1052:
153:, authorizing the creation of a committee to draft a convention. The UNESCO Director-General appointed a principal expert and four consultants to draft the text on the convention, for later review by each member state. Upon its revision, the text was sent to a Special Committee of Governmental Experts, which prepared a final draft around April 1970.
208:
Finally, under the convention, any party may seek the recovery and assistance of another state for the recovery of stolen or illegally exported cultural property imported into another state party, albeit only after the enforcement of the convention in both states. However, the import or export of any
145:
Convention, the illegal trade of antique objects and cultural items was prevalent among the trade of drugs and weapons. Therefore, several sovereign states set about to preserve important historical and culturally significant objects. These actions were a prelude to UNESCO's wide-scale attempt on the
268:
drafted the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or
Illegally exported Cultural Objects. It serves as a body of private law for the international art trade to assist the efforts of the 1970 convention, which it reinforces with legal rules. It seeks to end technical problems resulting from different laws in
160:
to support international cooperation to preserve the cultural heritage of mankind from pillage of cultural property, including import controls relating to looted archaeological and ethnological properties. The text adopted by the committee was a compromise between the comprehensive
Secretariat draft
234:
The
Subsidiary Committee of the Meeting of States Parties to the 1970 Convention is a statutory body of the 1970 Convention, made of 18 members from the states signed to the convention on 4-year terms, which are controlled by the Meeting of States Parties. Its main functions are to not only promote
225:
The
Meeting of the States Parties to the 1970 Convention is the sovereign body of the convention. Made up of all the parties that are signed to the 1970 convention, this body organizes strategies and plans of action for the implementation of the convention. They met for the fourth time in May 2017.
252:
The UNESCO Intergovernmental
Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation (ICPRCP), or UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee, was created to provide assistance in the recuperation of cultural property that falls
253:
outside the scope of the convention. Every two years, half of its 22 members are elected for 4 year terms. As an advisory body, this committee serves the direct assistance in the retrieval of property stolen via illicit trade. It also serves as a possible place for dispute resolution.
243:
The UNESCO Secretariat of the 1970 Convention assists the
Meetings of States Parties by organizing meetings for the Meetings of States Parties and other statutory branches of the convention and assisting in the development of resources and materials regarding the convention.
615:
Report, U.S. Delegation to the
Special Committee of Government Experts to Examine the Draft Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, UNESCO House, Paris, France (Apr. 13-24,
537:
197:, states that those signed to the treaty are to enforce the security and safety of cultural property, such as taking inventory, exportation certifications, monitoring of trade, and imposition of penal sanctions. The second pillar,
297:
173:
is under protection. Cultural property includes anything of scientific, historical, artistic, and or religious significance, as defined by
Article I of the convention. However, every state can define its own
548:
1172:
1737:
32:
156:
The committee was attended by 61 states, and the convention drafted by the committee was adopted at the 16th
General Conference on 14 November 1970. The turning point was the decision by the
346:
1217:
1097:
743:
1212:
1532:
1422:
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The
Intergovernmental Committee also manages the International Fund for the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation.
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1262:
414:
1612:
674:
1102:
1247:
964:
929:
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855:
816:
772:
703:
573:
443:
396:
1802:
332:
The 1970 Convention consists of two images; a hand superimposed upon a vase. It is meant to represent the end (hand) of the illegal trade of cultural items (vase).
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1752:
1487:
31:
1812:
1087:
1807:
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1327:
1202:
1662:
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The conception of the treaty began in April 1964, when UNESCO appointed a Committee of Experts from thirty states in April 1964. In 1968, UNESCO adopted
1000:
205:, is an attempt by the convention to strengthen international ties between signatories, and to provide assistance and cooperation with one another.
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1742:
1297:
1232:
751:
367:
1442:
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1377:
1347:
1642:
726:
795:
1722:
1552:
119:
UNESCO 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
1302:
1082:
422:
25:
UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
944:
831:
1682:
1652:
1437:
1222:
1092:
675:"Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transport of Ownership of Cultural Property"
1707:
1627:
1557:
1342:
1307:
1277:
1152:
1107:
320:
286:
129:
in cultural items. It was signed on 14 November 1970 and came into effect on 24 April 1972. As of February 2024, 143 states have
1782:
1767:
1717:
1667:
1537:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1472:
1462:
1272:
1162:
1147:
1034:
201:, states that each sovereign state is to assist one another in the recuperation of stolen cultural property. The third pillar,
1772:
1692:
1562:
1517:
1492:
1402:
1137:
1127:
906:"UNESCO. General Conference , 33rd; STRATEGY TO FACILITATE THE RESTITUTION OF STOLEN OR ILLICITLY EXPORTED CULTURAL PROPERTY"
1792:
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1697:
1677:
1672:
1617:
1602:
1587:
1417:
1357:
1322:
1267:
1237:
1207:
1167:
1042:
1777:
1762:
1727:
1657:
1637:
1632:
1572:
1542:
1482:
1427:
1397:
1382:
1362:
1352:
1332:
1317:
1282:
1227:
1197:
1177:
1157:
1142:
1132:
1117:
1112:
235:
the convention, but to review and inform the Meeting of States Parties, and to identify key problems in the convention.
1787:
1732:
1702:
1647:
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1577:
1527:
1522:
1467:
1457:
1407:
1392:
1367:
1292:
1242:
1192:
1182:
181:
The convention recommends the enforcement of the protection of cultural property in "three main pillars", each being
1712:
1687:
1622:
1567:
1547:
1452:
1447:
1432:
1412:
1387:
1372:
1337:
1312:
1257:
1187:
307:
1607:
1582:
1507:
1477:
1287:
1252:
217:
Under the convention, several statutory bodies have been created to oversee the execution of the treaty's goals.
1072:
870:
1004:
1077:
485:
979:
511:
682:
375:
122:
905:
650:
958:
923:
884:
849:
810:
766:
722:
697:
567:
437:
390:
642:
538:"UNESCO β Records of the General Conference β Fifteenth Session β 1968, Paris β Resolutions"
486:"Strengths and Weaknesses of the 1970 Convention: An Evaluation 40 years after its adoption"
341:
209:
cultural property is not legitimized, and can still fall under the terms of the convention.
269:
different states, and to contribute in the effort against illegal trade of cultural items.
1056:
482:
178:, as long as it is an item of importance and within the categories defined in Article I.
596:
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project
281:
1051:
1066:
626:
157:
130:
126:
277:
Several agencies and organizations have assisted the 1970 Convention, including:
588:
458:
943:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
904:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
869:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
830:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
786:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
742:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
673:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
536:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
413:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
366:
UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
1028:
291:
265:
1001:"Works of art / Works of art / Crime areas / Internet / Home - Interpol"
654:
630:
142:
57:
978:
UNIDROIT, Institut international pour l'unification du droit privΓ©.
646:
260:
UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects
107:
Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, and Mandarin
302:
53:
598:. Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. p. 44
347:
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law
1173:
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
999:
INTERPOL, International Criminal Police Organization.
161:
and proposals tabled by the United States delegation.
1040:
99:
Authoritative in English, French, Russian and Spanish
303:
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
1738:
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
103:
95:
87:
79:
71:
63:
49:
41:
24:
668:
666:
664:
1098:Art and cultural repatriation after World War II
980:"UNIDROIT - Cultural Property - 1995 Convention"
16:UNESCO international treaty on cultural property
1213:Treaties of the military dictatorship in Brazil
512:"Study on The Protection of Cultural Property"
1218:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
721:. Cham: Springer. pp. 249β251, 252β254.
408:
406:
8:
963:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
928:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
889:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
854:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
815:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
771:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
702:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
631:"An Essay on the International Trade in Art"
572:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
442:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
395:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
19:
1533:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic
1423:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
1123:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
719:The Parthenon marbles and international law
1263:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
30:
18:
1103:International cultural heritage documents
239:UNESCO Secretariat to the 1970 Convention
1613:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
1248:Treaties of the Central African Republic
1029:Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property
146:manners of preserving cultural objects.
1047:
358:
1803:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
956:
921:
882:
847:
808:
764:
695:
565:
435:
388:
7:
1818:Treaties extended to Queen Maud Land
1753:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
1488:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic
1035:Official text of the 1970 Convention
308:The World Customs Organization (WCO)
1813:Treaties extended to Peter I Island
1088:Treaties entered into force in 1972
1808:Treaties extended to Bouvet Island
1593:Treaties of the State of Palestine
1328:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
1203:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
871:"Restitution of Cultural Property"
248:UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee
14:
1663:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
1050:
321:International Council of Museums
287:International Council of Museums
1798:Treaties extended to Greenland
1743:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1298:Treaties of the Czech Republic
1233:Treaties of the Khmer Republic
314:Non-governmental organizations
1:
1758:Treaties of the United States
1378:Treaties of Georgia (country)
1348:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
1643:Treaties of the Soviet Union
75:Ratification of three states
1723:Treaties of North Macedonia
1553:Treaties of the Netherlands
1031:, UNESCO (official website)
744:"Meeting of States Parties"
457:UNESCO (12 February 2020).
169:Under the 1970 Convention,
1834:
1443:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq
1303:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
1083:Treaties concluded in 1970
587:Matthewman, Robin (2022).
221:Meeting of States Parties
203:international cooperation
191:international cooperation
111:
29:
1683:Treaties of South Africa
1653:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
1438:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
1223:Treaties of Burkina Faso
1093:Art and culture treaties
717:Titi, Catharine (2023).
264:Under UNESCO's request,
1708:Treaties of Switzerland
1628:Treaties of South Korea
1558:Treaties of New Zealand
1343:Treaties of El Salvador
1308:Treaties of North Korea
1278:Treaties of Ivory Coast
1153:Treaties of the Bahamas
1108:Treaties of Afghanistan
945:"Fund of the Committee"
459:"About 1970 Convention"
1783:Treaties of Yugoslavia
1768:Treaties of Uzbekistan
1718:Treaties of Tajikistan
1668:Treaties of Seychelles
1538:Treaties of Montenegro
1513:Treaties of Mauritania
1503:Treaties of Madagascar
1498:Treaties of Luxembourg
1473:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
1463:Treaties of Kazakhstan
1273:Treaties of Costa Rica
1163:Treaties of Bangladesh
1148:Treaties of Azerbaijan
788:"Subsidiary Committee"
199:restitution provisions
187:restitution provisions
20:UNESCO 1970 Convention
1773:Treaties of Venezuela
1693:Treaties of Sri Lanka
1563:Treaties of Nicaragua
1518:Treaties of Mauritius
1493:Treaties of Lithuania
1403:Treaties of Guatemala
1138:Treaties of Australia
1128:Treaties of Argentina
91:United Nations/UNESCO
1793:Treaties of Zimbabwe
1748:Treaties of Tanzania
1698:Treaties of Eswatini
1678:Treaties of Slovenia
1673:Treaties of Slovakia
1618:Treaties of Portugal
1603:Treaties of Paraguay
1588:Treaties of Pakistan
1418:Treaties of Honduras
1358:Treaties of Ethiopia
1323:Treaties of Djibouti
1268:Treaties of Colombia
1238:Treaties of Cameroon
1208:Treaties of Botswana
1168:Treaties of Barbados
230:Subsidiary Committee
193:. The first pillar,
123:international treaty
1778:Treaties of Vietnam
1763:Treaties of Uruguay
1728:Treaties of Tunisia
1658:Treaties of Senegal
1638:Treaties of Romania
1633:Treaties of Moldova
1573:Treaties of Nigeria
1543:Treaties of Morocco
1483:Treaties of Lebanon
1428:Treaties of Iceland
1398:Treaties of Grenada
1383:Treaties of Germany
1363:Treaties of Finland
1353:Treaties of Estonia
1333:Treaties of Ecuador
1318:Treaties of Denmark
1283:Treaties of Croatia
1228:Treaties of Myanmar
1198:Treaties of Bolivia
1178:Treaties of Belgium
1158:Treaties of Bahrain
1143:Treaties of Austria
1133:Treaties of Armenia
1118:Treaties of Algeria
1113:Treaties of Albania
635:Stanford Law Review
294:β Works of Art Unit
195:preventive measures
183:preventive measures
21:
1788:Treaties of Zambia
1733:Treaties of Turkey
1703:Treaties of Sweden
1648:Treaties of Rwanda
1598:Treaties of Panama
1578:Treaties of Norway
1528:Treaties of Monaco
1523:Treaties of Mexico
1468:Treaties of Kuwait
1458:Treaties of Jordan
1408:Treaties of Guinea
1393:Treaties of Greece
1368:Treaties of France
1293:Treaties of Cyprus
1243:Treaties of Canada
1193:Treaties of Bhutan
1183:Treaties of Belize
1713:Treaties of Syria
1688:Treaties of Spain
1623:Treaties of Qatar
1568:Treaties of Niger
1548:Treaties of Nepal
1453:Treaties of Japan
1448:Treaties of Italy
1433:Treaties of India
1413:Treaties of Haiti
1388:Treaties of Ghana
1373:Treaties of Gabon
1338:Treaties of Egypt
1313:Treaties of Zaire
1258:Treaties of Chile
1188:Treaties of Benin
728:978-3-031-26356-9
589:"Mark B. Feldman"
510:Reichelt, Gerte.
415:"1970 Convention"
176:cultural property
171:cultural property
115:
114:
1825:
1608:Treaties of Peru
1583:Treaties of Oman
1508:Treaties of Mali
1478:Treaties of Laos
1288:Treaties of Cuba
1253:Treaties of Chad
1055:
1054:
1046:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1003:. Archived from
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803:
794:. Archived from
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762:
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759:
750:. Archived from
739:
733:
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714:
708:
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681:. Archived from
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629:(January 1982).
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617:
613:
607:
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593:
584:
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547:. Archived from
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483:Prott, Lyndel V.
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421:. Archived from
410:
401:
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394:
386:
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383:
374:. Archived from
363:
342:Art repatriation
213:Statutory bodies
151:Resolution 3.334
141:Before the 1970
133:the convention.
45:14 November 1970
34:
22:
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1073:UNESCO treaties
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1078:1970 in France
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1023:External links
1021:
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832:"Publications"
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641:(2): 275β384.
627:Bator, Paul M.
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554:on 15 May 2018
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368:"Conventions"
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67:24 April 1972
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36:Official logo
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1009:. Retrieved
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911:. p. 3
1067:Categories
1011:2018-05-15
985:2018-05-15
950:2018-05-15
915:2018-05-15
876:2018-05-15
841:2018-05-15
836:UNESCO.org
802:2018-05-15
792:UNESCO.org
758:2018-05-15
748:UNESCO.org
689:2018-05-15
679:UNESCO.org
602:2023-04-26
545:unesco.org
517:. UNIDROIT
468:2024-02-22
429:2018-05-14
419:UNESCO.org
382:2018-05-14
372:UNESCO.org
353:References
88:Depositary
1037:(in full)
104:Languages
72:Condition
64:Effective
1057:Politics
959:cite web
924:cite web
885:cite web
850:cite web
811:cite web
767:cite web
698:cite web
568:cite web
491:. UNESCO
438:cite web
391:cite web
336:See also
298:UNIDROIT
292:Interpol
273:Partners
266:UNIDROIT
131:ratified
96:Language
50:Location
655:1228349
521:14 June
495:18 June
165:Details
137:History
80:Parties
1043:Portal
725:
653:
558:15 May
463:UNESCO
323:(ICOM)
189:, and
143:UNESCO
121:is an
58:France
42:Signed
909:(PDF)
651:JSTOR
616:1970)
592:(PDF)
552:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
515:(PDF)
489:(PDF)
54:Paris
965:link
930:link
891:link
856:link
817:link
773:link
723:ISBN
704:link
574:link
560:2018
523:2012
497:2012
444:link
397:link
328:Logo
319:The
117:The
643:doi
83:142
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