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in 1998. The conflict came to a head as Oxy prepared to drill at the
Gibraltar 1 test site. The U'wa, who had previously threatened to commit mass suicide if the oil extraction project went forward, constructed a small village on the site of the drillsite. They also set up numerous roadblocks and a
592:
The U'wa were grouped into eight clans from time immemorial to the 20th century. Three clans survived their dramatic population loss in the last hundred years and structure their communal life today: Kubaruwa (Cobaria), Tagrinuwa (Tegria) and Kaibaká (Bokota), each of which includes multiple
583:
in the
Association of Cabildos and Traditional Indigenous Authorities of the Department of Arauca (ASCATIDAR), officially founded in June 2003 to promote the local autonomy of the department's indigenous peoples. The Association's president is Dario Tulivila, a Guahibo leader.
572:) from each of the U'wa clans. The system of Cabildos mandated by the Colombian state includes an upper and lower council or Cabildo Mayor and Cabildo Menor, as well as the positions of President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Public Prosecutor and Speaker.
528:
Their religious tradition includes an obligation to gather in the summer months and "sing the world into being" as well as to maintain equilibrium between the layers of the world: earth, water, oil, mountains, and sky. Their identification of
2019:
296:
The U'wa have been engaged in a major project of land recovery, expanding their recognized territory from 1,000 square kilometres (250,000 acres) to 2,200 square kilometres (540,000 acres) Unified
Reserve
818:
3223:
3270:
811:
682:"The U'wa Struggle To Protect Their Cultural Lands: A Framework for Reviewing Questions of Sovereignty and the Right to Environmental Integrity for Indigenous Peoples"
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1976:
693:
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624:
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1649:
3355:
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2092:
781:
2311:
790:
176:
The U'wa are known to neighboring indigenous peoples as "the thinking people" or "the people who speak well". They were formerly called
3255:
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dislodged the protesters from the site, no commercially viable deposits were found. The U'wa were then in a new dispute with
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233:, which was seeking to prospect for oil on their lands, after legal battles and non-violent protests, Ecopetrol withdrew.
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521:("people's tongue"). They have no written tradition and have passed down their knowledge and customs primarily through
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537:, with the blood of Mother Earth, stiffened their resolve in their conflict with oil corporations in the 1990s.
289:
and covers more than 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi). The area includes the headwaters of the
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1986:
1900:
720:
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1402:
560:
The U'wa organize their political life in a collection of institutions known to the outside world as the
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2328:
169:. Historically, the U'wa numbered as many as 20,000, scattered over a homeland that extended across the
2926:
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2102:
1964:
1792:
497:
385:
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3071:
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90:
82:
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1218:
1038:
573:
541:
488:
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443:
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213:
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293:. Historically, substantial portions of their homeland have been protected from any human access.
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1807:
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763:
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1205:
1083:
938:
755:
349:
2060:
746:
Stoddart, D.R. (1962). "Myth and
Ceremonial among the Tunebo Indians of Eastern Colombia".
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1709:
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1213:
983:
724:
610:
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1981:
1910:
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893:
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The U'wa inhabited the highlands of northernmost Boyacá and western Arauca and
Casanare.
212:
seek to drill on their land. Their representative to the outside world in this struggle,
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2009:
1930:
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45:
Map of
Chibcha languages; the U'wa are represented by the easternmost yellow dot
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225:) a regional social strike that paralyzed the surrounding area. Although the
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They gained international visibility in a 14-year-long struggle to prevent
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1153:
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1088:
1073:
858:
518:
107:
767:
540:
The U'wa consider non-U'wa to be impure, and place high importance on
27:
Indigenous people living in the cloud forests of northeastern
Colombia
2677:
2170:
2097:
1797:
1658:
1128:
1103:
1023:
1008:
998:
868:
569:
2261:
710:, Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario / Siglo del Hombre Editores, 2005.
759:
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522:
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2226:
1888:
1671:
1631:
800:
193:
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communities. The U'wa population includes some 822 families.
496:
464:
432:
408:
384:
348:
221:
coordinated (together with neighboring campesinos and the
1627:
196:
drilling on their land, which secured the withdrawal of
173:-Colombia border. Some 7-8,000 U'wa are alive today.
686:
Georgia
Journal of International and Comparative Law
544:, which makes interaction with outsiders difficult.
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2018:
1997:
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60:
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265:. Historically, they also populated what is now
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8:
33:
754:(296). American Folklore Society: 147–152.
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708:Petróleo, economía y cultura: El caso U'wa
311:
305:Municipalities belonging to U'wa territory
39:
32:
625:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
576:has served as president in recent years.
564:. This body is made up of Werjayás (wise
663:
661:
657:
277:The U'wa ancestral homeland, known as
696:from the original on 17 October 2015.
241:The U'wa people live in northeastern
7:
782:Rainforest Action Network background
61:Regions with significant populations
791:Minority Rights Group International
828:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia
579:The U'wa have affiliated with the
180:, but today prefer to be known as
25:
513:The U'wa speak a language of the
3371:People from Santander Department
3325:
3324:
2999:Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
2621:
748:The Journal of American Folklore
617:
603:
188:Struggle to prevent oil drilling
67:
3366:People from Casanare Department
729:IC Magazine (International Cry)
3351:Indigenous peoples in Colombia
3294:Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso
1617:Race and ethnicity in Colombia
1:
3361:People from Boyacá Department
3356:People from Arauca Department
2974:Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
2700:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
667:UNESCO Centre of Catalonia,
562:U'wa Traditional Authorities
556:U'wa leader Berito Kubaru'wa
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3299:Archaeology Museum of Pasca
218:Goldman Environmental Prize
3387:
3304:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2969:Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
2907:Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
1793:Battle of Chocontá (~1490)
304:
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3043:
3032:
3014:Battle of Tocarema (1538)
2964:Miguel Holguín y Figueroa
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2222:
1988:Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley
1895:
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1602:
793:. Accessed Oct. 22, 2017.
725:"Victory for U'wa Nation"
721:EarthRights International
680:Culler, Jenny R. (2001).
329:
322:
317:
314:
132:
122:
106:
65:
55:
38:
3266:University of Pittsburgh
3261:Universidad La Javeriana
3256:Universidad de los Andes
3038:Research and collections
245:, in the departments of
204:(Oxy), and continues as
2922:Hernán Venegas Carrillo
2897:Antonio Díaz de Cardoso
2504:Caciques and neighbours
1788:Battle of Pasca (~1470)
287:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
3009:Conquest of the Panche
2992:Neighbouring conquests
2228:Religion and mythology
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469:
437:
413:
389:
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2871:Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
1890:Geography and history
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128:Related ethnic groups
3251:Universidad Nacional
3004:Conquest of the Muzo
2912:Gonzalo García Zorro
2456:Mythological figures
2447:Monster of Lake Tota
2183:Muisca Confederation
542:purification rituals
202:Occidental Petroleum
184:, meaning "people".
3238:Research institutes
2979:Pedro Ruíz Corredor
1612:Lists of Colombians
787:Profile of the U'wa
723:(19 October 2015).
35:
2959:Martín Yañéz Tafur
2927:Juan de Albarracín
2902:Antonio de Lebrija
2881:Juan de San Martín
2866:Baltasar Maldonado
2856:Gonzalo de Quesada
2344:Goranchacha Temple
1998:Neighbouring areas
558:
533:, which they call
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354:
263:Northern Santander
227:Colombian military
95:Northern Santander
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2339:Cojines del Zaque
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2093:Piedras del Tunjo
1977:Flora & fauna
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198:Royal Dutch Shell
159:indigenous people
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112:Colombian Spanish
16:(Redirected from
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3045:
3034:
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2876:Juan de Céspedes
2846:
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2829:Spanish conquest
2824:
2784:Cariban-speaking
2723:Chibcha-speaking
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2523:
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2500:
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2411:Tequendama Falls
2406:
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2224:
2203:
2191:
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2152:
2119:
2112:
2105:
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2083:10,000 - 2800 BP
2063:
2046:
2037:
2025:
1989:
1960:
1897:
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574:Berito KuwarU'wa
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214:Berito Kuwaru'wa
165:of northeastern
123:Chibcha religion
73:
71:
70:
51:Total population
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36:
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2756:Arawak-speaking
2750:
2704:
2682:
2626:
2613:
2591:
2562:
2553:Quemuenchatocha
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2505:
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2415:
2404:
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2197:
2185:
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2117:
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2103:
2080:
2072:
2061:
2044:
2031:
2014:
1993:
1987:
1958:
1902:
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1845:The Salt People
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740:Further reading
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570:medicine people
568:) and Karekas (
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515:Chibchan family
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299:Resguardo Unido
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2951:
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2932:Juan del Junco
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2917:Gonzalo Macías
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2065:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2022:
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2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1968:
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1962:
1953:Bogotá savanna
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1907:
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1903:Cundiboyacense
1893:
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1221:
1210:
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1201:
1199:
1198:
1186:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1163:Non-indigenous
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
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956:
951:
946:
944:Embera-Wounaan
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
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901:
896:
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886:
881:
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838:
832:
831:
826:
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776:External links
774:
773:
772:
760:10.2307/538175
741:
738:
735:
734:
712:
706:Ángela Uribe,
699:
692:(2): 335–360.
672:
656:
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629:
628:
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360:Labranzagrande
356:
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332:
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285:, lies in the
274:
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161:living in the
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3323:
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3289:Museo del Oro
3287:
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3152:De Piedrahita
3150:
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3062:Acosta Samper
3060:
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2949:Luis Lanchero
2947:
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2851:
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2844:
2842:
2841:Conquistadors
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
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2789:
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2772:
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2767:
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2759:
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2737:
2734:
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2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
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2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Saguamanchica
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2601:Tundama
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
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2571:
2570:
2565:
2559:
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2400:
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2390:
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2380:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:Hunzahúa Well
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
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2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
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2275:
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2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2201:
2196:
2195:Cabildo Mayor
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2135:El Infiernito
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
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2090:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2045:Lake Humboldt
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:<10,000 BP
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Eastern Hills
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
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1926:Juan Amarillo
1924:
1922:
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1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
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1725:Mummification
1723:
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1090:
1087:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
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1067:
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1062:
1060:
1057:
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1050:
1047:
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1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
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912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
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847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
822:
817:
815:
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808:
803:
802:
799:
792:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
743:
739:
730:
726:
722:
716:
713:
709:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
673:
670:
664:
662:
658:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
615:
612:
601:
596:
594:
587:
585:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
554:
547:
545:
543:
538:
536:
532:
526:
524:
520:
516:
508:
499:
490:
483:
480:(shared with
477:
473:
467:
458:
451:
448:(shared with
445:
441:
435:
426:
421:
417:
411:
402:
397:
393:
387:
378:
371:
367:
364:(shared with
361:
357:
351:
342:
337:
333:
320:
313:
310:
302:
300:
294:
292:
291:Orinoco River
288:
284:
280:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
163:cloud forests
160:
156:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
64:
59:
54:
49:
42:
37:
19:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3196:Publications
2943:Lázaro Fonte
2730:
2687:
2643:
2633:
2596:
2567:
2558:Aquiminzaque
2526:
2516:
2439:
2312:Sacred sites
2247:Chiminigagua
2199:
2188:~1450 - 1540
2187:
2175:
2171:Early Muisca
2164:800 BC - 800
2163:
2148:
2133:
2129:Lake Herrera
2082:
2033:
2010:Tenza Valley
2005:Ocetá Páramo
1982:Suárez River
1911:Bogotá River
1827:
1695:Architecture
1504:Scandinavian
1118:
751:
747:
728:
715:
707:
702:
689:
685:
675:
669:U'wa Dossier
591:
578:
561:
559:
548:Institutions
539:
534:
527:
512:
326:urban centre
323:Altitude (m)
308:
298:
295:
283:Kera Chikara
282:
278:
276:
240:
191:
181:
177:
175:
154:
152:
30:Ethnic group
3281:Collections
2473:Pacanchique
2463:Goranchacha
2334:Moon Temple
2297:Chibafruime
1813:Muisca raft
1690:Agriculture
1555: [
1543: [
1519: [
1507: [
1495: [
1483: [
1471: [
1454: [
1437: [
1425: [
1413: [
1384: [
1372: [
1360: [
1348: [
1336: [
1324: [
1299: [
1287: [
1270: [
1258: [
1246: [
1234: [
1192: [
1180: [
1054:Pira-tapuya
864:Awa-Kwaiker
301:) in 1999.
56:7,000–8,000
3345:Categories
3214:El Carnero
3182:Uricoechea
3157:De Quesada
2937:Juan Tafur
2714:Neighbours
2673:Tisquesusa
2658:Meicuchuca
2329:Sun Temple
2302:Guahaioque
2287:Nencatacoa
2277:Chibchacum
2176:800 - 1200
2149:>800 BC
2068:Tequendama
2029:Prehistory
1959:Suba Hills
1735:Muysccubun
1468:Portuguese
1451:Lithuanian
1189:Venezuelan
836:Indigenous
652:References
319:Department
216:, won the
210:Repsol YPF
18:Uwa people
3167:Schrimpff
3137:Langebaek
3132:Izquierdo
3077:Broadbent
3067:De Aguado
2668:Nemequene
2632:Southern
2515:Northern
2478:Thomagata
2468:Idacansás
2441:El Dorado
2425:Mythology
2379:Guatavita
2282:Cuchavira
2124:Aguazuque
1901:Altiplano
1853:Zipaquirá
1740:Mythology
1705:Astronomy
1552:Ukrainian
1422:Hungarian
1403:Mennonite
1177:Argentine
1039:Patángoro
954:Guambiano
924:Cocamilla
919:Chitarero
531:petroleum
279:Kajka-Ika
273:Territory
267:Venezuela
259:Santander
237:Geography
231:Ecopetrol
206:Ecopetrol
171:Venezuela
102:Languages
91:Santander
3330:Category
3127:Humboldt
3097:Duquesne
3049:Scholars
2692:Turmequé
2634:caciques
2587:Sugamuxi
2582:Nompanim
2543:Hunzahúa
2517:caciques
2200:>2002
2145:Ceramic
1965:Wetlands
1946:Tunjuelo
1868:Sesquilé
1835:Zoratama
1808:Emeralds
1781:Specific
1762:Toponyms
1750:Religion
1745:Numerals
1710:Calendar
1607:See also
1480:Romanian
1357:Croatian
1321:Austrian
1279:Japanese
1231:Armenian
1219:Lebanese
1170:Americas
1064:Quimbaya
984:Kankuamo
909:Carijona
904:Carabayo
874:Barasana
694:Archived
597:See also
489:Casanare
457:Casanare
425:Casanare
396:Saravena
255:Casanare
243:Colombia
167:Colombia
118:Religion
87:Casanare
75:Colombia
3224:Epítome
3204:Elegías
3142:De Lugo
3092:Correal
2802:Yarigui
2774:Guayupe
2764:Achagua
2736:Sutagao
2688:cacique
2609:Tundama
2597:cacique
2384:Iguaque
2367:Fúquene
2359:Natural
2292:Chaquén
2272:Huitaca
2267:Bochica
2239:Deities
2159:Herrera
2118:Sáchica
2111:Nemocón
2104:Galindo
2051:El Abra
2020:History
1936:Teusacá
1858:Nemocón
1767:Warfare
1756:Society
1720:Economy
1715:Cuisine
1683:General
1585:Mestizo
1575:African
1528:Spanish
1516:Slovene
1492:Russian
1446:Italian
1345:British
1333:Belgian
1296:Turkish
1267:Iranian
1243:Chinese
1144:Yarigui
1109:Tinigua
1094:Tariana
1089:Tairona
1079:Sutagao
1074:Siriano
1059:Quechua
949:Guahibo
914:Chimila
859:Arhuaco
854:Andoque
849:Andaquí
844:Achagua
642:Guayupe
581:Guahibo
519:Uw Cuwa
517:called
509:Culture
482:Achagua
476:Nunchía
450:Achagua
370:Guahibo
366:Achagua
223:Guahibo
157:are an
146:Guahibo
108:Uw Cuwa
3228:(1889)
3218:(1638)
3208:(1589)
3177:Triana
3147:Ocampo
3122:Hammen
3112:Gamboa
3107:Friede
3102:Freyle
3072:Arango
3057:Acosta
2792:Panche
2678:Sagipa
2650:Bacatá
2574:Suamox
2548:Michuá
2405:Ubaque
2394:Suesca
2389:Siecha
2373:Guasca
2252:Bachué
2098:Checua
2078:Lithic
2056:Tibitó
1931:Soacha
1798:Chicha
1673:Topics
1660:Muisca
1590:Romani
1580:Jewish
1568:Others
1533:Basque
1463:Polish
1398:German
1393:French
1313:Europe
1284:Korean
1255:Indian
1224:Syrian
1129:Witoto
1114:Tucano
1104:Ticuna
1084:Tahamí
1044:Piaroa
1034:Panche
1024:Nutabe
1009:Muisca
1004:Mokaná
999:Macuna
939:Emberá
889:Calima
869:Baniwa
768:538175
766:
633:Muisca
566:elders
535:Ruiria
444:Támara
420:Sácama
401:Arauca
377:Boyacá
368:&
341:Boyacá
336:Cubará
251:Boyacá
247:Arauca
178:Tunebo
134:Muisca
93:&
83:Boyacá
79:Arauca
72:
3246:ICANH
3187:Zerda
3172:Simón
3117:Groot
3087:Celis
2890:Minor
2849:Major
2769:Tegua
2746:Lache
2741:Guane
2569:iraca
2534:Hunza
2528:zaque
2433:Myths
2321:Built
2062:Sueva
1941:Torca
1921:Fucha
1863:Tausa
1829:Tunjo
1818:Ruana
1772:Women
1730:Music
1559:]
1547:]
1540:Swiss
1523:]
1511:]
1499:]
1487:]
1475:]
1458:]
1441:]
1434:Irish
1429:]
1417:]
1410:Greek
1388:]
1381:Dutch
1376:]
1369:Czech
1364:]
1352:]
1340:]
1328:]
1303:]
1291:]
1274:]
1262:]
1250:]
1238:]
1196:]
1184:]
1149:Yukpa
1139:Yagua
1124:Wayuu
1099:Tegua
1069:Siona
1049:Pijao
1019:Nukak
994:Lache
974:Hupda
959:Guane
934:Cubeo
929:Cofán
899:Cauca
894:Camsá
789:from
764:JSTOR
646:Lache
638:Guane
588:Clans
461:1156
429:1250
405:2600
381:1210
315:Name
142:Guane
138:Lache
3271:UPTC
2797:Muzo
2731:U'wa
2645:zipa
2399:Tota
2257:Chía
1916:Frío
1823:Tejo
1803:Duit
1214:Arab
1206:Asia
1154:Zenú
1134:Wiwa
1119:U'wa
1029:Paez
1014:Muzo
989:Kogi
979:Inga
969:Hiwi
964:Guna
884:Barí
879:Bora
523:song
493:398
345:380
330:Map
261:and
208:and
200:and
182:U'wa
155:U'wa
153:The
34:U'wa
2690:of
2648:of
2599:of
2572:of
2531:of
2262:Sué
1700:Art
756:doi
281:or
194:oil
3347::
1557:es
1545:es
1521:es
1509:es
1497:es
1485:es
1473:es
1456:es
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1236:es
1194:es
1182:es
762:.
752:75
750:.
727:.
690:29
688:.
684:.
660:^
644:,
640:,
525:.
269:.
257:,
253:,
249:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
110:,
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2202:)
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2190:)
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20:)
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