826:
969:
1253:
957:
22:
1298:
766:
817:. The first convoy, designated UGF 1, was the invasion convoy sailing on 24 October 1942 and arriving on 8 November 1942. The F designated a convoy of faster ships. Thereafter, fast and slow eastbound and westbound convoys on this southern route were given four separate numbering sequences beginning with 2.
1194:
Approximately 5200 ships returned to the United States along the southern trans-Atlantic route in 98 slow convoys beginning with the sailing of convoy GUS 2 from Oran on 21 December 1942. The last slow westbound convoy GUS 92 left Oran on 27 May 1945. Additional sections were identified as GUS 5A,
1185:
A total of 335 ships returned to the United States along the southern trans-Atlantic route in 24 fast convoys beginning with the sailing of convoy GUF 2 from
Casablanca on 29 November 1942. The last fast westbound convoy GUF 22 left Oran on 16 April 1945. Additional sections were identified as GUF
877:
Approximately two slow eastbound convoys per month departed
Hampton Roads along the southern trans-Atlantic route beginning with convoy UGS 2 on 13 November 1942. Frequency of sailing increased to three convoys per month in the summer of 1943 and increased again to six convoys per month in 1945.
840:
Commencing with UGF 2, sailing New York 6 November 1942, fast eastbound convoys were sailed along the southern trans-Atlantic route at irregular intervals of about 25 days until June 1943. Convoys UGF 2 and UGF 3 terminated in
878:
The last slow eastbound convoy, UGS 95, left
Hampton Roads on 28 May 1945. Approximately 5800 ships sailed in 100 slow convoys. Additional sections were identified as UGS 5A, UGS 6A, UGS 7A, UGS 8A, UGS 33A, and UGS 55B.
853:, convoys UGF 8 and UGF 9 sailed in two sections with the second section being identified as UGF 8A and UGF 9A, respectively. Sailing frequency to the Mediterranean was then reduced by preparations for
1195:
GUS 5B, GUS 6A, GUS 7A, GUS 8A, GUS 10X, and GUS 55B. There were no losses from these convoys during the
Atlantic portion of their voyage, but five ships were lost within the Mediterranean Sea:
50:
1268:
escorted convoy UGF 8A. United States Navy terminology of the time identified this large warship as the "escort" and the smaller destroyers as the anti-submarine "screen."
825:
968:
106:
861:
on 31 May 1944. With UGF 12 sailing
Hampton Roads 1 July 1944, the interval was set at 27 days, at which it remained the rest of the war. This schedule called for two
813:
provided a few escorts to HX and SC convoys from
September 1941 through April 1943. UG convoys were established as a second, more direct, supply route to support the
1603:
1356:
1288:. The Royal Navy initially provided escorts within the Mediterranean, although United States escorted these convoys as far as Oran as the front moved east.
79:
43:
1280:
crews. A typical screen was provided by an escort division (CortDiv) of six destroyer escorts. Most of these convoys were given air coverage from
857:. Convoy UGF 10 was the last convoy terminating at Oran on 2 September 1943; and convoy UGF 11 was the first reaching the southern European port of
869:. The last fast eastbound convoy UGF 22 terminated in Oran on 8 April 1945. A total of 382 ships sailed in 26 fast convoys, and none were lost.
36:
101:
772:
was one of many
Liberty Ships supplying the United States Army via the southern trans-Atlantic route. This ship was destroyed by an
1575:
1553:
1523:
1502:
1481:
1460:
1439:
1405:
1381:
1343:
1608:
74:
949:
These were the only ships lost during the
Atlantic crossing of these convoys, although the following ships were lost in the
930:
1038:
256:
697:
692:
626:
205:
1562:
Arnold Hague : The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000). ISBN (Canada) 1 55125 033 0 . ISBN (UK) 1 86176 147 3
89:
1277:
850:
663:
119:
1252:
1007:
956:
645:
351:
261:
249:
84:
1542:
1234:
1218:
1199:
1167:
1138:
1087:
1066:
1050:
1015:
936:
913:
901:
865:
based at
Norfolk and two convoy commodores. Separate convoys designated UGF 15B and UGF 17B terminated in
687:
650:
594:
234:
60:
1302:
1018:
894:
589:
579:
537:
413:
373:
361:
176:
1272:
The United States Navy provided all escorts between
Hampton Roads and Gibraltar, although some of the
1261:
1004:
980:
922:
614:
609:
604:
317:
972:
829:
806:
619:
1026:
996:
988:
854:
810:
735:
680:
445:
1571:
1549:
1519:
1498:
1477:
1456:
1435:
1401:
1377:
1339:
1079:
950:
450:
339:
324:
1273:
1155:
547:
428:
141:
96:
1257:
814:
1256:
Fast troopship convoys were accompanied by cruisers or battleships to protect them from
1281:
773:
755:
714:
640:
1597:
790:
786:
751:
721:
658:
599:
584:
567:
562:
557:
542:
527:
522:
512:
507:
502:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
440:
423:
408:
398:
393:
329:
300:
270:
244:
239:
229:
224:
212:
919:
862:
747:
574:
552:
435:
418:
403:
388:
383:
378:
368:
356:
334:
305:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
219:
200:
195:
183:
171:
166:
156:
146:
136:
131:
759:
497:
161:
151:
21:
765:
866:
842:
802:
798:
794:
668:
517:
728:
1297:
836:
sailed in convoy UGF 8A and was typical of the troopships in fast convoys.
1135:
were sunk when convoy UGS 33 entered an Allied minefield on 6 March 1944.
25:
An aerial photo of one of the earliest UG convoys taken in November 1942.
845:, and the termination point was extended into the Mediterranean port of
1186:
2A, GUF 15B, and GUF 17B. No ships were lost from these fast convoys.
1285:
858:
743:
739:
717:
28:
1251:
955:
824:
346:
846:
32:
1215:
in convoy GUS 25 was sunk by aircraft on 21 December 1943.
1544:
The Official Chronology of the U. S. Navy in World War II
1495:
The Official Chronology of the U. S. Navy in World War II
1474:
The Official Chronology of the U. S. Navy in World War II
1432:
The Official Chronology of the U. S. Navy in World War II
1124:
in convoy UGS 30 was sunk by aircraft on 1 February 1944.
1164:
in convoy UGS 38 were sunk by aircraft on 20 April 1944.
1117:
in convoy UGS 18 was sunk by aircraft on 4 October 1943.
1084:
in convoy UGS 13 was sunk by aircraft on 16 August 1943.
734:
carrying food, ammunition, and military hardware to the
1276:
providing anti-submarine screens for these convoys had
893:
during the submarine offensive including the battle of
758:
and terminated in various North African locations as
16:
Convoys during naval battles of the Second World War
1541:
1033:formed the anti-submarine screen for convoy UGS 6.
801:since 1940. These convoys were escorted by the
785:Allied war materials had been transported from
1357:"History of Convoy and Routing [1945]"
881:Convoy UGS 6 came under attack by wolf packs
44:
8:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
776:while carrying ammunition in convoy UGS 38.
1392:
1390:
849:with convoy UGF 4. In preparation for the
51:
37:
29:
1368:
1366:
762:forces retreated from 1942 through 1945.
1566:Rohwer, J. & Hummelchen, G. (1992).
967:
764:
20:
1314:
1604:North Atlantic convoys of World War II
1568:Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945
1374:Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945
1110:in convoy UGS 17 on 26 September 1943.
1421:Doubleday and Company 1968 pp.124-129
1231:in convoy GUS 31 on 22 February 1944.
1190:Slow westbound convoys designated GUS
1181:Fast westbound convoys designated GUF
1176:in convoy UGS 72 on 17 February 1945.
873:Slow eastbound convoys designated UGS
821:Fast eastbound convoys designated UGF
7:
1208:in convoy GUS 18 on 15 October 1943.
1516:The Buckley-class Destroyer Escorts
1284:and patrol bombers flying from the
1243:in convoy GUS 63 on 3 January 1945.
1100:in convoy UGS 14 on 26 August 1943.
1453:The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945
1398:The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945
1336:The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945
1151:in convoy UGS 37 on 16 April 1944.
1047:in convoy UGS 3 on 1 January 1943.
713:were a series of east-bound trans-
14:
1075:in convoy UGS 10 on 22 June 1943.
1063:in convoy UGS 7 on 20 April 1943.
1055:torpedoed the American freighter
1296:
1514:Franklin, Bruce Hampton (1999)
906:torpedoed the French freighter
1372:Rohwer, J. and Hummelchen, G.
750:. These convoys assembled in
1:
1587:U.S. Warships of World War II
1585:Silverstone, Paul H. (1968).
1419:U.S. Warships of World War II
1540:Cressman, Robert J. (2000).
1223:torpedoed the Liberty Ships
1071:torpedoed the French tanker
1497:Naval Institute Press 2000
1476:Naval Institute Press 2000
1455:Naval Institute Press 2000
1434:Naval Institute Press 2000
1400:Naval Institute Press 2000
1376:Naval Institute Press 1992
1338:Naval Institute Press 2000
1239:torpedoed the Liberty Ship
1204:torpedoed the Liberty Ship
941:torpedoed the Liberty Ship
1625:
897:. Three ships were sunk:
1570:. Naval Institute Press.
1548:. Naval Institute Press.
1278:United States Coast Guard
1172:torpedoed British tanker
1059:and the French troopship
851:Allied invasion of Sicily
797:since 1939 and in slower
70:
1589:. Doubleday and Company.
1143:torpedoed Liberty Ships
1092:torpedoed Liberty Ships
815:invasion of North Africa
1106:torpedoed Liberty Ship
1043:torpedoed Liberty Ship
1016:Benson class destroyers
1609:Battle of the Atlantic
1518:Naval Institute Press
1269:
1160:and British freighter
1034:
965:
837:
777:
26:
1417:Silverstone, Paul H.
1305:at Wikimedia Commons
1255:
1133:Daniel Chester French
971:
959:
895:convoys HX 229/SC 122
828:
768:
24:
1493:Cressman, Robert J.
1472:Cressman, Robert J.
1430:Cressman, Robert J.
1206:James Russell Lowell
1005:Sims class destroyer
960:The explosion of SS
1359:. 1945. p. 39.
1108:Christian Michelson
807:Royal Canadian Navy
102:Blockade of Germany
1270:
1211:British freighter
1113:British freighter
1078:British freighter
1035:
979:with sister ships
966:
855:Operation Overlord
838:
811:United States Navy
778:
754:near the mouth of
736:United States Army
27:
1301:Media related to
1274:destroyer escorts
1229:Peter Skene Ogden
1149:Thomas G. Masaryk
1098:Richard Henderson
964:on 20 April 1944.
951:Mediterranean Sea
945:on 17 March 1943.
927:on 16 March 1943.
924:Benjamin Harrison
910:on 15 March 1943.
706:
705:
62:Atlantic campaign
1616:
1590:
1581:
1559:
1547:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1394:
1385:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1332:
1300:
1045:Arthur Middleton
97:Northern Barrage
65:
63:
53:
46:
39:
30:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1565:
1556:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1513:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1471:
1467:
1450:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1395:
1388:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1333:
1316:
1311:
1294:
1282:escort carriers
1250:
1192:
1183:
1115:Fort Fitzgerald
875:
823:
783:
707:
702:
109:
66:
61:
59:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1507:
1486:
1465:
1451:Hague, Arnold
1444:
1423:
1410:
1396:Hague, Arnold
1386:
1362:
1348:
1334:Hague, Arnold
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1293:
1290:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1216:
1209:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1152:
1136:
1127:Liberty Ships
1125:
1118:
1111:
1101:
1085:
1081:Empire Kestrel
1076:
1064:
1061:Sidi-bel-Abbes
1048:
947:
946:
928:
918:torpedoed the
911:
874:
871:
822:
819:
782:
779:
774:aerial torpedo
756:Chesapeake Bay
704:
703:
701:
700:
695:
690:
685:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
648:
643:
632:
631:
630:
629:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
359:
354:
349:
344:
337:
332:
327:
325:2nd Happy Time
322:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
267:
266:
259:
257:Denmark Strait
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
216:
215:
203:
198:
187:
186:
181:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
142:1st Happy Time
139:
134:
123:
122:
111:
110:
104:
99:
94:
93:
92:
87:
82:
71:
68:
67:
58:
56:
55:
48:
41:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1621:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1577:1-55750-105-X
1573:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1555:1-55750-149-1
1551:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1524:1-55750-280-3
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:1-55750-149-1
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:1-55750-149-1
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:1-55750-019-3
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:1-55750-149-1
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:1-55750-019-3
1403:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:1-55750-105-X
1379:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:1-55750-019-3
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:George Cleeve
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1157:Paul Hamilton
1154:Liberty Ship
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:Virginia Dare
1126:
1123:
1120:Liberty Ship
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1000:
994:
992:
986:
984:
978:
976:
970:
963:
962:Paul Hamilton
958:
954:
952:
944:
943:Molly Pitcher
940:
939:
934:
933:
929:
926:
925:
921:
917:
916:
912:
909:
905:
904:
900:
899:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
863:escort groups
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
835:
833:
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:British Isles
788:
787:North America
780:
775:
771:
770:Paul Hamilton
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
752:Hampton Roads
749:
745:
742:and southern
741:
737:
733:
731:
726:
724:
719:
716:
712:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:
679:
678:
677:
676:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:
649:
647:
646:26 April 1944
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:
628:
627:Bay of Biscay
625:
624:
623:
622:
618:
616:
615:SL 140/MKS 31
613:
611:
610:SL 139/MKS 30
608:
606:
605:SL 138/MKS 28
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:ONS 20/ON 206
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:ONS 18/ON 202
578:
576:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:HX 229/SC 122
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
342:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Torpedo Alley
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:
316:
315:
314:
313:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
265:
264:
260:
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
185:
182:
180:
179:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
80:United States
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
64:
54:
49:
47:
42:
40:
35:
34:
31:
23:
19:
1586:
1567:
1543:
1515:
1510:
1494:
1489:
1473:
1468:
1452:
1447:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1397:
1373:
1351:
1335:
1295:
1271:
1263:
1241:Henry Miller
1240:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1145:Meyer London
1144:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1122:Edward Bates
1121:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1028:
1020:
1009:
998:
990:
982:
974:
961:
948:
942:
937:
931:
923:
920:Liberty Ship
914:
907:
902:
890:
886:
882:
880:
876:
839:
831:
784:
769:
748:World War II
729:
725:nited States
722:
710:
708:
698:7–8 May 1945
693:5–6 May 1945
688:Point Judith
681:
674:
673:
652:
634:
633:
620:
532:
491:
490:
446:27 September
429:
362:
340:
318:
311:
310:
262:
250:
206:
189:
188:
177:
125:
124:
113:
112:
90:St. Lawrence
18:
1174:Regent Lion
651:Capture of
414:Bell Island
363:Connecticut
178:Nordseetour
120:River Plate
1598:Categories
1534:References
1526:pp.192-195
1346:pp.179-183
1303:UG convoys
1162:Royal Star
1010:Wainwright
867:Marseilles
843:Casablanca
803:Royal Navy
799:SC convoys
795:HX convoys
781:Background
711:UG convoys
319:Postmaster
251:Rheinübung
1094:John Bell
887:Wohlgemut
883:Unverzagt
738:in North
720:from the
621:Stonewall
595:Sept-Îles
548:Black May
451:SG 6/LN 6
107:Gibraltar
85:Caribbean
1292:See also
1264:Savannah
1213:Alpherat
1057:Michigan
1031:(DD-610)
1023:(DD-601)
1021:Champlin
1012:(DD-419)
1001:(DD-405)
993:(DD-404)
985:(DD-402)
977:(DD-403)
732:ibraltar
715:Atlantic
682:Teardrop
641:Lyme Bay
352:27 March
263:Bismarck
75:Americas
1266:(CL-42)
1258:raiders
1248:Escorts
983:Mayrant
908:Wyoming
891:Tummler
834:(APA-5)
832:Barnett
809:. The
789:to the
746:during
718:convoys
430:Laconia
341:Neuland
235:4 April
1574:
1552:
1522:
1501:
1480:
1459:
1438:
1404:
1380:
1342:
1286:Azores
995:, and
975:Trippe
889:, and
859:Naples
744:Europe
740:Africa
669:BX 141
659:HX 300
600:ON 207
585:SC 143
568:SC 130
563:SC 129
558:HX 237
543:HX 231
528:HX 228
523:SC 121
513:ON 166
508:SC 118
486:ON 154
481:ON 153
476:ON 144
471:SC 107
466:SL 125
461:HX 212
456:SC 104
441:SC 100
424:ON 127
409:ON 122
399:ON 115
394:ON 113
374:6 June
301:HX 156
271:HX 133
245:HX 126
240:OB 318
230:HX 112
225:OB 293
213:HX 106
207:Berlin
1505:p.286
1484:p.214
1463:p.183
1442:p.181
1408:p.181
1384:p.199
1309:Notes
1236:U-870
1220:U-969
1201:U-371
1169:U-300
1140:U-407
1104:U-410
1089:U-410
1068:U-572
1052:U-565
1029:Hobby
999:Rowan
991:Rhind
938:U-521
932:U-167
915:U-172
903:U-524
664:WEP 3
653:U-505
575:Faith
553:ONS 5
533:UGS 6
503:SG 19
436:SQ 36
419:QS 33
404:SC 94
389:QS 15
384:SL 78
379:HG 84
369:ON 92
357:OG 82
347:ON 67
335:SC 67
306:HG 76
296:SC 48
291:HG 73
286:SC 42
281:OG 71
276:OG 69
220:HG 53
201:SC 20
196:SC 19
184:HX 90
172:HX 84
167:HX 79
157:HX 72
147:HX 65
137:HX 49
132:HX 47
1572:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1262:USS
1227:and
1147:and
1131:and
1096:and
1040:U-73
1027:USS
1025:and
1019:USS
1014:and
1008:USS
997:USS
989:USS
981:USS
973:USS
935:and
847:Oran
830:USS
805:and
760:Axis
709:The
675:1945
635:1944
518:UC 1
498:TM 1
492:1943
312:1942
190:1941
162:SC 7
152:SC 2
126:1940
114:1939
1260:.
1073:Lot
793:in
727:to
1600::
1389:^
1365:^
1317:^
1003:,
987:,
953::
885:,
1580:.
1558:.
730:G
723:U
52:e
45:t
38:v
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