.
473:, and
338:proofs
225:badges
144:(AETC)
3587:Rank
3516:Wings
3458:Tenth
3453:Ninth
3438:Fifth
3428:Third
3418:First
3395:PACAF
3385:AFSOC
3370:AFGSC
2879:(PDF)
2872:(PDF)
2655:(PDF)
2644:(PDF)
2552:1920
2121:Pilot
1877:Notes
1755:, and
1311:None
859:Pilot
752:Pilot
571:Pilot
503:Pilot
236:rated
168:(ABM)
159:(CSO)
134:Pilot
116:earth
83:RPA (
3789:Flag
3676:SERE
3380:AFRC
3375:AFMC
3365:AETC
3105:ISBN
3084:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3043:2014
3030:ISBN
2901:link
2887:2016
2846:help
2827:help
2808:help
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2323:link
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2212:2018
2161:and
1762:48XX
1612:NASA
1510:NASA
778:and
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665:NASA
655:and
625:and
585:and
403:and
279:and
138:wing
106:The
3545:ANG
3533:ANG
3521:ANG
3390:AMC
3360:ACC
1810:or
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3875::
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