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innovations as diptych, triptych and polyptych formats, and with training future masters of ukiyo-e. His work captured the world around him, particularly the kabuki theatre, with great clarity, and his style was a step forward. In addition, it was commercially successful, and thus freed woodblock prints from many of the restrictive canons which had limited previous generations of artists.
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The main criticisms of his works relate to his "predominantly imitative" style, and to the "marked decline" in the quality of works from later in his career. However, Toyokuni's style is admired for characteristics such as "decorative bombast", and "bold, taut designs". He is also credited with such
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His popularity and prolific output may in part have been his undoing, though. From 1803 through 1817, his work became more static, even as it became more popular. He continued to produce large quantities of prints, but the quality as a rule did not match that of his earlier days. Occasional prints
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From his accession to the name
Toyokuni in 1844, Kunisada consistently signed his works Toyokuni II, refusing to accept the legitimacy of his predecessor, Toyokuni II. He is, however, always referred to as Toyokuni III (Marks 2010,
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296:, but he had a host of students in his school. Indeed, so powerful was the Utagawa school after Toyokuni's time that almost every Japanese print artist of note either had one of these two characters in his
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He was born in Edo, the son of
Kurahashi Gorobei, a carver of dolls and puppets, including replicas of kabuki actors. At around 14, Toyokuni was apprenticed to the first head of the Utagawa house, Utagawa
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According to Marks, by the time of his death at age 57, Toyokuni had produced more than 90 print series, over 400 illustrated books, and several hundred single sheet prints. (2010, 96)
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Toyokuni seems not to have been an "intuitive genius" determined to forge a new path; rather, he seems to have studied intently those who came before him, particularly
124:. In recognition of his artistic ability, Toyokuni later took the name Utagawa Toyokuni, following the common practice of using one syllable of his master's name.
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Like most Edo period
Japanese artists, Toyokuni was known by several names throughout his lifetime, some sequentially and some concurrently.
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artists, and was the artist who elevated it to the position of great fame and power it occupied for the rest of the nineteenth century.
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135:. and through a great deal of hard work produced first a mastery, and then a synthesis of their styles, to create a style of his own.
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Today, Toyokuni is almost universally written using the characters 豊国. Each of the other kanji are no longer in common usage.
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ULAN (Union List of Artist Names Online). "Utagawa
Toyokuni". J. Paul Getty Trust. 2004. Accessed October 1, 2013.
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Lane, Richard. Images from the
Floating World of the Japanese Print. New York: Konecky & Konecky, 1978.
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actor portraits, a field which he took to new heights. He also, however, produced other genres such as
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Evaluations of him as an artist are somewhat mixed. Indeed, he himself is reported to have once said:
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Images of
Eighteenth Century Japan: Ukiyo-e Prints from the Sir Edmund Walker Collection
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Chiappa, J. Noel. "Utagawa
Toyokuni (1769–1825)". 2013. Accessed September 24, 2013.
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He was known mostly for his prints related to the kabuki theatre, in particular his
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character combinations, both by the artist himself and by those writing about him.
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Japanese
Woodblock Prints: Artists, Publishers and Masterworks 1680–1900.
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Ichikawa Omezō as a
Pilgrim and Ichikawa Yaozō as a Samurai (Toyokuni I)
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In addition, the name 'Toyokuni' has been transcribed through several
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68: – 24 February 1825 in Edo), also often referred to as
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Toyokuni's two major pupils were the woodblock print masters
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Kinokuniya
Sawamura Sojuro III as Ogishi Kurando, 1794
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Characters used to write Toyokuni: 豊国, 豊國, 豊圀, 豐國, 豐圀
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from this period, however, show his old brilliance.
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763:. Saint John, New Brunswick: MacMillan Press, 1978.
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369:Views of Elegant Geisha in Characteristic Poses
183:Ichikawa Komazo and Ichikawa Yaozo; circa 1800
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363:Sketches of Seven Elegant Paragons of Beauty
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95:. He was the second head of the renowned
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319:in turn. Kunisada is thus also known as
768:Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Art
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84:) after he died, was a great master of
782:. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1975.
754:Hotei Encyclopedia of Woodblock Prints
407:The poetess Ono-no Komachi in the rain
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805:artelino, short article on Toyokuni
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388:Udinotti Museum of Figurative Art
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284:Matsumoto Koshiro V; circa 1800s
1544:Not associated with any school
732:Utagawa Toyokuni und Seine Zeit
256:): Tokumyōin Jissaireigō Shinji
1538:List of Utagawa school members
443:List of Utagawa school members
88:, known in particular for his
72:, to distinguish him from the
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1994:influenced non-Japanese art
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868:Japanese woodblock printing
850:Ukiyo-e schools and artists
761:Ukiyo-e: Art for the People
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327:Retrospective observations
187:In his actor prints, like
156:erotica, and most notably
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1305:Shunkōsai Fukushū school
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1016:Ippitsusai Bunchō school
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752:Newland, Amy Reigle. Ed.
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770:. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1981.
734:(R. Piper, Munich, 1924)
357:Views of Actors on Stage
246:Posthumous Buddhist name
2005:Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)
419:Kabuki actors, ca. 1800
382:Collections and museums
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131:, Chōbunsai Eishi and
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1518:Utagawa Hiroshige III
873:List of ukiyo-e terms
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221:Childhood name (幼名 -
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74:members of his school
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2015:Anglo-Japanese style
1513:Utagawa Hiroshige II
1433:Utagawa Kunisada III
1299:Yanagawa Shigenobu I
1110:Keisai Eisen school
895:of 17–19th centuries
766:Tazawa, Yutaka. Ed.
749:Tokyo: Tuttle, 2010.
674:Waterhouse 1975, 200
574:Waterhouse 1975, 200
565:Waterhouse 1975, 200
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1448:Utagawa Toyokuni II
1428:Utagawa Kunisada II
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892:Schools and artists
778:Waterhouse, David.
375:Tomimoto the Geisha
2020:Post-Impressionism
1844:Shōzaburō Watanabe
1503:Utagawa Kuniteru I
1488:Utagawa Yoshitoshi
1468:Utagawa Yoshitsuya
1443:Utagawa Kunimasu I
1413:Utagawa Toyokuni I
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1309:Shunshosai Hokucho
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1099:Kawamata Tsuneyuki
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1000:Yanagawa Shigenobu
990:Katsushika Hokusai
980:Hishikawa Moronobu
759:Percival, Robert.
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1508:Utagawa Hiroshige
1498:Utagawa Yoshifusa
1493:Utagawa Yoshifuji
1473:Utagawa Yoshitora
1458:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
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1351:Torii Kiyomasu II
1341:Torii Kiyonobu II
1319:Shunbaisai Hokuei
1295:Shigenobu school
1289:Urakusai Nagahide
1264:Yanagawa Nobusada
1254:Shunbaisai Hokuei
1229:Shunkōsai Hokushū
1189:Ishikawa Toyonobu
1180:Nishimura school
1170:Nishikawa school
1084:Katsukawa Shunchō
1079:Katsukawa Shunsen
1074:Katsukawa Shun'ei
1069:Katsukawa Shunshō
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1030:Ishikawa Toyonobu
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1005:Yanagawa Nobusada
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930:Furuyama Moromasa
796:Media related to
730:Friedrich Succo,
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692:Newland 2005, 502
656:Newland 2005, 502
511:Newland 2005, 502
502:Percival 1978, 30
484:Percival 1978, 30
466:Percival 1978, 30
225:): Kumakichi (熊吉)
218:): Kurahashi (倉橋)
214:Family name (姓 -
169:Onoe Eisaburo I,
16:(Redirected from
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1976:Mochizuki school
1894:Tadashi Nakayama
1754:Yasuhide Kobashi
1693:Takahashi Shōtei
1578:Kobayashi Eitaku
1528:Utagawa Sadafusa
1523:Utagawa Hirokage
1483:Utagawa Yoshiiku
1463:Ryusai Shigeharu
1453:Utagawa Kuniyasu
1438:Utagawa Sadahide
1423:Utagawa Kunisada
1418:Utagawa Kunimasa
1408:Utagawa Toyohiro
1403:Utagawa Toyoharu
1382:Toyohara school
1346:Torii Kiyomasu I
1336:Torii Kiyonobu I
1280:Ryūkōsai school
1204:Okumura Masanobu
1164:Miyagawa Shunsui
1154:Miyagawa Chōshun
1150:Miyagawa school
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1120:Kitagawa school
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1194:Suzuki Harunobu
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1042:Kaigetsudō Ando
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270:
269:
258:
257:
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233:
226:
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207:
204:
133:Eishōsai Chōki
108:
105:
97:Utagawa school
24:
14:
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10:
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2:
2092:
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2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Impressionism
2008:
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1952:Nanpin school
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1899:Fujio Yoshida
1897:
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1874:Tadashige Ono
1872:
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1859:Suwa Kanenori
1857:
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1854:Tōshi Yoshida
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1814:Saitō Kiyoshi
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1804:Kōshirō Onchi
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1220:Osaka school
1219:
1215:
1214:Ōoka Shunboku
1212:
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1199:
1195:
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1140:Kitao school
1139:
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1018:
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1010:Totoya Hokkei
1008:
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1003:
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995:Katsushika Ōi
993:
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935:
931:
928:
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921:
918:
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911:Eishi school
910:
906:
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59:
55:
49:
44:
38:
34:
30:
29:Japanese name
19:
2031:Ligne claire
2029:
1997:
1991:
1980:
1971:Shijō school
1963:
1956:
1947:Kyoto school
1922:Rinpa school
1824:Toko Shinoda
1794:Tetsuya Noda
1722:Sosaku-hanga
1720:
1719:
1658:Hasui Kawase
1634:
1633:
1625:20th century
1533:Adachi Ginkō
1326:Torii school
1210:Ōoka school
1114:Keisai Eisen
790:
779:
767:
760:
753:
746:
731:
724:
706:
697:
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
642:
637:Chiappa 2013
633:
624:
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588:
579:
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547:Chiappa 2013
543:
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507:
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493:Chiappa 2012
489:
480:
475:Chiappa 2013
471:
462:
374:
368:
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349:
347:
344:Print series
338:
330:
321:Toyokuni III
308:
306:
297:
287:
271:
259:
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239:
229:
222:
215:
209:
197:
193:
186:
157:
151:
145:
139:
137:
126:
110:
93:actor prints
77:
69:
53:
52:
36:
2060:1825 deaths
2055:1769 births
2025:Art Nouveau
1937:Hara school
1932:Akita ranga
1927:Kanō school
1869:Reika Iwami
1764:Masao Maeda
1744:Itow Takumi
1678:Ohara Koson
1648:Itō Shinsui
1568:Ogata Gekkō
1558:Sawa Sekkyō
1249:Hirosada II
960:Shiba Kōkan
300:, or, like
198:He died in
174: 1800
2049:Categories
1636:Shin-hanga
1616:Yokohama-e
1611:Nagasaki-e
1606:Kamigata-e
1244:Hirosada I
454:References
371:(ca. 1801)
365:(ca. 1800)
359:(ca. 1793)
348:Here is a
302:Yoshitoshi
70:Toyokuni I
64:; 1769 in
1999:Japonisme
1774:Maki Haku
1599:By region
1274:Yoshitaki
1129:Tsukimaro
628:ULAN 2004
610:ULAN 2004
313:Toyoshige
294:Kuniyoshi
236:Art names
141:yakusha-e
122:Hiroshige
107:Biography
1259:Kunimasu
1234:Ashiyuki
437:See also
290:Kunisada
159:bijin-ga
118:Toyohiro
114:Toyoharu
82:art-name
58:Japanese
48:Kunisada
27:In this
1992:Ukiyo-e
1965:Nihonga
1910:Related
1885:Others
1553:Sharaku
1269:Shunshi
863:Ukiyo-e
856:General
394:Gallery
252:/ 法名 -
189:Sharaku
147:musha-e
129:Utamaro
86:ukiyo-e
37:Utagawa
33:surname
2065:Kabuki
276:Pupils
250:kaimyō
248:(戒名 -
230:tsūshō
153:shunga
90:kabuki
31:, the
1958:Nanga
647:120).
262:kanji
254:hōmyō
238:(号 -
223:yōmyō
206:Names
1982:Yōga
350:very
307:His
292:and
62:歌川豊国
216:sei
200:Edo
99:of
66:Edo
35:is
2051::
323:.
309:gō
298:gō
240:gō
171:c.
162:.
78:gō
60::
843:e
836:t
829:v
80:(
56:(
39:.
20:)
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