United Kingdom corporation tax

2140:. If the self-assessment is wrong through negligence or recklessness, the company can be liable to penalties. The self-assessment tax return needs to be delivered to HMRC 12 months after the end of the period of account in which the accounting period falls (although the tax must be paid before this date). If a company fails to submit a return by then, it is liable to penalties. HMRC may then issue a determination of the tax payable, which cannot be appealed – however, in practice they wait until a further six months have elapsed. Also, the most common claims and elections that may be made by a company have to be part of its tax return, with a time limit of two years after the end of the accounting period. This means that a company submitting its return more than one year late suffers not only from the late filing penalties, but also from the inability to make these claims and elections. 2687:– where it was claimed that UK parents should be able to relieve the losses of overseas subsidiaries against the tax profits of their UK subgroup (On 7 April 2005, the Advocate-General gave an opinion supporting the claim of a UK parent to offset losses of its EU subsidiaries, where no effective loss relief was available in the EU Member States the subsidiaries were resident in). However, in the final judgment, a compromise agreement was reached in which the national interest to prevent excessive loss of tax was held to outweigh in most circumstances the restriction on the freedom of movement of capital. Accordingly, although no specific new legislation has been introduced, relief for overseas losses will only be available where they may not be utilised in the overseas jurisdiction; 65: 559:

the individual would be deemed to have earned £100, and to have already paid tax of £30 on it. The ACT paid by the company would be deductible against its final "mainstream" corporation tax bill. To the extent that the individual's tax on the dividend was less than the tax credit – for example, if his income was too low to pay tax (below £595 in 1973–1974) – he would be able to reclaim some or all of the £30 tax paid by the company. The set-off was only partial, since the company would pay 52% tax (small companies had lower rates, but still higher than the ACT rate), and thus the £70 received by the individual actually represented pre-tax profits of £145.83. Accordingly, only part of the double taxation was relieved.

1918:

dividend payments made to non-corporates (for example, individuals, trusts and personal representatives of deceased persons) would be subject to additional corporation tax, bringing the corporation tax paid up to 19%. For example, a company making £10,000 profit, and making a £6,000 dividend distribution to an individual and £4,000 to another company would pay 19% corporation tax on the £6,000. Although this measure substantially reduced the number of small businesses incorporating, the Chancellor in the 2006 Budget said tax avoidance by small businesses through incorporation was still a major issue, and scrapped the starting rate entirely.

7320: 3361: 7368: 6956: 6941: 6927: 2598:

tax to be treated as a deductible expense in the tax computation. Credit relief is given as a deduction from the UK tax liability, but is restricted to the amount of UK tax suffered on the foreign income. There is a system of onshore pooling, so that overseas tax suffered in high tax territories may be set off against taxable income arising from low tax territories. From 1 July 2009, new rules were introduced to exempt most non-UK dividends from corporation tax so these double taxation rules in respect of non-UK dividends will be of less common application in practice after that date.

523:'s Budget of March 1958 replaced the differential profits tax with a single profits tax measure, applicable to both retained and distributed profits. This gradual decrease, and final abolition, of taxes on capital distributions reflected ideological differences between the Conservative and Labour parties: the Conservative approach was to distribute profits to capital holders for investment elsewhere, while Labour sought to force companies to retain profits for reinvestment in the company in the hope this would benefit the company's workforce. 551:

was less than the corporation tax paid (corporation tax was higher than the standard rate of income tax, but the imputation, or set-off, was only of standard rate tax). When companies made distributions, they also paid the advance corporation tax (known as ACT), which could be set off against the main corporation tax charge, subject to certain limits (the full amount of ACT paid could not be recovered if significantly large amounts of profits were distributed). Individuals and companies who received a dividend from a UK company received a

536:, at a rate of 30%, charged on the gains arising on the disposal of capital assets by individuals. While companies were exempted from capital gains tax, they were liable to corporation tax on their "chargeable gains", which were calculated in substantially the same way as capital gains for individuals. The tax applied to company shares as well as other assets. Before 1965, capital gains were not taxed, and it was advantageous for taxpayers to argue that a receipt was non-taxable "capital" rather than taxable "revenue". 587:

was still balanced by the tax credit received, although higher rate tax payers paid an additional 25% tax on the amount of the dividend actually received (net), as against 20% before the change. The change had bigger effects on pensions and non-taxpayers. A pension fund receiving a £1.2 m dividend income prior to the change would have been able to reclaim £400,000 in tax, giving a total income of £1.6 m. After the change, only £300,000 was reclaimable, reducing income to £1.5 m, a fall of 6.25%.

593:'s summer Budget of 1997 ended the ability of pension funds and other tax-exempt companies to reclaim tax credits with immediate effect, and for individuals from April 1999. This tax change has been blamed for the poor state of British pension provision, while usually ignoring the more significant effect of the dot-com crash of 2000 onwards when the FTSE-100 lost half its value to fall from 6930 at the beginning of 2000 to just 3490 by March 2003. Despite this, critics such as 2063:("GAAR") for corporation tax. However, it inherited an anti-avoidance rule from income tax relating to transactions in securities, and since then has had various "mini-GAARs" added to it. The best known "mini-GAAR" prevents a deduction for interest paid when the loan to which it relates is made for an "unallowable purpose". In 2013, the government introduced a General Anti-Avoidance Rule to manage the risk of tax avoidance. 572: 2566:

up to 20 years ago. After an HMRC enquiry closes, or after final determination of an issue by the courts, the taxpayer has 30 days to amend their return, and make additional claims and elections, if appropriate, before the assessment becomes final and conclusive. If there is no enquiry, the assessment becomes final and conclusive once the period in which the Revenue may open an enquiry passes.

2254:("CFC") is a company controlled by a UK resident that is not itself UK resident and is subject to a lower rate of tax in the territory in which it is resident. Under certain circumstances, UK resident companies that control a CFC pay corporation tax on what the UK tax profits of that CFC would have been. However, because of a wide range of exemptions, very few companies suffer a CFC charge. 1935: 532:

shareholders. In effect, dividends suffered double taxation. This method of corporation tax is known as the classical system and is similar to that used in the United States. The effect of the tax was to revert to the distribution tax in operation from 1949 to 1959: dividend payments were subject to higher tax than profits retained within the company. Finance Act 1965 also introduced a

480: 44: 507:(profits distributed to shareholders) than on profits retained within the company. By penalising the distribution of profits, it was hoped companies would retain profits for investment, which was considered a priority after the Second World War. The tax did not have the desired effect, so the distributed profits tax was increased by 20% by the 2752:, which further discussed the possible abolition of the Schedular system, and also whether the capital allowances (tax depreciation) system should be abolished. It also made proposals that were ultimately enacted in Finance Act 2004. (The first two of these listed below were in response to threats to the UK tax base arising from recent 615:

dividends (after setting this "notional" tax credit against the tax liability).While non-taxpayers were no longer able to claim this amount from the treasury (as opposed to taxpayers who could deduct it from their tax bill), the 20% ACT (which would have previously been deducted from the dividend before payment) was no longer levied.

2624:, where companies in a group are treated as though they are a single entity for tax purposes. One of the main benefits of tax consolidation is that tax losses in one entity in a group are automatically relievable against the tax profits of another. Instead, the UK permits a form of loss relief called "group relief". 2539:, to open an enquiry into the return. This period is extended if the return is filed late. The enquiry continues until all issues that HMRC wish to enquire about a return are dealt with. However, a company can appeal to the Commissioners of Income Tax to close an enquiry if they feel there is undue delay. 2635:

Full group relief is permitted between companies subject to UK corporation tax that are in the same 75% group, where companies have a common ultimate parent, and at least 75% of the shares in each company (other than the ultimate parent) are owned by other companies in the group. The companies making

2565:

Once an enquiry is closed, or the time for opening an enquiry has passed, HMRC can only re-open a prior year if they become aware of an issue which they could not reasonably have known about at the time, or in instances of fraud or negligence. In fraud or negligence cases, they can re-open cases from

618:

ACT that had been incurred prior to 1999 could still be set off against a company's tax liability, provided it would have been able to set it off under the old imputation system. In order to keep the stream of payments associated with advance corporation tax payment, 'large' companies (comprising the

567:

companies in respect of some of their profits. As the payor company would have suffered tax on the payments it made, the company that received the dividend also received a credit that it could use to reduce the amount of ACT it itself paid, or, in certain cases, apply to have the tax credit repaid to

2326:

Strictly speaking, Corporation Tax Act 2010 replaces the historic terminology "Schedule A", "Schedule D Case I" etc. with more descriptive terms but this does not affect the substantive application of the schedular system so that, for example, different rules apply for utilising tax losses depending

2075:

In the early twenty-first century the government sought to raise more revenues from corporation tax. In 2002 it introduced a separate 10% supplementary charge on profits from oil and gas extraction businesses, and Finance Act 2005 contained measures to accelerate when oil and gas extraction business

2066:

Finance Act 2004 introduced disclosure rules requiring promoters of certain tax avoidance schemes that are financing- or employment-related to disclose the scheme. Taxpayers who use these schemes must also disclose their use when they submit their tax returns. This is the first provision of its kind

586:

cut the ACT rate and tax credit to 22.5% from April 1993, and 20% from April 1994. These changes were accompanied with a cut of income tax on dividends to 20%, while the basic rate of income tax remained at 25%. Persons liable for tax were lightly affected by the change, because income tax liability

558:

On introduction, ACT was set at 30% of the gross dividend (the actual amount paid plus the tax credit). If a company made a £70 dividend payment to an individual, the company would pay £30 of advance corporation tax. The shareholder would receive the £70 cash payment, plus a tax credit of £30; thus,

550:

The basic structure of the tax, where company profits were taxed as profits, and dividend payments were then taxed as income, remained unchanged until 1973, when a partial imputation system was introduced for dividend payments. Unlike the previous imputation system, the tax credit to the shareholder

531:

Finance Act 1965 replaced the system of income tax and profits tax from 1 April 1965 with the Corporation Tax, which re-introduced aspects of the old system. Corporation Tax was charged at a uniform rate on all profits, but additional tax was then payable if profits were distributed as a dividend to

498:

system existed, whereby the income tax paid by a company was offset against the income tax liability of a shareholder who received dividends from the company. The standard rate of income tax in 1949 was 50%. If the company paid a £100 dividend, the recipient would be treated as if he had earned £200

2597:

Double taxation is avoided for UK dividends by exempting them from tax for most companies: only dealers in shares suffer tax on them. Where double taxation arises because of overseas tax suffered, relief is available either in the form of expense or credit relief. Expense relief allows the overseas

2526:

In the financial year 2004–2005, approximately 39,000 companies paid corporation tax at the main rate. These 4.7% of active companies are responsible for 75% of all corporation tax receipts. Around 224,000 companies paid the small companies rate, with 34,000 benefiting from marginal relief. 264,000

2335:

Most direct expenses are deductible when calculating taxable income and chargeable gains. Notable exceptions include any costs of entertaining clients. Companies with investment business may deduct certain indirect expenses known as "expenses of management" when calculating their taxable profits. A

2522:

Most companies are required to pay tax nine months and a day after the end of an accounting period. Larger companies are required to pay quarterly instalments, in the seventh, tenth, thirteenth and sixteenth months after a full accounting period starts. These times are modified where an accounting

2369:

straddles a financial year in which the corporation tax rate has changed, the company's profits for that period are split. For example, a company paying small companies' rate with its accounting period running from 1 January to 31 December, and making £100,000 of profit in 2007, would be deemed to

2360:

The 2007 Budget announced a main rate cut from 30% to 28%, effective from April 2008. At the same time, the small companies' rate was increased from 19% to 20% from April 2007, 21% in April 2008, to stop "individuals artificially incorporating as small companies to avoid paying their due share of

2627:

Where a company has losses arising in an accounting period (other than capital losses, or losses arising under Case V or VI of Schedule D) in excess of its other taxable profits for the period, it may surrender these losses to a group member with sufficient taxable profits in the same accounting

2783:

was published. It outlined the government's decision to abolish the schedular system, replacing the numerous schedules and cases with two pools: a trading and letting pool; and an "everything else" pool. The Government had decided that capital allowances would remain, though there would be some

2173:

applies. This means that something is taxed only if there is a specific provision bringing it within the charge to tax. Accordingly, profits are only charged to corporation tax if they fall within one of the following, and are not otherwise exempted by an explicit provision of the Taxes Acts:

1917:

The fact that individuals operating in this manner could potentially pay no tax at all was felt by the government to be unfair tax avoidance, and the 2004 Budget introduced a Non-Corporate Distribution Rate. This ensured that where a company paid below the small companies' rate (19% in 2004),

651:

cut the small companies' rate to 40%, followed by a further cut in the 1982 Budget to 38%. The Budgets of 1983–1988 saw sharp cuts in both main and small companies' rates, falling to 35% and 25% respectively. Budgets between 1988 and 2001 brought further falls to a 30% main rate and 19% small

614:

From 6 April 1999 ACT was abolished, and the tax credit on dividends was reduced to 10%. There was a matching reduction in the basic income tax rate on dividends to 10%, while a new higher-rate of 32.5% was introduced which led to an overall effective 25% tax rate for higher rate taxpayers on

2135:

Up until 1999 no corporation tax was due unless HMRC raised an assessment on a company. Companies were, however, obliged to report certain details to HMRC so that the right amount could be assessed. This changed for accounting periods ending on or after 1 July 1999, when self-assessment was

499:

and had paid £100 in income tax on it – the tax paid by the company fully covered the tax due from the individual on the dividend paid. If, however, the individual was subject to tax at a higher rate (known as "surtax"), he (not the company) would be liable to pay the additional tax.

2489:

The reduced rates do not apply to close investment holding companies (companies controlled by fewer than 5 people (plus associates) or by their directors/managers, whose main activity is the holding of investments). Nor do they apply to companies in liquidation after the first 12

2076:

have to pay tax. Instead of paying their tax in four equal instalments in the seventh, tenth, thirteenth and sixteenth month after the accounting period starts, they will be required to consolidate their third and fourth payments and pay them in the thirteenth month, creating a

2040:" ("IFRS"), as modified by the EU. Other UK companies may choose to adopt IFRS. Corporation tax law is changing so that, in the future, IFRS accounting profits are largely respected. The exception is for certain financial instruments and certain other measures to prevent tax 1897:'s 1999 Budget introduced a 10% starting rate for profits from £0 to £10,000, effective from April 2000. Marginal relief applied meaning companies with profits of between £10,000 and £50,000 paid a rate between the starting rate and the small companies' rate (19% in 2000). 2151:. Companies will then receive an annual notice CT603, approximately 1–2 months after the end of the company's financial period, notifying it to complete an annual return. This must also include the company's annual accounts, and possibly other documents, such as 518:

A series of reductions in the profits tax were brought in from 1951 onwards by the new Conservative government. The tax rates fell to 22.5% on distributed profits and 2.5% on undistributed profits by 1957, but the profits tax was no longer income tax-deductible.

432:

system in 1973, under which an individual receiving a dividend became entitled to an income tax credit representing the corporation tax already paid by the company paying the dividend. The classical system was reintroduced in 1999, with the abolition of

2733:, which considered simplification of corporation tax for small companies through the closer alignment of their profits for tax purposes with those reported in their accounts. In July of that year, the government also published a consultation document, 412:

has been modernising the UK's tax legislation, starting with income tax, while the legislation imposing corporation tax has itself been amended, the rules governing income tax and corporation tax have thus diverged. Corporation tax was governed by the

2663:

dealing with direct taxes, UK laws must comply with European legislation. In particular, legislation should not be discriminatory under the EC treaty. A number of cases where UK tax laws are believed to be discriminatory have been brought to the

5928:"There is a longer Excel version of this table also available on our website with historical monthly data back to April 2008. Historical annual data goes back to 1999-00. HM Revenue and Customs receipts Amounts: £ million Amounts: £ million" 2055:

is defined by the UK government as "bending the rules of the tax system to gain a tax advantage that Parliament never intended". Unlike most other countries, most UK tax professionals are accountants rather than lawyers by training.

2760:

Introduction of transfer pricing rules for UK-to-UK transactions. Transfer pricing rules require certain transactions to be deemed to have taken place at arm's length prices for tax purposes where they did not in fact take place as

2647:

of companies that each own at least 5% of the shares and together own at least 75% of the shares. A consortium company can only surrender or accept losses in proportion to how much of that company is owned by each consortium group.

2802:

Extension of management expenses rules so that companies do not need to be investment companies to receive them, coupled with a specific rule preventing capital items being deductible as management expenses (enacted by Finance Act

2628:

period. The company receiving the losses may offset them against their own taxable profits. Exceptions include that a company in the oil and gas extraction industry may not accept group relief against the profits arising on its

1913:

credit, provided the recipient did not earn more than the basic rate allowance, no further tax would be paid. The number of new companies being formed in 2002–2003 reached 325,900, an increase of 45% on 2001–2002.

459:

The complexity of the corporation tax system is a recognised issue. The Labour government, supported by the Opposition parties, carried through wide-scale reform from the Tax Law Rewrite project, resulting in the

1900:

The 2002 Budget cut the starting rate to zero, with marginal relief applying in the same way. This caused a significant increase in the number of companies being incorporated, as businesses that had operated as

562:

ACT was not payable on dividends from one UK company to another (unless the payor company elected to pay it). Also, the recipient company was not taxed on that dividend receipt, except for dealers in shares and

2632:, and a life assurance company may only accept group relief against its profits chargeable to tax at the standard shareholder rate applicable to that company. Separate rules apply for dual resident companies. 502:

In addition to income tax, companies were also subject to a profits tax, which was deducted from company profits when determining the income tax liability. It was a differential tax, with a higher tax rate on

2523:

period lasts for less than twelve months. From 2005 onwards, for tax payable on oil and gas extraction profits, the third and fourth quarterly instalments are merged, including the supplementary 10% charge.

2370:

have made 90/365*£100,000 = £24,657.53 in FY06 (there are 90 days between 1 January and 31 March), and 275/365*£100,000=£75,34.47 in FY07, and would pay 19% on the FY06 portion, and 20% on the FY07 portion.

2527:

were in the starting rate, with 269,000 benefiting from the lower band of marginal relief. The total revenue was £41.9bn from 831,885 companies. Only 23480 companies had a liability in excess of £100,000.

2364:

The rate of corporation tax is determined by the financial year, which runs from 1 April to the following 31 March. Financial year FY17 started on 1 April 2017 and ends on 31 March 2018. Where a company's

2242:

In practice companies do not get taxed under Schedule F. Most companies are exempted from Schedule F and there is a provision for those companies which are taxed on UK dividends (i.e. dealers in shares

3141: 644:

created a main rate of 52%, together with a smaller companies' rate of 42%. This apparent increase was negated by the fact that under the ACT scheme, dividends were no longer subject to income tax.

2681:– a German case which implied that the UK's transfer pricing and thin capitalisation legislation may have been contrary to EU legislation (the 2004 Finance Act made changes to counter this threat); 1905:, paying income tax on profits from just over £5,000, were attracted to the corporation tax rate of 0% on income up to £10,000. Previously self-employed individuals could now distribute profits as 2701:

led to the UK amending its definition of a group, for group relief purposes. Previously, the definition required that all companies and intermediate parent companies in a group to be UK resident.

2486:

The bands shown on the right hand side are divided by one plus the number of associates (usually the only associates a company has are fellow group companies, but the term is more widely defined)

2775:

Extension of the deduction for management expenses to all companies with an investment business. Previously a company had to be wholly or mainly engaged in an investment business to qualify.

2542:

If either side disputes the amount of tax that is payable, they may appeal to either the General or Special Commissioners of Income Tax. Appeals on points of law may be made to the

2606:

Detailed and separate rules apply to how all the different types of losses may be set off within the computations of a company. A detailed explanation of these can be found in:

1966:

company). The rules for calculating corporation tax generally ran in parallel with income tax until 1993, when the first statutory rule to move profit reporting into line with

408:

replaced this structure for companies and associations with a single corporate tax, which took its basic structure and rules from the income tax system. Since 1997, the UK's

3025:

The small companies rate for 1986 was originally set to be 30% and marginal relief fraction at 1/80 but was subsequently reduced to 29% with the fraction changing to 3/200.

2088:

told the Stock Exchange that £300 m had been wiped off its value, and Aviva (Norwich Union) announced that the tax changes would cost its policy holders £150 m.

7344: 606:

described it as a swindle, with the hypothetical £1.5 m income described above falling to £1.2 m, a fall in income of 20%, because no tax would be reclaimable.

7903: 2799:

Introduction of UK to UK transfer pricing rules, coupled with the merging of the thin capitalisation rules with the transfer pricing rules (enacted by Finance Act 2004).

2345: 7172:. From 1998 onwards, consolidation took place, into the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act and the Capital Allowances Act 2001. 6129: 3275: 2729:

There have been a number of proposals for corporation tax reform, although only a few have been enacted. In March 2001, the government published a technical note

2017:, which provided that where a company with investment business could make deductions for management expenses, they were calculated by reference to figures in the 1909:

payments rather than salaries. For companies with profits under £50,000 the corporation tax rate varied between 0% and 19%. Because dividend payments come with a

5927: 3554: 2712:

arguing that dividends received from overseas companies should be exempt from tax in the same way as dividends received from UK companies are exempted from tax;

2772:

rules limit the amount a company can claim as a tax deduction on interest when it receives loans at non-commercial rates (from connected parties, for example).

2067:

in the UK, and Finance Act 2005 has shown a number of tax avoidance schemes being blocked earlier than would have been expected prior to the disclosure rules.

3148: 6639: 3271: 2037: 2010: 2828: 2543: 2693:– where it was ruled that CFC rules are only acceptable if they relate to wholly artificial arrangements intended to escape the UK tax normally payable. 3411: 64: 3606: 2957:

Limits for marginal relief set from 1991 to 1993 (inclusive) by changes made to the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 enacted by Finance Act 1991

2937:

Limits for marginal relief set from 1994 to 2009 (inclusive) by changes made to the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 enacted by Finance Act 1994

2559: 7908: 142: 137: 6765: 6727: 6581: 6562: 5891: 5853: 5746: 5708: 3202: 1967: 465: 172: 5838: 3247: 414: 361: 100: 3588: 3387: 2796:

Relief from tax on chargeable gains on disposals of substantial shareholdings in trading companies and groups (enacted by Finance Act 2002).

2373:

From 1 April 2010 HM Revenue & Customs updated their terminology and the former Small Companies' Rate is now called Small Profits Rate.

3233: 7290: 3317: 7886: 7244: 7054: 5765: 3251: 3013:

Limits for marginal relief set from 1982 to 1987 (inclusive) by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance (No. 2) Act 1983

2590:. Or it could be because the company itself has suffered foreign tax, perhaps because it conducts part of its trade through an overseas 335: 315: 248: 6450: 6431: 5830: 456:

schemes marketed by the financial sector have also proven an irritant, and been countered by complicated anti-avoidance legislation.

7210: 7176: 7078: 7035: 7016: 6746: 6273: 6236: 6102: 6059: 6036: 6016: 5996: 5976: 5727: 3437: 3259: 167: 6531: 6481: 2847:

The main rate for 2020 was originally set to be 18%, this was subsequently set to be reduced to 17%, but ultimately was set at 19%.

6863: 6500: 6181: 5872: 3489: 2668:, usually with respect to freedom of establishment and freedom of movement of capital. Key cases which have been decided include: 2097: 152: 147: 2608: 2981:

Limit for marginal relief for 1989 set by changes made to the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 enacted by Finance Act 1989

2969:

Limit for marginal relief for 1990 set by changes made to the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 enacted by Finance Act 1990

2562:. However, decisions of fact are binding and can only be appealed if no reasonable Commissioner could have made that decision. 47:

UK Corporation Tax Receipts from 1999–2016, both in absolute terms and as % of GDP: includes Bank Levy and Bank Surcharge.

6681: 2675:– where the Court found that the way the partial imputation system operated prior to its abolition in 1999 was discriminatory; 6808: 2813: 2748:

was published, outlining initial proposals for the abolition of the Schedular system. This was followed up in August 2003 by

2502: 494:

Until 1965, companies were subject to income tax on their profits at the same rates as was levied on individual taxpayers. A

397: 105: 55: 6517:

Company Taxation Manual CTM02130 – Corporation Tax: computation of income: special rules: trades abroad charged under Case V

3125:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1973 & 1974 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1974

2637: 2498: 6997: 7323:

Metallgesellschaft Ltd and Others, Hoechst AG, Hoechst UK Ltd and Commissioners of Inland Revenue, H.M. Attorney General

5910: 3363:

Metallgesellschaft Ltd and Others, Hoechst AG, Hoechst UK Ltd and Commissioners of Inland Revenue, H.M. Attorney General

2164: 441:

between jurisdictions reduced the main corporate tax rate from 28% in 2008–2010 to a flat rate of 19% as of April 2021.

420:

Originally introduced as a classical tax system, in which companies were subject to tax on their profits and companies'

3073:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1978 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance (No. 2) Act 1979

1970:

was introduced, although the courts were already moving towards requiring trading profits to be computed using general

3225: 2865:

The main rate for 2011 was originally set to be 28% but was subsequently reduced to 27% and ultimately reduced to 26%.

597: 487: 122: 6837:

Company Taxation Manual CTM02060 – Corporation Tax: computation of income: dividends and other distributions received

3551: 6725:

Corporation tax: Number, income, allowances, tax liability and deductions – Financial years 1997–98 to 2004–05 (PDF)

6198: 2104:(beginning 1 April each year) is imposed by successive finance acts. The tax is charged in respect of the company's 2251: 636:. The rate then fell to 42.5% in the second Budget of 1970 and 40% in 1971. In 1973, alongside the introduction of 330: 6303:

Company Taxation Manual CTM40325 – Particular bodies: friendly societies: exemption for life or endowment business

6167:

Company Taxation Manual CTM36805 – Particular topics: transactions in securities: tax advantage from: introduction

7376: 7352: 7328: 2753: 2665: 449: 354: 320: 284: 6916:

Company Taxation Manual CTM80530 – Consortia: group relief: meaning of consortium members and consortium company

6710:

Company Taxation Manual CTM92580 – CTSA: quarterly instalments: due dates: accounting period less than 12 months

3697: 3669: 3109:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1975 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1976

3097:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1976 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1977

3085:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1977 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1978

3061:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1979 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1980

3049:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1980 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1981

3037:

Limits for marginal relief set for 1981 set by changes made to the Finance Act 1972 enacted by Finance Act 1982

2660: 461: 3173: 6982: 2312:

Annual income not falling within Cases I, III and V, and other income/gains specifically taxed under Case VI

2591: 2113: 2013:("GAAP") unless there is a specific statutory or case law rule to the contrary. This was followed up by the 637: 582:

The level of ACT was linked to the basic rate of income tax between 1973 and 1993. The March 1993 Budget of

545: 434: 409: 390: 325: 279: 7129: 7109: 4981: 4979: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 3614: 578:, the Chancellor of the Exchequer who abolished ACT and introduced the quarterly instalment regime in 1999. 7840: 5935: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 2709: 2704:

There are also a number of other cases making their way, slowly, up to the European Court. In particular:

652:

companies' rates. From April 1983 to March 1997 the small companies' rate was pegged to the basic rate of

520: 294: 157: 84: 7720: 2361:

tax, a practice if left unaddressed would cost the rest of the taxpaying population billions of pounds".

6806:

Tax Appeals: A guide to appealing against decisions of the Inland Revenue on tax and other matters (PDF)

3424: 619:

majority of corporation tax receipts) were subjected to a quarterly instalments scheme for tax payment.

555:

representing the ACT paid. Individuals could set off the tax credit against their income tax liability.

468:, with the corporation tax system in various specific areas based directly on the accounting treatment. 437:

and of repayable dividend tax credits. Another change saw the single main rate of tax split into three.

253: 182: 6179:

Company Taxation Manual CTM56705 – Loan relationships: miscellaneous: for unallowable purposes: general

2536: 1993:

the treatment of most loan relationships was also brought into line with the accounting treatment. The

6762: 6724: 6652:

Company Taxation Manual CTM03560 – Corporation Tax: small companies: company with associated companies

6578: 6448:

International Manual INTM201070 – Controlled Foreign Companies: legislation – introduction and outline

6429:

International Manual INTM201020 – Controlled Foreign Companies: legislation – introduction and outline

6559: 5888: 5850: 5743: 5705: 2515: 2348:. Donations made to charities are also normally deducted in calculating taxable income if made under 2143:

From 2004 there has been a requirement for new companies to notify HM Revenue & Customs of their

2109: 2018: 2002: 1982: 594: 583: 347: 289: 1947: 3366:

ECJ Cases C-397/98 and 410/98 (Joined cases), European Court of Justice, 2001. Retrieved 9 May 2007

3279: 2769: 2292:

Interest-type income and gains/losses on loans, derivatives, financial instruments and intangibles

2080:

advantage for the government. Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 continued measures specifically relating to

515:'s 1951 budget, the profits tax was 50% for distributed profits and 10% for undistributed profits. 495: 429: 243: 222: 202: 162: 110: 3525:

Company Taxation Manual CTM16120 – Distributions: impact on CT: franked investment income: general

3378: 7680: 3585: 3197: 2583: 2511:

companies are taxed using the above rates on shareholder profits and 20% on policy holder profits

382: 212: 177: 117: 7149: 6467:

Company Taxation Manual CTM48215 – Authorised investment funds: taxation of funds: capital gains

3192: 2085: 2001:

went even further, making it clear that taxable trading profits (apart from those accruing to a

3464: 1981:

introduced rules to make tax on exchange gains and losses mimic their treatment in a company's

7301: 7074: 6861:

Company Taxation Manual CTM04050 – Corporation Tax: trading losses: general: reliefs available

6269: 6232: 6098: 6055: 6032: 6012: 5992: 5972: 5834: 3433: 3314: 3255: 2621: 2366: 2144: 2105: 533: 274: 258: 7255: 7051: 5809: 5762: 3486: 2636:

up a 75% group do not all need to be UK-resident or subject to UK corporation tax relief. An

2535:

HMRC has one year from the normal filing date, which is itself one year after the end of the

6142: 3574:

Company Taxation Manual CTM20070 – ACT: general: qualifying and non-qualifying distributions

2765: 2555: 2547: 2014: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1978: 405: 238: 6366:

Company Taxation Manual CTM93090 – CTSA: the filing obligation: delivery of return: content

2643:

Consortium relief is permitted where a company subject to UK corporation tax is owned by a

632:

On its introduction in 1965, corporation tax was charged at 40%, rising to 45% in the 1969

7058: 7039: 7020: 7001: 6867: 6848: 6812: 6769: 6750: 6731: 6685: 6585: 6566: 6535: 6504: 6485: 6454: 6447: 6435: 6428: 6185: 5914: 5895: 5876: 5857: 5769: 5750: 5731: 5712: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 3592: 3558: 3321: 3229: 2587: 2575: 2341: 2148: 508: 483: 438: 187: 7225: 7191: 7032: 7013: 6743: 5724: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 6528: 6478: 6389: 5957:

Company Taxation Manual CTM01130 – Corporation Tax: introduction: computation of profits

2856:

The main rate for 2012 was originally set to be 25% but was subsequently reduced to 24%.

7867: 7859: 7851: 7832: 7824: 7816: 7808: 7800: 7792: 7784: 7776: 7768: 7760: 7752: 7744: 7736: 7728: 7712: 7704: 7696: 7688: 7672: 7664: 7656: 7648: 7640: 7632: 7624: 7592: 7584: 7576: 7568: 7552: 7544: 7536: 7520: 7512: 7496: 7488: 7480: 7472: 7464: 7456: 7448: 7440: 7432: 7424: 7416: 7408: 6958:

Cadbury Schweppes plc, Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Ltd v Commissioners of Inland Revenue

6915: 6903: 6891: 6879: 6860: 6836: 6824: 6793: 6781: 6709: 6697: 6663: 6651: 6600: 6547: 6516: 6497: 6466: 6413: 6401: 6377: 6365: 6353: 6341: 6329: 6317: 6302: 6291:

Company Taxation Manual CTM01105 – Corporation Tax: introduction: basis of charge to CT

6290: 6178: 6166: 6117: 6071: 5956: 5869: 3653: 3638: 3573: 3539: 3524: 3509: 2823: 2737:. It set out the strategy for modernising corporate taxes and proposals for relief for 2657: 2508: 2337: 2125: 2081: 2033: 2030: 2006: 1963: 1910: 656:. During the 1980s there was briefly a higher rate of tax imposed for capital profits. 641: 564: 512: 35: 7616: 7608: 7600: 7560: 7528: 7504: 7400: 6330:

Corporation Tax Manual CTM93030 – CTSA: the filing obligation: filing date: definition

6253: 7897: 6892:

Company Taxation Manual CTM80110 – Groups: group relief: reliefs which may be claimed

6601:

Company Taxation Manual CTM01405 – Corporation Tax: accounting periods: apportionment

6318:

Company Taxation Manual CTM93260 – CTSA: the filing obligation: unsatisfactory return

6118:

Company Taxation Manual CTM08005 – Corporation Tax: management expenses: introduction

3493: 2818: 2060: 2052: 1962:

The starting point for computing taxable profits is profits before tax (except for a

1902: 648: 453: 445: 386: 378: 27:

UK tax on UK-resident companies and companies with permanent establishments in the UK

7090: 7274: 6678: 6664:

Company Taxation Manual CTM03505 – Corporation Tax: small companies: the lower rate

5968: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3510:

Company Taxation Manual CTM20105 – ACT: set-off against CT on profits: introduction

2738: 2629: 2136:

introduced. Self-assessment means that companies are required to assess themselves

1894: 602: 590: 575: 217: 207: 6805: 5783: 5551: 5549: 2009:

company) and profits from a rental business are equal to profits calculated under

1943: 571: 428:

that they received, the first major amendment to corporation tax saw it move to a

17: 6548:

Corporate Taxation Manual CTM09060 – Corporation Tax: charges on income: Gift Aid

6228: 6072:

Company Taxation Manual CTM40750 – Particular bodies: Lloyd's underwriting agents

3334: 2260:

Authorised unit trusts and OEICs are not liable to tax on their chargeable gains.

471:

Total net corporation tax receipts were a record high of £56 billion in 2016–17.

7221: 7187: 6796:

which is now known as the First Tier Tax Tribunal, HMRC. Retrieved 15 April 2007

3174:"Gross Domestic Product at market prices: Current price: Seasonally adjusted £m" 2101: 1971: 421: 401: 310: 79: 6402:

Company Taxation Manual CTM17005 – Distributions: stock dividends: introduction

3794: 3792: 3790: 7070: 6994: 6479:

Business Income Manual BIM14080 – Schedule D: Trade, professions and vocations

6265: 6254:

Oil Taxation Manual OT00190 – The Taxation of the UK Oil Industry: An Overview

6094: 6051: 6028: 2644: 2578:

whenever a company receives income that has already been taxed. This could be

2518:

are subject to an additional 10% charge on their profits from those activities

2494: 2129: 2124:

Corporation tax is levied on the net profits of a company. Except for certain

653: 552: 479: 197: 6498:

Company Taxation Manual CTM50310 – Loan relationships: overview: new Case III

6342:

Company Taxation Manual CTM95305 – CTSA: Revenue determination: power to make

6008: 5988: 5907: 3245: 2735:

Large Business Taxation: the Government's strategy and corporate tax reforms

2715:

Claims that the UK CFC legislation is contrary to EU law (notably Vodafone).

2514:

Companies active in the oil and gas extraction industry in the UK or on the

2077: 2041: 6354:

Company Taxation Manual CTM90602 – CTSA: claims and elections: introduction

3654:

Company Taxation Manual CTM92505 – CTSA: quarterly instalments: legislation

3540:

Company Taxation Manual CTM15150 – Distributions: general: tax consequences

3254:, responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO), 3222: 2108:, which is normally the 12-month period for which the company prepares its 6698:

Company Taxation Manual CTM92010 – CTSA: the payment obligation: due dates

5578: 5576: 5512: 5510: 5473: 5471: 5434: 5432: 5371: 5369: 5332: 5330: 5293: 5291: 5218: 5216: 5214: 6904:

Company Taxation Manual CTM80155 – Groups: group relief: qualifying tests

6849:

International Manual INTM151040 – Double taxation: concept and principles

5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5151: 5149: 2579: 2551: 2349: 2147:, although HMRC receives notifications of new company registrations from 1906: 504: 425: 6932:

EJC case C-324/00, European Court of Justice, 2002. Retrieved 9 May 2007

6618: 4570: 4568: 2232:

Profits made by controlled foreign companies where no exemption applies

1926:

The following graph shows UK corporation tax revenue from 1999 to 2017:

43: 34:

Throughout this article, the term "pound" and the £ symbol refer to the

7371:

Marks and Spencer plc v David Halsey (Her Majesty's Inspector of Taxes)

6211: 5689: 5687: 2152: 511:

to encourage companies to retain more of their profits. At the time of

7882: 6943:

Marks and Spencer plc v David Halsey (Her Majesty’s Inspector of Taxes

1942:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

633: 192: 6414:

Company Taxation Manual CTM02250 – Corporation Tax: chargeable gains

3639:

Company Taxation Manual CTM18250 – Shadow ACT: outline of the scheme

2100:, otherwise there is no authority to collect it. The charge for the 6782:

Company Taxation Manual CTM90150 – CTSA: introduction: key features

3552:

Income Tax Personal Allowances and Reliefs 1973–74 to 1989–90 (PDF)

2084:

companies. When originally announced (as Finance (No.3) Bill 2005)

6961:

EJC Case C-196/04, European Court of Justice. Retrieved 9 May 2007

2244: 570: 478: 6763:

Corporation tax payable after set-offs by year of liability (PDF)

4985: 4175: 3465:"Equality and incentive: fiscal politics from Gladstone to Brown" 2322:

Cases II and IV only apply to income tax and not corporation tax.

452:

judgements that aspects of it are incompatible with EU treaties.

7297: 7251: 7217: 7183: 7169: 7153: 7133: 7113: 7094: 6880:

Company Taxation Manual CTM80105 – Groups: group relief: outline

6825:

Company Taxation Manual CTM95100 – CTSA: assessments: time limit

6815:, Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved 15 April 2007 6529:

Business Income Manual BIM80101 – Case VI: General: introduction

2044:

between companies applying IFRS and companies applying UK GAAP.

6947:

EUECJ C-446/03, European Court of Justice. Retrieved 9 May 2007

5870:

Company taxation Manual CTM14105 – NCDR: general: introduction

1997:

saw something similar with rental premiums. A year later, the

1928: 6794:

Company Taxation Manual CTM95130 – CTSA: assessments: appeals

2327:

upon the nature of the income under which the losses arises.

2222:

Gains as defined by legislation that are not taxed as income

2096:

Powers to collect corporation tax must be passed annually by

448:

faced problems with its corporate tax structure, including

3426:

Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979

7014:

Reform of corporation tax – A consultation document (PDF)

5833:(Table B1), Department of Trade and Industry, July 2003, 2247:)) that removes the charge from Schedule F to Schedule D. 2594:, or because it receives other types of foreign income. 1989:

saw similar rules for financial instruments, and in the

389:

and on the profits of entities registered overseas with

6378:

Property Income Manual PIM1001 – Introduction: overview

7033:

Corporation tax reform – A consultation document (PDF)

6588:, 21 March 2007, H M Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 3009: 3007: 2582:

income, which will have been paid out of the post-tax

2036:

have to prepare their financial statements using the "

7177:"Reform of corporation tax – A consultation document" 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2264:

Schedule D is itself divided into a number of cases:

396:

Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same

6720: 6718: 5772:

s1.20, The Stationery Office. Retrieved 9 April 2007

5567: 5555: 5411: 5399: 5258: 5104: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4032: 3876: 3843: 3798: 3769: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2155:' reports, that are required for certain companies. 6390:

Business Income Manual BIM14010 – Schedule D: Scope

2746:

Reform of corporation tax – A consultation document

2257:

Schedules B, C and E used to, but no longer, exist.

2202:Taxable income not falling within another Schedule 7211:"Corporation tax reform – A consultation document" 3696:, Schedule 1 – Inserting section 18D(2)(b) to the 3668:, Schedule 1 – Inserting section 18D(2)(a) to the 3377: 3376:Jackson, Gavin; Houlder, Vanessa (26 April 2017). 2377:Corporate tax rates for financial years 2008–2014 7883:"Acts of the UK Parliament and Explanatory Notes" 3270:Most income tax rules have been rewritten in the 2346:basic life assurance and general annuity business 1889:Starting rate and non-corporate distribution rate 3379:"Riddle of UK's rising corporation tax receipts" 3105: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3033: 3031: 2977: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2784:reforms, mostly affecting the leasing industry. 2750:Corporation tax reform – A consultation document 2741:on substantial shareholdings held by companies. 2138:and take full responsibility for that assessment 7052:Corporation tax reform – a technical note (PDF) 2586:of another company and which may have suffered 6579:Chancellor of the Exchequer's Budget Statement 6424: 6422: 3276:Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005 2336:similar relief is available for expenses of a 7325:ECJ Cases C-397/98 and 410/98 (Joined cases)" 6596: 6594: 355: 8: 6744:HM Revenue and Customs annual receipts (PDF) 6313: 6311: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6113: 6111: 5803: 5801: 5693: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5594: 5582: 5540: 5528: 5516: 5501: 5489: 5477: 5462: 5450: 5438: 5423: 5387: 5375: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5282: 5270: 5246: 5234: 5222: 5205: 5186: 5167: 5155: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5092: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4922: 4910: 4898: 4886: 4874: 4862: 4850: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4559: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4020: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3855: 3822: 3810: 3781: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3709: 3693: 3681: 3665: 3335:"Corporation Tax rates and reliefs – GOV.UK" 665: 660: 400:as individual taxpayers, with an additional 193:Various alcohol- and gambling-related duties 6249: 6247: 6245: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6080: 3649: 3647: 3569: 3567: 3535: 3533: 3520: 3518: 3272:Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 2764:Merging thin capitalisation rules with the 2128:companies, it is borne by the company as a 2038:International Financial Reporting Standards 2025:International Financial Reporting Standards 417:(as amended) prior to the rewrite project. 6613: 6611: 6609: 3458: 3456: 3021: 3019: 2829:Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland 2609:United Kingdom corporation tax loss relief 670:Lower limit (small rate profit threshold) 658: 362: 348: 50: 7347:Lankhorst-Hohorst and Finanzamt Steinfurt 7245:"Corporation tax reform – Technical note" 6995:A Review of Small Business Taxation (PDF) 6929:Lankhorst-Hohorst and Finanzamt Steinfurt 6047: 6045: 3357: 3355: 2781:Corporation tax reform – a technical note 662:Table of corporation tax rates over time 7904:Corporate taxation in the United Kingdom 6199:"Tax avoidance: General Anti-Abuse Rule" 6132:, www.europa.eu. Retrieved 13 April 2007 6130:International accounting standards (IAS) 3310: 3308: 2531:HM Revenue and Customs powers of enquiry 2375: 2266: 2176: 600:described it as a "hammer blow" and the 42: 7681:"Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988" 7130:"Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992" 7110:"Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988" 6674: 6672: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3133: 2840: 490:who introduced corporation tax in 1965. 302: 266: 230: 92: 71: 53: 6569:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 5898:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 5860:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 5753:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 5715:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 19 April 2007 3595:, HM Treasury. 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Retrieved 17 April 2007 2630:oil and gas extraction business 2501:are taxed at the basic rate of 2499:open-ended investment companies 640:(ACT), Conservative chancellor 628:Main and small companies' rates 7909:Taxation in the United Kingdom 7373:[2005] EUECJ C-446/03" 5917:, HMRC. Retrieved 9 April 2007 5782:Toyne, Sarah (16 March 2004). 5725:IR19: Help for Small Companies 3561:, HMRC. Retrieved 9 April 2007 3432:. Cambridge University Press. 3315:Rates of Corporation Tax (PDF) 2814:Taxation in the United Kingdom 2344:which relate to the company's 56:Taxation in the United Kingdom 1: 7224:. August 2003. Archived from 7190:. August 2002. Archived from 7150:"Capital Allowances Act 2001" 4988:, Section 13(3) (as enacted). 4178:, Section 13(3) (as amended). 3605:Field, Frank (1 April 2007). 2652:Interaction with European law 2640:cannot form part of a group. 2638:open-ended investment company 7300:. March 2007. Archived from 5831:Companies in 2002–2003 (PDF) 3463:Daunton, Martin (May 2002). 2165:Schedular system of taxation 5908:BN01: Corporation Tax Rates 3607:"The great pension swindle" 2570:Relief from double taxation 2061:general anti-avoidance rule 488:Chancellor of the Exchequer 123:Health and Social Care Levy 7925: 7793:"Finance (No. 2) Act 1975" 7761:"Finance (No. 2) Act 1979" 7721:"Finance (No. 2) Act 1983" 7633:"Finance (No. 2) Act 1992" 7481:"Finance (No. 2) Act 2010" 7433:"Finance (No. 2) Act 2015" 7401:"Corporation Tax Act 2010" 7291:"Rates of Corporation Tax" 3193:"Finance Act 1965 (c. 25)" 2252:Controlled Foreign Company 2169:In the United Kingdom the 2162: 2059:Until 2013, the UK had no 543: 509:post-war Labour government 331:Business rates in Scotland 7377:European Court of Justice 7353:European Court of Justice 7329:European Court of Justice 7091:"Company Taxation Manual" 6906:. Retrieved 16 April 2007 5730:28 September 2007 at the 2754:European Court of Justice 2666:European Court of Justice 2421:Small profits upper limit 2212:Income from UK dividends 2071:Need for greater revenues 661: 450:European Court of Justice 321:Business rates in England 285:Welsh Rates of Income Tax 72:UK Government Departments 7057:21 February 2007 at the 6621:. HM Revenue&Customs 5969:Finance Act 1993 (c. 34) 5568:Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 5556:Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 5412:Finance (No. 2) Act 1979 5400:Finance (No. 2) Act 1979 5259:Finance (No. 2) Act 1983 5105:Finance (No. 2) Act 1983 4839:Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 4827:Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 4815:Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 4033:Finance (No. 2) Act 2010 3877:Corporation Tax Act 2010 3844:Corporation Tax Act 2010 3799:Finance (No. 2) Act 2015 3770:Finance (No. 2) Act 2015 3698:Corporation Tax Act 2010 3670:Corporation Tax Act 2010 3500:. Retrieved 8 March 2015 3423:Daunton, Martin (2002). 2282:Profits from a UK trade 2114:HM Revenue & Customs 462:Corporation Tax Act 2010 391:permanent establishments 7019:6 February 2007 at the 6866:7 February 2007 at the 6768:5 February 2007 at the 6619:"Corporation Tax rates" 6534:7 February 2007 at the 6503:7 February 2007 at the 6484:6 February 2007 at the 6453:6 February 2007 at the 6434:6 February 2007 at the 6266:Finance (No.2) Act 2005 6184:11 January 2007 at the 5875:7 February 2007 at the 3628:(subscription required) 3557:6 February 2007 at the 2620:The UK does not permit 2592:permanent establishment 2505:which is 20% as of 2010 2005:corporate name or to a 1985:in most instances. The 638:advance corporation tax 546:Advance corporation tax 540:Advance corporation tax 435:advance corporation tax 410:Tax Law Rewrite Project 326:Business rates in Wales 280:Welsh Revenue Authority 7250:. Inland Revenue (now 7216:. Inland Revenue (now 7182:. Inland Revenue (now 7168:Finance Acts (1965–), 5936:HM Revenue and Customs 5841:. Retrieved 9 May 2007 3467:. History & Policy 2725:Corporation tax reform 2710:group litigation order 2656:Although there are no 2456:£300,001 – £1,500,000 2441:Marginal relief limits 673:Small companies' rate 579: 521:Derick Heathcoat-Amory 491: 295:Landfill Disposals Tax 158:Stamp Duty Reserve Tax 85:HM Revenue and Customs 48: 7038:12 April 2007 at the 6811:10 March 2007 at the 6679:Life Assurance Manual 6584:28 March 2007 at the 5913:15 April 2007 at the 5894:24 April 2007 at the 5856:12 March 2007 at the 5749:22 April 2007 at the 3591:20 March 2007 at the 3228:18 April 2006 at the 3203:The National Archives 2453:£300,001 – £1,500,000 2450:£300,001 – £1,500,000 2447:£300,001 – £1,500,000 2444:£300,001 – £1,500,000 2340:company taxed on the 1922:Historic tax revenues 574: 482: 404:levied on companies. 254:Scottish Landfill Tax 183:Petroleum Revenue Tax 173:Insurance Premium Tax 46: 7427:. 15 September 2016. 6565:6 April 2007 at the 6276:Retrieved 9 May 2007 6239:Retrieved 9 May 2007 6105:Retrieved 9 May 2007 6062:Retrieved 9 May 2007 6039:Retrieved 9 May 2007 6019:Retrieved 9 May 2007 5999:Retrieved 9 May 2007 5979:Retrieved 9 May 2007 5768:11 June 2007 at the 2516:UK Continental Shelf 2192:Income from UK land 2019:financial statements 1983:financial statements 667:Year (from 1 April) 627: 595:Member of Parliament 385:made by UK-resident 290:Land Transaction Tax 7435:. 18 November 2015. 7261:on 21 February 2007 7000:9 June 2007 at the 6749:9 June 2007 at the 6730:9 June 2007 at the 6684:6 June 2007 at the 5711:6 June 2007 at the 4973:, Section 35(1)(b). 4949:, Section 35(1)(a). 4925:, Section 20(1)(b). 4901:, Section 20(1)(a). 4877:, Section 25(1)(b). 4853:, Section 25(1)(a). 4757:, Section 86(1)(b). 4733:, Section 86(1)(a). 4613:, Section 28(2)(b). 4601:, Section 28(2)(a). 4589:, Section 29(2)(b). 4562:, Section 29(2)(a). 3879:, Section 24(2)(b). 3846:, Section 24(2)(a). 3412:Corporate Tax (PDF) 3320:9 June 2007 at the 3280:Income Tax Act 2007 2770:Thin capitalisation 2720:Recent developments 2574:There is a risk of 2378: 2331:Relief for expenses 2086:Legal & General 496:dividend imputation 430:dividend imputation 244:Scottish income tax 231:Scottish Government 223:Vehicle Excise Duty 203:Climate Change Levy 163:Stamp Duty Land Tax 7868:"Finance Act 1966" 7860:"Finance Act 1967" 7852:"Finance Act 1968" 7841:"Finance Act 1969" 7833:"Finance Act 1970" 7825:"Finance Act 1971" 7817:"Finance Act 1972" 7809:"Finance Act 1973" 7801:"Finance Act 1974" 7785:"Finance Act 1976" 7777:"Finance Act 1977" 7769:"Finance Act 1978" 7753:"Finance Act 1980" 7745:"Finance Act 1981" 7737:"Finance Act 1982" 7729:"Finance Act 1983" 7713:"Finance Act 1984" 7705:"Finance Act 1985" 7697:"Finance Act 1986" 7689:"Finance Act 1987" 7683:. 9 February 1988. 7673:"Finance Act 1988" 7665:"Finance Act 1989" 7657:"Finance Act 1990" 7649:"Finance Act 1991" 7641:"Finance Act 1992" 7625:"Finance Act 1993" 7617:"Finance Act 1994" 7609:"Finance Act 1995" 7601:"Finance Act 1996" 7593:"Finance Act 1997" 7585:"Finance Act 1998" 7577:"Finance Act 1999" 7569:"Finance Act 2000" 7561:"Finance Act 2001" 7553:"Finance Act 2002" 7545:"Finance Act 2003" 7537:"Finance Act 2004" 7529:"Finance Act 2005" 7521:"Finance Act 2006" 7513:"Finance Act 2007" 7505:"Finance Act 2008" 7497:"Finance Act 2009" 7489:"Finance Act 2010" 7473:"Finance Act 2011" 7465:"Finance Act 2012" 7457:"Finance Act 2013" 7449:"Finance Act 2014" 7441:"Finance Act 2015" 7425:"Finance Act 2016" 7417:"Finance Act 2020" 7409:"Finance Act 2021" 7379:. 13 December 2005 7355:. 12 December 2002 7349:EJC case C-324/00" 7197:on 6 February 2007 4298:, Section 3(2)(a). 4274:, Section 3(1)(a). 4262:, Section 7(2)(a). 4250:, Section 2(1)(a). 4238:, Section 7(1)(a). 4226:, Section 8(2)(a). 4214:, Section 6(2)(a). 4202:, Section 8(1)(a). 4083:, Section 3(2)(a). 4071:, Section 7(2)(a). 4059:, Section 3(1)(a). 4047:, Section 6(2)(a). 3999:, Section 6(1)(a). 3987:, Section 7(2)(a). 3975:, Section 5(2)(a). 3951:, Section 7(1)(a). 3939:, Section 5(2)(a). 3915:, Section 5(1)(a). 3903:, Section 6(2)(a). 3858:, Section 6(1)(a). 3736:, Section 6(2)(a). 3724:, Section 7(2)(b). 3712:, Section 6(2)(b). 3684:, Section 7(2)(a). 3198:legislation.gov.uk 2779:In December 2004, 2697:Also, the case of 2401:Small profits rate 2376: 580: 492: 213:Machine Games Duty 178:Air Passenger Duty 127:proposal abolished 118:National Insurance 49: 18:UK corporation tax 5839:978-0-11-515505-5 5763:Budget 2002 (PDF) 5585:, Section 10(2)). 5558:, Section 27(2)). 5519:, Section 27(2)). 5480:, Section 20(1)). 5441:, Section 17(2)). 5414:, Section 21(1)). 5378:, Section 21(1)). 5339:, Section 22(1)). 5300:, Section 23(1)). 5237:, Section 13(1)). 5225:, Section 20(1)). 4442:, Section 134(b). 4418:, Section 134(a). 3498:Newark Advertiser 3154:on 6 October 2017 2691:Cadbury Schweppes 2685:Marks and Spencer 2679:Lankhorst-Hohorst 2622:tax consolidation 2537:period of account 2480: 2479: 2367:accounting period 2356:Rates and payment 2316: 2315: 2236: 2235: 2106:accounting period 1955: 1954: 1886: 1885: 534:capital gains tax 381:levied in on the 372: 371: 275:Taxation in Wales 259:Air Departure Tax 138:Capital gains tax 16:(Redirected from 7916: 7890: 7871: 7870:. 3 August 1966. 7863: 7855: 7847: 7845: 7836: 7828: 7827:. 5 August 1971. 7820: 7812: 7804: 7796: 7795:. 1 August 1975. 7788: 7780: 7772: 7764: 7756: 7755:. 1 August 1980. 7748: 7740: 7732: 7724: 7716: 7708: 7700: 7692: 7684: 7676: 7668: 7660: 7652: 7644: 7643:. 16 March 1992. 7636: 7628: 7620: 7612: 7604: 7603:. 29 April 1996. 7596: 7595:. 19 March 1997. 7588: 7580: 7572: 7564: 7556: 7548: 7540: 7532: 7524: 7516: 7508: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7476: 7468: 7460: 7452: 7444: 7443:. 26 March 2015. 7436: 7428: 7420: 7412: 7404: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7306: 7295: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7260: 7249: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7231:on 12 April 2007 7230: 7215: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7196: 7181: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7081: 7071:Finance Act 2002 7068: 7062: 7049: 7043: 7030: 7024: 7011: 7005: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6954: 6948: 6939: 6933: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6760: 6754: 6741: 6735: 6722: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6676: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6615: 6604: 6598: 6589: 6576: 6570: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6495: 6489: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6445: 6439: 6426: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6277: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6240: 6229:Finance Act 2005 6226: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6195: 6189: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6106: 6095:Finance Act 2004 6092: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6052:Finance Act 1998 6049: 6040: 6029:Finance Act 1997 6026: 6020: 6009:Finance Act 1996 6006: 6000: 5989:Finance Act 1994 5986: 5980: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5932: 5924: 5918: 5905: 5899: 5886: 5880: 5867: 5861: 5848: 5842: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5805: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5779: 5773: 5760: 5754: 5741: 5735: 5722: 5716: 5703: 5697: 5694:Finance Act 1966 5691: 5682: 5679:Finance Act 1967 5676: 5670: 5667:Finance Act 1968 5664: 5658: 5655:Finance Act 1969 5652: 5646: 5643:Finance Act 1970 5640: 5634: 5631:Finance Act 1971 5628: 5622: 5619:Finance Act 1972 5616: 5610: 5607:Finance Act 1973 5604: 5598: 5595:Finance Act 1974 5592: 5586: 5583:Finance Act 1974 5580: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5544: 5541:Finance Act 1974 5538: 5532: 5529:Finance Act 1976 5526: 5520: 5517:Finance Act 1976 5514: 5505: 5504:, Section 27(3). 5502:Finance Act 1976 5499: 5493: 5490:Finance Act 1977 5487: 5481: 5478:Finance Act 1977 5475: 5466: 5465:, Section 20(2). 5463:Finance Act 1977 5460: 5454: 5451:Finance Act 1978 5448: 5442: 5439:Finance Act 1978 5436: 5427: 5426:, Section 17(3). 5424:Finance Act 1978 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5388:Finance Act 1980 5385: 5379: 5376:Finance Act 1980 5373: 5364: 5363:, Section 21(2). 5361:Finance Act 1980 5358: 5352: 5349:Finance Act 1981 5346: 5340: 5337:Finance Act 1981 5334: 5325: 5324:, Section 22(2). 5322:Finance Act 1981 5319: 5313: 5310:Finance Act 1982 5307: 5301: 5298:Finance Act 1982 5295: 5286: 5285:, Section 23(2). 5283:Finance Act 1982 5280: 5274: 5271:Finance Act 1983 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5247:Finance Act 1983 5244: 5238: 5235:Finance Act 1983 5232: 5226: 5223:Finance Act 1984 5220: 5209: 5208:, Section 18(3). 5206:Finance Act 1984 5203: 5190: 5189:, Section 20(2). 5187:Finance Act 1984 5184: 5171: 5170:, Section 20(1). 5168:Finance Act 1984 5165: 5159: 5158:, Section 18(1). 5156:Finance Act 1986 5153: 5144: 5143:, Section 22(2). 5141:Finance Act 1987 5138: 5132: 5129:Finance Act 1987 5126: 5120: 5119:, Section 22(1). 5117:Finance Act 1987 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5093:Finance Act 1972 5090: 5025: 5024:, Section 27(2). 5022:Finance Act 1988 5019: 5013: 5010:Finance Act 1988 5007: 5001: 5000:, Section 27(1). 4998:Finance Act 1988 4995: 4989: 4983: 4974: 4971:Finance Act 1989 4968: 4962: 4959:Finance Act 1989 4956: 4950: 4947:Finance Act 1989 4944: 4938: 4937:, Section 35(2). 4935:Finance Act 1989 4932: 4926: 4923:Finance Act 1990 4920: 4914: 4911:Finance Act 1990 4908: 4902: 4899:Finance Act 1990 4896: 4890: 4889:, Section 20(2). 4887:Finance Act 1990 4884: 4878: 4875:Finance Act 1991 4872: 4866: 4863:Finance Act 1991 4860: 4854: 4851:Finance Act 1991 4848: 4842: 4841:, Section 22(b). 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4817:, Section 22(a). 4812: 4806: 4805:, Section 54(b). 4803:Finance Act 1993 4800: 4794: 4791:Finance Act 1993 4788: 4782: 4781:, Section 54(a). 4779:Finance Act 1993 4776: 4770: 4769:, Section 25(2). 4767:Finance Act 1991 4764: 4758: 4755:Finance Act 1994 4752: 4746: 4743:Finance Act 1994 4740: 4734: 4731:Finance Act 1994 4728: 4722: 4721:, Section 38(b). 4719:Finance Act 1995 4716: 4710: 4707:Finance Act 1995 4704: 4698: 4697:, Section 38(a). 4695:Finance Act 1995 4692: 4686: 4685:, Section 78(b). 4683:Finance Act 1996 4680: 4674: 4671:Finance Act 1996 4668: 4662: 4661:, Section 78(a). 4659:Finance Act 1996 4656: 4650: 4649:, Section 59(b). 4647:Finance Act 1997 4644: 4638: 4635:Finance Act 1997 4632: 4626: 4625:, Section 59(a). 4623:Finance Act 1997 4620: 4614: 4611:Finance Act 1998 4608: 4602: 4599:Finance Act 1998 4596: 4590: 4587:Finance Act 1998 4584: 4578: 4577:, Section 28(1). 4575:Finance Act 1998 4572: 4563: 4560:Finance Act 1998 4557: 4551: 4550:, Section 36(b). 4548:Finance Act 2000 4545: 4539: 4536:Finance Act 1999 4533: 4527: 4526:, Section 36(a). 4524:Finance Act 2000 4521: 4515: 4514:, Section 55(b). 4512:Finance Act 2001 4509: 4503: 4500:Finance Act 2000 4497: 4491: 4490:, Section 55(a). 4488:Finance Act 2001 4485: 4479: 4478:, Section 31(b). 4476:Finance Act 2002 4473: 4467: 4464:Finance Act 2001 4461: 4455: 4454:, Section 31(a). 4452:Finance Act 2002 4449: 4443: 4440:Finance Act 2004 4437: 4431: 4428:Finance Act 2002 4425: 4419: 4416:Finance Act 2003 4413: 4407: 4406:, Section 26(b). 4404:Finance Act 2004 4401: 4395: 4392:Finance Act 2003 4389: 4383: 4382:, Section 26(a). 4380:Finance Act 2004 4377: 4371: 4370:, Section 11(b). 4368:Finance Act 2005 4365: 4359: 4356:Finance Act 2004 4353: 4347: 4346:, Section 11(a). 4344:Finance Act 2005 4341: 4335: 4334:, Section 25(b). 4332:Finance Act 2006 4329: 4323: 4320:Finance Act 2005 4317: 4311: 4310:, Section 25(a). 4308:Finance Act 2006 4305: 4299: 4296:Finance Act 2008 4293: 4287: 4284:Finance Act 2006 4281: 4275: 4272:Finance Act 2007 4269: 4263: 4260:Finance Act 2008 4257: 4251: 4248:Finance Act 2007 4245: 4239: 4236:Finance Act 2008 4233: 4227: 4224:Finance Act 2009 4221: 4215: 4212:Finance Act 2008 4209: 4203: 4200:Finance Act 2009 4197: 4191: 4188:Finance Act 1994 4185: 4179: 4173: 4084: 4081:Finance Act 2010 4078: 4072: 4069:Finance Act 2009 4066: 4060: 4057:Finance Act 2010 4054: 4048: 4045:Finance Act 2011 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4023:, Section 2(2)). 4021:Finance Act 2010 4018: 4012: 4009:Finance Act 2011 4006: 4000: 3997:Finance Act 2011 3994: 3988: 3985:Finance Act 2012 3982: 3976: 3973:Finance Act 2011 3970: 3964: 3961:Finance Act 2012 3958: 3952: 3949:Finance Act 2012 3946: 3940: 3937:Finance Act 2013 3934: 3928: 3925:Finance Act 2012 3922: 3916: 3913:Finance Act 2013 3910: 3904: 3901:Finance Act 2014 3898: 3892: 3889:Finance Act 2013 3886: 3880: 3874: 3859: 3856:Finance Act 2014 3853: 3847: 3841: 3826: 3823:Finance Act 2013 3820: 3814: 3811:Finance Act 2015 3808: 3802: 3796: 3785: 3782:Finance Act 2016 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3758:Finance Act 2020 3755: 3749: 3746:Finance Act 2020 3743: 3737: 3734:Finance Act 2021 3731: 3725: 3722:Finance Act 2021 3719: 3713: 3710:Finance Act 2021 3707: 3701: 3694:Finance Act 2021 3691: 3685: 3682:Finance Act 2021 3679: 3673: 3666:Finance Act 2021 3663: 3657: 3651: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3613:. Archived from 3602: 3596: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3562: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3528: 3522: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3492:9 March 2015 at 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3431: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3392: 3391: 3381: 3373: 3367: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3331: 3325: 3312: 3283: 3268: 3262: 3243: 3237: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3189: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3153: 3147:. Archived from 3146: 3138: 3126: 3123: 3110: 3107: 3098: 3095: 3086: 3083: 3074: 3071: 3062: 3059: 3050: 3047: 3038: 3035: 3026: 3023: 3014: 3011: 2982: 2979: 2970: 2967: 2958: 2955: 2938: 2935: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2788:Other enactments 2766:transfer pricing 2744:In August 2002, 2548:Court of Session 2379: 2302:Overseas income 2267: 2218:Chargeable gains 2177: 2159:Schedular system 2092:Method of charge 2034:listed companies 2015:Finance Act 2004 1999:Finance Act 1998 1995:Finance Act 1997 1991:Finance Act 1996 1987:Finance Act 1994 1979:Finance Act 1993 1937: 1936: 1929: 659: 527:Finance Act 1965 406:Finance Act 1965 398:income tax rates 364: 357: 350: 303:Local Government 267:Welsh Government 239:Revenue Scotland 67: 58: 51: 21: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7894: 7893: 7881: 7878: 7866: 7862:. 21 July 1967. 7858: 7854:. 26 July 1968. 7850: 7846:. 25 July 1969. 7843: 7839: 7831: 7823: 7819:. 27 July 1972. 7815: 7811:. 25 July 1973. 7807: 7803:. 31 July 1974. 7799: 7791: 7787:. 29 July 1976. 7783: 7779:. 29 July 1977. 7775: 7771:. 31 July 1978. 7767: 7763:. 26 July 1979. 7759: 7751: 7747:. 27 July 1981. 7743: 7739:. 30 July 1982. 7735: 7727: 7723:. 26 July 1983. 7719: 7715:. 26 July 1984. 7711: 7707:. 25 July 1985. 7703: 7699:. 25 July 1986. 7695: 7687: 7679: 7675:. 29 July 1988. 7671: 7667:. 27 July 1989. 7663: 7659:. 26 July 1990. 7655: 7651:. 25 July 1991. 7647: 7639: 7635:. 16 July 1992. 7631: 7627:. 27 July 1993. 7623: 7615: 7607: 7599: 7591: 7587:. 31 July 1998. 7583: 7579:. 27 July 1999. 7575: 7571:. 28 July 2000. 7567: 7559: 7555:. 24 July 2002. 7551: 7547:. 10 July 2003. 7543: 7539:. 22 July 2004. 7535: 7531:. 7 April 2005. 7527: 7523:. 19 July 2006. 7519: 7515:. 19 July 2007. 7511: 7507:. 21 July 2008. 7503: 7499:. 21 July 2009. 7495: 7491:. 8 April 2010. 7487: 7483:. 27 July 2010. 7479: 7475:. 19 July 2011. 7471: 7467:. 17 July 2012. 7463: 7459:. 17 July 2013. 7455: 7451:. 17 July 2014. 7447: 7439: 7431: 7423: 7419:. 22 July 2020. 7415: 7411:. 10 June 2021. 7407: 7403:. 3 March 2010. 7399: 7396: 7391: 7382: 7380: 7367: 7358: 7356: 7343: 7334: 7332: 7319: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7293: 7289: 7280: 7278: 7273: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7247: 7243: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7213: 7209: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7179: 7175: 7159: 7157: 7148: 7139: 7137: 7128: 7119: 7117: 7108: 7099: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7069: 7065: 7059:Wayback Machine 7050: 7046: 7040:Wayback Machine 7031: 7027: 7021:Wayback Machine 7012: 7008: 7002:Wayback Machine 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6955: 6951: 6940: 6936: 6926: 6922: 6914: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6868:Wayback Machine 6859: 6855: 6847: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6813:Wayback Machine 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6770:Wayback Machine 6761: 6757: 6751:Wayback Machine 6742: 6738: 6732:Wayback Machine 6723: 6716: 6708: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6686:Wayback Machine 6677: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6607: 6599: 6592: 6586:Wayback Machine 6577: 6573: 6567:Wayback Machine 6558: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6536:Wayback Machine 6527: 6523: 6515: 6511: 6505:Wayback Machine 6496: 6492: 6486:Wayback Machine 6477: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6455:Wayback Machine 6446: 6442: 6436:Wayback Machine 6427: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6396: 6388: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6364: 6360: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6243: 6227: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6201:. 16 July 2021. 6197: 6196: 6192: 6186:Wayback Machine 6177: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6109: 6093: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6050: 6043: 6027: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5987: 5983: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5915:Wayback Machine 5906: 5902: 5896:Wayback Machine 5887: 5883: 5877:Wayback Machine 5868: 5864: 5858:Wayback Machine 5849: 5845: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5770:Wayback Machine 5761: 5757: 5751:Wayback Machine 5742: 5738: 5732:Wayback Machine 5723: 5719: 5713:Wayback Machine 5704: 5700: 5692: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5629: 5625: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5581: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5469: 5461: 5457: 5449: 5445: 5437: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5402:, Section 7(2). 5398: 5394: 5386: 5382: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5261:, Section 2(1). 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5221: 5212: 5204: 5193: 5185: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5154: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5107:, Section 2(2). 5103: 5099: 5091: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4945: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4921: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4849: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4633: 4629: 4621: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4011:, Section 4(1). 4007: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3963:, Section 5(1). 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3927:, Section 6(2). 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3891:, Section 4(2). 3887: 3883: 3875: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3829: 3825:, Section 6(1). 3821: 3817: 3813:, Section 6(2). 3809: 3805: 3801:, Section 7(1). 3797: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3772:, Section 7(2). 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3593:Wayback Machine 3584: 3580: 3572: 3565: 3559:Wayback Machine 3550: 3546: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3429: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3395: 3384:Financial Times 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3322:Wayback Machine 3313: 3286: 3269: 3265: 3244: 3240: 3230:Wayback Machine 3223:Tax Law Rewrite 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3191: 3190: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3113: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3012: 2985: 2980: 2973: 2968: 2961: 2956: 2941: 2936: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2810: 2790: 2727: 2722: 2654: 2618: 2604: 2588:withholding tax 2576:double taxation 2572: 2556:Court of Appeal 2533: 2358: 2342:I minus E basis 2333: 2167: 2161: 2149:Companies House 2122: 2094: 2073: 2050: 2029:From 2005, all 2027: 1960: 1951: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1891: 630: 625: 612: 548: 542: 529: 477: 439:Tax competition 368: 188:Aggregates Levy 148:Inheritance tax 133:Corporation tax 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7922: 7920: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7896: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7877: 7876:External links 7874: 7873: 7872: 7864: 7856: 7848: 7837: 7835:. 29 May 1970. 7829: 7821: 7813: 7805: 7797: 7789: 7781: 7773: 7765: 7757: 7749: 7741: 7733: 7731:. 13 May 1983. 7725: 7717: 7709: 7701: 7693: 7691:. 15 May 1987. 7685: 7677: 7669: 7661: 7653: 7645: 7637: 7629: 7621: 7613: 7605: 7597: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7565: 7563:. 11 May 2001. 7557: 7549: 7541: 7533: 7525: 7517: 7509: 7501: 7493: 7485: 7477: 7469: 7461: 7453: 7445: 7437: 7429: 7421: 7413: 7405: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7365: 7341: 7331:. 8 March 2001 7317: 7307:on 9 June 2007 7287: 7271: 7241: 7207: 7173: 7166: 7146: 7126: 7106: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7063: 7044: 7025: 7006: 6987: 6975: 6963: 6949: 6934: 6920: 6908: 6896: 6884: 6872: 6853: 6841: 6829: 6817: 6798: 6786: 6774: 6755: 6736: 6714: 6702: 6690: 6668: 6656: 6644: 6632: 6605: 6590: 6571: 6552: 6540: 6521: 6509: 6490: 6471: 6459: 6440: 6418: 6406: 6394: 6382: 6370: 6358: 6346: 6334: 6322: 6307: 6295: 6278: 6258: 6241: 6216: 6204: 6190: 6171: 6159: 6134: 6122: 6107: 6076: 6064: 6041: 6021: 6001: 5981: 5961: 5949: 5919: 5900: 5881: 5862: 5843: 5823: 5797: 5774: 5755: 5736: 5717: 5698: 5696:, Section 26). 5683: 5681:, Section 19). 5671: 5669:, Section 13). 5659: 5647: 5645:, Section 13). 5635: 5633:, Section 14). 5623: 5621:, Section 64). 5611: 5609:, Section 11). 5599: 5587: 5572: 5570:, Section 26). 5560: 5545: 5533: 5531:, Section 25). 5521: 5506: 5494: 5492:, Section 18). 5482: 5467: 5455: 5453:, Section 15). 5443: 5428: 5416: 5404: 5392: 5380: 5365: 5353: 5341: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5287: 5275: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5227: 5210: 5191: 5172: 5160: 5145: 5133: 5131:, Section 21). 5121: 5109: 5097: 5026: 5014: 5012:, Section 26). 5002: 4990: 4975: 4963: 4961:, Section 34). 4951: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4913:, Section 19). 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4865:, Section 24). 4855: 4843: 4831: 4829:, Section 21). 4819: 4807: 4795: 4793:, Section 54). 4783: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4745:, Section 85). 4735: 4723: 4711: 4709:, Section 37). 4699: 4687: 4675: 4673:, Section 77). 4663: 4651: 4639: 4637:, Section 58). 4627: 4615: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4564: 4552: 4540: 4528: 4516: 4504: 4492: 4480: 4468: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4396: 4394:, Section 133. 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4252: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4180: 4085: 4073: 4061: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3977: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3860: 3848: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3686: 3674: 3658: 3643: 3631: 3617:on 4 June 2015 3597: 3578: 3563: 3544: 3529: 3514: 3502: 3478: 3452: 3438: 3415: 3393: 3368: 3351: 3326: 3284: 3263: 3238: 3215: 3179: 3165: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2939: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2824:UK company law 2821: 2816: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2789: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2762: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2695: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2658:European Union 2653: 2650: 2617: 2614: 2603: 2600: 2571: 2568: 2560:House of Lords 2532: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2512: 2509:Life assurance 2506: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2357: 2354: 2338:life assurance 2332: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2248: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2163:Main article: 2160: 2157: 2126:life assurance 2121: 2118: 2102:financial year 2093: 2090: 2082:life assurance 2072: 2069: 2049: 2046: 2031:European Union 2026: 2023: 2007:life assurance 1964:life assurance 1959: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1941: 1939: 1932: 1923: 1920: 1911:basic rate tax 1890: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 984: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 964: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 944: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 924: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 904: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 884: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 864: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 844: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 824: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 804: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 764: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 744: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 724: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 704: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 684: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 664: 663: 642:Anthony Barber 629: 626: 624: 621: 611: 608: 565:life assurance 544:Main article: 541: 538: 528: 525: 513:Hugh Gaitskell 476: 473: 370: 369: 367: 366: 359: 352: 344: 341: 340: 339: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 305: 304: 300: 299: 298: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 269: 268: 264: 263: 262: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 233: 232: 228: 227: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 143:Motoring taxes 140: 135: 130: 120: 115: 114: 113: 103: 95: 94: 90: 89: 88: 87: 82: 74: 73: 69: 68: 60: 59: 41: 40: 36:Pound sterling 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7921: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7619:. 3 May 1994. 7618: 7614: 7611:. 1 May 1995. 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7366: 7354: 7350: 7348: 7342: 7330: 7326: 7324: 7318: 7303: 7299: 7292: 7288: 7276: 7272: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7242: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7212: 7208: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7080: 7079:0-10-542302-5 7076: 7072: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7010: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6959: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6900: 6897: 6893: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6636: 6633: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6556: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6444: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6335: 6331: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6274:0-10-542205-3 6271: 6267: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6237:0-10-540805-0 6234: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6208: 6205: 6200: 6194: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6160: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6103:0-10-541204-X 6100: 6096: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6060:0-10-543698-4 6057: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6037:0-10-541697-5 6034: 6030: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6017:0-10-540896-4 6014: 6010: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5997:0-10-540994-4 5994: 5990: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5977:0-10-543493-0 5974: 5970: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5950: 5938: 5937: 5929: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5824: 5811: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5785: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5663: 5660: 5657:, Section 9). 5656: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5600: 5597:, Section 9). 5596: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5543:, Section 11. 5542: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5393: 5390:, Section 19. 5389: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5354: 5351:, Section 20. 5350: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5315: 5312:, Section 21. 5311: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5276: 5273:, Section 13. 5272: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5252: 5249:, Section 11. 5248: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4541: 4538:, Section 27. 4537: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4505: 4502:, Section 35. 4501: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4466:, Section 54. 4465: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4430:, Section 30. 4429: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4358:, Section 25. 4357: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4325: 4322:, Section 10. 4321: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4286:, Section 24. 4285: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4190:, Section 86. 4189: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3871: 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592: 588: 585: 584:Norman Lamont 577: 573: 569: 566: 560: 556: 554: 547: 539: 537: 535: 526: 524: 522: 516: 514: 510: 506: 500: 497: 489: 485: 484:Jim Callaghan 481: 474: 472: 469: 467: 463: 457: 455: 454:Tax avoidance 451: 447: 446:UK government 442: 440: 436: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:corporate tax 376: 365: 360: 358: 353: 351: 346: 345: 343: 342: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 307: 306: 301: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 119: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 97: 96: 93:UK Government 91: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 70: 66: 62: 61: 57: 52: 45: 39: 37: 32: 31: 30: 19: 7394:Bibliography 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Retrieved 7370: 7357:. Retrieved 7346: 7333:. Retrieved 7322: 7309:. Retrieved 7302:the original 7279:. Retrieved 7263:. Retrieved 7256:the original 7233:. Retrieved 7226:the original 7199:. Retrieved 7192:the original 7158:. Retrieved 7138:. Retrieved 7118:. Retrieved 7098:. Retrieved 7066: 7047: 7028: 7009: 6990: 6978: 6971:ICI v Colmer 6970: 6966: 6957: 6952: 6942: 6937: 6928: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6856: 6844: 6832: 6820: 6801: 6789: 6777: 6758: 6739: 6705: 6693: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6623:. Retrieved 6574: 6555: 6543: 6524: 6512: 6493: 6474: 6462: 6443: 6409: 6397: 6385: 6373: 6361: 6349: 6337: 6325: 6298: 6261: 6207: 6193: 6174: 6162: 6150:. Retrieved 6146: 6137: 6125: 6067: 6024: 6004: 5984: 5964: 5952: 5940:. Retrieved 5934: 5922: 5903: 5884: 5865: 5846: 5826: 5814:. Retrieved 5788:. Retrieved 5777: 5758: 5739: 5720: 5701: 5674: 5662: 5650: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5590: 5563: 5536: 5524: 5497: 5485: 5458: 5446: 5419: 5407: 5395: 5383: 5356: 5344: 5317: 5305: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5163: 5136: 5124: 5112: 5100: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4966: 4954: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4630: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4555: 4543: 4531: 4519: 4507: 4495: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4351: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4255: 4243: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4183: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4035:, Section 1. 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3851: 3818: 3806: 3777: 3765: 3760:, Section 5. 3753: 3748:, Section 6. 3741: 3729: 3717: 3705: 3689: 3677: 3661: 3634: 3619:. Retrieved 3615:the original 3611:Sunday Times 3610: 3600: 3581: 3547: 3505: 3497: 3487:50 years ago 3481: 3469:. Retrieved 3443:. Retrieved 3425: 3418: 3383: 3371: 3362: 3342:. Retrieved 3338: 3329: 3266: 3241: 3218: 3206:. Retrieved 3196: 3168: 3156:. 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United Kingdom corporation tax

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