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2398:. The Southern Ute Tribe is financially successful, having a casino for revenue generation. The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe generates revenues through gas and oil, mineral sales, casinos, stock raising, and a pottery industry. The tribes make some money on tourism and timber sales. Artistic endeavors include basketry and beadwork. The annual household income is well below that of their non-Native neighbors. Unemployment is high on the reservation, in large part due to discrimination, and half of the tribal members work for the government of the United States or the tribe.
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they also traded meat, buffalo robes and Indian and
Spanish captives taken by the Comanche. The Utes traded their goods for cloth, blankets, guns, horses, maize, flour, and ornaments. A number of Ute learned Spanish through trading. The Spanish "seriously guarded" trade with the Utes, limiting it to annual caravans, but by 1750 they were reliant on the trade with the Utes, their deerskin being a highly sought commodity. The Utes also traded in slaves, women and children captives from Apache, Comanche, Paiute and Navajo tribes.
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1556:, but the Ute generally did not - the Southern Utes developed such societies late, and soon lost them in reservation life. Warriors were exclusively men but women often followed behind war parties to help gather loot and sing songs. Women also performed the Lame Dance to symbolize having to pull or carry heavy loads of loot after a raid. The Utes used a variety of weapons including bows, spears and buffalo-skin shields, as well as rifles, shotguns and pistols which were obtained through raiding or trading.
50:
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the land, which also was a forced vocational change. Some tribes, like the Uintah and
Uncompahgre were given arable land, while others were allocated land that was not suited to farming and they resisted being forced to farm. The White River Utes were the most resentful and protested in Washington, D.C. The Weeminuches successfully implemented a shared property system from their allotted land. Utes were forced to perform manual labor, relinquish their horses, and send their children to
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Gathering
Company, which owns and operates natural gas pipelines in and near the reservation. The tribe also owns the Red Willow Production Company, which began as a natural gas production company on the reservation. It has expanded to explore for and produce oil and natural gas in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and in the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. Red Willow has offices in
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number of Utes after they were relocated to reservations, in the mid-20th century the population began to increase. This is partly because many people have returned to reservations, including those who left to attain college educations and careers. By 1990, there were about 7,800 Utes, with 2,800 living in cities and towns and 5,000 on reservations.
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584:
670:. At a site near natural springs, which may have held spiritual significance, the Ute left petroglyphs in rock along with rock art by the earlier peoples. Some of the images are estimated to be more than 900 years old. The Utes petroglyphs were made after the Utes acquired horses, because they show men hunting while on horseback.
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2435:. Traditionally, Utes relied on medicine men for their physical and spiritual health, but it has become a dying occupation. Spiritual leaders have emerged that perform ceremonies previously performed by medicine men, like sweat ceremonies, one of the oldest spiritual ceremonies of the Utes, performed in a
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The Ute were estimated at 6,000 in New Mexico in year 1846 (and also 6,000 in 1854), 7,000 in
Colorado in year 1866 and 13,050 in Utah in 1867, for a total of around 26,050 in the mid-19th century. In 1868 it was reported that 5,000 Ute lived on the Colorado reservation. Later Ute population declined
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The
Southern Utes are the wealthiest of the tribes. The Tribe holds a triple A credit rating with all three primary rating agencies. Oil & gas, and real estate leases, plus various off-reservation financial and business investments, have contributed to their success. The tribe owns the Red Cedar
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In 1637, the
Spanish fought with the Utes, 80 of whom were captured and enslaved. Three people escaped with horses. Their lifestyle changed with the acquisition of horses by 1680. They became more mobile, more able to trade, and better able to hunt large game. Ute culture changed dramatically in ways
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Men and women wore woven and leather clothing and rabbit skin robes. They wore their hair long or in braids. Parents provided some input, but people decided who they would take as spouses. Men could have multiple wives, and divorce was common and easy. There were restrictions for menstruating women
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Medicine women used up to 300 plants to treat ailments. Pine pitch or split cactus was used to treat sores or wounds. Sage leaves were used for colds. Sage tea and powdered obsidian for sore eyes. Teas were made from various plants to treat stomachaches. Grass was used to stop bleeding. The Ute use
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Native
Americans have been using ceremonial pipes for thousands and years, and the traditional pipes have been used in sacred Ute ceremonies that are conducted by a medicine person or spiritual leader. The pipe symbolizes the Ute's connection to the creator and their existence on Earth. They conduct
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People lived in extended family groups of about 20 to 100 people. They traveled to seasonally-specific camps. In the spring and summer, family groups hunted and gathered food. The men hunted buffalo, antelope, elk, deer, bear, rabbit, sage hens, and beaver using arrows, spears and nets. They smoked
730:
were the only Utes to cultivate food. Some western groups ate reptiles and lizards. Some southeastern groups planted corn and some encouraged the growth of wild tobacco. Implements were made of wood, stone, and bone. Skin bags and baskets were used to carry goods. There is evidence that pottery was
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Prior to living on reservations, Utes shared land with other tribal members according to a traditional societal property system. Instead of recognizing this lifestyle, the U.S. government provided allotments of land, which was larger for families than for single men. The Utes were intended to farm
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first became acquainted with the Utes along the White River in northwestern
Colorado in the fall of 1868. During his expedition five years later, his photographer, Jack Hillers, captured this photograph of a young girl accompanied by a warrior, whose body, painted with yellow and black stripes, is
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and couples who were pregnant. Children were encouraged to be industrious through several rituals. When someone died, that person was buried in their best clothes with their head facing east. Their possessions were generally destroyed and their horses either had their hair cut or they were killed.
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were also sacred and Ute and other tribes came to the area, spent winters there, and "share in the gifts of the waters without worry of conflict." Artifacts found from the nearby Garden of the Gods, such as grinding stones, "suggest the groups would gather together after their hunt to complete the
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of 1934. Elections are held to select tribal council members. The
Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Utes received a total of $ 31 million in a land claims settlement. The Ute Mountain Tribe used their money, including what they earned from mineral leases, to invest in tourist related and other
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in the US â covering over 4,500,000 acres (18,000 km) of land. Tribal owned lands only cover approximately 1.2 million acres (4,855 km) of surface land and 40,000 acres (160 km) of mineral-owned land within the 4 million acres (16,185 km) reservation area. Founded in
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The Utes were skilled warriors who specialized in horse mounted combat. War with neighboring tribes was mostly fought for gaining prestige, stealing horses, and revenge. Men would organize themselves into war parties made up of warriors, medicine men, and a war chief who led the party. To prepare
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beginning in the 1670s, in northern New Mexico beginning in the early 1700s, and in Ute villages in what is now western
Colorado and eastern Utah. The Utes, the main trading partners of the Spanish residents of New Mexico, were known for their soft, high quality tanned deer skins, or chamois, and
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Beaded Pipebag. This pipebagâ made from brain-tanned mule-deer hide, glass trade beads, and eagle boneâincorporates the sacred symbols of the Ute: the blue fire, the yellow fire, the green of the earth, and the hail of the thunder beings; motifs of the turtle (earth) and moccasin (home), and the
2278:. The Sky Ute Casino and its associated entertainment and tourist facilities, together with tribally operated Lake Capote, draw tourists. It hosts the Four Corners Motorcycle Rally each year. The Ute operate KSUT, the major public radio station serving southwestern Colorado and the Four Corners.
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There was a dramatic reduction in the Ute population, partly attributed to Utes moving off the reservation or resisting being counted. In the early 19th century, there were about 8,000 Utes, and there were only about 1,800 tribe members in 1920. Although there was a significant reduction in the
1468:. They also became involved in the horse and slave trades and respected warriors. Horse ownership and warrior skills developed while riding became the primary status symbol within the tribe and horse racing became common. With greater mobility, there was increased need for political leadership.
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and Western Shoshone peoples. There was so much intermarriage with the Paiute, that territorial borders of the Utes and the Southern Paiutes are difficult to ascertain in southeast Utah. Until the Ute acquired horses, any conflict with other tribes was usually defensive. They had generally poor
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watershed of New Mexico. Some Ute bands stayed near their home domains, while others ranged further away seasonally. Hunting grounds extended further into Utah and Colorado, as well as into Wyoming, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Winter camps were established along rivers near the present-day
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rawhide, which they filled with clear quartz crystals collected from the mountains of Colorado and Utah. When the rattles were shaken at night during ceremonies, the friction and mechanical stress of the quartz crystals banging together produced flashes of light which partly shone through the
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The Ute language is still spoken on the reservation. Housing is generally adequate and modern. There are annual performance of the Bear and Sun dances. All tribes have scholarship programs for college educations. Alcoholism is a significant problem at Ute Mountain, affecting nearly 80% of the
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Hunting and gathering groups of extended families were led by older members by the mid-17th century. Activities, like hunting buffalo and trading, may have been organized by band members. Chiefs led bands when structure was required with the introduction of horses to plan for defense, buffalo
608:(650 to 1200) and Utes. The Fremont art reflect an interest in agriculture, including corn stalks and use of light at different times of the year to show a planting calendar. Then there are images of figures holding shields, what appear to be battle victims, and spears. These were seen by the
4161:"Treaty between the United States of America and the Tabeguache Band of Utah Indians, concluded October 7, 1863; Ratification advised, with Amendments, by the Senate, March 25, 1864; Amendments assented to, October 8, 1864; Proclaimed by the President of the United States, December 14, 1864"
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A reservation was also established in 1868 in Colorado. Indian agents tried to get the Utes to farm, which would be a change in lifestyle and what they believed would lead to certain starvation due to evidence of previous crop failures. Their lands were whittled away until only the modern
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changed their lifestyle dramatically, affecting mobility, hunting practices, and tribal organization. Once primarily defensive warriors, they became more like the Europeans as adept horsemen who used horses to raid other tribes. Certain prestige within the community was based upon a man's
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Uncompahgre Ute Salmon Alabaster Ceremonial Pipe. Ute pipe styles are similar to those of the Plains Indians, with notable differences. Ute pipes are thicker and use shorter pipestems than the Plains style, and more closely resemble the pipe styles of their Northern neighbors, the
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themselves for battle Ute warriors would often fast, participate in sweat lodge ceremonies, and paint their faces and horses for special symbolic meanings. The Utes were master horsemen and could execute daring maneuvers on horseback while in battle. Most plains Indians had
1527:, the Utes remained close to their ancestral homeland. The south and eastern Utes also raided Native Americans in New Mexico, Southern Paiutes and Western Shoshones, capturing women and children and selling them as slaves in exchange for Spanish goods. They fought with
2014:. On February 23, 1865, President Lincoln signed "An Act to extinguish the Indian Title to Lands in the Territory of Utah suitable for agricultural and mineral Purposes", expropriating Indian lands in the Territory of Utah outside of the Uinta Valley Reservation.
580:. From Ute Pass, Utes journeyed eastward to hunt buffalo. They spent winters in mountain valleys where they were protected from the weather. The North and Middle Parks of present-day Colorado were among favored hunting grounds, due to the abundance of game.
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rapidly. The census of 1890 counted only 2,839 (1,854 in Utah and 985 in Colorado), Indian Affairs 1900 reported 2,694 (1,699 in Utah and 995 in Colorado) and in 1910 there were about 2,658 (1,472 in Utah, 815 in Colorado and 371 in South Dakota).
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lifestyle. The Ute occupied much of the present state of Colorado by the 1600s. The Comanches from the north joined them in eastern Colorado in the early 1700s. In the 19th century, the Arapaho and Cheyenne invaded southward into eastern Colorado.
4420:"An act to accept and ratify the agreement submitted by the confederated bands of Ute Indians in Colorado, for the sale of their reservation in said State, and for other purposes, and to make the necessary appropriations for carrying out the same"
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Utes have believed that all living things possess supernatural power. A medicine person (the term shaman was not used among Native people in North America, it being a Siberian term), people of any gender receive power from dreams and some take
1841:
Wars with settlers began about the 1850s when Ute children were captured in New Mexico and Utah by Anglo-American traders and sold in New Mexico and California. The rush of Euro-American settlers and prospectors into Ute country began with
1853:(1853â54). By the mid-1870s, the Utes had been moved onto a reservation, less than 9% of its former land. The Utes found it to be very inhospitable and they tried to continue hunting and gathering off the reservation. In the meantime, the
710:
1576:. Native Americans also traded at annual trade fairs in New Mexico, which were also ceremonial and social events lasting up to ten days or more. They involved the trading of skins, furs, foods, pottery, horses, clothing, and blankets.
2005:
On May 5, 1864, President Lincoln signed "An Act to vacate and sell the present Indian Reservations in Utah Territory, and to settle the Indians of said Territory in the Uinta Valley", unilaterally removing all Indians in the
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which primarily lies in Colorado, but extends to Utah and New Mexico (2,000 members). The majority of Ute live on these reservations with limited resources compared to their original lands, although some reside off-reservation.
1547:
also became enemies of the Plains Indians by about 1840. Some Ute bands fought against the Spanish and Pueblos with the Jicarilla Apache and the Comanche. The Ute were sometimes friendly but sometimes hostile to the Navajo.
2554:
A Northern Ute ceremonial knife made from white quartz and Western cedar wood. These knives were used to cut the umbilical cord of a newborn infant or to harvest sweetgrass and other sacred herbs for ceremonies.
1450:
The first encounter between the Utes and the Spanish occurred before 1620, perhaps as early as 1581 when they knew about the high quality deerskin produced by the Utes. They traded with the Spanish in the
2469:. It is common for people to see Christianity and Native American spirituality as complementary beliefs, rather that believing that they have to pick either Christianity or Native American spirituality.
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of Utes. Although they generally operated in family groups for hunting and gathering, the communities came together for ceremonies and trading. Many Ute bands were culturally influenced by neighboring
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is an important traditional spiritual event, feast, and means of asserting their Native American identity. It is held mid-summer. Each spring the Ute (Northern and Southern) hold their traditional
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region. Twelve ranches are held by tribal land trusts rather than family allotments. The tribe holds fee patent on 40,922.24 acres in Utah and Colorado. The 553,008 acre reservation borders the
717:
shaved beaver hide painting, made by trapping beavers and shaving images into the stretched and cured hides. They have used these paintings to decorate their personal and ceremonial dwellings.
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lifestyle, summers were spent in the Pikes Peak area mountains, which was considered by other tribes to be the domain of the Utes. Pikes Peak was a sacred ceremonial area for the band. The
387:
It is believed that this Numic group originated near the present-day border of Nevada and California, then spread North and East. By about 1000, there were hunters and gatherers in the
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Utes produced beadwork over centuries. They obtained glass beads and other trade items from early trading contact with Europeans and rapidly incorporated their use into their objects.
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612:(1776). Utes left images of firearms and horses in the 1800s. The Crook's Brand Site depicts a horse with a brand from George Crook's regiment during the Indian Wars of the 1870s.
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Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Utes and Richard Henry Pratt
2648:, is a story about a Ute boy growing up on a reservation after his parents die, and becoming a rodeo sensation. A film adaptation by the same name was released in 1972.
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415:, left the Numic homeland first, based on language changes, and that the Central and then the Western subgroups spread out toward the east and north, sometime later.
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The culture of the Utes was influenced by the invasion of neighboring Native American tribes. The eastern Utes had many traits of Plain Indians, and they lived in
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crystals to generate light, likely hundreds of years before the modern world recognized the phenomenon. The Ute constructed special ceremonial rattles made from
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of 1776 and French trappers passing through the area or establishing trading posts beginning in the 1810s. The French expedition recorded meeting members of the
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The Ute were divided into several nomadic and closely associated bands, which today mostly are organized as the Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Ute Tribes.
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enterprises in the 1950s. In 1954, a group of mixed blood Utes were legally separated from the Northern Utes and called the Affiliated Ute Citizens. Since the
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2209:, which is larger than its historical band since the U.S. government classified the following bands as Uintah when they were relocated to the reservation:
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On March 6, 1880, leaders of the seven bands of the Ute Nation signed the Ute Agreement of 1880 at Washington, D.C. The Agreement called for the
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Territory from Treaty of 1868, relinquishing land east of the Contintental Divide, including Pikes Peak and San Luis Valley sacred and hunting grounds
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translucent buffalo hide. These rattles were believed to call spirits into Ute ceremonies, and were considered extremely powerful religious objects.
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influenced the southeastern Utes. All groups also lived in structures 10â15 feet in diameter that were made of conical pole-frames and brush, and
4281:"Treaty between the United States of America and the Tabeguache, Muache, Capote, Weeminuche, Tampa, Grand River, and Uintah Bands of Ute Indians"
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1937:
1848, the United States made a series of treaties with the Ute and executive orders that ultimately culminated with relocation to reservations:
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40:
4190:"An Act to vacate and sell the present Indian Reservations in Utah Territory, and to settle the Indians of said Territory in the Uinta Valley"
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The Uncompahgre Ute Indians from central Colorado are one of the first documented groups of people in the world known to use the effect of
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pipe ceremonies during events were different people come together. For instance, they conducted a pipe ceremony at an Interfaith event in
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in 2016 in recognition for its ancestral and cultural significance to several Native American tribes, including the Utes. Members of the
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2011:
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1995:
1600:
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468:, was a trade route between Santa Fe and California, through Colorado and Utah. It was later used by European explorers of the west.
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The William E. Hewitt Institute for History and Social Science Education. University of Northern Colorado. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
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Christianity was picked up by some Ute from missionaries of the Presbyterian and Catholic churches. Some Northern Utes accepted
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are descendants of the Weeminuche band, who moved to the western end of the Southern Ute Reservation in 1897. (They were led by
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in Utah. Raising stock and oil and gas leases are important revenue streams for the reservation. The tribe is a member of the
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1961:
4314:"An act to ratify an agreement with certain Ute Indians in Colorado, and to make an appropriation for carrying out the same"
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The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado
4093:
The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado
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Occasionally members of Ute bands met up to trade, intermarry, and practice ceremonies, like the annual spring Bear Dance.
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Distribution of Uto-Aztecan languages in present-day Western United States at the time of first European contact/invasion
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4233:"An Act to extinguish the Indian Title to Lands in the Territory of Utah suitable for agricultural and mineral Purposes"
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An Uncompahgre Ute Buffalo rawhide ceremonial rattle filled with quartz crystals. The rattle produces flashes of light (
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1999:
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In addition to their ancestral lands within Colorado and Utah, their historic hunting grounds extended into current-day
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1583:. After initial settlement by the Mormons, as they moved south to the Wasatch Front, Utes were pushed off their land.
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2342:. The White Mesa Community of Utah (near Blanding) is part of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe but is largely autonomous.
1503:
After the Utes acquired horses, they started to raid other Native American tribes. While their close relatives, the
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and colonists in the mid-1800s, the Utes were increasingly pressured or killed and then eventually forced off their
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726:. Women processed and stored the meat and gathered greens, berries, roots, yampa, pine nuts, yucca, and seeds. The
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4496:"Constitution and Bylaws of the Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah"
3266:. The Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce, Visitors Bureau & Office of Economic Development. 2013. p. 6.
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Few Ute people are left, and they now primarily live in Utah and Colorado, within three Ute tribal reservations:
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for stomach and bowel troubles. Cedar and sage were used in purification ceremonies conducted in sweat lodges.
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The Utes came to inhabit a large area including most of Utah, western and central Colorado, and south into the
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Multiple bands of Utes that were classified as Uintahs by the U.S. government when they were relocated to the
690:, and they lived year-round in domed willow houses. Weeminuches lived in willow houses during the summer. The
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1531:, including the Comanche, who had previously been allies. The name "Comanche" is from the Ute word for them,
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Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).
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Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).
2686:(2019), a gang formed by Utes play a prominent role in the film as a rival cartel to the main antagonists.
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beaded horse bag, which has been used to hold sacred religious totems, pipes, and carvings, sometimes an
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2570:) created when quartz crystals are subjected to mechanical stress when the rattle is shaken in darkness.
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is another source of spiritual life for some Ute, where followers believe that "God reveals Himself in
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There was continued pressure by the Mormons to push the Utah Utes off their land. This resulted in the
49:
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2447:, which was used to strengthen social ties and for courtship. It is one of the oldest Ute ceremonies.
1846:. The Ute allied with the United States and Mexico in its war with the Navajo during the same period.
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with the United States government to preserve their lives and some of their land, but were eventually
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4453:"An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians"
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2899:"American Indian, Alaska Native Tables from the Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2004â2005"
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2458:." The church integrates Native American rituals with Christianity beliefs. One of the followers was
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Ute population has rebounded during the 20th and 21st centuries, the census of 2020 counted 15,119.
1810:
1385:. There are also other half-Ute bands, some of whom migrated seasonally far from their home domain.
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2366:. Almost half of the children sent to boarding school in Albuquerque died in the mid-1880s, due to
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An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians
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where other Native Americans went for treaty but were slaughtered by US forces (1865â72), and the
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The Ute people traded with Europeans by the early 19th century including at encampments in the
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Oil and Gas Development on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation: Environmental Impact Statement
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and sun-dried the meat, and also ate it fresh. They also fished in fresh water sources, like
6350:
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5838:
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2022:
1430:
1398:
1135:
1015:
909:
703:
691:
601:
587:
502:
381:
272:
233:. The tribe also had sacred grounds outside their home domain that were visited seasonally.
178:
124:
120:
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372:
and Mexico. The name of the language family was created to show that it includes both the
361:
300:
5094:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 477â478.
4762:
1893:
Delegation of Ute Indians in Washington, D.C., in 1880. Background: Woretsiz and general
1670:
1579:
In Utah, Utes began to be impacted by European-American contact with the 1847 arrival of
3813:
When the grass stood stirrup-high: facts, photographs and myths of West-Central Colorado
3690:
2120:, expropriating the lands of the Parianuche, Tabeguache, and Yamparica Utes in Colorado.
206:. They had lived in sovereignty for several hundred years in the regions of present-day
6360:
6305:
6014:
5976:
5961:
5946:
5597:
5325:
5320:
5226:
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3136:
2799:
2756:
2750:
2497:
2275:
2210:
1636:
1528:
1508:
1438:
1218:
1162:
1088:
1066:
984:
971:
961:
818:
771:
759:
663:
605:
432:
377:
280:
260:
horsemanship (tested during horse races), as well as the number of horses a man owned.
4864:
1865:
area, which was followed in 1879 by the loss of most of the remaining land after the "
352:
303:
in which the Utes tried to regain control of their lands with warring tactics (1879).
6392:
6236:
6231:
6094:
5848:
5543:
5291:
4884:
4411:
4352:
4272:
4152:
4118:
3175:
2855:
2350:
1898:
1629:
1569:
1536:
1524:
1461:
1302:
1011:
810:
hunting, and raiding. Bands came together for tribal activities by the 18th century.
264:
83:
2659:
and have received explicit permission from the Ute tribe to continue using the name.
2542:
of power. The objects were associated and used in private prayer and family rituals.
1433:
who shared much of the same territory and intermarried. They also intermarried with
536:
Aside from their home domain, there were sacred places in present-day Colorado. The
6285:
6058:
5994:
5951:
5938:
5900:
5843:
5642:
5054:
2682:
2627:
2432:
2367:
2339:
2319:
2206:
1540:
1471:
During this time, few people entered Ute territory. Exceptions to this include the
1465:
1414:
1318:
1062:
1047:
975:
941:
901:
767:
411:
peoples. Some ethnologists postulate that the Southern Numic speakers, the Ute and
144:
128:
4952:
1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 32)
1917:
1861:
reservations were left: a large cession of land in 1873 transferred the gold-rich
287:. A few of the key tribal land defensive conflicts during this period include the
4964:
4755:
3901:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 27, 40â41, 45, 65, 67, 70â71.
3331:
2898:
6310:
6278:
6246:
6206:
5585:
5567:
5286:
2736:
2645:
2436:
2419:
1968:
1906:
1902:
1406:
1382:
1129:
1027:
1023:
905:
699:
494:
388:
4495:
2394:
All Ute reservations are involved in oil and gas leases and are members of the
255:, such as the Spanish, the Ute formed trading relationships. The theft and the
6268:
6196:
6191:
5636:
5388:
5330:
5177:
4415:
4276:
2885:
2835:
2789:
2674:
2603:
2444:
2295:
2291:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2117:
2037:
2026:
2018:
1850:
1699:
1306:
1286:
1244:
1207:
1151:
1118:
1099:
1000:
940:
Upper Sevier River Valley in central Utah, in the Otter Creek region south of
842:
838:
826:
795:
791:
787:
779:
775:
763:
621:
541:
537:
444:
408:
288:
230:
160:
5231:
5221:
4611:
3309:
391:
of Uto-Aztecan ethnicity that are believed to have been the ancestors of the
267:
beyond the Spanish-colonized southwest began to be settled by white European
6261:
6211:
6063:
5579:
5573:
5450:
3451:"Obama Designates Two New National Monuments, Protecting 1.65 Million Acres"
3225:
2850:
2730:
2724:
2656:
2466:
2440:
1889:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1663:
1504:
1422:
1394:
1058:
1019:
723:
695:
268:
245:
3644:
2410:
376:(Uto) dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California, along the
5157:
Troubled Trails: The Meeker Affair and the Expulsion of Utes from Colorado
3322:
3320:
3045:
A Prehistory of Western North America, The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages
2880:
17:
6221:
5833:
5779:
5769:
5630:
5561:
5409:
2626:
was also used as a medicine by the Utes. There were many plants found in
2584:
2072:
1617:
1512:
1476:
683:
473:
424:
416:
396:
222:
211:
164:
5075:"Cold Pursuit movie review & film summary (2019) | Roger Ebert"
3854:"Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado (Chapter 5)"
1165:(previously called the Grand River) in western Colorado and eastern Utah
709:
6365:
6355:
6345:
6251:
6201:
6177:
6168:
5823:
5603:
5531:
5414:
2762:
2746:
2709:, Ouray's wife and Ute delegate to negotiations with federal government
2706:
2386:, the Utes control the police, courts, credit management, and schools.
2330:, and the Southern Ute Reservation. The Ute Mountain Tribal Park abuts
2262:. The area around the Southern Ute Indian reservation are the hills of
2214:
1910:
1516:
1480:
1374:
930:
890:
830:
822:
755:
751:
727:
420:
292:
226:
218:
95:
5197:
4612:"Four Corners Motorcycle Rally â Labor Day Weekend â Ignacio Colorado"
1925:
904:
towards the Nevada border along the Sevier River in the desert around
636:
sit on a five-tribe coalition to help co-manage the monument with the
5525:
2623:
2535:
2493:
2459:
2455:
2402:
population. The age expectancy there was 40 years of age as of 2000.
2287:
1941:
On December 30, 1849, Quixiachigiate and 27 other chiefs of the
1544:
1434:
1418:
1351:
1339:
834:
799:
687:
404:
276:
4586:
583:
6300:
3759:
2602:
2539:
2409:
1924:
1916:
1888:
1520:
1490:
745:
708:
679:
646:
582:
520:
459:
436:
351:
237:
3065:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
2202:(Northern Ute Tribe) consists of the following groups of people:
6256:
6216:
3377:
2002:. Unfortunately, this included land occupied by the Capote Utes.
1429:
peoples for woven blankets. The Utes were close allies with the
1426:
477:
400:
207:
107:
6139:
5740:
5240:
5202:
5187:
5142:
As If the Land Owned Us: An Ethnohistory of the White Mesa Utes
4688:
Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).
3784:
Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).
3015:
Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).
1589:
5123:
Being and Becoming Ute: The Story of an American Indian People
5106:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Ute People in the US"
4694:
Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West
4567:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
4013:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 40â41, 46.
3829:
Across the Northern Frontier: Spanish Explorations in Colorado
3787:
Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West
3516:
Roadside Guide to Indian Ruins & Rock Art of the Southwest
3021:
Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West
2699:, son of Chief San-Pitch and noted War leader during the Utah
2518:
symbol of the red fire and the bear, sacred animal of the Ute.
2384:
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975
2036:
On September 13, 1873, leaders of the seven bands of the
604:, or painted canyon, is a prehistoric site with rock art from
447:âshare many cultural, genetic and linguistic characteristics.
5236:
5188:
Ute Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Agency (Northern Ute Tribe)
3811:
Bradford, David; Reed, Floyd; LeValley, Robbie Baird (2004).
3138:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
187:
3667:
3665:
2029:
in the western portion of the Territory of Colorado and the
702:
were similarly built. Lodging also included hide tepees and
4516:
1585:
3712:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin
1933:
Following acquisition of Ute territory from Mexico by the
3328:"The First People of the Cañon and the Pikes Peak Region"
2258:
is located in southwestern Colorado, with its capital at
2017:
On March 2, 1868, leaders of the seven bands of the
682:
after the 17th century. The western Utes were similar to
658:
The Ute appeared to have hunted and camped in an ancient
184:
4369:"Agreement with the Capote, Muache, and Weeminuche Utes"
3264:
Historic Manitou Springs, Colorado - 2013 Visitors Guide
6115:
List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado
4899:
How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap: Odd Excursions into Optics
4628:
3478:"Bears Ears national Monument: Questions & Answers"
2538:
of a medicine horse or medicine buffalo, or some other
2462:("Buckskin Charley"), chief of the Southern Ute Tribe.
1317:, along the headwaters of the Rio Grande and along the
4598:
3926:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 49.
3282:. Big Earth Publishing. 1 September 2002. p. 82.
2673:, health center assistant Asta Twelvetrees (played by
3402:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 4.
2765:, the most prominent Chief in the Utah area when the
4966:
The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century
4757:
The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century
2200:
Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation
815:
Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation
360:
Ute people are from the Southern subdivision of the
335:
in Spanish documents. The Utes' self-designation is
190:
6319:
6184:
6107:
6072:
6023:
5985:
5937:
5928:
5888:
5867:
5816:
5807:
5786:
5693:
5664:
5613:
5512:
5459:
5436:
5427:
5397:
5379:
5356:
5311:
5300:
5274:
1994:. The Tabeguache relinquished all land east of the
181:
150:
134:
114:
69:
59:
4963:
4841:"Salt Lake group launches annual Interfaith Month"
4754:
3732:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (September 15, 2001).
3135:
2357:Cultural and lifestyle changes on the reservations
1572:, and the Upper Arkansas Valley and at the annual
3760:"The Timpanogos Nation: Uinta Valley Reservation"
3735:The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico
3714:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986.
3251:Manitou Springs Historic District Nomination Form
3177:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z
2721:, leader of the Uncompahgre band of the Ute tribe
1869:". Utes were later put on a reservation in Utah,
5495:Ute Mountain Ute Mancos Canyon Historic District
4995:Yaniv, Zohara; Bachrach, Uriel (July 25, 2005).
4877:Changing colors: now you see them, now you don't
4792:. University Press of Colorado. pp. 16â18.
3356:Memories of a Lifetime in the Pike's Peak Region
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3062:The Post-Pueblo Period: A.D. 1300 to Late 1700s.
4569:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 245.
4004:
4002:
3949:Native American Placenames of the United States
3892:
3890:
3169:
3167:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2439:. The annual fasting and purification ceremony
2116:On July 28, 1882, President Arthur signed
1885:Treaties between the United States and the Utes
1373:This is also a half-Shoshone, half-Ute band of
731:made by the Utes as early as the 16th century.
202:people, of the Ute tribe and culture among the
5625:American Indian Wars § West of the Mississippi
5178:Colorado Experience; The Wickiup Investigation
5028:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT19.
3738:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT33.
1442:relations with Northern and Eastern Shoshone.
1350:Eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains from
1192:Colorado River in western and central Colorado
6151:
5752:
5252:
5051:"U. Officially Files Appeal on Utes Nickname"
5025:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico
4902:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230â231.
3994:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico
3972:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 209.
3706:
3704:
2745:, chief of the Sanpete tribe, and brother of
2739:, (b. 1935), dancer, author, and spiritualist
1601:
8:
5022:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (May 18, 2011).
4929:. University Press of Colorado. p. 26.
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4395:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3195:
3193:
3191:
33:
4476:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4337:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4256:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4213:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3180:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
2934:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 1â3.
1873:, as well as two reservations in Colorado,
1018:, along the southern and eastern shores of
27:Native American people in the United States
6158:
6144:
6136:
5934:
5813:
5759:
5745:
5737:
5433:
5308:
5259:
5245:
5237:
5091:Primitive society and its vital statistics
4814:"Panel Quashes Debate on Ceremonial Pipes"
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4644:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000).
4090:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000).
3673:"Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah"
3330:. City of Colorado Springs. Archived from
3253:. History Colorado. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
2972:University of Pittsburgh PhD dissertation.
2353:, for whom the eastern capital is named).
1949:and signed the Peace Treaty of AbiquiĂș at
1608:
1594:
1586:
1507:, moved out from the mountains and became
851:
833:Utes. The Southern Ute Tribes include the
560:The old Ute Pass Trail went eastward from
557:tanning of hides and processing of meat."
472:There were ancestral Utes in southwestern
39:
32:
4761:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp.
4538:
4536:
4034:
4032:
4030:
3519:. Westcliffe Publishers. pp. 48â49.
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2769:arrived and leader during the Walker War.
2051:On November 9, 1878, leaders of the
548:, meaning sun mountain. Living a nomadic
368:, which are found almost entirely in the
4970:. University of Oklahoma Press. p.
4639:
4637:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2105:signed an executive order to remove the
1982:On October 7, 1863, leaders of the
1967:signed an executive order reserving the
1897:are standing. Front from left to right:
1417:and other pueblos. They traded with the
1263:and its northern tributaries and in the
5716:Southern Ute Cultural Center and Museum
5604:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker
4650:. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 185â.
4075:. San Juan Silver Stage. Archived from
3996:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
3815:. Colorado State University. p. 4.
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3314:Manitou Springs. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
2968:Catherine Louise Sweeney Fowler. 1972.
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2763:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker
2514:
2503:
2415:
1065:of the Tavaputs Plateau near the Grand-
624:buttes in southeastern Utah became the
6380:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
6185:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
5212:Encyclopedia of North American Indians
4469:
4388:
4330:
4249:
4206:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3449:Davenport, Coral (December 28, 2016).
2422:. The Gourd dance originates from the
2338:ruins. Their land includes the sacred
2245:, formerly called the Tabeguache Utes.
1389:Relationships with other First Nations
310:in northeastern Utah (3,500 members);
257:acquisition of horses from the Spanish
6120:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
5706:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
5282:Native Americans in the United States
4923:Beaton, Gail M. (November 15, 2012).
4599:Red Willow Production Company website
4096:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 185.
3966:Jordan, Julia A. (October 22, 2014).
3832:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 103.
3710:D'Azevedo, Warren L., Volume Editor.
2958:. Southwest Museum. 1985. p. 11.
1895:Charles Adams (Colorado Indian agent)
750:Distribution of Ute Indian bands: 1.
439:-speaking tribesâthe Utes, Shoshone,
204:Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
7:
6419:Native American tribes in New Mexico
5564:(leader during Battle of Milk Creek)
4896:Wilk, Stephen R. (October 7, 2013).
4449:Forty-seventh United States Congress
4229:Thirty-eighth United States Congress
4186:Thirty-eighth United States Congress
2630:that were used by Utes as medicine.
2286:The Southern Ute Tribes include the
2071:and relinquishing all other land in
1986:signed the Tabeguache Treaty at the
1560:Contact with other European settlers
1089:Seuvarits (Sahyehpeech / Sheberetch)
393:Indigenous tribes of the Great Basin
331:is unknown; it is first attested as
70:Regions with significant populations
5490:Spring Creek Archeological District
4587:Red Cedar Gathering Company website
2655:'s athletic teams are known as the
2217:that were not assimilated into the
2101:On January 5, 1882, President
1871:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
1183:Sabuagana (Saguaguana / Akanaquint)
248:, with whom they traded regularly.
143:, traditional tribal religion, and
6409:Native American tribes in Colorado
5588:(dancer, author, and spiritualist)
5522:(leader during the Black Hawk War)
5479:Mineral springs at Manitou Springs
4427:Forty-sixth United States Congress
4310:Forty-third United States Congress
2759:, dancer, choreographer, and actor
2377:Utes have self-governed since the
2155:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation
2149:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation
2044:The Utes relinquished land in the
1953:with new U.S. Indian Commissioner
554:mineral springs at Manitou Springs
25:
5528:, also called Sapiah, (Ute chief)
4865:BBC Big Bang on triboluminescence
4789:Denver: An Archaeological History
3601:Denver: An Archaeological History
3387:– via DaveHughesLegacy.net.
2970:"Comparative Numic Ethnobiology".
2396:Council of Energy Resource Tribes
2188:Council of Energy Resource Tribes
2021:signed the Ute Treaty of 1868 in
900:West of the Wasatch Range in the
314:in Colorado (1,500 members); and
6414:Native American tribes in Nevada
6167:
5768:
4885:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00247.x
4839:Clark, Cody (February 2, 2013).
3205:Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum
3134:Pritzker, Barry (2000). "Utes".
2928:GivĂłn, Talmy (January 1, 2011).
2820:
2806:
2792:
2677:) is a member of the Ute Nation.
2575:
2559:
2547:
2523:
2506:
2364:American Indian boarding schools
1401:valley at annual trade fairs or
944:and in the vicinity of Fish Lake
464:The Ute Trail, later called the
435:are Western Numic. The Southern
177:
100:
88:
76:
54:Chief Severo and family, c. 1899
48:
6320:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
5875:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
5534:(Ouray's wife and Ute delegate)
4288:Fortieth United States Congress
3579:. Utah State Historical Society
2256:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
2250:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
2129:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
2069:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
1929:Map of present-day reservations
1879:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
1313:, they were also living in the
802:. University Press of Colorado.
451:Ute ancestral lands and culture
6424:Native American tribes in Utah
5794:Outline of Colorado prehistory
5606:(leader during the Walker War)
5203:Ute Tribe Education Department
4616:fourcornersmotorcyclerally.com
3174:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912).
3049:University of New Mexico Press
2111:Uncompahgre Indian Reservation
1905:US Secretary of the Interior;
1473:DominguezâEscalante expedition
610:DomĂnguezâEscalante expedition
1:
5222:Four Corners Motorcycle Rally
5155:Silbernagel, Robert. (2011).
5140:McPherson, Robert S. (2011).
4962:Young, Richard Keith (1997).
4753:Young, Richard Keith (1997).
3992:Simmons, Virginia McConnell.
3947:Bright, William, ed. (2004).
3645:"History of the Southern Ute"
3230:Pikes Peak Historical Society
2298:, the latter of which are at
2025:The Utes were removed to the
1309:towards the west site of the
845:, the latter of which are at
666:campsite in near what is now
634:Uintah and Ouray Reservations
374:Colorado River Numic language
5726:Ute Indian Rights Settlement
5469:Bears Ears National Monument
4998:Handbook of Medicinal Plants
4545:UINTAH AND OURAY RESERVATION
3953:University of Oklahoma Press
3606:University Press of Colorado
3485:United States Forest Service
2040:signed the Brunot Treaty in
2027:Consolidated Ute Reservation
1988:Tabaquache Agency at Conejos
1857:(1865â72) occurred in Utah.
1511:as did others including the
642:United States Forest Service
626:Bears Ears National Monument
620:Public land surrounding the
5227:White River/Meeker Massacre
4879:Coloration Technology 2010
4718:"Albuquerque Indian School"
3424:"Canyon Pintado's Rock Art"
2599:Native American ethnobotany
1935:Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
1354:, Colorado in the north to
706:, depending upon the area.
596:Rio Blanco County, Colorado
366:Uto-Aztecan language family
291:when the religious sect of
6440:
5680:(Northern Ute Tribe, Utah)
5088:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
5001:. CRC Press. p. 133.
4009:William B. Butler (2012).
3922:William B. Butler (2012).
3897:William B. Butler (2012).
3398:William B. Butler (2012).
3043:David Leedom Shaul. 2014.
2596:
2123:On June 6, 1940, the
1311:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
283:to the government-created
6374:
5701:Indian Reorganization Act
5686:(West-southwest Colorado)
5570:(Uncompahgre band leader)
5486:(later Old Spanish Trail)
5193:Southern Ute Indian Tribe
4926:Colorado Women: A History
4601:, accessed 12 April 2009,
4589:, accessed 12 April 2009.
4011:The Fur Trade in Colorado
3969:Plains Apache Ethnobotany
3924:The Fur Trade in Colorado
3899:The Fur Trade in Colorado
3649:Southern Ute Indian Tribe
3513:Sullivan, Gordon (2005).
3400:The Fur Trade in Colorado
3353:Howbert, Irving (1970) .
3201:"Ute Indians of Colorado"
2715:, Native American flutist
2616:the roots and flowers of
2406:Spirituality and religion
2379:Indian Reorganization Act
2113:in the Territory of Utah.
2098:in the Territory of Utah.
2033:in the Territory of Utah.
1625:
1574:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
1358:, New Mexico in the south
817:. The bands included the
638:Bureau of Land Management
251:After contact with early
198:) are the indigenous, or
155:
139:
119:
74:
64:
47:
38:
5896:Battle of Beecher Island
5552:(last traditional chief)
5127:University of Utah Press
4553:Bureau of Indian Affairs
4412:United States of America
4376:Pagosa Springs, Colorado
4353:United States of America
4273:United States of America
4153:United States of America
4119:United States of America
3362:. The Rio Grande Press.
2889:. Retrieved 27 Feb 2014.
2701:Black Hawk War (1865â72)
2332:Mesa Verde National Park
2324:Mesa Verde National Park
2312:Ute Mountain Reservation
2306:Ute Mountain Reservation
2137:Ute Mountain Reservation
2065:Pagosa Springs, Colorado
2031:Uinta Valley Reservation
2012:Uinta Valley Reservation
1446:Contact with the Spanish
1267:including eastern Utah.
364:-speaking branch of the
339:, meaning 'the people'.
5674:(Southwestern Colorado)
5546:(Weeminuche band chief)
3790:. SAGE. p. PT740.
3764:www.timpanogostribe.com
3144:Oxford University Press
2828:Native Americans portal
2671:comics of the same name
2424:Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma
2266:and Ignacio, Colorado.
2162:1861, it is located in
2063:signed an agreement at
1259:, in the Valley of the
1026:, and in Heber Valley,
427:are Central Numic, and
327:The origin of the word
236:There were 11 historic
6080:Cynthia Irwin-Williams
5880:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
5799:Prehistory of Colorado
5711:Prehistory of Colorado
5446:Native American Church
5198:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
5121:Jones, Sondra (2019).
4722:Historic Albuerquerque
4131:"Treaty with the Utah"
3428:Colorado Life Magazine
2664:the television series
2612:
2452:Native American Church
2427:
2157:is the second-largest
1930:
1922:
1914:
1901:of the Southern Utes;
1875:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
1500:
803:
772:Seuvarits (Sheberetch)
718:
655:
598:
533:
469:
357:
141:Native American Church
6125:Trail of the Ancients
5594:(Sanpete tribe chief)
4696:. SAGE. p. 648.
4231:(February 23, 1865).
4129:(December 30, 1849).
3858:National Park Service
3826:Carson, Phil (1998).
2931:Ute Reference Grammar
2881:"Ute-Southern Paiute"
2606:
2413:
1928:
1920:
1892:
1535:, meaning enemy. The
1494:
1393:The Utes traded with
749:
712:
650:
586:
524:
463:
395:, including the Ute,
384:(Aztecan) of Mexico.
370:Western United States
355:
151:Related ethnic groups
6073:Noted archaeologists
6044:Dismal River culture
6005:Mount Albion complex
5808:Contemporary peoples
4950:Chamberlin, Ralph V.
4367:(November 9, 1878).
3076:Indians of Colorado.
2814:United States portal
2641:When the Legends Die
2483:Salt Lake City, Utah
2418:dancer performs the
1960:On October 3, 1861,
1951:AbiquiĂș (New Mexico)
1460:that paralleled the
668:Arches National Park
653:Arches National Park
380:to Colorado and the
348:Numic language group
295:arrived (1853), the
275:. They entered into
6090:Waldo Rudolph Wedel
6034:Ancestral Puebloans
6000:Basketmaker culture
5929:Precontact cultures
5916:Sand Creek massacre
5349:(Parianuche, Yampa)
5303:within contemporary
4565:Pritzker, Barry M.
4159:(October 7, 1863).
3883:. 2002. p. 43.
3575:Lewis, David Rich.
2568:mechanoluminescence
2490:mechanoluminescence
2370:or other diseases.
2127:separated from the
2067:, establishing the
1844:an 1858 gold strike
1688:Gunnison Expedition
1659:Battle at Fort Utah
1652:Ojo Caliente Canyon
1381:, near what is now
976:Sevier River Valley
660:Ancestral Puebloans
651:Ute petroglyphs at
343:History and culture
35:
6404:Ute (ethnic group)
6174:Indigenous peoples
6085:Paul Sidney Martin
5810:native to Colorado
5776:Indigenous peoples
5684:Ute Mountain Tribe
5615:Westward expansion
5582:(Ute-Paiute chief)
5576:(Ute-Paiute chief)
5232:Utah History to Go
5182:Rocky Mountain PBS
5125:. Salt Lake City:
5049:Stephen Speckman.
4820:. February 1, 1995
4492:Ute Mountain Tribe
4312:(April 29, 1874).
4071:Kathryn R. Burke.
3494:on January 1, 2017
3456:The New York Times
3430:. JulyâAugust 2014
2905:2012-10-04 at the
2841:Pinhook Draw fight
2774:Population history
2733:, Ute-Paiute chief
2727:, Ute-Paiute chief
2653:University of Utah
2644:(1963), a book by
2634:In popular culture
2613:
2473:Ceremonial objects
2428:
2336:Ancestral Puebloan
2334:and includes many
2328:Navajo Reservation
2282:Southern Ute Tribe
2194:Northern Ute Tribe
2159:Indian Reservation
2133:Ute Mountain Tribe
2096:Uintah Reservation
2048:desired by miners.
2046:San Juan Mountains
1996:Continental Divide
1969:Uinta River Valley
1931:
1923:
1915:
1785:Pinhook Draw fight
1501:
1499:marked for battle.
1496:John Wesley Powell
1305:, and east of the
1265:San Juan Mountains
1030:and Sanpete Valley
1005:Timpanogots NĂșuchi
804:
742:Historic Ute bands
719:
656:
599:
570:Garden of the Gods
534:
526:Henry Chapman Ford
480:by 1300, living a
470:
358:
253:European colonists
6386:
6385:
6133:
6132:
6103:
6102:
6054:Panhandle culture
5972:Plainview complex
5924:
5923:
5906:Comanche Campaign
5734:
5733:
5721:Ute Indian Museum
5508:
5507:
5423:
5422:
5165:978-1-60781-129-9
5150:978-1-60781-145-9
5135:978-1-60781-657-7
5035:978-1-4571-0989-8
5008:978-1-56022-995-7
4981:978-0-8061-2968-6
4936:978-1-4571-7382-0
4909:978-0-19-937131-0
4799:978-0-87081-984-1
4772:978-0-8061-2968-6
4703:978-1-4129-0550-3
4657:978-1-55566-262-2
4575:978-0-19-513877-1
4451:(July 28, 1882).
4418:(June 15, 1880).
4279:(March 2, 1868).
4103:978-1-55566-262-2
4079:on March 5, 2016.
4020:978-1-937851-02-6
3979:978-0-8061-8581-1
3933:978-1-937851-02-6
3908:978-1-937851-02-6
3839:978-1-55566-216-5
3797:978-1-4129-0550-3
3745:978-1-60732-116-3
3720:978-0-16-004581-3
3615:978-0-87081-984-1
3526:978-1-56579-481-8
3409:978-1-937851-02-6
3289:978-1-56579-429-0
3157:978-0-19-513877-1
3030:978-1-4129-0550-3
2941:978-90-272-0284-0
2846:Ute Indian Museum
2753:is named for him.
2347:Ute Mountain Utes
2272:Ignacio, Colorado
2103:Chester A. Arthur
2094:to remove to the
2082:to remove to the
2008:Territory of Utah
1973:Territory of Utah
1838:
1837:
1693:Gunnison Massacre
1554:warrior societies
1371:
1370:
1252:Colorado and Utah
1236:Uintah and Ouray
1223:Uncompahgre River
1215:Colorado and Utah
1212:Tavi'wachi NĂșuchi
1174:Uintah and Ouray
1159:Colorado and Utah
1143:Uintah and Ouray
1110:Uintah and Ouray
1039:Uintah and Ouray
992:Uintah and Ouray
476:and southeastern
466:Old Spanish Trail
170:
169:
16:(Redirected from
6431:
6335:
6327:Ancestral Pueblo
6172:
6171:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6137:
6108:Related articles
6039:Apishapa culture
6010:Oshara tradition
5967:Hell Gap complex
5957:Folsom tradition
5935:
5839:Jicarilla Apache
5814:
5773:
5772:
5761:
5754:
5747:
5738:
5694:Related articles
5678:Uintah and Ouray
5550:Chief Jack House
5526:Buckskin Charley
5434:
5347:White River Utes
5309:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5238:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5019:
5013:
5012:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4969:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4893:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4760:
4750:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4685:
4662:
4661:
4641:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4521:www.utetribe.com
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4494:(June 6, 1940).
4488:
4482:
4481:
4475:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4457:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4424:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4373:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4285:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4052:on July 20, 2011
4051:
4045:. Archived from
4044:
4036:
4025:
4024:
4006:
3997:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3729:
3723:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3641:
3620:
3619:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3572:
3531:
3530:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3487:. Archived from
3482:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3361:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3324:
3315:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3279:Best of Colorado
3274:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3197:
3186:
3185:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3141:
3131:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3058:
3052:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3012:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2925:
2914:
2911:US Census Bureau
2896:
2890:
2878:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2619:Abronia fragrans
2609:Abronia fragrans
2579:
2563:
2551:
2527:
2510:
2316:Towaoc, Colorado
2314:is located near
2229:White River Utes
2225:, and Seuvarits.
2184:Wasatch Counties
2086:of Colorado and
2042:Washington, D.C.
2023:Washington, D.C.
1977:American Indians
1955:James S. Calhoun
1804:Cottonwood Gulch
1707:Black Hawk's War
1620:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1587:
1464:cultures of the
1431:Jicarilla Apache
1399:Rio Grande River
1377:who lived above
1344:Moghwachi NĂșuchi
1136:White River Utes
1093:Seuvarits NĂșuchi
1079:Uintah and Ouray
1016:Mount Timpanogos
852:
692:Jicarilla Apache
630:Ute Mountain Ute
511:Colorado Springs
382:Nahuan languages
269:gold prospectors
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
157:Southern Paiutes
106:
104:
103:
94:
92:
91:
82:
80:
79:
60:Total population
52:
43:
36:
21:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6370:
6331:
6315:
6242:Southern Paiute
6180:
6166:
6164:
6134:
6129:
6099:
6068:
6049:Fremont culture
6019:
5981:
5930:
5920:
5911:Meeker Massacre
5884:
5863:
5809:
5803:
5782:
5767:
5765:
5735:
5730:
5689:
5660:
5655:Meeker Massacre
5617:
5609:
5556:R. Carlos Nakai
5504:
5461:
5460:Ancestral lands
5455:
5438:
5429:
5419:
5399:
5398:Integrated with
5393:
5375:
5352:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5270:
5265:
5174:
5118:
5116:Further reading
5113:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5009:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4875:Timothy Dawson
4874:
4870:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4765:, 69, 272â278.
4752:
4751:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4687:
4686:
4665:
4658:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4627:
4623:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4564:
4560:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4468:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4422:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4387:
4380:
4378:
4371:
4365:Weeminuche Utes
4351:
4350:
4346:
4329:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4248:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4205:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4188:(May 5, 1864).
4184:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:Tabeguache Utes
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4028:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3709:
3702:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3623:
3616:
3608:. p. 122.
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3534:
3527:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3370:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3334:on July 3, 2014
3326:
3325:
3318:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3133:
3132:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3055:
3047:. Albuquerque:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3014:
3013:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2907:Wayback Machine
2897:
2893:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2776:
2767:Mormon Pioneers
2713:R. Carlos Nakai
2693:
2669:, based on the
2636:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2552:
2543:
2532:Uncompahgre Ute
2530:An early 1900s
2528:
2519:
2511:
2475:
2408:
2392:
2359:
2308:
2284:
2252:
2196:
2151:
2146:
2125:Weeminuche Utes
2107:Tabeguache Utes
2080:Tabeguache Utes
2061:Weeminuche Utes
1992:San Luis Valley
1984:Tabeguache Utes
1965:Abraham Lincoln
1887:
1867:Meeker Massacre
1839:
1834:
1773:Meeker Massacre
1766:White River War
1621:
1616:
1614:
1581:Mormon settlers
1566:San Luis Valley
1562:
1489:
1487:Warrior culture
1453:San Luis Valley
1448:
1405:held in at the
1391:
1379:Great Salt Lake
1315:San Luis Valley
1301:, south of the
1257:Abajo Mountains
1168:White River Ute
1123:'Iya-paa NĂșuchi
980:San Pitch River
875:
870:
865:
744:
715:Uncompahgre Ute
676:
618:
578:Rocky Mountains
574:Manitou Springs
550:hunter-gatherer
540:Ute's name for
519:
482:hunter-gatherer
458:
453:
441:Southern Paiute
429:Northern Paiute
413:Southern Paiute
350:
345:
325:
301:Meeker Massacre
273:ancestral lands
242:Native American
200:Native American
180:
176:
101:
99:
89:
87:
77:
75:
55:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6437:
6435:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6296:Western Apache
6293:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6279:Akimel O'odham
6276:
6274:Tohono OÊŒodham
6266:
6265:
6264:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
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6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6015:Picosa culture
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5977:Plano cultures
5974:
5969:
5964:
5962:Goshen complex
5959:
5954:
5949:
5947:Clovis culture
5943:
5941:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
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5805:
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5708:
5703:
5697:
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5690:
5688:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5649:Black Hawk War
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5621:
5619:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5601:
5598:Raoul Trujillo
5595:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5516:
5514:
5513:Notable people
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
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5442:
5440:
5431:
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5412:
5406:
5404:
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5377:
5376:
5374:
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5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5306:
5301:Historic bands
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5173:
5172:External links
5170:
5169:
5168:
5153:
5138:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5097:
5080:
5066:
5041:
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4987:
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4663:
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4591:
4579:
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4263:
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4082:
4063:
4026:
4019:
3998:
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3932:
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3886:
3870:
3845:
3838:
3818:
3803:
3796:
3776:
3751:
3744:
3724:
3700:
3691:"Ute Memories"
3682:
3661:
3621:
3614:
3590:
3532:
3525:
3505:
3469:
3441:
3415:
3408:
3390:
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3302:
3288:
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3255:
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3217:
3187:
3163:
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3081:
3067:
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2915:
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2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2817:
2803:
2800:History portal
2787:
2784:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2757:Raoul Trujillo
2754:
2751:Sanpete County
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2692:
2691:Notable people
2689:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2666:Resident Alien
2660:
2649:
2635:
2632:
2597:Main article:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2505:
2474:
2471:
2407:
2404:
2391:
2388:
2358:
2355:
2307:
2304:
2283:
2280:
2276:Houston, Texas
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2226:
2195:
2192:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2092:Yamparica Utes
2076:
2049:
2034:
2015:
2003:
1980:
1962:U.S. President
1958:
1886:
1883:
1855:Black Hawk War
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:Bluff Skirmish
1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1749:Thistle Valley
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Fountain Green
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Point of Rocks
1633:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1561:
1558:
1529:Plains Indians
1509:Plains Indians
1488:
1485:
1447:
1444:
1390:
1387:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1295:
1292:
1291:Kapuuta NĂșuchi
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1261:San Juan River
1253:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:Colorado River
1160:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:Colorado River
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1009:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
982:
978:and along the
972:Sanpete Valley
969:
966:
964:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
938:
935:
933:
928:
924:
923:
920:
917:
912:
898:
895:
893:
888:
884:
883:
880:
879:Tribe Grouping
877:
872:
867:
862:
859:
856:
743:
740:
675:
672:
664:Fremont people
617:
614:
606:Fremont people
562:Monument Creek
518:
515:
490:San Juan River
457:
454:
452:
449:
378:Colorado River
349:
346:
344:
341:
324:
321:
297:Black Hawk War
168:
167:
153:
152:
148:
147:
137:
136:
132:
131:
129:Ute (NĂșuchi-u)
117:
116:
112:
111:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6436:
6425:
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6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
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6400:
6397:
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6381:
6378:
6373:
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6364:
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6344:
6342:
6339:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
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6318:
6312:
6309:
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6299:
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6294:
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6141:
6138:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6095:Joe Ben Wheat
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6062:
6060:
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6016:
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5990:
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5953:
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5927:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
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5904:
5902:
5899:
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5891:
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5870:
5866:
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5842:
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5827:
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5806:
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5795:
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5699:
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5692:
5685:
5682:
5679:
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5673:
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5669:
5667:
5663:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:and conflicts
5616:
5612:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5544:Chief Ignacio
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5484:Old Ute Trail
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Cañon Pintado
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5432:
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5411:
5408:
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5390:
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5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
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5359:
5355:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5299:
5293:
5292:Ute mythology
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5250:
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5242:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
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5215:
5213:
5209:
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5183:
5179:
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5175:
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5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5098:
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5092:
5084:
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5076:
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5067:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4991:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4832:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4758:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4547:
4546:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4458:. p. 178
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4429:. p. 199
4428:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4377:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4290:. p. 619
4289:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4238:. p. 432
4234:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4195:. p. 673
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4166:. p. 673
4162:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4144:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4073:"Chief Ouray"
4067:
4064:
4048:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3950:
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3940:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3891:
3887:
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3881:
3874:
3871:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3831:
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3822:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3777:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3594:
3591:
3578:
3577:"Ute Indians"
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
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3539:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3479:
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3470:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3369:0-87380-044-3
3365:
3358:
3357:
3349:
3346:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3232:. 17 May 2014
3231:
3227:
3226:"Ute Indians"
3221:
3218:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3130:
3128:
3126:
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3120:
3118:
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3114:
3112:
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3098:
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3078:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3046:
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3037:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2956:The Masterkey
2951:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2856:Ute mythology
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2804:
2801:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2747:Chief Walkara
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
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2698:
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2631:
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2621:
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2600:
2592:
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2578:
2573:
2569:
2562:
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2550:
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2537:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:vision quests
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2351:Chief Ignacio
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:(San Pitch),
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1919:
1912:
1909:and his wife
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:Chief Ignacio
1896:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Gravelly Ford
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Salina Canyon
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
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1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:Jicarilla War
1628:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:Wet Mountains
1567:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Plains Apache
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:Plains Indian
1457:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Conejos River
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1249:WÊgama NĂșuchi
1248:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:PariyÊ NĂșuchi
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:Uintah NĂșuchi
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Wasatch Range
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
977:
973:
970:
967:
965:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
939:
936:
934:
932:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:
894:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
873:
868:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:, Seuvartis,
824:
820:
816:
811:
807:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
741:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
716:
711:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
654:
649:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
602:Cañon Pintado
597:
593:
589:
588:Cañon Pintado
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
531:
527:
523:
516:
514:
513:of Colorado.
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Fort Duchesne
496:
491:
486:
483:
479:
475:
467:
462:
455:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
354:
347:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:American West
261:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
195:
174:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
109:
97:
85:
84:United States
73:
68:
63:
58:
51:
46:
42:
37:
19:
6376:
6291:Southern Ute
6290:
6286:Tonto Apache
6059:Sopris phase
5995:Apex complex
5952:Cody complex
5939:Paleo-Indian
5901:Colorado War
5889:Major events
5868:Reservations
5858:
5672:Southern Ute
5665:Reservations
5643:Colorado War
5439:and religion
5381:Ute Mountain
5338:(Tabeguache)
5267:
5211:
5156:
5141:
5122:
5100:
5090:
5083:
5069:
5058:. Retrieved
5055:Deseret News
5044:
5024:
5017:
4997:
4990:
4965:
4957:
4945:
4925:
4918:
4898:
4891:
4876:
4871:
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4845:Daily Herald
4844:
4834:
4822:. Retrieved
4818:Deseret News
4817:
4808:
4788:
4781:
4756:
4725:. Retrieved
4721:
4712:
4693:
4646:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4594:
4582:
4566:
4561:
4544:
4524:. Retrieved
4520:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4486:
4460:. Retrieved
4443:
4431:. Retrieved
4405:
4379:. Retrieved
4347:
4321:. Retrieved
4319:. p. 36
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4266:
4240:. Retrieved
4223:
4197:. Retrieved
4180:
4168:. Retrieved
4146:
4134:. Retrieved
4127:Mouache Utes
4112:
4092:
4085:
4077:the original
4066:
4054:. Retrieved
4047:the original
4010:
3993:
3988:
3968:
3961:
3948:
3942:
3923:
3917:
3898:
3879:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3857:
3848:
3828:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3786:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3763:
3754:
3734:
3727:
3711:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3652:. Retrieved
3648:
3600:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3515:
3508:
3498:December 31,
3496:. Retrieved
3489:the original
3472:
3460:. Retrieved
3454:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3427:
3418:
3399:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3355:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3332:the original
3310:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3278:
3272:
3263:
3258:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3229:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3176:
3137:
3075:
3070:
3061:
3056:
3044:
3039:
3020:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2930:
2894:
2884:
2781:
2777:
2683:Cold Pursuit
2681:
2665:
2639:
2628:Provo Canyon
2617:
2614:
2607:
2515:Northern Ute
2492:. They used
2487:
2479:
2476:
2464:
2449:
2429:
2416:Northern Ute
2400:
2393:
2376:
2372:
2368:tuberculosis
2360:
2344:
2340:Ute Mountain
2320:Four Corners
2309:
2300:Ute Mountain
2285:
2268:
2253:
2231:consists of
2207:Uintah tribe
2197:
2152:
2144:Reservations
2084:Grand Valley
1947:Mouache Utes
1932:
1859:
1848:
1840:
1799:Ute Mountain
1754:Diamond Fork
1578:
1563:
1550:
1532:
1502:
1470:
1466:Great Plains
1458:
1449:
1402:
1392:
1372:
1319:Animas River
1299:Great Divide
1297:East of the
1277:Ute Mountain
1273:Ute Mountain
1063:Uintah Basin
902:Pavant Range
882:Reservation
847:Ute Mountain
812:
808:
805:
737:
733:
720:
700:sweat lodges
677:
657:
619:
600:
559:
545:
535:
529:
507:Fort Collins
501:in Utah and
487:
471:
386:
359:
336:
332:
328:
326:
316:Ute Mountain
312:Southern Ute
308:Uintah-Ouray
305:
285:reservations
262:
250:
235:
216:
172:
171:
145:Christianity
65:4,800â10,000
30:Ethnic group
6341:Basketmaker
6207:Halchidhoma
5931:in Colorado
5645:(1863â1865)
5633:(1848â1923)
5627:(1811â1924)
5600:(performer)
5586:Joseph Rael
5568:Chief Ouray
5540:(Ute chief)
5428:Culture and
5336:Uncompahgre
5287:Ute dialect
5208:Ute article
3695:utefans.net
3146:. pp.
2737:Joseph Rael
2646:Hal Borland
2593:Ethnobotany
2437:sweat lodge
2420:Gourd Dance
2390:Modern life
2243:Uncompahgre
2109:to the new
2000:Middle Park
1907:Chief Ouray
1903:Carl Schurz
1734:Circleville
1724:Pipe Spring
1719:Squaw Fight
1647:Cieneguilla
1642:Wagon Mound
1411:Santa Clara
1383:Ogden, Utah
1229:Uncompahgre
1132:Valley area
1130:Yampa River
1033:Timpanogots
1028:Uinta Basin
1024:Utah Valley
1001:Timpanogots
906:Sevier Lake
764:Timpanogots
590:, south of
389:Great Basin
244:tribes and
161:Chemehuevis
6399:Ute people
6393:Categories
6197:Chiricahua
6192:Chemehuevi
5637:Walker War
5520:Black Hawk
5462:and trails
5437:Ceremonies
5389:Weeminuche
5331:Timpanogos
5268:Ute people
5060:2009-05-20
4526:2018-04-16
4416:Ute Nation
4277:Ute Nation
2886:Ethnologue
2862:References
2836:Otto Mears
2697:Black Hawk
2675:Sara Tomko
2445:Bear Dance
2296:Weeminuche
2294:, and the
2237:Parianuche
2223:Timpanogos
2088:Parianuche
2038:Ute Nation
2019:Ute Nation
1851:Walker War
1830:Comb Ridge
1778:Milk Creek
1700:Tintic War
1671:Walker War
1307:Rio Grande
1270:Weeminuche
1245:Weeminuche
1208:Tabeguache
1152:Parianuche
843:Weeminuche
841:, and the
827:Timpanogos
792:Weeminuche
788:Tabeguache
780:Parianuche
622:Bears Ears
542:Pikes Peak
538:Tabeguache
493:cities of
445:Chemehuevi
409:Chemehuevi
289:Walker War
231:New Mexico
18:Ute People
6377:See also:
6333:dwellings
6262:Hopi-Tewa
6212:Havasupai
6064:Tipi ring
5651:(1865â72)
5558:(flutist)
5451:Sun Dance
5326:Seuvarits
5321:San Pitch
4501:March 16,
4462:March 16,
4433:March 16,
4381:March 16,
4323:March 16,
4294:March 16,
4242:March 16,
4199:March 16,
4170:March 16,
4136:March 16,
4056:April 14,
4040:"Chipeta"
2851:Ute music
2467:Mormonism
2441:Sun Dance
1818:Posey War
1792:Bluff War
1759:Last Raid
1664:Fort Utah
1505:Comanches
1423:Havasupai
1395:Puebloans
1367:Southern
1356:Las Vegas
1059:Utah Lake
1020:Utah Lake
985:San Pitch
910:Fish Lake
819:San Pitch
784:Sabuagana
724:Utah Lake
696:Puebloans
684:Shoshones
532:, by 1894
323:Etymology
281:relocated
246:Puebloans
115:Languages
6351:Mogollon
6227:Maricopa
6222:Hualapai
5854:Shoshone
5834:Comanche
5829:Cheyenne
5787:Overview
5780:Colorado
5631:Ute Wars
5592:Sanpitch
5562:Nicaagat
5500:Ute Pass
5430:religion
5410:Moanunts
5358:Southern
5313:Northern
5275:Overview
4850:June 21,
4824:June 21,
4727:June 20,
4472:cite web
4414:and the
4391:cite web
4355:and the
4333:cite web
4275:and the
4252:cite web
4209:cite web
4155:and the
4121:and the
3863:June 18,
3769:June 18,
3677:utah.gov
3654:June 18,
3583:June 17,
3462:June 17,
3434:June 21,
3383:June 17,
3378:73115107
3236:June 14,
3023:. SAGE.
2903:Archived
2786:See also
2743:Sanpitch
2585:Shoshone
2264:Bayfield
2168:Duchesne
2073:Colorado
1863:San Juan
1825:Blanding
1618:Ute Wars
1533:kÉšmantsi
1513:Cheyenne
1477:Moanunts
1403:rescates
1375:Cumumbas
1364:Southern
1347:Colorado
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