2074:
992:
against the university. On April 4, 2023, OCR announced a
Resolution Letter and Agreement mandating that the University of Vermont (UVM) implement changes due to its inadequate response to numerous complaints regarding harassment and discrimination on campus. UVM agreed to enhance its policies and procedures to reaffirm its dedication to combating prejudice and will be subject to increased federal supervision. No resolution agreements have been announced from the surge of new investigations launched after October 2023.
975:
the
Advancement of Science and Art and Kansas’ Maize Unified School District. Five of the complaints reported instances of antisemitism harassment and two report anti-Muslim harassment. “When students are targeted because they are — or are perceived to be — Jewish, Muslim, Arab, Sikh or any other ethnicity or shared ancestry, schools must act to ensure safe and inclusive educational environments where everyone is free to learn,” Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said in a statement.
983:
Characteristics. The Dear
College Letter (DCL) doesn't hold the weight of law but offers valuable direction for adhering to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The DCL highlights protections under Title VI extend to characteristics of shared ancestry, ethnicity, and nationality, such as Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Arab, Israeli, Palestinian, or South Asian. Thus, educational facilities receiving federal financial assistance must comply with Title VI.
577:
943:, told the Huffington Post that "announcing an investigation can open survivors to retaliation, and it's important that the OCR also take emphasis on providing survivors an option to opt out of having their investigation announced if it could endanger them, especially in small institutions where anonymity is less of an option." Organizations like FIRE have argued that the OCR list—along with its precursor the
757:, established that federal civil rights law protects members of other faiths when they are targeted due to their ancestry or ethnicity. In September, 2023, the Biden administration announced that eight additional executive agencies adopted the Marcus Doctrine, in addition the U.S. Departments of Education, State and Justice, which had already been applying the policy.
566:
962:. The Office and Princeton reached an agreement on a package of procedural reforms to bring it into compliance including mandatory training, a public awareness and bystander intervention campaign, reexamination of three years of past sexual violence complaints, improved coordination with law enforcement, and expanded documentation of sexual violence on campus.
859:
participation of
English Learner students. Many of these letters have been controversial. For example, the school discipline letter has been criticized by Professor Gail Heriot (who sits on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and Alison Somin as both bad policy and beyond the scope of the powers of the Office for Civil Rights.
978:
In May 2024, OCR opened an investigation into Emory
University’s alleged discrimination against students with Palestinian, Muslim, or Arab ancestry. An 18-page complaint was filed on April 5 by students from the university in Atlanta and Georgia under title VI of the Civil Rights Act and is one of at
974:
In
November 2023, the Education Department released a new list of K-12 schools and colleges under investigation for incidents of antisemitism and Islamophobia, including Lafayette College, Cornell University, Columbia University, Wellesley College, University of Pennsylvania, and The Cooper Union for
746:
prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and national origin at federally funded post-secondary educational institutions. Although religion is not a protected characteristic in Title VI, there are cases of religious discrimination that also involve racial or ethnic discrimination. The
894:
Five Dear
Colleague letters focused primarily on Section 504 and ADA issues. These letters dealt with addressing the need for educational technology to be accessible; effective communication for students with hearing, vision, or speech disabilities; FAQs regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act
904:
The Civil Rights Data
Collection (CRDC) is a biennial data collection from all public schools in the country conducted by the OCR. The collection began in 1968 to collect data on leading civil rights indicators related to access and barriers to educational opportunity at the early childhood through
858:
Eight Dear
Colleague letters focused solely Title VI issues, covering topics such as voluntary consideration of race to avoid racial isolation in schools; avoiding immigration/citizenship status discrimination in the enrollment process; school discipline; and school obligations to ensure meaningful
991:
On
November 16, 2020, The University of Illinois, Jewish United Fund Chicago, Illini Hillel, Hillel International, Illini Chabad, Arnold & Porter, and the Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law announced a resolution agreement in response to a Title VI civil rights complaint filed
982:
In response to increases in discrimination complaints, on May 7, 2024, the Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (OCR) issued a Dear Colleague Letter: Protecting Students from Discrimination, such as Harassment, Based on Race, Color, or National Origin, Including Shared Ancestry or Ethnic
970:
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects against discrimination based on shared ancestry. This includes both antisemitism and Islamophobia. College students and K-12 parents have filed complaints against their schools for being discriminated against based on shared ancestry. The Education
862:
Seven Dear Colleague letters exclusively addressing a variety of Title IX topics such as sexual violence, pregnant and parenting students, the obligations of Title IX Coordinators, volunteer youth service organizations, compliance with Title IX's regulatory requirement to accommodate students’
920:
This list constitutes the first time the federal government has announced ongoing sexual violence investigations; previously investigations were known only to members of university and college communities. When announcing the schools under investigation, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights
739:
school districts may violate these civil rights statutes and the Department of Education's implementing regulations when peer harassment based on race, color, national origin, sex, or disability is sufficiently serious that it creates a hostile environment and such harassment is encouraged,
853:
The OCR issues "technical guidance" instructing K-12 schools and higher education institutions on how to comply with civil rights laws under its mandates. In 2001, the OCR interpreted Title IX obligations to include the prevention and punishment of on-campus sexual harassment. The Obama
979:
least six Title VI claims made regarding prejudicial treatment of Palestinian, Muslim, and Arab students on campuses. Other schools with complaints include Columbia, Rutgers, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.
1089:
parts 100, 104, and 106, when peer harassment based on race, color, national origin, sex, or disability is sufficiently serious that it creates a hostile environment and such harassment is encouraged, tolerated, not adequately addressed, or ignored by school
932:. Importantly, Lhamon continued, "a college or university's appearance on this list and being the subject of a Title IX investigation in no way indicates at this stage that the college or university is violating or has violated the law."
905:
grade 12 levels. The collection was formerly known as the Elementary and Secondary School Survey. The data collected is used by the OCR, Department of Education, education researchers, policymakers and scholars from many fields.
740:
tolerated, not adequately addressed, or ignored by school employees. Under these federal civil rights laws and regulations, students are protected from harassment by school employees, other students, and third parties.
642:
OCR is one of the largest federal civil rights agencies in the United States, with a staff of approximately 560 attorneys, investigators, and other staff. The agency can be found in twelve regional offices and in its
349:
1696:
647:
headquarters. The Office for Civil Rights is responsible for ensuring compliance by schools that are public entities or recipients of federal education funds with several federal civil rights laws, including:
2167:
1992:
2172:
925:
886:, issued jointly on May 13, 2016 with the Department of Justice, stating that both agencies regard Title IX's prohibition on sex discrimination to prohibit discrimination on the basis of a student's
554:
158:
1290:
1085:(Title II). Section 504 and Title II prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability. School districts may violate these civil rights statutes and the Department's implementing regulations,
463:
17:
2262:
162:
2252:
2096:
1241:
436:
234:
1749:
1163:
1985:
512:
458:
320:
950:
On July 2, 2014, the Office for Civil Rights added 12 colleges and universities to its list, on July 10, 2014 one more was added, and four more were named on July 30, 2014.
634:
laws prohibiting schools from engaging in discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, or membership in patriotic youth organizations.
921:
Catherine E. Lhamon suggested that "increased transparency will spur community dialogue about this important issue... and foster better public awareness of civil rights."
502:
167:
411:
2149:
490:
1697:"Princeton University Found in Violation of Title IX, Reaches Agreement with U.S. Education Department to Address, Prevent Sexual Assault and Harassment of Students"
605:
443:
339:
328:
895:
Amendments Act of 2008 and the broadened definition of "disability;" access to extracurricular activities and sports; and disability-based bullying and harassment.
1978:
536:
1801:
2194:
1855:
2116:
1908:
344:
268:
1822:
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2035:
1086:
687:
657:
401:
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334:
1449:
369:
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1934:
448:
426:
288:
172:
2062:
743:
652:
544:
495:
88:
1775:
2257:
1503:
1475:
1375:"The Department of Education's Obama-Era Initiative on Racial Disparities in School Discipline: Wrong for Students and Teachers, Wrong on the Law"
1082:
485:
431:
273:
129:
2199:
2100:
713:
540:
468:
251:
2231:
2111:
2001:
1324:
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548:
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298:
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187:
2105:
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1614:
774:
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386:
315:
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239:
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256:
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283:
224:
93:
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1341:
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507:
192:
182:
1645:
2058:
1450:"U.S. Department of Education Releases List of Higher Education Institutions with Open Title IX Sexual Violence Investigations"
917:
sexual violence investigations. As of 16 March 2015, nearly 100 colleges and universities were under investigation.
682:
244:
177:
1103:
1164:"'Unfinished Business': Biden Admin's New Actions Against Antisemitism Laudable But Not Enough, Expert Says - Algemeiner.com"
724:
591:
138:
18:
U.S. Department of Education Releases List of Higher Education Institutions with Open Title IX Sexual Violence Investigations
753:
who served as Assistant U.S. Secretary of Education for Civil Rights in two U.S. administrations and established in a 2004
1536:
214:
2136:
936:
627:
75:
2125:
1856:"Department of Education Issues Guidance for Title VI Compliance in Response to Increased Complaints - Jackson Lewis"
924:
The decision to release the names of universities and colleges under investigation was due to pressure from both the
1136:
929:
1559:
478:
310:
873:
Questions and Answers on Title IX and Single-Sex Elementary and Secondary Classes and Extracurricular Activities
1070:
958:
In November 2014, the Office for Civil Rights announced that it had found Princeton University in violation of
1291:"The Biden Administration National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism Reaffirms its Use of the IHRA Definition"
935:
There are critics of the list on both sides of campus anti-rape politics. Andrea Pino, a complainant against
698:
1650:
1053:
2157:
1401:
944:
940:
364:
354:
1214:
913:
On May 1, 2014, the Office for Civil Rights released a list of higher education institutions with open
1722:
835:
581:
416:
406:
359:
1750:"Search our database of Title VI discrimination investigations at schools and colleges since Oct. 7"
1002:
2144:
841:
823:
799:
381:
61:
1508:
811:
1622:
1830:
1723:"List of Open Title VI Shared Ancestry Investigations, Fiscal Year 2024 (beginning 10/1/2023)"
1592:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1320:
1111:
829:
749:
1909:"After federal investigation into antisemitism, University of Vermont agrees to make changes"
1618:
1531:
1480:
1073:(Title VI), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin;
644:
570:
48:
1189:
1564:
1264:"8 Federal Agencies For First Time Declare Civil Rights Act Protects Against Antisemitism"
887:
787:
736:
29:
U.S. Department of Education office responsible for preventing discrimination in education
1348:
1970:
971:
Department has launched 31 new investigations into these complaints since October 2023.
2022:
1956:
805:
115:
2246:
1420:"Key Changes Would Alter The Government's Massive Survey On Schools And Civil Rights"
863:
athletic interests and abilities, and Title IX protections for transgender students.
421:
1802:"Cornell and Columbia among 7 schools under scrutiny for antisemitism, Islamophobia"
2031:
770:
631:
1026:
101:
97:
1823:"Revealed: Emory University investigated over alleged anti-Muslim discrimination"
867:"Dear Colleague" Letter: Guidance on Addressing Sexual Harassment/Sexual Violence
660:
1961:
690:
728:
717:
706:
702:
675:
665:
1834:
1115:
1504:"55 Colleges Named in Federal Inquiry Into Handling of Sexual Assault Cases"
1027:"Catherine Lhamon, Assistant Secretary, Office for Civil Rights; Biography"
947:—violates the rights to due process for both institutions and individuals.
532:
854:
administration's OCR has been active in issuing such guidance, including:
565:
1939:
1806:
1074:
959:
914:
671:
1342:
US Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights Guidance: An Update
1215:"Title VI and Title IX Religious Discrimination in Schools and Colleges"
1003:
Inside the "Administrative State": The Enigmatic Office for Civil Rights
1340:
Borkowski, John W.; Samples, Elizabeth S.; Luningham, Katie Jo (2016).
1052:
Russlynn Ali, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (October 26, 2010).
2180:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans
2164:
White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
2177:
White House Initiative on American Indian and Alaska Native Education
769:
is the head of the OCR. The Assistant Secretary is also the primary
1104:"Wider Definition of Judaism Is Likely to Aid Crackdown on Colleges"
1965:
1077:(Title IX), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex;
1059:. United States Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights
2168:
White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
1974:
1137:"Education Department Backs Away From Anti-Semitism Safeguards"
767:
United States Assistant Secretary of Education for Civil Rights
2173:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics
926:
White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault
1962:
Oral History Interview with Peter Holms (Director, 1973)
2097:
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
1646:"Education Dept. opens Title IX investigation of Brown"
1402:"Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence"
1083:
Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
1317:
A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power
674:
of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 (in 34 C.F.R.
878:
Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence
1502:
Steinhauer, Jennifer; Joachim, David (May 1, 2014).
2213:
2187:
2135:
2081:
2044:
110:
81:
71:
54:
44:
39:
2220:Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance
1776:"4 More Colleges Face Civil Rights Investigations"
2150:Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education
1560:"55 Colleges Face Sexual Assault Investigations"
2263:Civil rights organizations in the United States
1883:"U of Illinois, Jewish Groups Reach Resolution"
2253:United States Department of Education agencies
1986:
1935:"College campus antisemitism hearing, take 2"
1615:"US Ed Dept adds 12 Schools to Title IX List"
1444:
1442:
1440:
1079:Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
884:Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students
599:
8:
2117:Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
1075:Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
34:
2205:National Assessment of Educational Progress
1242:"Fighting back against campus antisemitism"
1993:
1979:
1971:
606:
592:
123:
173:History of education in the United States
2063:National Center for Education Statistics
1400:Office of Civil Rights (April 4, 2011).
1071:Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
744:Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
653:Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
89:Department of Education Organization Act
1800:Quilantan, Bianca (November 17, 2023).
1476:"By making war, US unleashed mass rape"
1018:
630:that is primarily focused on enforcing
523:
297:
205:
150:
137:
2200:Education Resources Information Center
2112:Office of English Language Acquisition
2101:Rehabilitation Services Administration
1162:Algemeiner, The (September 29, 2023).
714:Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act
64:, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights
33:
2232:National Board for Education Sciences
2002:United States Department of Education
1418:Marshall, Alexis (October 19, 2019).
1246:Journal for the Study of Antisemitism
1240:Klaff, Lesley D. (December 1, 2011).
1102:Green, Erica L. (December 11, 2019).
198:History of education in New York City
188:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
2106:Office of Special Education Programs
2091:Office of Innovation and Improvement
1966:Oral Histories of the American South
1933:Quilantan, Bianca (April 15, 2024).
1373:Heriot, Gail; Somin, Alison (2018).
1188:Goldfeder, Mark (October 24, 2023).
1069:The statutes that enforces include
849:Guidance to educational institutions
838:(Acting) (August 2020-November 2021)
775:United States Secretary of Education
2227:National Assessment Governing Board
2121:Office of Safe and Healthy Students
1748:Lapin, Andrew (February 29, 2024).
1588:"On Sexual Harassment and Title IX"
1379:Texas Journal of Law & Politics
1289:Goldfeder, Mark (October 4, 2023).
780:Former Assistant Secretaries were:
2154:Office of Postsecondary Education
1319:. Simon and Schuster. p. 44.
25:
1644:Lamb, Katherine (July 23, 2014).
1586:Smith, Robert (August 30, 2014).
1474:Carroll, James (March 16, 2015).
2072:
1907:D'Auria, Peter (April 3, 2023).
1558:Kingkade, Tyler (July 1, 2014).
1315:Carter, Jimmy (March 25, 2014).
575:
564:
193:History of education in Missouri
183:History of education in Kentucky
2223:National Institute for Literacy
2059:Institute of Education Sciences
2017:(Education Department Building)
1957:Office for Civil Rights Website
817:Stephanie J. Monroe (2005–2008)
683:Americans with Disabilities Act
178:History of education in Chicago
2258:Education in the United States
1821:Pratt, Timothy (May 2, 2024).
1621:. July 2, 2014. Archived from
1530:Newman, Jonah; Sander, Libby.
966:Shared Ancestry investigations
909:Sexual violence investigations
826:(August 2013–January 2017). .
793:Harry M. Singleton (1982–1985)
747:“Marcus Doctrine,” named for
725:Age Discrimination Act of 1975
513:Full-service community schools
1:
2195:National Library of Education
2083:Deputy Secretary of Education
2036:Deputy Secretary of Education
1537:Chronicle of Higher Education
930:New Campus Anti-Rape Movement
796:LeGree S. Daniels (1987–1989)
116:ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr
2137:Under Secretary of Education
1454:U.S. Department of Education
1031:U.S. Department of Education
900:Civil Rights Data Collection
628:U.S. Department of Education
76:U.S. Department of Education
2126:Office of Migrant Education
491:For-profit higher education
2279:
1701:US Department of Education
1001:Melnick, R. Shep (2024). "
699:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
444:School corporal punishment
2214:Independent organizations
2070:
2008:
1754:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1190:"UPenn donors were right"
820:Russlynn Ali (2009–2012),
626:) is a sub-agency of the
479:School-to-work transition
1347:(Report). Archived from
987:Concluded investigations
954:Concluded investigations
880:, issued April 29, 2014.
582:United States portal
128:This article is part of
2054:Office for Civil Rights
1054:"Letter to a Colleague"
844:(November 2021-present)
832:(August 2018–July 2020)
784:Cynthia G. Brown (1980)
620:Office for Civil Rights
300:Education policy issues
269:Environmental education
35:Office for Civil Rights
2046:Secretary of Education
2027:Secretary of Education
2014:400 Maryland Avenue SW
1651:The Brown Daily Herald
1532:"Promise Unfulfilled?"
869:, issued April 4, 2011
437:Standards-based reform
412:Gender achievement gap
402:Racial achievement gap
335:Educational attainment
945:Dear colleague letter
755:Dear Colleague Letter
503:Research universities
370:Student financial aid
365:Graduate unemployment
340:Post-secondary issues
316:Primary and secondary
279:Mathematics education
1860:www.jacksonlewis.com
1625:on September 3, 2014
1270:. September 28, 2023
1194:eJewish Philanthropy
571:Education portal
407:Desegregation busing
360:Elite overproduction
289:Vocational education
2145:Federal Student Aid
1673:"30 July 2014 List"
1354:on January 17, 2018
1081:(Section 504); and
1033:. November 17, 2021
842:Catherine E. Lhamon
824:Catherine E. Lhamon
800:Michael L. Williams
697:Section 504 of the
524:Levels of education
496:For-profit colleges
464:Foreign involvement
62:Catherine E. Lhamon
36:
1774:Knott, Katherine.
1703:. November 5, 2014
1509:The New York Times
1221:. January 10, 2020
1168:www.algemeiner.com
1108:The New York Times
941:End Rape on Campus
939:and co-founder of
812:Gerald A. Reynolds
486:Community colleges
432:School segregation
350:Cost and financing
274:Language education
2240:
2239:
1881:Anderson, Greta.
1593:RealClearPolitics
1326:978-1-4767-7397-1
830:Kenneth L. Marcus
750:Kenneth L. Marcus
616:
615:
469:Special education
459:Sexual harassment
252:Medical education
206:Curriculum topics
142:
122:
121:
72:Parent department
16:(Redirected from
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1887:Inside Higher Ed
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1780:Inside Higher Ed
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1481:The Boston Globe
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1143:. March 29, 2006
1141:The New York Sun
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681:Title II of the
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645:Washington, D.C.
608:
601:
594:
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579:
578:
569:
568:
508:Community school
427:Racial diversity
397:Achievement gaps
301:
163:in insular areas
145:
141:Education in the
140:
124:
118:
55:Agency executive
49:Washington, D.C.
37:
21:
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1565:Huffington Post
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