Ute people - Knowledge (XXG)

2508: 2525: 41: 2577: 2561: 648: 2549: 2398:. The Southern Ute Tribe is financially successful, having a casino for revenue generation. The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe generates revenues through gas and oil, mineral sales, casinos, stock raising, and a pottery industry. The tribes make some money on tourism and timber sales. Artistic endeavors include basketry and beadwork. The annual household income is well below that of their non-Native neighbors. Unemployment is high on the reservation, in large part due to discrimination, and half of the tribal members work for the government of the United States or the tribe. 1492: 522: 1456:

they also traded meat, buffalo robes and Indian and Spanish captives taken by the Comanche. The Utes traded their goods for cloth, blankets, guns, horses, maize, flour, and ornaments. A number of Ute learned Spanish through trading. The Spanish "seriously guarded" trade with the Utes, limiting it to annual caravans, but by 1750 they were reliant on the trade with the Utes, their deerskin being a highly sought commodity. The Utes also traded in slaves, women and children captives from Apache, Comanche, Paiute and Navajo tribes.

461: 1556:, but the Ute generally did not - the Southern Utes developed such societies late, and soon lost them in reservation life. Warriors were exclusively men but women often followed behind war parties to help gather loot and sing songs. Women also performed the Lame Dance to symbolize having to pull or carry heavy loads of loot after a raid. The Utes used a variety of weapons including bows, spears and buffalo-skin shields, as well as rifles, shotguns and pistols which were obtained through raiding or trading. 50: 2362:

the land, which also was a forced vocational change. Some tribes, like the Uintah and Uncompahgre were given arable land, while others were allocated land that was not suited to farming and they resisted being forced to farm. The White River Utes were the most resentful and protested in Washington, D.C. The Weeminuches successfully implemented a shared property system from their allotted land. Utes were forced to perform manual labor, relinquish their horses, and send their children to

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Gathering Company, which owns and operates natural gas pipelines in and near the reservation. The tribe also owns the Red Willow Production Company, which began as a natural gas production company on the reservation. It has expanded to explore for and produce oil and natural gas in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and in the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. Red Willow has offices in

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number of Utes after they were relocated to reservations, in the mid-20th century the population began to increase. This is partly because many people have returned to reservations, including those who left to attain college educations and careers. By 1990, there were about 7,800 Utes, with 2,800 living in cities and towns and 5,000 on reservations.

1926: 584: 670:. At a site near natural springs, which may have held spiritual significance, the Ute left petroglyphs in rock along with rock art by the earlier peoples. Some of the images are estimated to be more than 900 years old. The Utes petroglyphs were made after the Utes acquired horses, because they show men hunting while on horseback. 2560: 2435:. Traditionally, Utes relied on medicine men for their physical and spiritual health, but it has become a dying occupation. Spiritual leaders have emerged that perform ceremonies previously performed by medicine men, like sweat ceremonies, one of the oldest spiritual ceremonies of the Utes, performed in a 2778:

The Ute were estimated at 6,000 in New Mexico in year 1846 (and also 6,000 in 1854), 7,000 in Colorado in year 1866 and 13,050 in Utah in 1867, for a total of around 26,050 in the mid-19th century. In 1868 it was reported that 5,000 Ute lived on the Colorado reservation. Later Ute population declined

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The Southern Utes are the wealthiest of the tribes. The Tribe holds a triple A credit rating with all three primary rating agencies. Oil & gas, and real estate leases, plus various off-reservation financial and business investments, have contributed to their success. The tribe owns the Red Cedar

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In 1637, the Spanish fought with the Utes, 80 of whom were captured and enslaved. Three people escaped with horses. Their lifestyle changed with the acquisition of horses by 1680. They became more mobile, more able to trade, and better able to hunt large game. Ute culture changed dramatically in ways

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Men and women wore woven and leather clothing and rabbit skin robes. They wore their hair long or in braids. Parents provided some input, but people decided who they would take as spouses. Men could have multiple wives, and divorce was common and easy. There were restrictions for menstruating women

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Medicine women used up to 300 plants to treat ailments. Pine pitch or split cactus was used to treat sores or wounds. Sage leaves were used for colds. Sage tea and powdered obsidian for sore eyes. Teas were made from various plants to treat stomachaches. Grass was used to stop bleeding. The Ute use

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Native Americans have been using ceremonial pipes for thousands and years, and the traditional pipes have been used in sacred Ute ceremonies that are conducted by a medicine person or spiritual leader. The pipe symbolizes the Ute's connection to the creator and their existence on Earth. They conduct

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People lived in extended family groups of about 20 to 100 people. They traveled to seasonally-specific camps. In the spring and summer, family groups hunted and gathered food. The men hunted buffalo, antelope, elk, deer, bear, rabbit, sage hens, and beaver using arrows, spears and nets. They smoked

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were the only Utes to cultivate food. Some western groups ate reptiles and lizards. Some southeastern groups planted corn and some encouraged the growth of wild tobacco. Implements were made of wood, stone, and bone. Skin bags and baskets were used to carry goods. There is evidence that pottery was

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Prior to living on reservations, Utes shared land with other tribal members according to a traditional societal property system. Instead of recognizing this lifestyle, the U.S. government provided allotments of land, which was larger for families than for single men. The Utes were intended to farm

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first became acquainted with the Utes along the White River in northwestern Colorado in the fall of 1868. During his expedition five years later, his photographer, Jack Hillers, captured this photograph of a young girl accompanied by a warrior, whose body, painted with yellow and black stripes, is

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and couples who were pregnant. Children were encouraged to be industrious through several rituals. When someone died, that person was buried in their best clothes with their head facing east. Their possessions were generally destroyed and their horses either had their hair cut or they were killed.

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were also sacred and Ute and other tribes came to the area, spent winters there, and "share in the gifts of the waters without worry of conflict." Artifacts found from the nearby Garden of the Gods, such as grinding stones, "suggest the groups would gather together after their hunt to complete the

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of 1934. Elections are held to select tribal council members. The Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Utes received a total of $ 31 million in a land claims settlement. The Ute Mountain Tribe used their money, including what they earned from mineral leases, to invest in tourist related and other

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in the US – covering over 4,500,000 acres (18,000 km) of land. Tribal owned lands only cover approximately 1.2 million acres (4,855 km) of surface land and 40,000 acres (160 km) of mineral-owned land within the 4 million acres (16,185 km) reservation area. Founded in

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The Utes were skilled warriors who specialized in horse mounted combat. War with neighboring tribes was mostly fought for gaining prestige, stealing horses, and revenge. Men would organize themselves into war parties made up of warriors, medicine men, and a war chief who led the party. To prepare

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beginning in the 1670s, in northern New Mexico beginning in the early 1700s, and in Ute villages in what is now western Colorado and eastern Utah. The Utes, the main trading partners of the Spanish residents of New Mexico, were known for their soft, high quality tanned deer skins, or chamois, and

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Beaded Pipebag. This pipebag— made from brain-tanned mule-deer hide, glass trade beads, and eagle bone—incorporates the sacred symbols of the Ute: the blue fire, the yellow fire, the green of the earth, and the hail of the thunder beings; motifs of the turtle (earth) and moccasin (home), and the

2278:. The Sky Ute Casino and its associated entertainment and tourist facilities, together with tribally operated Lake Capote, draw tourists. It hosts the Four Corners Motorcycle Rally each year. The Ute operate KSUT, the major public radio station serving southwestern Colorado and the Four Corners. 2373:

There was a dramatic reduction in the Ute population, partly attributed to Utes moving off the reservation or resisting being counted. In the early 19th century, there were about 8,000 Utes, and there were only about 1,800 tribe members in 1920. Although there was a significant reduction in the

1468:. They also became involved in the horse and slave trades and respected warriors. Horse ownership and warrior skills developed while riding became the primary status symbol within the tribe and horse racing became common. With greater mobility, there was increased need for political leadership. 1441:

and Western Shoshone peoples. There was so much intermarriage with the Paiute, that territorial borders of the Utes and the Southern Paiutes are difficult to ascertain in southeast Utah. Until the Ute acquired horses, any conflict with other tribes was usually defensive. They had generally poor

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watershed of New Mexico. Some Ute bands stayed near their home domains, while others ranged further away seasonally. Hunting grounds extended further into Utah and Colorado, as well as into Wyoming, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Winter camps were established along rivers near the present-day

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rawhide, which they filled with clear quartz crystals collected from the mountains of Colorado and Utah. When the rattles were shaken at night during ceremonies, the friction and mechanical stress of the quartz crystals banging together produced flashes of light which partly shone through the

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The Ute language is still spoken on the reservation. Housing is generally adequate and modern. There are annual performance of the Bear and Sun dances. All tribes have scholarship programs for college educations. Alcoholism is a significant problem at Ute Mountain, affecting nearly 80% of the

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Hunting and gathering groups of extended families were led by older members by the mid-17th century. Activities, like hunting buffalo and trading, may have been organized by band members. Chiefs led bands when structure was required with the introduction of horses to plan for defense, buffalo

608:(650 to 1200) and Utes. The Fremont art reflect an interest in agriculture, including corn stalks and use of light at different times of the year to show a planting calendar. Then there are images of figures holding shields, what appear to be battle victims, and spears. These were seen by the 4161:"Treaty between the United States of America and the Tabeguache Band of Utah Indians, concluded October 7, 1863; Ratification advised, with Amendments, by the Senate, March 25, 1864; Amendments assented to, October 8, 1864; Proclaimed by the President of the United States, December 14, 1864" 1860:

A reservation was also established in 1868 in Colorado. Indian agents tried to get the Utes to farm, which would be a change in lifestyle and what they believed would lead to certain starvation due to evidence of previous crop failures. Their lands were whittled away until only the modern

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changed their lifestyle dramatically, affecting mobility, hunting practices, and tribal organization. Once primarily defensive warriors, they became more like the Europeans as adept horsemen who used horses to raid other tribes. Certain prestige within the community was based upon a man's

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Uncompahgre Ute Salmon Alabaster Ceremonial Pipe. Ute pipe styles are similar to those of the Plains Indians, with notable differences. Ute pipes are thicker and use shorter pipestems than the Plains style, and more closely resemble the pipe styles of their Northern neighbors, the

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themselves for battle Ute warriors would often fast, participate in sweat lodge ceremonies, and paint their faces and horses for special symbolic meanings. The Utes were master horsemen and could execute daring maneuvers on horseback while in battle. Most plains Indians had

1527:, the Utes remained close to their ancestral homeland. The south and eastern Utes also raided Native Americans in New Mexico, Southern Paiutes and Western Shoshones, capturing women and children and selling them as slaves in exchange for Spanish goods. They fought with 2014:. On February 23, 1865, President Lincoln signed "An Act to extinguish the Indian Title to Lands in the Territory of Utah suitable for agricultural and mineral Purposes", expropriating Indian lands in the Territory of Utah outside of the Uinta Valley Reservation. 580:. From Ute Pass, Utes journeyed eastward to hunt buffalo. They spent winters in mountain valleys where they were protected from the weather. The North and Middle Parks of present-day Colorado were among favored hunting grounds, due to the abundance of game. 2779:

rapidly. The census of 1890 counted only 2,839 (1,854 in Utah and 985 in Colorado), Indian Affairs 1900 reported 2,694 (1,699 in Utah and 995 in Colorado) and in 1910 there were about 2,658 (1,472 in Utah, 815 in Colorado and 371 in South Dakota).

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lifestyle. The Ute occupied much of the present state of Colorado by the 1600s. The Comanches from the north joined them in eastern Colorado in the early 1700s. In the 19th century, the Arapaho and Cheyenne invaded southward into eastern Colorado.

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Utes have believed that all living things possess supernatural power. A medicine person (the term shaman was not used among Native people in North America, it being a Siberian term), people of any gender receive power from dreams and some take

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Wars with settlers began about the 1850s when Ute children were captured in New Mexico and Utah by Anglo-American traders and sold in New Mexico and California. The rush of Euro-American settlers and prospectors into Ute country began with

1853:(1853–54). By the mid-1870s, the Utes had been moved onto a reservation, less than 9% of its former land. The Utes found it to be very inhospitable and they tried to continue hunting and gathering off the reservation. In the meantime, the 710: 1576:. Native Americans also traded at annual trade fairs in New Mexico, which were also ceremonial and social events lasting up to ten days or more. They involved the trading of skins, furs, foods, pottery, horses, clothing, and blankets. 2005:

On May 5, 1864, President Lincoln signed "An Act to vacate and sell the present Indian Reservations in Utah Territory, and to settle the Indians of said Territory in the Uinta Valley", unilaterally removing all Indians in the

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which primarily lies in Colorado, but extends to Utah and New Mexico (2,000 members). The majority of Ute live on these reservations with limited resources compared to their original lands, although some reside off-reservation.

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also became enemies of the Plains Indians by about 1840. Some Ute bands fought against the Spanish and Pueblos with the Jicarilla Apache and the Comanche. The Ute were sometimes friendly but sometimes hostile to the Navajo.

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A Northern Ute ceremonial knife made from white quartz and Western cedar wood. These knives were used to cut the umbilical cord of a newborn infant or to harvest sweetgrass and other sacred herbs for ceremonies.

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The first encounter between the Utes and the Spanish occurred before 1620, perhaps as early as 1581 when they knew about the high quality deerskin produced by the Utes. They traded with the Spanish in the

2469:. It is common for people to see Christianity and Native American spirituality as complementary beliefs, rather that believing that they have to pick either Christianity or Native American spirituality. 240:

of Utes. Although they generally operated in family groups for hunting and gathering, the communities came together for ceremonies and trading. Many Ute bands were culturally influenced by neighboring

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is an important traditional spiritual event, feast, and means of asserting their Native American identity. It is held mid-summer. Each spring the Ute (Northern and Southern) hold their traditional

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region. Twelve ranches are held by tribal land trusts rather than family allotments. The tribe holds fee patent on 40,922.24 acres in Utah and Colorado. The 553,008 acre reservation borders the

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shaved beaver hide painting, made by trapping beavers and shaving images into the stretched and cured hides. They have used these paintings to decorate their personal and ceremonial dwellings.

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lifestyle, summers were spent in the Pikes Peak area mountains, which was considered by other tribes to be the domain of the Utes. Pikes Peak was a sacred ceremonial area for the band. The

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It is believed that this Numic group originated near the present-day border of Nevada and California, then spread North and East. By about 1000, there were hunters and gatherers in the

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Utes produced beadwork over centuries. They obtained glass beads and other trade items from early trading contact with Europeans and rapidly incorporated their use into their objects.

6114: 5758: 6157: 612:(1776). Utes left images of firearms and horses in the 1800s. The Crook's Brand Site depicts a horse with a brand from George Crook's regiment during the Indian Wars of the 1870s. 5677: 5341: 5312: 2199: 1078: 814: 633: 5217:

Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Utes and Richard Henry Pratt

2648:, is a story about a Ute boy growing up on a reservation after his parents die, and becoming a rodeo sensation. A film adaptation by the same name was released in 1972. 5494: 4396: 415:, left the Numic homeland first, based on language changes, and that the Central and then the Western subgroups spread out toward the east and north, sometime later. 6332: 4477: 4338: 4257: 4214: 678:

The culture of the Utes was influenced by the invasion of neighboring Native American tribes. The eastern Utes had many traits of Plain Indians, and they lived in

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crystals to generate light, likely hundreds of years before the modern world recognized the phenomenon. The Ute constructed special ceremonial rattles made from

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of 1776 and French trappers passing through the area or establishing trading posts beginning in the 1810s. The French expedition recorded meeting members of the

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The Ute were divided into several nomadic and closely associated bands, which today mostly are organized as the Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Ute Tribes.

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enterprises in the 1950s. In 1954, a group of mixed blood Utes were legally separated from the Northern Utes and called the Affiliated Ute Citizens. Since the

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On March 6, 1880, leaders of the seven bands of the Ute Nation signed the Ute Agreement of 1880 at Washington, D.C. The Agreement called for the

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Territory from Treaty of 1868, relinquishing land east of the Contintental Divide, including Pikes Peak and San Luis Valley sacred and hunting grounds

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translucent buffalo hide. These rattles were believed to call spirits into Ute ceremonies, and were considered extremely powerful religious objects.

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influenced the southeastern Utes. All groups also lived in structures 10–15 feet in diameter that were made of conical pole-frames and brush, and

4281:"Treaty between the United States of America and the Tabeguache, Muache, Capote, Weeminuche, Tampa, Grand River, and Uintah Bands of Ute Indians" 3477: 1937:

1848, the United States made a series of treaties with the Ute and executive orders that ultimately culminated with relocation to reservations:

6379: 5744: 40: 4190:"An Act to vacate and sell the present Indian Reservations in Utah Territory, and to settle the Indians of said Territory in the Uinta Valley" 609: 6143: 6119: 5705: 5281: 5164: 5149: 5134: 5033: 5006: 4979: 4934: 4907: 4797: 4770: 4701: 4655: 4574: 4101: 4018: 3977: 3931: 3906: 3837: 3795: 3743: 3719: 3613: 3524: 3407: 3287: 3155: 3028: 2939: 2821: 1976: 1954: 1894: 392: 252: 241: 203: 199: 5258: 2488:

The Uncompahgre Ute Indians from central Colorado are one of the first documented groups of people in the world known to use the effect of

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pipe ceremonies during events were different people come together. For instance, they conducted a pipe ceremony at an Interfaith event in

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in 2016 in recognition for its ancestral and cultural significance to several Native American tribes, including the Utes. Members of the

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The William E. Hewitt Institute for History and Social Science Education. University of Northern Colorado. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

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Christianity was picked up by some Ute from missionaries of the Presbyterian and Catholic churches. Some Northern Utes accepted

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are descendants of the Weeminuche band, who moved to the western end of the Southern Ute Reservation in 1897. (They were led by

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in Utah. Raising stock and oil and gas leases are important revenue streams for the reservation. The tribe is a member of the

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The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado

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The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado

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Occasionally members of Ute bands met up to trade, intermarry, and practice ceremonies, like the annual spring Bear Dance.

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Distribution of Uto-Aztecan languages in present-day Western United States at the time of first European contact/invasion

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An Uncompahgre Ute Buffalo rawhide ceremonial rattle filled with quartz crystals. The rattle produces flashes of light (

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In addition to their ancestral lands within Colorado and Utah, their historic hunting grounds extended into current-day

3200: 6403: 5401: 4448: 4426: 4309: 4287: 4228: 4185: 2598: 2218: 1934: 1583:. After initial settlement by the Mormons, as they moved south to the Wasatch Front, Utes were pushed off their land. 914: 595: 256: 2342:. The White Mesa Community of Utah (near Blanding) is part of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe but is largely autonomous. 1503:

After the Utes acquired horses, they started to raid other Native American tribes. While their close relatives, the

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and colonists in the mid-1800s, the Utes were increasingly pressured or killed and then eventually forced off their

2663: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1718: 1713: 1706: 1310: 726:. Women processed and stored the meat and gathered greens, berries, roots, yampa, pine nuts, yucca, and seeds. The 510: 5700: 4496:"Constitution and Bylaws of the Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah" 3266:. The Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce, Visitors Bureau & Office of Economic Development. 2013. p. 6. 2378: 1573: 637: 573: 306:

Few Ute people are left, and they now primarily live in Utah and Colorado, within three Ute tribal reservations:

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for stomach and bowel troubles. Cedar and sage were used in purification ceremonies conducted in sweat lodges.

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The Utes came to inhabit a large area including most of Utah, western and central Colorado, and south into the

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Multiple bands of Utes that were classified as Uintahs by the U.S. government when they were relocated to the

690:, and they lived year-round in domed willow houses. Weeminuches lived in willow houses during the summer. The 5192: 4130: 1531:, including the Comanche, who had previously been allies. The name "Comanche" is from the Ute word for them, 5478: 3143: 2827: 2670: 2423: 1682: 1677: 553: 5207: 521: 460: 6079: 5879: 5798: 5710: 5683: 5445: 5380: 4786:

Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).

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Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).

2686:(2019), a gang formed by Utes play a prominent role in the film as a rival cartel to the main antagonists. 2451: 2311: 2299: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2060: 1950: 1874: 1692: 1687: 1641: 1276: 846: 629: 506: 315: 156: 140: 4543: 2534:

beaded horse bag, which has been used to hold sacred religious totems, pipes, and carvings, sometimes an

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is another source of spiritual life for some Ute, where followers believe that "God reveals Himself in

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There was continued pressure by the Mormons to push the Utah Utes off their land. This resulted in the

49: 5105: 2447:, which was used to strengthen social ties and for courtship. It is one of the oldest Ute ceremonies. 1846:. The Ute allied with the United States and Mexico in its war with the Navajo during the same period. 279:

with the United States government to preserve their lives and some of their land, but were eventually

6043: 6004: 5624: 5591: 4453:"An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians" 3488: 2899:"American Indian, Alaska Native Tables from the Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2004–2005" 2813: 2742: 2640: 2482: 2458:." The church integrates Native American rituals with Christianity beliefs. One of the followers was 2183: 1777: 667: 652: 2782:

Ute population has rebounded during the 20th and 21st centuries, the census of 2020 counted 15,119.

1810: 1385:. There are also other half-Ute bands, some of whom migrated seasonally far from their home domain. 6398: 6340: 6326: 6089: 6033: 5999: 5915: 5537: 5370: 5365: 5244: 3853: 2567: 2489: 2366:. Almost half of the children sent to boarding school in Albuquerque died in the mid-1880s, due to 2175: 2163: 2118:

An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians

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where other Native Americans went for treaty but were slaughtered by US forces (1865–72), and the

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The Ute people traded with Europeans by the early 19th century including at encampments in the

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Oil and Gas Development on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation: Environmental Impact Statement

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and sun-dried the meat, and also ate it fresh. They also fished in fresh water sources, like

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and Mexico. The name of the language family was created to show that it includes both the

361: 300: 5094:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 477–478. 4762: 1893:

Delegation of Ute Indians in Washington, D.C., in 1880. Background: Woretsiz and general

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In Utah, Utes began to be impacted by European-American contact with the 1847 arrival of

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When the grass stood stirrup-high: facts, photographs and myths of West-Central Colorado

3690: 2120:, expropriating the lands of the Parianuche, Tabeguache, and Yamparica Utes in Colorado. 206:. They had lived in sovereignty for several hundred years in the regions of present-day 6360: 6305: 6014: 5976: 5961: 5946: 5597: 5325: 5320: 5226: 5074: 3136: 2799: 2756: 2750: 2497: 2275: 2210: 1636: 1528: 1508: 1438: 1218: 1162: 1088: 1066: 984: 971: 961: 818: 771: 759: 663: 605: 432: 377: 280: 260:

horsemanship (tested during horse races), as well as the number of horses a man owned.

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area, which was followed in 1879 by the loss of most of the remaining land after the "

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in which the Utes tried to regain control of their lands with warring tactics (1879).

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hunting, and raiding. Bands came together for tribal activities by the 18th century.

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and have received explicit permission from the Ute tribe to continue using the name.

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of power. The objects were associated and used in private prayer and family rituals.

1433:

who shared much of the same territory and intermarried. They also intermarried with

536:

Aside from their home domain, there were sacred places in present-day Colorado. The

6285: 6058: 5994: 5951: 5938: 5900: 5843: 5642: 5054: 2682: 2627: 2432: 2367: 2339: 2319: 2206: 1540: 1471:

During this time, few people entered Ute territory. Exceptions to this include the

1465: 1414: 1318: 1062: 1047: 975: 941: 901: 767: 411:

peoples. Some ethnologists postulate that the Southern Numic speakers, the Ute and

144: 128: 4952:

1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 32)

1917: 1861:

reservations were left: a large cession of land in 1873 transferred the gold-rich

287:. A few of the key tribal land defensive conflicts during this period include the 4964: 4755: 3901:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 27, 40–41, 45, 65, 67, 70–71. 3331: 2898: 6310: 6278: 6246: 6206: 5585: 5567: 5286: 2736: 2645: 2436: 2419: 1968: 1906: 1902: 1406: 1382: 1129: 1027: 1023: 905: 699: 494: 388: 4495: 2394:

All Ute reservations are involved in oil and gas leases and are members of the

255:, such as the Spanish, the Ute formed trading relationships. The theft and the 6268: 6196: 6191: 5636: 5388: 5330: 5177: 4415: 4276: 2885: 2835: 2789: 2674: 2603: 2444: 2295: 2291: 2236: 2232: 2222: 2117: 2037: 2026: 2018: 1850: 1699: 1306: 1286: 1244: 1207: 1151: 1118: 1099: 1000: 940:

Upper Sevier River Valley in central Utah, in the Otter Creek region south of

842: 838: 826: 795: 791: 787: 779: 775: 763: 621: 541: 537: 444: 408: 288: 230: 160: 5231: 5221: 4611: 3309: 391:

of Uto-Aztecan ethnicity that are believed to have been the ancestors of the

267:

beyond the Spanish-colonized southwest began to be settled by white European

6261: 6211: 6063: 5579: 5573: 5450: 3451:"Obama Designates Two New National Monuments, Protecting 1.65 Million Acres" 3225: 2850: 2730: 2724: 2656: 2466: 2440: 1889: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1663: 1504: 1422: 1394: 1058: 1019: 723: 695: 268: 245: 3644: 2410: 376:(Uto) dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California, along the 5157:

Troubled Trails: The Meeker Affair and the Expulsion of Utes from Colorado

3322: 3320: 3045:

A Prehistory of Western North America, The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages

2880: 17: 6221: 5833: 5779: 5769: 5630: 5561: 5409: 2626:

was also used as a medicine by the Utes. There were many plants found in

2584: 2072: 1617: 1512: 1476: 683: 473: 424: 416: 396: 222: 211: 164: 5075:"Cold Pursuit movie review & film summary (2019) | Roger Ebert" 3854:"Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado (Chapter 5)" 1165:(previously called the Grand River) in western Colorado and eastern Utah 709: 6365: 6355: 6345: 6251: 6201: 6177: 6168: 5823: 5603: 5531: 5414: 2762: 2746: 2709:, Ouray's wife and Ute delegate to negotiations with federal government 2706: 2386:, the Utes control the police, courts, credit management, and schools. 2330:, and the Southern Ute Reservation. The Ute Mountain Tribal Park abuts 2262:. The area around the Southern Ute Indian reservation are the hills of 2214: 1910: 1516: 1480: 1374: 930: 890: 830: 822: 755: 751: 727: 420: 292: 226: 218: 95: 5197: 4612:"Four Corners Motorcycle Rally – Labor Day Weekend – Ignacio Colorado" 1925: 904:

towards the Nevada border along the Sevier River in the desert around

636:

sit on a five-tribe coalition to help co-manage the monument with the

5525: 2623: 2535: 2493: 2459: 2455: 2402:

population. The age expectancy there was 40 years of age as of 2000.

2287: 1941:

On December 30, 1849, Quixiachigiate and 27 other chiefs of the

1544: 1434: 1418: 1351: 1339: 834: 799: 687: 404: 276: 4586: 583: 6300: 3759: 2602: 2539: 2409: 1924: 1916: 1888: 1520: 1490: 745: 708: 679: 646: 582: 520: 459: 436: 351: 237: 3065:

Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

2202:(Northern Ute Tribe) consists of the following groups of people: 6256: 6216: 3377: 2002:. Unfortunately, this included land occupied by the Capote Utes. 1429:

peoples for woven blankets. The Utes were close allies with the

1426: 477: 400: 207: 107: 6139: 5740: 5240: 5202: 5187: 5142:

As If the Land Owned Us: An Ethnohistory of the White Mesa Utes

4688:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

3784:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

3015:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

1589: 5123:

Being and Becoming Ute: The Story of an American Indian People

5106:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Ute People in the US" 4694:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

4567:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.

4013:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 40–41, 46. 3829:

Across the Northern Frontier: Spanish Explorations in Colorado

3787:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

3516:

Roadside Guide to Indian Ruins & Rock Art of the Southwest

3021:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

2699:, son of Chief San-Pitch and noted War leader during the Utah 2518:

symbol of the red fire and the bear, sacred animal of the Ute.

2384:

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975

2036:

On September 13, 1873, leaders of the seven bands of the

604:, or painted canyon, is a prehistoric site with rock art from 447:—share many cultural, genetic and linguistic characteristics. 5236: 5188:

Ute Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Agency (Northern Ute Tribe)

3811:

Bradford, David; Reed, Floyd; LeValley, Robbie Baird (2004).

3138:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples

187: 3667: 3665: 2029:

in the western portion of the Territory of Colorado and the

702:

were similarly built. Lodging also included hide tepees and

4516: 1585: 3712:

Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin

1933:

Following acquisition of Ute territory from Mexico by the

3328:"The First People of the Cañon and the Pikes Peak Region" 2258:

is located in southwestern Colorado, with its capital at

2017:

On March 2, 1868, leaders of the seven bands of the

682:

after the 17th century. The western Utes were similar to

658:

The Ute appeared to have hunted and camped in an ancient

184: 4369:"Agreement with the Capote, Muache, and Weeminuche Utes" 3264:

Historic Manitou Springs, Colorado - 2013 Visitors Guide

6115:

List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado

4899:

How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap: Odd Excursions into Optics

4628: 3478:"Bears Ears national Monument: Questions & Answers" 2538:

of a medicine horse or medicine buffalo, or some other

2462:("Buckskin Charley"), chief of the Southern Ute Tribe. 1317:, along the headwaters of the Rio Grande and along the 4598: 3926:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 49. 3282:. Big Earth Publishing. 1 September 2002. p. 82. 2673:, health center assistant Asta Twelvetrees (played by 3402:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 4. 2765:, the most prominent Chief in the Utah area when the 4966:

The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century

4757:

The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century

2200:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

815:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

360:

Ute people are from the Southern subdivision of the

335:

in Spanish documents. The Utes' self-designation is

190: 6319: 6184: 6107: 6072: 6023: 5985: 5937: 5928: 5888: 5867: 5816: 5807: 5786: 5693: 5664: 5613: 5512: 5459: 5436: 5427: 5397: 5379: 5356: 5311: 5300: 5274: 1994:. The Tabeguache relinquished all land east of the 181: 150: 134: 114: 69: 59: 4963: 4841:"Salt Lake group launches annual Interfaith Month" 4754: 3732:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (September 15, 2001). 3135: 2357:Cultural and lifestyle changes on the reservations 1572:, and the Upper Arkansas Valley and at the annual 3760:"The Timpanogos Nation: Uinta Valley Reservation" 3735:The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 3714:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. 3251:Manitou Springs Historic District Nomination Form 3177:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z 2721:, leader of the Uncompahgre band of the Ute tribe 1869:". Utes were later put on a reservation in Utah, 5495:Ute Mountain Ute Mancos Canyon Historic District 4995:Yaniv, Zohara; Bachrach, Uriel (July 25, 2005). 4877:Changing colors: now you see them, now you don't 4792:. University Press of Colorado. pp. 16–18. 3356:Memories of a Lifetime in the Pike's Peak Region 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3062:The Post-Pueblo Period: A.D. 1300 to Late 1700s. 4569:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 245. 4004: 4002: 3949:Native American Placenames of the United States 3892: 3890: 3169: 3167: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2439:. The annual fasting and purification ceremony 2116:On July 28, 1882, President Arthur signed 1885:Treaties between the United States and the Utes 1373:This is also a half-Shoshone, half-Ute band of 731:made by the Utes as early as the 16th century. 202:people, of the Ute tribe and culture among the 5625:American Indian Wars § West of the Mississippi 5178:Colorado Experience; The Wickiup Investigation 5028:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT19. 3738:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT33. 1442:relations with Northern and Eastern Shoshone. 1350:Eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains from 1192:Colorado River in western and central Colorado 6151: 5752: 5252: 5051:"U. Officially Files Appeal on Utes Nickname" 5025:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 4902:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230–231. 3994:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 3972:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 209. 3706: 3704: 2745:, chief of the Sanpete tribe, and brother of 2739:, (b. 1935), dancer, author, and spiritualist 1601: 8: 5022:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (May 18, 2011). 4929:. University Press of Colorado. p. 26. 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4395:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3195: 3193: 3191: 33: 4476:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4337:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4256:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4213:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3180:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2934:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 1–3. 1873:, as well as two reservations in Colorado, 1018:, along the southern and eastern shores of 27:Native American people in the United States 6158: 6144: 6136: 5934: 5813: 5759: 5745: 5737: 5433: 5308: 5259: 5245: 5237: 5091:Primitive society and its vital statistics 4814:"Panel Quashes Debate on Ceremonial Pipes" 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4644:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000). 4090:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000). 3673:"Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah" 3330:. City of Colorado Springs. Archived from 3253:. History Colorado. Retrieved May 3, 2013. 2972:University of Pittsburgh PhD dissertation. 2353:, for whom the eastern capital is named). 1949:and signed the Peace Treaty of Abiquiú at 1608: 1594: 1586: 1507:, moved out from the mountains and became 851: 833:Utes. The Southern Ute Tribes include the 560:The old Ute Pass Trail went eastward from 557:tanning of hides and processing of meat." 472:There were ancestral Utes in southwestern 39: 32: 4761:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 4538: 4536: 4034: 4032: 4030: 3519:. Westcliffe Publishers. pp. 48–49. 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2769:arrived and leader during the Walker War. 2051:On November 9, 1878, leaders of the 548:, meaning sun mountain. Living a nomadic 368:, which are found almost entirely in the 4970:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 4639: 4637: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2105:signed an executive order to remove the 1982:On October 7, 1863, leaders of the 1967:signed an executive order reserving the 1897:are standing. Front from left to right: 1417:and other pueblos. They traded with the 1263:and its northern tributaries and in the 5716:Southern Ute Cultural Center and Museum 5604:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker 4650:. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 185–. 4075:. San Juan Silver Stage. Archived from 3996:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 3815:. Colorado State University. p. 4. 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3314:Manitou Springs. Retrieved May 4, 2013. 2968:Catherine Louise Sweeney Fowler. 1972. 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2763:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker 2514: 2503: 2415: 1065:of the Tavaputs Plateau near the Grand- 624:buttes in southeastern Utah became the 6380:List of Indian reservations in Arizona 6185:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona 5212:Encyclopedia of North American Indians 4469: 4388: 4330: 4249: 4206: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3449:Davenport, Coral (December 28, 2016). 2422:. The Gourd dance originates from the 2338:ruins. Their land includes the sacred 2245:, formerly called the Tabeguache Utes. 1389:Relationships with other First Nations 310:in northeastern Utah (3,500 members); 257:acquisition of horses from the Spanish 6120:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado 5706:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado 5282:Native Americans in the United States 4923:Beaton, Gail M. (November 15, 2012). 4599:Red Willow Production Company website 4096:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 185. 3966:Jordan, Julia A. (October 22, 2014). 3832:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 103. 3710:D'Azevedo, Warren L., Volume Editor. 2958:. Southwest Museum. 1985. p. 11. 1895:Charles Adams (Colorado Indian agent) 750:Distribution of Ute Indian bands: 1. 439:-speaking tribes—the Utes, Shoshone, 204:Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin 7: 6419:Native American tribes in New Mexico 5564:(leader during Battle of Milk Creek) 4896:Wilk, Stephen R. (October 7, 2013). 4449:Forty-seventh United States Congress 4229:Thirty-eighth United States Congress 4186:Thirty-eighth United States Congress 2630:that were used by Utes as medicine. 2286:The Southern Ute Tribes include the 2071:and relinquishing all other land in 1986:signed the Tabeguache Treaty at the 1560:Contact with other European settlers 1089:Seuvarits (Sahyehpeech / Sheberetch) 393:Indigenous tribes of the Great Basin 331:is unknown; it is first attested as 70:Regions with significant populations 5490:Spring Creek Archeological District 4587:Red Cedar Gathering Company website 2655:'s athletic teams are known as the 2217:that were not assimilated into the 2101:On January 5, 1882, President 1871:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation 1183:Sabuagana (Saguaguana / Akanaquint) 248:, with whom they traded regularly. 143:, traditional tribal religion, and 6409:Native American tribes in Colorado 5588:(dancer, author, and spiritualist) 5522:(leader during the Black Hawk War) 5479:Mineral springs at Manitou Springs 4427:Forty-sixth United States Congress 4310:Forty-third United States Congress 2759:, dancer, choreographer, and actor 2377:Utes have self-governed since the 2155:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation 2149:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation 2044:The Utes relinquished land in the 1953:with new U.S. Indian Commissioner 554:mineral springs at Manitou Springs 25: 5528:, also called Sapiah, (Ute chief) 4865:BBC Big Bang on triboluminescence 4789:Denver: An Archaeological History 3601:Denver: An Archaeological History 3387:– via DaveHughesLegacy.net. 2970:"Comparative Numic Ethnobiology". 2396:Council of Energy Resource Tribes 2188:Council of Energy Resource Tribes 2021:signed the Ute Treaty of 1868 in 900:West of the Wasatch Range in the 314:in Colorado (1,500 members); and 6414:Native American tribes in Nevada 6167: 5768: 4885:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00247.x 4839:Clark, Cody (February 2, 2013). 3205:Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum 3134:Pritzker, Barry (2000). "Utes". 2928:Givón, Talmy (January 1, 2011). 2820: 2806: 2792: 2677:) is a member of the Ute Nation. 2575: 2559: 2547: 2523: 2506: 2364:American Indian boarding schools 1401:valley at annual trade fairs or 944:and in the vicinity of Fish Lake 464:The Ute Trail, later called the 435:are Western Numic. The Southern 177: 100: 88: 76: 54:Chief Severo and family, c. 1899 48: 6320:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona 5875:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 5534:(Ouray's wife and Ute delegate) 4288:Fortieth United States Congress 3579:. Utah State Historical Society 2256:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2250:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2129:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2069:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 1929:Map of present-day reservations 1879:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 1313:, they were also living in the 802:. University Press of Colorado. 451:Ute ancestral lands and culture 6424:Native American tribes in Utah 5794:Outline of Colorado prehistory 5606:(leader during the Walker War) 5203:Ute Tribe Education Department 4616:fourcornersmotorcyclerally.com 3174:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912). 3049:University of New Mexico Press 2111:Uncompahgre Indian Reservation 1905:US Secretary of the Interior; 1473:Dominguez–Escalante expedition 610:Domínguez–Escalante expedition 1: 5222:Four Corners Motorcycle Rally 5155:Silbernagel, Robert. (2011). 5140:McPherson, Robert S. (2011). 4962:Young, Richard Keith (1997). 4753:Young, Richard Keith (1997). 3992:Simmons, Virginia McConnell. 3947:Bright, William, ed. (2004). 3645:"History of the Southern Ute" 3230:Pikes Peak Historical Society 2298:, the latter of which are at 2025:The Utes were removed to the 1309:towards the west site of the 845:, the latter of which are at 666:campsite in near what is now 634:Uintah and Ouray Reservations 374:Colorado River Numic language 5726:Ute Indian Rights Settlement 5469:Bears Ears National Monument 4998:Handbook of Medicinal Plants 4545:UINTAH AND OURAY RESERVATION 3953:University of Oklahoma Press 3606:University Press of Colorado 3485:United States Forest Service 2040:signed the Brunot Treaty in 2027:Consolidated Ute Reservation 1988:Tabaquache Agency at Conejos 1857:(1865–72) occurred in Utah. 1511:as did others including the 642:United States Forest Service 626:Bears Ears National Monument 620:Public land surrounding the 5227:White River/Meeker Massacre 4879:Coloration Technology 2010 4718:"Albuquerque Indian School" 3424:"Canyon Pintado's Rock Art" 2599:Native American ethnobotany 1935:Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1354:, Colorado in the north to 706:, depending upon the area. 596:Rio Blanco County, Colorado 366:Uto-Aztecan language family 291:when the religious sect of 6442: 5680:(Northern Ute Tribe, Utah) 5088:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934). 5001:. CRC Press. p. 133. 4009:William B. Butler (2012). 3922:William B. Butler (2012). 3897:William B. Butler (2012). 3398:William B. Butler (2012). 3043:David Leedom Shaul. 2014. 2596: 2123:On June 6, 1940, the 1311:Sangre de Cristo Mountains 283:to the government-created 6374: 5701:Indian Reorganization Act 5686:(West-southwest Colorado) 5570:(Uncompahgre band leader) 5486:(later Old Spanish Trail) 5193:Southern Ute Indian Tribe 4926:Colorado Women: A History 4601:, accessed 12 April 2009, 4589:, accessed 12 April 2009. 4011:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3969:Plains Apache Ethnobotany 3924:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3899:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3649:Southern Ute Indian Tribe 3513:Sullivan, Gordon (2005). 3400:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3353:Howbert, Irving (1970) . 3201:"Ute Indians of Colorado" 2715:, Native American flutist 2616:the roots and flowers of 2406:Spirituality and religion 2379:Indian Reorganization Act 2113:in the Territory of Utah. 2098:in the Territory of Utah. 2033:in the Territory of Utah. 1625: 1574:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 1358:, New Mexico in the south 817:. The bands included the 638:Bureau of Land Management 251:After contact with early 198:) are the indigenous, or 155: 139: 119: 74: 64: 47: 38: 5896:Battle of Beecher Island 5552:(last traditional chief) 5127:University of Utah Press 4553:Bureau of Indian Affairs 4412:United States of America 4376:Pagosa Springs, Colorado 4353:United States of America 4273:United States of America 4153:United States of America 4119:United States of America 3362:. The Rio Grande Press. 2889:. Retrieved 27 Feb 2014. 2701:Black Hawk War (1865–72) 2332:Mesa Verde National Park 2324:Mesa Verde National Park 2312:Ute Mountain Reservation 2306:Ute Mountain Reservation 2137:Ute Mountain Reservation 2065:Pagosa Springs, Colorado 2031:Uinta Valley Reservation 2012:Uinta Valley Reservation 1446:Contact with the Spanish 1267:including eastern Utah. 364:-speaking branch of the 339:, meaning 'the people'. 5674:(Southwestern Colorado) 5546:(Weeminuche band chief) 3790:. SAGE. p. PT740. 3764:www.timpanogostribe.com 3144:Oxford University Press 2828:Native Americans portal 2671:comics of the same name 2424:Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma 2266:and Ignacio, Colorado. 2162:1861, it is located in 2063:signed an agreement at 1259:, in the Valley of the 1026:, and in Heber Valley, 427:are Central Numic, and 327:The origin of the word 236:There were 11 historic 6080:Cynthia Irwin-Williams 5880:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 5799:Prehistory of Colorado 5711:Prehistory of Colorado 5446:Native American Church 5198:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 5121:Jones, Sondra (2019). 4722:Historic Albuerquerque 4131:"Treaty with the Utah" 3428:Colorado Life Magazine 2664:the television series 2612: 2452:Native American Church 2427: 2157:is the second-largest 1930: 1922: 1914: 1901:of the Southern Utes; 1875:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 1500: 803: 772:Seuvarits (Sheberetch) 718: 655: 598: 533: 469: 357: 141:Native American Church 6125:Trail of the Ancients 5594:(Sanpete tribe chief) 4696:. SAGE. p. 648. 4231:(February 23, 1865). 4129:(December 30, 1849). 3858:National Park Service 3826:Carson, Phil (1998). 2931:Ute Reference Grammar 2881:"Ute-Southern Paiute" 2606: 2413: 1928: 1920: 1892: 1535:, meaning enemy. The 1494: 1393:The Utes traded with 749: 712: 650: 586: 524: 463: 395:, including the Ute, 384:(Aztecan) of Mexico. 370:Western United States 355: 151:Related ethnic groups 6073:Noted archaeologists 6044:Dismal River culture 6005:Mount Albion complex 5808:Contemporary peoples 4950:Chamberlin, Ralph V. 4367:(November 9, 1878). 3076:Indians of Colorado. 2814:United States portal 2641:When the Legends Die 2483:Salt Lake City, Utah 2418:dancer performs the 1960:On October 3, 1861, 1951:Abiquiú (New Mexico) 1460:that paralleled the 668:Arches National Park 653:Arches National Park 380:to Colorado and the 348:Numic language group 295:arrived (1853), the 275:. They entered into 6090:Waldo Rudolph Wedel 6034:Ancestral Puebloans 6000:Basketmaker culture 5929:Precontact cultures 5916:Sand Creek massacre 5349:(Parianuche, Yampa) 5303:within contemporary 4565:Pritzker, Barry M. 4159:(October 7, 1863). 3883:. 2002. p. 43. 3575:Lewis, David Rich. 2568:mechanoluminescence 2490:mechanoluminescence 2370:or other diseases. 2127:separated from the 2067:, establishing the 1844:an 1858 gold strike 1688:Gunnison Expedition 1659:Battle at Fort Utah 1652:Ojo Caliente Canyon 1381:, near what is now 976:Sevier River Valley 660:Ancestral Puebloans 651:Ute petroglyphs at 343:History and culture 35: 6404:Ute (ethnic group) 6174:Indigenous peoples 6085:Paul Sidney Martin 5810:native to Colorado 5776:Indigenous peoples 5684:Ute Mountain Tribe 5615:Westward expansion 5582:(Ute-Paiute chief) 5576:(Ute-Paiute chief) 5232:Utah History to Go 5182:Rocky Mountain PBS 5125:. Salt Lake City: 5049:Stephen Speckman. 4820:. February 1, 1995 4492:Ute Mountain Tribe 4312:(April 29, 1874). 4071:Kathryn R. Burke. 3494:on January 1, 2017 3456:The New York Times 3430:. July–August 2014 2905:2012-10-04 at the 2841:Pinhook Draw fight 2774:Population history 2733:, Ute-Paiute chief 2727:, Ute-Paiute chief 2653:University of Utah 2644:(1963), a book by 2634:In popular culture 2613: 2473:Ceremonial objects 2428: 2336:Ancestral Puebloan 2334:and includes many 2328:Navajo Reservation 2282:Southern Ute Tribe 2194:Northern Ute Tribe 2159:Indian Reservation 2133:Ute Mountain Tribe 2096:Uintah Reservation 2048:desired by miners. 2046:San Juan Mountains 1996:Continental Divide 1969:Uinta River Valley 1931: 1923: 1915: 1785:Pinhook Draw fight 1501: 1499:marked for battle. 1496:John Wesley Powell 1305:, and east of the 1265:San Juan Mountains 1030:and Sanpete Valley 1005:Timpanogots Núuchi 804: 742:Historic Ute bands 719: 656: 599: 570:Garden of the Gods 534: 526:Henry Chapman Ford 480:by 1300, living a 470: 358: 253:European colonists 6386: 6385: 6133: 6132: 6103: 6102: 6054:Panhandle culture 5972:Plainview complex 5924: 5923: 5906:Comanche Campaign 5734: 5733: 5721:Ute Indian Museum 5508: 5507: 5423: 5422: 5165:978-1-60781-129-9 5150:978-1-60781-145-9 5135:978-1-60781-657-7 5035:978-1-4571-0989-8 5008:978-1-56022-995-7 4981:978-0-8061-2968-6 4936:978-1-4571-7382-0 4909:978-0-19-937131-0 4799:978-0-87081-984-1 4772:978-0-8061-2968-6 4703:978-1-4129-0550-3 4657:978-1-55566-262-2 4575:978-0-19-513877-1 4451:(July 28, 1882). 4418:(June 15, 1880). 4279:(March 2, 1868). 4103:978-1-55566-262-2 4079:on March 5, 2016. 4020:978-1-937851-02-6 3979:978-0-8061-8581-1 3933:978-1-937851-02-6 3908:978-1-937851-02-6 3839:978-1-55566-216-5 3797:978-1-4129-0550-3 3745:978-1-60732-116-3 3720:978-0-16-004581-3 3615:978-0-87081-984-1 3526:978-1-56579-481-8 3409:978-1-937851-02-6 3289:978-1-56579-429-0 3157:978-0-19-513877-1 3030:978-1-4129-0550-3 2941:978-90-272-0284-0 2846:Ute Indian Museum 2753:is named for him. 2347:Ute Mountain Utes 2272:Ignacio, Colorado 2103:Chester A. Arthur 2094:to remove to the 2082:to remove to the 2008:Territory of Utah 1973:Territory of Utah 1838: 1837: 1693:Gunnison Massacre 1554:warrior societies 1371: 1370: 1252:Colorado and Utah 1236:Uintah and Ouray 1223:Uncompahgre River 1215:Colorado and Utah 1212:Tavi'wachi Núuchi 1174:Uintah and Ouray 1159:Colorado and Utah 1143:Uintah and Ouray 1110:Uintah and Ouray 1039:Uintah and Ouray 992:Uintah and Ouray 476:and southeastern 466:Old Spanish Trail 170: 169: 16:(Redirected from 6431: 6335: 6327:Ancestral Pueblo 6172: 6171: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6137: 6108:Related articles 6039:Apishapa culture 6010:Oshara tradition 5967:Hell Gap complex 5957:Folsom tradition 5935: 5839:Jicarilla Apache 5814: 5773: 5772: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5738: 5694:Related articles 5678:Uintah and Ouray 5550:Chief Jack House 5526:Buckskin Charley 5434: 5347:White River Utes 5309: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5238: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5019: 5013: 5012: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4969: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4893: 4887: 4873: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4760: 4750: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4685: 4662: 4661: 4641: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4521:www.utetribe.com 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4494:(June 6, 1940). 4488: 4482: 4481: 4475: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4424: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4373: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4336: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4318: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4285: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4255: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4237: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4212: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4194: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4165: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4052:on July 20, 2011 4051: 4045:. Archived from 4044: 4036: 4025: 4024: 4006: 3997: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3729: 3723: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3641: 3620: 3619: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3572: 3531: 3530: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3493: 3487:. Archived from 3482: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3361: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3324: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3279:Best of Colorado 3274: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3197: 3186: 3185: 3171: 3162: 3161: 3141: 3131: 3080: 3072: 3066: 3058: 3052: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3012: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2925: 2914: 2911:US Census Bureau 2896: 2890: 2878: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2619:Abronia fragrans 2609:Abronia fragrans 2579: 2563: 2551: 2527: 2510: 2316:Towaoc, Colorado 2314:is located near 2229:White River Utes 2225:, and Seuvarits. 2184:Wasatch Counties 2086:of Colorado and 2042:Washington, D.C. 2023:Washington, D.C. 1977:American Indians 1955:James S. Calhoun 1804:Cottonwood Gulch 1707:Black Hawk's War 1620: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1464:cultures of the 1431:Jicarilla Apache 1399:Rio Grande River 1377:who lived above 1344:Moghwachi Núuchi 1136:White River Utes 1093:Seuvarits Núuchi 1079:Uintah and Ouray 1016:Mount Timpanogos 852: 692:Jicarilla Apache 630:Ute Mountain Ute 511:Colorado Springs 382:Nahuan languages 269:gold prospectors 197: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 157:Southern Paiutes 106: 104: 103: 94: 92: 91: 82: 80: 79: 60:Total population 52: 43: 36: 21: 6441: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6370: 6331: 6315: 6242:Southern Paiute 6180: 6166: 6164: 6134: 6129: 6099: 6068: 6049:Fremont culture 6019: 5981: 5930: 5920: 5911:Meeker Massacre 5884: 5863: 5809: 5803: 5782: 5767: 5765: 5735: 5730: 5689: 5660: 5655:Meeker Massacre 5617: 5609: 5556:R. Carlos Nakai 5504: 5461: 5460:Ancestral lands 5455: 5438: 5429: 5419: 5399: 5398:Integrated with 5393: 5375: 5352: 5304: 5302: 5296: 5270: 5265: 5174: 5118: 5116:Further reading 5113: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5059: 5057: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5009: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4875:Timothy Dawson 4874: 4870: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4800: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4765:, 69, 272–278. 4752: 4751: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4687: 4686: 4665: 4658: 4643: 4642: 4635: 4627: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4564: 4560: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4523: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4468: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4422: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4387: 4380: 4378: 4371: 4365:Weeminuche Utes 4351: 4350: 4346: 4329: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4248: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4205: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4188:(May 5, 1864). 4184: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4157:Tabeguache Utes 4150: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4028: 4021: 4008: 4007: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3896: 3895: 3888: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3709: 3702: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3642: 3623: 3616: 3608:. p. 122. 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3534: 3527: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3370: 3359: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3334:on July 3, 2014 3326: 3325: 3318: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3189: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3133: 3132: 3083: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3055: 3047:. Albuquerque: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3014: 3013: 2976: 2967: 2963: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2927: 2926: 2917: 2907:Wayback Machine 2897: 2893: 2879: 2868: 2864: 2826: 2819: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2776: 2767:Mormon Pioneers 2713:R. Carlos Nakai 2693: 2669:, based on the 2636: 2601: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2571: 2564: 2555: 2552: 2543: 2532:Uncompahgre Ute 2530:An early 1900s 2528: 2519: 2511: 2475: 2408: 2392: 2359: 2308: 2284: 2252: 2196: 2151: 2146: 2125:Weeminuche Utes 2107:Tabeguache Utes 2080:Tabeguache Utes 2061:Weeminuche Utes 1992:San Luis Valley 1984:Tabeguache Utes 1965:Abraham Lincoln 1887: 1867:Meeker Massacre 1839: 1834: 1773:Meeker Massacre 1766:White River War 1621: 1616: 1614: 1581:Mormon settlers 1566:San Luis Valley 1562: 1489: 1487:Warrior culture 1453:San Luis Valley 1448: 1405:held in at the 1391: 1379:Great Salt Lake 1315:San Luis Valley 1301:, south of the 1257:Abajo Mountains 1168:White River Ute 1123:'Iya-paa Núuchi 980:San Pitch River 875: 870: 865: 744: 715:Uncompahgre Ute 676: 618: 578:Rocky Mountains 574:Manitou Springs 550:hunter-gatherer 540:Ute's name for 519: 482:hunter-gatherer 458: 453: 441:Southern Paiute 429:Northern Paiute 413:Southern Paiute 350: 345: 325: 301:Meeker Massacre 273:ancestral lands 242:Native American 200:Native American 180: 176: 101: 99: 89: 87: 77: 75: 55: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6391: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6296:Western Apache 6293: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6279:Akimel O'odham 6276: 6274:Tohono Oʼodham 6266: 6265: 6264: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6015:Picosa culture 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5977:Plano cultures 5974: 5969: 5964: 5962:Goshen complex 5959: 5954: 5949: 5947:Clovis culture 5943: 5941: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5652: 5649:Black Hawk War 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5598:Raoul Trujillo 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5516: 5514: 5513:Notable people 5510: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5306: 5301:Historic bands 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5173: 5172:External links 5170: 5169: 5168: 5153: 5138: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5097: 5080: 5066: 5041: 5034: 5014: 5007: 4987: 4980: 4954: 4942: 4935: 4915: 4908: 4888: 4868: 4857: 4831: 4805: 4798: 4778: 4771: 4734: 4709: 4702: 4663: 4656: 4633: 4621: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4558: 4532: 4508: 4483: 4440: 4402: 4344: 4301: 4263: 4220: 4177: 4143: 4109: 4102: 4082: 4063: 4026: 4019: 3998: 3985: 3978: 3958: 3939: 3932: 3914: 3907: 3886: 3870: 3845: 3838: 3818: 3803: 3796: 3776: 3751: 3744: 3724: 3700: 3691:"Ute Memories" 3682: 3661: 3621: 3614: 3590: 3532: 3525: 3505: 3469: 3441: 3415: 3408: 3390: 3368: 3345: 3316: 3302: 3288: 3269: 3255: 3243: 3217: 3187: 3163: 3156: 3081: 3067: 3053: 3036: 3029: 2974: 2961: 2947: 2940: 2915: 2891: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2817: 2803: 2800:History portal 2787: 2784: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2760: 2757:Raoul Trujillo 2754: 2751:Sanpete County 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2692: 2691:Notable people 2689: 2688: 2687: 2678: 2666:Resident Alien 2660: 2649: 2635: 2632: 2597:Main article: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2581: 2574: 2572: 2565: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2529: 2522: 2520: 2512: 2505: 2474: 2471: 2407: 2404: 2391: 2388: 2358: 2355: 2307: 2304: 2283: 2280: 2276:Houston, Texas 2251: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2226: 2195: 2192: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2121: 2114: 2099: 2092:Yamparica Utes 2076: 2049: 2034: 2015: 2003: 1980: 1962:U.S. President 1958: 1886: 1883: 1855:Black Hawk War 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811:Bluff Skirmish 1807: 1806: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1749:Thistle Valley 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1678:Fountain Green 1674: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1637:Point of Rocks 1633: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1605: 1598: 1590: 1561: 1558: 1529:Plains Indians 1509:Plains Indians 1488: 1485: 1447: 1444: 1390: 1387: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1295: 1292: 1291:Kapuuta Núuchi 1289: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1261:San Juan River 1253: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163:Colorado River 1160: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067:Colorado River 1056: 1053: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1009: 1006: 1003: 998: 994: 993: 990: 987: 982: 978:and along the 972:Sanpete Valley 969: 966: 964: 959: 955: 954: 951: 948: 945: 938: 935: 933: 928: 924: 923: 920: 917: 912: 898: 895: 893: 888: 884: 883: 880: 879:Tribe Grouping 877: 872: 867: 862: 859: 856: 743: 740: 675: 672: 664:Fremont people 617: 614: 606:Fremont people 562:Monument Creek 518: 515: 490:San Juan River 457: 454: 452: 449: 378:Colorado River 349: 346: 344: 341: 324: 321: 297:Black Hawk War 168: 167: 153: 152: 148: 147: 137: 136: 132: 131: 129:Ute (Núuchi-u) 117: 116: 112: 111: 72: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 57: 56: 53: 45: 44: 29: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6437: 6436: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6381: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6161: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6095:Joe Ben Wheat 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5750: 5748: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618:and conflicts 5616: 5612: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5544:Chief Ignacio 5542: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5484:Old Ute Trail 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5474:Cañon Pintado 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5426: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5299: 5293: 5292:Ute mythology 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5084: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5018: 5015: 5010: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4991: 4988: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4968: 4967: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4858: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4832: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4782: 4779: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4554: 4547: 4546: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4458:. p. 178 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4429:. p. 199 4428: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4377: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4290:. p. 619 4289: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4253: 4238:. p. 432 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4195:. p. 673 4191: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4166:. p. 673 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4144: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4073:"Chief Ouray" 4067: 4064: 4048: 4041: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4016: 4012: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3962: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3871: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3822: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3780: 3777: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3594: 3591: 3578: 3577:"Ute Indians" 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3509: 3506: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3442: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3369:0-87380-044-3 3365: 3358: 3357: 3349: 3346: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3291: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3232:. 17 May 2014 3231: 3227: 3226:"Ute Indians" 3221: 3218: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2957: 2956:The Masterkey 2951: 2948: 2943: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2857: 2856:Ute mythology 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2804: 2801: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2747:Chief Walkara 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:vision quests 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2351:Chief Ignacio 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2213:(San Pitch), 2212: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1927: 1919: 1912: 1909:and his wife 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:Chief Ignacio 1896: 1891: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1744:Gravelly Ford 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1714:Salina Canyon 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630:Jicarilla War 1628: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1570:Wet Mountains 1567: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Plains Apache 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1462:Plains Indian 1457: 1454: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:Conejos River 1300: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1249:Wʉgama Núuchi 1248: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1156:Pariyʉ Núuchi 1155: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1052:Uintah Núuchi 1051: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:Wasatch Range 1010: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 996: 995: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 977: 973: 970: 967: 965: 963: 960: 957: 956: 952: 949: 946: 943: 939: 936: 934: 932: 929: 926: 925: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 896: 894: 892: 889: 886: 885: 881: 878: 873: 868: 863: 860: 857: 854: 853: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 825:, Seuvartis, 824: 820: 816: 811: 807: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 741: 739: 736: 732: 729: 725: 716: 711: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 673: 671: 669: 665: 661: 654: 649: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 615: 613: 611: 607: 603: 602:Cañon Pintado 597: 593: 589: 588:Cañon Pintado 585: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 531: 527: 523: 516: 514: 513:of Colorado. 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:Fort Duchesne 496: 491: 486: 483: 479: 475: 467: 462: 455: 450: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 354: 347: 342: 340: 338: 334: 330: 322: 320: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 265:American West 261: 258: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 213: 209: 205: 201: 195: 174: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 146: 142: 138: 133: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 109: 97: 85: 84:United States 73: 68: 63: 58: 51: 46: 42: 37: 19: 6376: 6291:Southern Ute 6290: 6286:Tonto Apache 6059:Sopris phase 5995:Apex complex 5952:Cody complex 5939:Paleo-Indian 5901:Colorado War 5889:Major events 5868:Reservations 5858: 5672:Southern Ute 5665:Reservations 5643:Colorado War 5439:and religion 5381:Ute Mountain 5338:(Tabeguache) 5267: 5211: 5156: 5141: 5122: 5100: 5090: 5083: 5069: 5058:. Retrieved 5055:Deseret News 5044: 5024: 5017: 4997: 4990: 4965: 4957: 4945: 4925: 4918: 4898: 4891: 4876: 4871: 4860: 4848:. Retrieved 4845:Daily Herald 4844: 4834: 4822:. Retrieved 4818:Deseret News 4817: 4808: 4788: 4781: 4756: 4725:. Retrieved 4721: 4712: 4693: 4646: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4566: 4561: 4544: 4524:. Retrieved 4520: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4486: 4460:. Retrieved 4443: 4431:. Retrieved 4405: 4379:. Retrieved 4347: 4321:. Retrieved 4319:. p. 36 4304: 4292:. Retrieved 4266: 4240:. Retrieved 4223: 4197:. Retrieved 4180: 4168:. Retrieved 4146: 4134:. Retrieved 4127:Mouache Utes 4112: 4092: 4085: 4077:the original 4066: 4054:. Retrieved 4047:the original 4010: 3993: 3988: 3968: 3961: 3948: 3942: 3923: 3917: 3898: 3879: 3873: 3861:. Retrieved 3857: 3848: 3828: 3821: 3812: 3806: 3786: 3779: 3767:. Retrieved 3763: 3754: 3734: 3727: 3711: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3652:. Retrieved 3648: 3600: 3593: 3581:. Retrieved 3515: 3508: 3498:December 31, 3496:. Retrieved 3489:the original 3472: 3460:. Retrieved 3454: 3444: 3432:. Retrieved 3427: 3418: 3399: 3393: 3381:. Retrieved 3355: 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3332:the original 3310: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3278: 3272: 3263: 3258: 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3229: 3220: 3208:. Retrieved 3176: 3137: 3075: 3070: 3061: 3056: 3044: 3039: 3020: 2969: 2964: 2955: 2950: 2930: 2894: 2884: 2781: 2777: 2683:Cold Pursuit 2681: 2665: 2639: 2628:Provo Canyon 2617: 2614: 2607: 2515:Northern Ute 2492:. They used 2487: 2479: 2476: 2464: 2449: 2429: 2416:Northern Ute 2400: 2393: 2376: 2372: 2368:tuberculosis 2360: 2344: 2340:Ute Mountain 2320:Four Corners 2309: 2300:Ute Mountain 2285: 2268: 2253: 2231:consists of 2207:Uintah tribe 2197: 2152: 2144:Reservations 2084:Grand Valley 1947:Mouache Utes 1932: 1859: 1848: 1840: 1799:Ute Mountain 1754:Diamond Fork 1578: 1563: 1550: 1532: 1502: 1470: 1466:Great Plains 1458: 1449: 1402: 1392: 1372: 1319:Animas River 1299:Great Divide 1297:East of the 1277:Ute Mountain 1273:Ute Mountain 1063:Uintah Basin 902:Pavant Range 882:Reservation 847:Ute Mountain 812: 808: 805: 737: 733: 720: 700:sweat lodges 677: 657: 619: 600: 559: 545: 535: 529: 507:Fort Collins 501:in Utah and 487: 471: 386: 359: 336: 332: 328: 326: 316:Ute Mountain 312:Southern Ute 308:Uintah-Ouray 305: 285:reservations 262: 250: 235: 216: 172: 171: 145:Christianity 65:4,800–10,000 30:Ethnic group 6341:Basketmaker 6207:Halchidhoma 5931:in Colorado 5645:(1863–1865) 5633:(1848–1923) 5627:(1811–1924) 5600:(performer) 5586:Joseph Rael 5568:Chief Ouray 5540:(Ute chief) 5428:Culture and 5336:Uncompahgre 5287:Ute dialect 5208:Ute article 3695:utefans.net 3146:. pp. 2737:Joseph Rael 2646:Hal Borland 2593:Ethnobotany 2437:sweat lodge 2420:Gourd Dance 2390:Modern life 2243:Uncompahgre 2109:to the new 2000:Middle Park 1907:Chief Ouray 1903:Carl Schurz 1734:Circleville 1724:Pipe Spring 1719:Squaw Fight 1647:Cieneguilla 1642:Wagon Mound 1411:Santa Clara 1383:Ogden, Utah 1229:Uncompahgre 1132:Valley area 1130:Yampa River 1033:Timpanogots 1028:Uinta Basin 1024:Utah Valley 1001:Timpanogots 906:Sevier Lake 764:Timpanogots 590:, south of 389:Great Basin 244:tribes and 161:Chemehuevis 6399:Ute people 6393:Categories 6197:Chiricahua 6192:Chemehuevi 5637:Walker War 5520:Black Hawk 5462:and trails 5437:Ceremonies 5389:Weeminuche 5331:Timpanogos 5268:Ute people 5060:2009-05-20 4526:2018-04-16 4416:Ute Nation 4277:Ute Nation 2886:Ethnologue 2862:References 2836:Otto Mears 2697:Black Hawk 2675:Sara Tomko 2445:Bear Dance 2296:Weeminuche 2294:, and the 2237:Parianuche 2223:Timpanogos 2088:Parianuche 2038:Ute Nation 2019:Ute Nation 1851:Walker War 1830:Comb Ridge 1778:Milk Creek 1700:Tintic War 1671:Walker War 1307:Rio Grande 1270:Weeminuche 1245:Weeminuche 1208:Tabeguache 1152:Parianuche 843:Weeminuche 841:, and the 827:Timpanogos 792:Weeminuche 788:Tabeguache 780:Parianuche 622:Bears Ears 542:Pikes Peak 538:Tabeguache 493:cities of 445:Chemehuevi 409:Chemehuevi 289:Walker War 231:New Mexico 18:Ute Nation 6377:See also: 6333:dwellings 6262:Hopi-Tewa 6212:Havasupai 6064:Tipi ring 5651:(1865–72) 5558:(flutist) 5451:Sun Dance 5326:Seuvarits 5321:San Pitch 4501:March 16, 4462:March 16, 4433:March 16, 4381:March 16, 4323:March 16, 4294:March 16, 4242:March 16, 4199:March 16, 4170:March 16, 4136:March 16, 4056:April 14, 4040:"Chipeta" 2851:Ute music 2467:Mormonism 2441:Sun Dance 1818:Posey War 1792:Bluff War 1759:Last Raid 1664:Fort Utah 1505:Comanches 1423:Havasupai 1395:Puebloans 1367:Southern 1356:Las Vegas 1059:Utah Lake 1020:Utah Lake 985:San Pitch 910:Fish Lake 819:San Pitch 784:Sabuagana 724:Utah Lake 696:Puebloans 684:Shoshones 532:, by 1894 323:Etymology 281:relocated 246:Puebloans 115:Languages 6351:Mogollon 6227:Maricopa 6222:Hualapai 5854:Shoshone 5834:Comanche 5829:Cheyenne 5787:Overview 5780:Colorado 5631:Ute Wars 5592:Sanpitch 5562:Nicaagat 5500:Ute Pass 5430:religion 5410:Moanunts 5358:Southern 5313:Northern 5275:Overview 4850:June 21, 4824:June 21, 4727:June 20, 4472:cite web 4414:and the 4391:cite web 4355:and the 4333:cite web 4275:and the 4252:cite web 4209:cite web 4155:and the 4121:and the 3863:June 18, 3769:June 18, 3677:utah.gov 3654:June 18, 3583:June 17, 3462:June 17, 3434:June 21, 3383:June 17, 3378:73115107 3236:June 14, 3023:. SAGE. 2903:Archived 2786:See also 2743:Sanpitch 2585:Shoshone 2264:Bayfield 2168:Duchesne 2073:Colorado 1863:San Juan 1825:Blanding 1618:Ute Wars 1533:kɨmantsi 1513:Cheyenne 1477:Moanunts 1403:rescates 1375:Cumumbas 1364:Southern 1347:Colorado 1330:Southern 1326:Southern 1294:Colorado 1233:Northern 1219:Gunnison 1197:Northern 1189:Colorado 1171:Northern 1140:Northern 1126:Colorado 1107:Northern 1075:Northern 1036:Northern 989:Northern 950:Northern 919:Northern 861:Ute Name 546:Tavakiev 530:Ute camp 517:Colorado 474:Colorado 425:Comanche 417:Shoshone 397:Shoshone 337:Núuchi-u 277:treaties 223:Oklahoma 212:Colorado 165:Kawaiisu 135:Religion 6366:Sinagua 6356:Patayan 6346:Hohokam 6306:Yavapai 6269:Oʼodham 6252:Quechan 6202:Cocopah 6178:Arizona 6026:Archaic 5987:Archaic 5824:Arapaho 5774: 5538:Colorow 5532:Chipeta 5415:Pahvant 4551:(PDF), 4361:Mouache 3338:May 24, 3210:May 24, 2707:Chipeta 2498:buffalo 2318:in the 2260:Ignacio 2215:Pahvant 2211:Sanpits 2135:of the 2131:as the 2057:Mouache 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