443:", and threatened to disrupt the march with force. The police, fearing for public order told the Salvation Army to call it off, but they went ahead. Then the police forced them, by breaking up the brass band. Field J in the High Court held that there was no right of the police to do so. The Salvation Army was associating "for religious exercises among themselves, and for a religious revival". No one could "say that such an assembly in itself an unlawful one". Stopping the march would be like saying "that a man may be convicted for doing a lawful act—there is no authority for such a proposition."
734:
896:, because courts may not strike down democratically decided laws, they can only issue a "declaration of incompatibility" (s.4). Judges, when interpreting legislation, may also presume that Parliament intended not to derogate from Convention rights (s.3). It is a precondition of a claim to the Strasbourg court that a claimant has exhausted the domestic legal system's avenues for appeal. The main reason for incorporation, and justification from advocates and the Government was to save time and cost. Other countries, such as
862:
1472:, Cambridge University Press, Ch.12; Also, the language of rights, liberties, freedoms, etc, etc, is inherently vague and the divisions between different rights in various documents are inevitably meaningless (e.g. is the right to liberty different from a fair trial, and does it matter?), and simply express country's cultural and historical preferences. At the core all these things come down to the mediation of relations between people, whether for power or resources or between individuals or the state. See, e.g.
348:
652:
169:
992:. Lord Hoffmann was the only dissenting judge to hold that the whole detention without trial idea was incompatible with the right to a trial under Art.6, and that the derogation was unacceptable, because there was no "threat to the life of the nation". He argued strongly that it would be wrong to suggest, with the majority's view that discrimination was the problem, that the government should be allowed to lock up all Britons alike.
3946:
3960:
517:
272:
607:"We will do our best to see that our decisions are in conformity with it. But it is drawn in such vague terms that it can be used for all sorts of unreasonable claims and provoke all sorts of litigation. As so often happens with high-sounding principles, they have to be brought down to earth. They have to be applied in a work-a-day world."
918:, extended the limit to 7 days' detention without charge for terrorist suspects. It also allows terrorist organisations to be banned. Sixty groups have to date been outlawed. The Act also introduced a broad definition of "terrorism" under s.1. The stop and search powers in the Act were used to search protesters at an
1089:, which he contested and won on a civil liberties platform. Neither Labour nor the Liberal Democrats stood a candidate. The bill also removed the prohibition on post-charge questioning, gave the police greater powers of property confiscation and gave the police powers to prevented photography in public places.
1342:
The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of
Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech
635:, on the grounds that it would prejudice ongoing litigation between Distillers and parents of children who had suffered birth-defects caused by the drug. By 11 votes to 9, the European Court of Human Rights held that the injunction violated the paper's right to freedom of expression under Art.10 ECHR.
1076:
sought to extend the number of days' detention without charge to 42 days and to allow the Home
Secretary to require an inquest to be established without a jury in secret if they deems it to be in the public interest, the interest of an overseas treaty partner or in the interest of national security.
1050:
had extended the time to 14 days. The government had initially proposed a limit of 90 days, saying this was on the recommendation of the police, and citing support from opinion polls. Opposition among MPs saw the first defeat for the Blair government; the
Conservative amendment of 28 days' detention
964:
the
Minister has to make a "statement of compatibility" with the Convention. What they did was to send notice of derogation from the right to a fair trial, Art.6 ECHR. Art.15 ECHR is the derogation provision, which says "In time of war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation" a
904:
have their own standards, but all follow and stay conformity with the ECHR. Similarly, the ECHR is drawn from the traditions of every member state, and acts as a method for maintaining minimum standards on which there is general consensus. Despite its controversy, this may be viewed as a uniquely
1116:
expanded electronic surveillance powers of the
British intelligence agencies. It permitted bulk collection of communications data and interception of communication data. It requires CSPs (communication service providers) to retain British internet users' internet connection records for one year,
597:
QB 38, the case concerned the right of freedom of religion under Art.9 ECHR, and whether a Muslim man could take time off on
Fridays, with pay, to go and worship at his local mosque. His case was turned down both by the Court of Appeal, and by the Commission in Strasbourg. But before it went to
1030:
on any
British citizen. Anybody suspected of terrorist related activities by the Home Secretary, but without any kind of trial, can be electronically tagged, monitored, be restricted from making phone calls, using the internet, be banned from certain kinds of work, can be restricted from going
114:
and civil liberties is often seen as two sides of the same coin. A right is something you may demand of someone, while a liberty is freedom from interference by another in your presumed rights. However, human rights are broader. In the numerous documents around the world, they involve more
701:(1984) 7 EHRR 14, said that UK allowing the phone tapping is in breach of its obligations under the ECHR, because there was no law that did 'indicate with reasonable clarity the scope and manner of exercise of the relevant discretion conferred on the public authorities."
115:
substantive moral assertions on what is necessary, for instance, for "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness", "to develop one's personality to the fullest potential" or "protect inviolable dignity". "Civil liberties" are certainly that, but they are distinctly
998:, allows the government, for an "emergency", to deploy armed forces anywhere in the country during peacetime (cf. Bill of Rights 1689). It also allows property to be sequestrated, for an "emergency" with or without compensation anywhere (cf. Prot. 1, Art.1 ECHR).
674:
AC 374, where GCHQ members were banned by
Margaret Thatcher (also the Minister for the Civil Service) from belonging to unions. The House of Lords held that the Royal prerogative was subject to judicial review. Banning unions was within the discretion of the
987:
UKHL 17, the majority of the House of Lords decided that the detention without trial under the ATCSA 2001 was discriminatory to non-British nationals, and therefore incompatible under Art.14 ECHR. A declaration of incompatibility was issued under s.4
1117:
which certain government officials have access to without a warrant. CSPs are neither allowed to refuse assistance to police nor are they allowed to disclose a data request. The act also permits police to carry out targeted equipment interference.
196:(1610) decided that "the King by his proclamation or other ways cannot change any part of the common law, or statute law, or the customs of the realm" and that "the King hath no prerogative, but that which the law of the land allows him."
323:, held that man entered society to secure his "property" (lives, liberties and estates). His principle was that the individual could do anything not prohibited by law, and the state could do nothing but that which was authorised by law.
65:. Attitudes towards suffrage and liberties progressed further in the aftermath of the first and second world wars. Since then, the United Kingdom's relationship to civil liberties has been mediated through its membership of the
2661:
127:
Civil liberties is another name for the political freedoms that we must have available to us all if it to be true to say of us that we live in a society that adheres to the principle of representative, or democratic,
1096:
repealed the
Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 prohibitions on protest on parliament square, however, added new restrictions, such as operating amplified noise equipment, erecting tents or using sleeping
2581:
951:
on 9/11, the government passed legislation allowing indefinite detention without trial for non-British nationals suspected of committing terrorist offences, but without enough evidence for an actual trial (cf.
941:, allows the government full surveillance powers of all kinds of communication. The current rate is 30 warrants being issued a week. In the 15 months from July 2005 to October 2006, 2,407 warrants were issued.
467:, (1907) 15 SLT 471, 473, per Lord McLaren, it is "a principle of the unwritten constitutional law of this country that men only were entitled to take part in the election of representatives to Parliament."
1519:
Crim Law Rev, where
Fundamentalist Christians preaching on Cathedral steps, attracting 100 stirred up people were removed for "breach of the peace". Sedley LJ held that in contravention to Art.11 ECHR and
670:
331:(1772) 20 State Tr 1; (1772) Lofft 1, abolition of slavery, for "the air of England has long been too pure for a slave, and every man is free who breathes it." However, this did nothing for the colonies.
965:
member can derogate "to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation". The minister then declared when passing the 2001 Act that it was (with the derogation sent) compatible with the
453:
the following year extended the same voting qualifications in the towns to the countryside and established the present-day one-member constituency as the normal pattern for Parliamentary representation.
1600:
709:
permits the government to impose restrictions or requirements on individuals in the event of a public health emergency. This legislation was used to justify the government's response to the 2020
1040:. The system was declared incompatible, because there was no derogation. However Lord Brown stated that if a suspect was left with eight hours' liberty a day, then it would have been acceptable.
2156:
2171:
2161:
589:
under Art.6 ECHR violated. Access to counsel and court was held to be a necessary element in the right to a fair trial, because otherwise countries could abolish courts and not be in breach.
4000:
814:
2606:
766:
488:
2601:
2586:
2151:
1132:
before uploading any media and is forbidden from inciting violence, mentioning certain areas of London or making references to certain real-life incidents or people in his music.
2281:
901:
1105:(2014) was the first British trial to be held entirely in secret although some of the restrictions were loosened somewhat by the court of appeal after a legal challenge by
80:
Civil liberties have been gradually declining in the United Kingdom since the late 20th century. Their removal has been generally justified by appeals to public safety and
101:
1046:, following the bombings in London on the 7 July, this legislation allows for people suspected of terrorist offences to be detained without charge for up to 28 days. The
1037:
2749:
2611:
2166:
1559:
Although clearly these cases are anachronistic to the highest degree and moribundly conservative, political donations by unions and business alike; see for instance the
471:
42:
2596:
2496:
1136:
1093:
61:. During the 19th century, working-class people struggled to win the right to vote and join trade unions. Parliament responded with new legislation beginning with the
2591:
503:
420:
1490:
2656:
1515:
983:
811:
must be an adherence to the ECHR's norms on free expression. This was squarely rejected by the House of Lords (Lord Ackner leading the judgment), and on appeal.
73:, led the drafting of the Convention, which expresses a traditional civil libertarian theory. It became directly applicable in UK law with the enactment of the
2541:
2531:
2526:
2256:
246:
459:, removed liability in tort for trade unions going on strike, after the House of Lords in a series of cases invented ways to bankrupt unions for any action.
2561:
2546:
2481:
2471:
2301:
2176:
1007:
938:
705:
2631:
2416:
2401:
2231:
2216:
944:
804:
830:, where the Strasbourg Court held that UK legislation must uphold the right of workers to join trade unions and take actions to defend their interests.
2636:
2551:
2431:
2356:
2336:
2331:
2201:
827:
475:
AC 87, per Lord Shaw and Lord James, any contributions by trade unions to Members of Parliament were "unconstitutional and illegal". Reversed by the
3927:
2651:
2576:
2486:
2441:
2386:
2306:
2266:
2246:
1582:
1405:
1085:
at the time, resigned his parliamentary seat in June 2008 in protest over the proposed extension to detention with charge. His resignation forced a
788:
593:
560:
1325:
799:
2703:
2673:
2641:
2626:
2516:
2476:
2461:
2456:
2421:
2371:
2326:
2261:
2241:
2236:
2221:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2181:
1509:
EWHC 69 (Admin), where a homophobic preacher in Bournemouth was arrested for breach of peace after people started pushing and throwing water over
1225:
1086:
716:
542:
463:
2621:
2616:
2571:
2521:
2506:
2491:
2451:
2436:
2411:
2376:
2311:
2271:
2251:
2186:
2126:
1887:
1031:
certain places, have one's passport revoked and be under a duty to report to the police. The control order system was held disproportionate in
2744:
2646:
2566:
2556:
2466:
2426:
2406:
2391:
2381:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2321:
2316:
2296:
2286:
2276:
1427:
663:
482:
2511:
2501:
2366:
2361:
2291:
928:
784:
211:
2211:
1010:, created an offence of inciting religious hatred and requires advanced notification for protests up to 1 kilometre from Parliament. cf
889:
538:
521:
281:
66:
726:
2226:
2028:
1205:
1190:
374:
111:
1033:
3353:
2911:
2810:
2739:
2033:
1289:
742:
3467:
3336:
1210:
1175:
1078:
1019:
843:
450:
3922:
3269:
3170:
2058:
1987:
1977:
1505:
1258:
1055:
3429:
3063:
2446:
2396:
1012:
948:
850:
582:
388:
585:, a prisoner who was denied a solicitor to make a (probably spurious) libel claim against a guard, was held to have had his
926:, including a Ph.D. student and a journalist who took legal action as a result. The police action was held to be lawful in
2782:
2082:
1113:
905:
British measure, especially given the fact that the Convention was drafted under the direction of the British government.
132:
In other words, civil liberties are the "rights" or "freedoms" which underpin democracy. This usually means the right to
3589:
3068:
2536:
2146:
1992:
1428:"Planet Normal: Use of fear has brought about 'the greatest invasion of personal liberty in our history' –Lord Sumption"
1354:
see e.g. the Praemble to the Convention, which states the Convention is there to secure "effective political democracy".
995:
808:
613:
3584:
2734:
1982:
1170:
1073:
729:, Part II limited public processions and demonstrations by requiring 6 days advance notice to be given to the police.
733:
3559:
3058:
2075:
1880:
1461:
1252:
1180:
873:
690:
683:
Ch 344, Megarry VC said that the executive could do anything that was not prohibited by law (purporting to reverse
640:
400:
237:, asserted certain rights of Parliament and the individual, and limited the power of the monarch—the result of the
221:(1628), established the illegality of taxation without parliamentary consent and prohibited arbitrary imprisonment.
658:
oversaw a gradual tightening of security legislation to crack down on industrial protests and the Provisional IRA.
627:
newspaper from publishing an article describing the history of the testing, manufacture and marketing of the drug
3642:
1826:
1047:
1001:
972:
893:
750:
359:
travelled constantly, giving speeches throughout Britain and the United States. One of her most famous speeches,
1816:
1343:
in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.
932:
3437:
3419:
1663:
1235:
1215:
1125:
204:(1610), decided that "in many cases, the common law will control Acts of Parliament". This may have influenced
3088:
1691:
2087:
1150:
gives the government powers to suspend or limit public gatherings and detain individuals suspected of having
577:
3812:
3599:
3073:
2724:
2121:
1848:
1247:
822:
697:
679:
456:
234:
1550:; the first of these was the direct cause for the formation of the Labour Party: to lobby for its reversal.
3867:
3852:
2668:
2131:
2070:
2053:
1961:
1781:
957:
738:
632:
224:
157:
70:
1628:
817:, codified the many restrictions and formalities placed on trade union activity and the right to strike.
3971:
3564:
3242:
3053:
2729:
1917:
1873:
1329:
1241:
1200:
1082:
989:
885:
722:
586:
564:
556:
The British Empire began granting independence to all its Colonies from India, to Africa to the Pacific.
495:
427:
192:
153:
74:
34:
1480:(1982); he puts forth the formula that any right can be put in the form of X claiming right Y against Z
1139:(England only) gave the police powers to force individuals to isolate if they were suspected of having
861:
745:
to coincide with the Conservative Party conference preceded a sterner approach to security legislation.
347:
176:
secured the supremacy of Parliament over the King, laying the foundations of representative democracy.
3692:
3038:
2063:
1912:
1185:
1147:
476:
370:
200:
188:, trial by one's peers, representation of nobility for taxation, and a ban on retroactive punishment.
97:
85:
1062:, Court of Appeal rejects a charge of false imprisonment and an Art.5 ECHR claim for police holding
3847:
2987:
2904:
2008:
1129:
685:
440:
382:
315:
238:
230:
173:
58:
842:
and advocated institutional reforms modelled on the United States, was addressed by Labour leader
407:
361:
168:
3662:
3321:
3175:
3160:
3138:
2882:
2862:
2815:
2805:
2116:
1820:
1560:
1406:"Like after 9/11, governments could use coronavirus to permanently roll back our civil liberties"
1299:
1043:
915:
888:, for the first time this allowed direct appeal in British courts to be made on the basis of the
779:
755:
356:
327:
307:
276:
206:
50:
1059:
618:
397:, enfranchised slightly more property holders, rationalised the borough and county seat system.
3647:
3569:
3407:
3150:
3145:
3098:
3023:
3017:
2857:
2775:
1922:
1546:
1285:
1220:
1195:
1165:
795:
principle that " everybody is free to do anything, subject only to the provisions of the law."
710:
655:
546:
436:
319:(1765), right against arbitrary search and seizure; Lord Camden, quoting almost verbatim from
218:
93:
81:
1843:
1838:
1755:
The Struggle for Civil Liberties: Political Freedom and the Rule of Law in Britain, 1914-1945
1279:
3652:
3619:
3118:
2982:
2977:
2942:
2136:
1051:
without charge being accepted. The act also created a new offence of "glorifying terrorism".
919:
623:
446:
303:(1703) 1 Sm LC (13th Edn) 253, right to vote cannot be interfered with by a public official.
693:
based on evidence from a wire tap that the police had no authority under any statute to do.
3901:
3874:
3862:
3842:
3776:
3771:
3754:
3734:
3729:
3709:
3574:
3554:
3549:
3452:
3412:
3123:
3048:
2972:
2957:
2877:
1540:
1311:
976:
854:
599:
414:
394:
259:
62:
46:
1384:
1364:
1128:
and fitted with a GPS tracker on his leg. He is required to give 24 hours notice to the
3978:
3786:
3704:
3293:
3259:
3210:
3195:
2967:
2872:
2852:
2842:
2111:
1534:
1465:
1027:
872:
both introduced rafts of new security legislation as a reaction to terrorism after the
869:
651:
550:
525:
432:
417:, loosened the property qualification, extended the franchise to around a third of men.
378:
352:
255:
3994:
3832:
3791:
3677:
3657:
3629:
3579:
3544:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3457:
3397:
3237:
3227:
3185:
3108:
3103:
3033:
2992:
2916:
1860:
1067:
760:
570:
299:
185:
104:
37:
and have a long and formative history. This is usually considered to have begun with
1786:
Civil Liberties and Human Rights in England and Wales (2002) Oxford University Press
1238:
for a summary of the historical development of parliament and civil rights in the UK
516:
271:
227:, safeguarded individual freedom against unlawful imprisonment with right to appeal.
3964:
3714:
3682:
3637:
3375:
3370:
3341:
3254:
3232:
3200:
3133:
3113:
3007:
2947:
2937:
2889:
2847:
2825:
2768:
1951:
1907:
1896:
1767:
1750:
1736:
1473:
1440:
923:
529:
279:
was the archetypal figure of the British Enlightenment, a legal scholar who in his
120:
89:
520:
As well as being instrumental in drafting it, the United Kingdom signed up to the
17:
1464:. Capacity for public participation goes into the social and economic: see, e.g.
1460:
Care should be taken with such definitions. Much more "underpins" democracy than
3945:
3886:
3827:
3817:
3614:
3609:
3447:
3348:
3264:
3223:
3190:
3155:
3078:
3002:
2952:
2867:
2683:
1956:
1946:
1791:
1746:
1732:
1101:
953:
897:
628:
335:
286:
181:
149:
54:
38:
485:, allowed universal male suffrage for over-21s, and the vote for women over 30.
3950:
3879:
3759:
3697:
3442:
3363:
3358:
3316:
3298:
3286:
3247:
3093:
3083:
3043:
3028:
3012:
2962:
2899:
2894:
865:
839:
835:
792:
320:
290:
251:
1819:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
3857:
3822:
3764:
3739:
3604:
3501:
3489:
3474:
3462:
3390:
3308:
3281:
3165:
2708:
1696:
803:
1 AC 696 concerning the dubbing of voices by any IRA members on television.
725:, passed in the context of widespread industrial disputes, particularly the
666:, allowed four days' detention without trial (previously it was 24 hours).
3906:
3891:
3594:
3479:
3276:
2820:
2141:
1645:
1281:
National Insecurity and Human Rights: Democracies Debate Counterterrorism
1151:
1140:
966:
961:
877:
411:(1845) 7 QB 742, right to liberty, freedom of movement (across bridges).
3796:
3744:
3724:
3672:
3484:
3402:
3218:
3180:
3128:
2698:
2693:
1121:
1063:
1004:
was the topic of ECHR cases and political debate between 2005 and 2012.
311:(1722) K.B., 1 Strange 505, 93 ER 664, right to property that you find.
145:
141:
1468:, 'Social Citizenship and the Defence of Welfare Provision' (1993) in
719:, the government's response to the ruling, allowing any phone tapping.
689:). This meant that a dodgy antique dealer could not be prosecuted for
3896:
3749:
3494:
3385:
3380:
3326:
2997:
2678:
435:
wanted to campaign against alcohol with the help of a brass band in
3837:
3781:
3687:
3528:
3331:
2830:
1230:
860:
732:
650:
515:
346:
270:
167:
3719:
3667:
3523:
2921:
2837:
2688:
137:
133:
2764:
1869:
1865:
1601:"COVID-19 contain framework: a guide for local decision-makers"
423:, decriminalised trade union activity (freedom of association).
2791:
1844:
Database of European Human Rights Court (Strasbourg) judgments
838:, a liberal pressure group which took its name from the Czech
800:
R v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Brind
621:. The Attorney-General had obtained an injunction preventing
563:
was carried out in 1964. It was formally abolished under the
464:
Nairn v The University Court of the University of St Andrews
107:
as "the greatest invasion of personal liberty in history."
119:, and relate to participation in public life. As Professor
1727:
Civil Rights: New Labour, Freedom and the Human Rights Act
639:
In response to this judgment the UK parliament passed the
1741:
Freedom under Thatcher: Civil Liberties in Modern Britain
984:
A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
815:
Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992
767:
Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989
2760:
1794:, Constitutional and Administrative Law (2007) Longman
1478:
Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications
1426:
Pearson, Allison; Halligan, Liam (10 September 2020).
929:
R (Gillan) v Commissioner for the Metropolitan Police
1839:
Full text of the European Convention on Human Rights
285:
professed the liberty of citizens deriving from the
3915:
3805:
3628:
3537:
3428:
3307:
3209:
2930:
2798:
2717:
2104:
2042:
2021:
2001:
1970:
1931:
780:
Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers Ltd. (No. 2)
2662:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
573:allows individual petitions to Strasbourg in 1968.
403:, abolished slavery throughout the British Empire.
2750:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1817:Text of the Civil liberties in the United Kingdom
1278:Brysk, edited by Alison; Shafir, Gershon (2007).
472:Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants v Osborne
57:in the 17th and 18th centuries, notably with the
4001:Civil rights and liberties in the United Kingdom
1137:Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020
1094:Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
1026:passed this allows the Home Secretary to impose
144:, security of the person, the right to personal
1034:Secretary of State for the Home Department v JJ
1002:Felony disenfranchisement in the United Kingdom
421:Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act 1875
254:'s ideas for a more civilised society based on
96:. The pandemic oversaw the introduction of the
1516:Redmond-Bate v Director of Public Prosecutions
1284:. University of California Press. p. 76.
960:). When passing Acts of Parliament, under the
857:, included powers to intercept communications.
602:, famously said with regard to the Convention:
2776:
1881:
1799:Civil Liberties Law: The Human Rights Act Era
1583:"Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984"
8:
1861:Guardian Special Report - UK Civil Liberties
979:in cases with "new and compelling evidence".
947:, in response to the destruction of the NYC
581:1 EHRR 524, the first case to arrive at the
247:Second Treatise on Representative Government
1849:List of all European treaties and protocols
1827:Rights Brought Home: Government white paper
1008:Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
939:Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
846:. He promised a Bill of Rights for Britain.
706:Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984
2783:
2769:
2761:
2046:
1939:
1888:
1874:
1866:
1690:Patterson, Joseph 'JP' (2 December 2020).
945:Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act 2001
381:following a Parliamentary campaign led by
184:(1215), supported what became the writ of
1692:"Digga D: 'I've learnt from my mistakes'"
1506:Hammond v Director of Public Prosecutions
1056:Austin v Metropolitan Police Commissioner
680:Malone v Metropolitan Police Commissioner
391:, restored the civil rights of Catholics.
3928:History of the American legal profession
1470:Liberal Rights: Collected papers 1981-91
1251:- Documentary about the implications of
789:Judicial Committee of the House of Lords
594:Ahmad v Inner London Education Authority
561:capital punishment in the United Kingdom
504:Crofter Hand Woven Harris Tweed v Veitch
2582:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1270:
1226:Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom
1013:Blum v Director for Public Prosecutions
717:Interception of Communications Act 1985
553:'s accession to the Convention in 1950.
507:AC 435, right to collective bargaining.
365:, was delivered in Connecticut in 1913.
2674:List of human rights abuses by country
2162:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
2127:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
1503:(1882) 9 QBD 308, 313-4; Compare now,
1307:
1297:
549:'s legal and administrative division.
84:and hastened on by crises such as the
2745:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1646:"Secret trial plan for English court"
1491:"Charles I and the Petition of Right"
671:CCSU v Minister for the Civil Service
664:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
545:, at the time, their Chairman of the
489:Representation of the People Act 1928
483:Representation of the People Act 1918
31:Civil liberties in the United Kingdom
7:
439:. Local brewers formed a so-called "
212:judicial review in the United States
1833:European Convention on Human Rights
1797:N Whitty, T Murphy, S Livingstone,
1124:(stage name 'Digga D') was given a
890:European Convention on Human Rights
539:European Convention on Human Rights
522:European Convention on Human Rights
67:European Convention on Human Rights
2172:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
2034:National human rights institutions
2029:List of human rights organisations
1326:"Britain's unwritten constitution"
1206:Human rights in the United Kingdom
1191:Constitution of the United Kingdom
25:
2912:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1328:. British Library. Archived from
743:Provisional Irish Republican Army
614:The Sunday Times v United Kingdom
27:Area of law in the United Kingdom
3959:
3958:
3944:
2157:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
1430:. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
1211:Liberalism in the United Kingdom
1176:Censorship in the United Kingdom
1081:, a Conservative politician and
1022:, the government in response to
1020:Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005
100:, which was described by former
41:of 1215, a landmark document in
3923:History of the legal profession
2282:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
1988:Natural rights and legal rights
1978:Claim rights and liberty rights
1259:Terrorism in the United Kingdom
328:R v Knowles, ex parte Somersett
2152:against Palestinians by Israel
1757:(2000) Oxford University Press
1743:(1990) Oxford University Press
1451:, Oxford University Press, p.1
1385:"Civil Contingencies Act 2004"
851:Intelligence Services Act 1994
807:QC argued that implied in the
583:European Court of Human Rights
389:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829
69:. The United Kingdom, through
43:British constitutional history
1:
1114:Investigatory Powers Act 2016
491:, universal suffrage over 21.
1993:Negative and positive rights
996:Civil Contingencies Act 2004
102:Justice of the Supreme Court
2735:List of human rights awards
2607:in the United Arab Emirates
1983:Individual and group rights
1619:1 A.C. 109, at p. 283G
1171:Campaign Against Censorship
1074:Counter-Terrorism Bill 2008
809:Home Secretary's discretion
451:Redistribution of Seats Act
4017:
3590:International legal theory
3069:International slavery laws
3064:International human rights
3059:International criminal law
2657:of the Marcos dictatorship
1462:civil and political rights
1404:Nia, Gissou (April 2020).
1255:on civil rights in the UK.
1253:anti terrorism legislation
1181:Civil and political rights
1130:London metropolitan police
874:September 11, 2001 attacks
641:Contempt of Court Act 1981
401:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
3938:
3643:Administration of justice
2602:in the State of Palestine
2587:in the Dominican Republic
2167:during the Gaddafi regime
2049:
1942:
1903:
1778:, Oxford University Press
1048:Criminal Justice Act 2003
973:Criminal Justice Act 2003
894:Parliamentary sovereignty
751:Official Secrets Act 1989
193:The Case of Proclamations
110:The relationship between
3420:Basic structure doctrine
3270:Natural and legal rights
3151:Public international law
1236:Parliament in the Making
1216:Liberty (pressure group)
1126:Criminal Behaviour Order
868:and then-U.S. President
351:After selling her home,
3600:Principle of typicality
3074:International trade law
2725:History of human rights
2132:Enforced disappearances
2122:Crimes against humanity
823:Wilson v United Kingdom
791:stated in the case the
698:Malone v United Kingdom
578:Golder v United Kingdom
457:Trade Disputes Act 1906
377:the slave trade in the
235:Claim of Right Act 1689
2669:Incitement to genocide
1962:Universal jurisdiction
1120:In 2018, the musician
958:Habeas Corpus Act 1679
881:
746:
739:Brighton Hotel Bombing
659:
633:The Distillers Company
609:
543:Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe
533:
431:(1882) 9 QBD 308, the
415:Second Reform Act 1867
366:
294:
225:Habeas Corpus Act 1679
177:
158:freedom of association
130:
71:Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe
3595:Principle of legality
3354:Delegated legislation
3054:Intellectual property
2730:List of global issues
1811:Human Rights Act 1998
1242:Privacy International
1201:History of liberalism
1083:Shadow Home Secretary
886:Human Rights Act 1998
864:
736:
723:Public Order Act 1986
691:handling stolen goods
654:
605:
587:right to a fair trial
565:Human Rights Act 1998
559:The last instance of
519:
496:Liversidge v Anderson
395:Great Reform Act 1832
350:
274:
171:
154:freedom of expression
140:, the prohibition on
125:
75:Human Rights Act 1998
35:UK constitutional law
3813:Barristers' chambers
3755:Legal representation
3693:Justice of the peace
3039:Financial regulation
2612:in the United States
2387:in Jammu and Kashmir
1933:Fundamental concepts
1776:Clarendon Law Series
1671:www.judiciary.gov.uk
1629:Security and Privacy
1572:(1984) 7 EHRR 14, 79
1449:Clarendon Law Series
1365:"Terrorism Act 2006"
1186:Civil libertarianism
1148:Coronavirus Act 2020
477:Trade Union Act 1913
371:Slave Trade Act 1807
210:(1803) which led to
98:Coronavirus Act 2020
86:September 11 attacks
3848:Election commission
3560:Expressive function
3089:Landlord–tenant law
2988:Consumer protection
2597:in the Soviet Union
2497:in Papua New Guinea
2147:Human rights abuses
2105:Human rights abuses
2009:Corporal punishment
1801:(2001) Butterworths
686:Entick v Carrington
383:William Wilberforce
316:Entick v Carrington
239:Glorious Revolution
231:Bill of Rights 1689
174:Bill of Rights 1689
59:Bill of Rights 1689
3806:Legal institutions
3673:Lawsuit/Litigation
3663:Dispute resolution
3468:Catholic canon law
3176:State of emergency
3139:Will and testament
2863:Law of obligations
2816:Constitutional law
2806:Administrative law
2592:in the Philippines
2117:Crime of apartheid
1821:legislation.gov.uk
1664:"judiciary.gov.uk"
1587:legislation.gov.uk
1561:Companies Act 2006
1332:on 8 December 2015
1310:has generic name (
1044:Terrorism Act 2006
949:World Trade Center
916:Terrorism Act 2000
882:
747:
660:
534:
428:Beatty v Gillbanks
367:
357:Emmeline Pankhurst
308:Armory v Delamirie
295:
277:William Blackstone
207:Marbury v. Madison
178:
18:UK civil liberties
3988:
3987:
3648:Constitutionalism
3570:Law and economics
3408:Act of parliament
3146:Product liability
3099:Legal archaeology
3024:Environmental law
3018:Entertainment law
2858:International law
2758:
2757:
2740:Three generations
2100:
2099:
2017:
2016:
1790:A.W. Bradley and
1547:South Wales Mines
1221:Michael Mansfield
1196:Freedom of speech
1166:Big Brother Watch
711:COVID-19 pandemic
656:Margaret Thatcher
547:Council of Europe
512:Post-World War II
437:Weston-super-Mare
219:Petition of Right
201:Dr. Bonham's Case
94:COVID-19 pandemic
82:National Security
45:. Development of
16:(Redirected from
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3772:Question of fact
3653:Criminal justice
2983:Construction law
2978:Conflict of laws
2943:Agricultural law
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2512:in Punjab, India
2137:Forced migration
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447:Third Reform Act
362:Freedom or death
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3777:Question of law
3730:Practice of law
3710:Judicial review
3624:
3575:Legal formalism
3555:Comparative law
3550:Contract theory
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3453:Legal pluralism
3424:
3413:Act of Congress
3337:Executive order
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3124:Nationality law
3049:Immigration law
2973:Competition law
2926:
2794:
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2542:in South Africa
2532:in Sierra Leone
2527:in Saudi Arabia
2257:in Burkina Faso
2212:in Azad Kashmir
2096:
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2013:
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1966:
1936:
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1918:Intersex people
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855:Police Act 1997
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600:Lord Denning MR
541:was drafted by
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269:
260:contract theory
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63:Reform Act 1832
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4013:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:Civil society
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Trier of fact
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Legal opinion
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Court-martial
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3630:Jurisprudence
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Statutory law
3517:
3515:
3514:Socialist law
3512:
3508:
3507:Byzantine law
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:Religious law
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3430:Legal systems
3427:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:Statutory law
3396:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Statutory law
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Transport law
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Legal fiction
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:Financial law
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Corporate law
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Statutory law
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:Core subjects
2797:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:in Uzbekistan
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:in the Russia
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:in Kazakhstan
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:in Bangladesh
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:in Azerbaijan
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:South America
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:North America
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:Organizations
2020:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:David Feldman
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1408:. Independent
1407:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1308:|first1=
1301:
1293:
1291:9780520098602
1287:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:R v AB and CD
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:Oxford Circus
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
986:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
925:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
834:
829:
825:
824:
819:
818:
816:
813:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:
777:
776:
772:
768:
765:
762:
761:David Shayler
758:
757:
752:
749:
748:
744:
740:
735:
728:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
708:
707:
703:
700:
699:
695:
692:
688:
687:
682:
681:
677:
673:
672:
668:
665:
662:
661:
657:
653:
646:
644:
642:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
615:
611:
610:
608:
601:
596:
595:
591:
588:
584:
580:
579:
575:
572:
571:Harold Wilson
569:
566:
562:
558:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
511:
506:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
448:
445:
442:
441:skeleton army
438:
434:
430:
429:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
349:
342:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
318:
317:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
301:
300:Ashby v White
297:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
273:
267:Enlightenment
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
208:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:habeas corpus
183:
180:
179:
175:
170:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
124:
122:
118:
113:
108:
106:
105:Lord Sumption
103:
99:
95:
92:and the 2020
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3977:
3970:
3956:
3942:
3715:Jurisdiction
3683:Legal remedy
3638:Adjudication
3538:Legal theory
3376:Ratification
3371:Promulgation
3342:Proclamation
3322:Codification
3255:Human rights
3243:Divine right
3233:Constitution
3201:Women in law
3119:Military law
3114:Marriage law
3109:Maritime law
3008:Election law
2948:Aviation law
2938:Abortion law
2890:Property law
2826:Criminal law
2637:in Venezuela
2552:in Sri Lanka
2432:in Lithuania
2357:in Indonesia
2337:in Hong Kong
2332:in Guatemala
2202:in Australia
2192:in Argentina
2043:By continent
1971:Distinctions
1952:Positive law
1897:Human rights
1798:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1768:Conor Gearty
1754:
1751:Conor Gearty
1740:
1737:Conor Gearty
1726:
1701:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1633:The Guardian
1632:
1624:
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1555:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1485:
1477:
1474:Alan Gewirth
1469:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1441:Conor Gearty
1436:
1421:
1410:. Retrieved
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1379:
1368:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1341:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1320:
1280:
1273:
1246:
1122:Rhys Herbert
1107:The Guardian
1106:
1100:
1060:EWCA Civ 989
1054:
1032:
1023:
1011:
982:
975:, abrogated
927:
924:Canary Wharf
910:21st century
821:
798:
778:
754:
704:
696:
684:
678:
669:
638:
622:
612:
606:
592:
576:
530:Ernest Bevin
502:
494:
470:
462:
426:
408:Bird v Jones
406:
360:
326:
314:
306:
298:
282:Commentaries
280:
245:
205:
199:
191:
131:
126:
121:Conor Gearty
116:
112:human rights
109:
90:7/7 bombings
79:
49:advanced in
33:are part of
30:
29:
3887:Legislature
3818:Bureaucracy
3615:Rule of man
3610:Rule of law
3585:Libertarian
3448:Chinese law
3349:Legislation
3299:Regulations
3287:Law reports
3265:Natural law
3161:Reparations
3156:Refugee law
3079:Jurimetrics
3020:(Media law)
2958:Banking law
2953:Amnesty law
2931:Disciplines
2868:Private law
2684:Persecution
2652:in Zimbabwe
2577:in Thailand
2487:in Pakistan
2442:in Malaysia
2307:in Ethiopia
2267:in Cambodia
2247:in Botswana
2059:Middle East
1957:Sovereignty
1947:Natural law
1792:Keith Ewing
1747:Keith Ewing
1733:Keith Ewing
1563:ss.362-379.
1336:27 November
1087:by-election
954:Magna Carta
828:35 EHRR 523
756:R v Shayler
629:thalidomide
336:John Wilkes
287:Magna Carta
182:Magna Carta
150:due process
128:government.
55:statute law
39:Magna Carta
3880:Law school
3760:Prosecutor
3698:Magistrate
3485:Jewish law
3443:Common law
3364:Rulemaking
3359:Regulation
3309:Law making
3248:Divine law
3224:Legal code
3171:Sports law
3094:Law of war
3044:Health law
3029:Family law
3013:Energy law
2963:Bankruptcy
2900:Punishment
2895:Public law
2709:War crimes
2642:in Vietnam
2627:in Ukraine
2517:in Romania
2477:in Nigeria
2462:in Myanmar
2457:in Morocco
2447:in Manipur
2422:in Lebanon
2397:in Kashmir
2372:in Ireland
2327:in Germany
2262:in Burundi
2242:in Bolivia
2237:in Belarus
2222:in Bahrain
2207:in Austria
2197:in Armenia
2182:in Algeria
1720:Historical
1715:References
1703:14 January
1676:2015-04-17
1606:2020-02-07
1412:2020-02-07
1390:2020-02-07
1370:2020-02-07
1097:equipment.
920:arms trade
866:Tony Blair
844:John Smith
840:Charter 77
836:Charter 88
793:common law
619:2 EHRR 245
617:(1979–80)
334:Trials of
321:John Locke
291:common law
252:John Locke
164:Background
51:common law
3858:Judiciary
3853:Executive
3828:The bench
3765:Solicitor
3740:Barrister
3620:Sociology
3605:Pseudolaw
3545:Anarchist
3502:Roman law
3490:Parsi law
3475:Hindu law
3463:Canon law
3438:Civil law
3391:Concordat
3282:Precedent
3191:Trust law
3166:Space law
3003:Drugs law
2873:Procedure
2811:Civil law
2622:in Uganda
2617:in Turkey
2572:in Taiwan
2507:in Poland
2492:in Panama
2452:in Mexico
2437:in Malawi
2412:in Kuwait
2377:in Israel
2312:in France
2272:in Canada
2252:in Brazil
2187:in Angola
1697:BBC Three
1300:cite book
785:Lord Goff
759:UKHL 11 (
675:Minister.
375:abolished
355:activist
343:Democracy
3995:Category
3965:Category
3907:Tribunal
3892:Military
3735:Attorney
3705:Judgment
3565:Feminist
3480:Jain law
3277:Case law
2998:Cyberlaw
2905:Corporal
2883:Criminal
2853:Evidence
2843:Doctrine
2821:Contract
2647:in Yemen
2567:in Syria
2557:in Sudan
2537:in Sindh
2467:in Nepal
2427:in Libya
2407:in Kenya
2392:in Japan
2382:in Italy
2352:in India
2347:in Haiti
2342:in Egypt
2322:in Ghana
2317:in Gabon
2297:in Egypt
2287:in China
2277:in Chile
2142:Genocide
1913:Children
1650:BBC News
1159:See also
1152:COVID-19
1141:COVID-19
1070:in 2001.
1024:A's case
990:HRA 1998
967:HRA 1998
962:HRA 1998
922:fair in
878:Iraq War
876:and the
853:and the
598:Europe,
532:in 1950.
289:and the
152:of law,
123:writes,
3979:Outline
3916:History
3823:The bar
3797:Verdict
3745:Counsel
3725:Justice
3580:History
3403:Statute
3219:Charter
3181:Tax law
3129:Probate
2718:Related
2704:Victims
2699:Torture
2694:Slavery
2502:in Peru
2367:in Iraq
2362:in Iran
2292:in Cuba
2088:Oceania
2002:Aspects
1774:(2007)
1762:General
1447:(2007)
1064:May Day
1038:UKHL 45
933:UKHL 12
898:Germany
826:(2002)
787:of the
741:by the
499:AC 206.
353:English
146:liberty
142:torture
3897:Police
3868:Agency
3750:Lawyer
3495:Sharia
3386:Treaty
3381:Repeal
3327:Decree
3238:Custom
3134:Estate
3084:Labour
2848:Equity
2679:Murder
2071:Europe
2054:Africa
1908:Humans
1522:Beatty
1513:; and
1288:
902:France
524:under
88:, the
3972:Index
3838:Court
3782:Trial
3688:Judge
3529:Yassa
3332:Edict
2878:Civil
2831:Crime
1923:Women
1855:Other
1667:(PDF)
1532:see,
1266:Notes
1231:NO2ID
773:1990s
753:, cf
647:1980s
117:civil
3720:Jury
3668:Fiqh
3524:Xeer
2922:Tort
2838:Deed
2689:Rape
2064:Asia
1749:and
1735:and
1705:2021
1544:and
1338:2015
1312:help
1286:ISBN
1146:The
1135:The
1112:The
1092:The
900:and
849:The
820:cf.
783:per
737:The
537:The
528:and
275:Sir
258:and
244:The
217:The
172:The
156:and
148:and
138:life
134:vote
53:and
2792:Law
1511:him
631:by
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1770:,
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