487:
239:
214:
140:
819:
601:
1492:
1478:
226:
204:
1465:
36:
587:
The
Secretary-General convened a meeting in early 1993 in which 14 important Somalia political and rebel factions agreed to hand over all of their weapons to UNITAF and UNOSOM, and over $ 130 million was pledged by donors at an aid conference that year to assist in reconstruction. However, Somalia
583:
UNITAF was composed of forces from 24 different countries, with the vast bulk contributed by the United States. UNITAF soon secured the relief operations which were being coordinated and carried out by UNOSOM, which was also attempting to negotiate a political end to the conflict. Indeed, although
547:
Some elements were actively opposing the UNOSOM intervention. Troops were shot at, aid ships attacked and prevented from docking, cargo aircraft were fired upon and aid agencies, public and private, were subject to threats, robbery and extortion. Meanwhile, hundreds, if not thousands of poverty
503:
The UN, with the active support of all rebel faction leaders, felt that some sort of peacekeeping force would be required to uphold the ceasefire and assist the humanitarian relief effort, in conjunction with other relief agencies and NGOs. By the end of April 1992, the
Security Council adopted
447:
Somalia sits on the Horn of Africa at the
Entrance of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Djibouti to the North, Ethiopia to the West and Kenya to the South provides its borders of approximately 8.5 million people, more than 98 percent are Somali giving it unusual ethnic homogeneity. More than 45
543:
Over the final quarter of 1992, the situation in
Somalia continued to get worse. Factions in Somalia were splintering into smaller factions and splintering again. Agreements for food distribution with one party were worthless when the stores had to be shipped through the territory of another.
511:
This provided for the establishment of a security force of 50 UN troops in
Somalia to monitor the ceasefire. This detachment would be known as the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) and it existed at the consent of those parties who had been represented in the ceasefire.
872:
448:
percent of the population are under 15 years of age. About 70 percent of
Somalis are nomads who travel with their livestock herds through Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia. A lack of definite borders contributes to the unresolved land disputes between Somalia and its neighbors.
1316:
854:
298:
469:
resolutions (733, 746) and diplomatic visits eventually helped impose a ceasefire between the two key factions, signed at the end of March 1992. These efforts were aided by other international bodies, such as the
Organisation for African Unity, the
291:
1085:
551:
By
November 1992, General Mohamed Farrah Aidid had grown confident enough to formally defy the Security Council and demand the withdrawal of peace keepers, as well as declaring hostile intent against any further UN deployments.
608:
In the few months of its operation, 54 military observers and 893 military personnel served with UNOSOM I, supported by international civilian and local staff. The mission suffered six fatalities. Contributing nations were:
1139:
459:(OAU) intervened, citing the war and starvation. Of the Somali population of 10 million people, over half were in severe danger of starvation and malnutrition-related disease, mostly in the drought-stricken rural areas.
284:
580:). With only a handful of the 3,000 plus troops envisaged for UNOSOM ever put in place, the Security Council left it to “the discretion of the Secretary General” as to what should be done with the abortive mission.
584:
UNOSOM had been replaced by UNITAF, it was technically still in operation and would remain ready to resume its function when UNITAF had met its goals of creating a secure environment for humanitarian relief.
524:
Despite the UN's efforts, all over
Somalia the ceasefire was ignored, fighting continued, and continued to increase, putting the relief operations at great risk. The main parties to the ceasefire, General
878:
515:
The resolution also allowed for an expansion of the security force, with a number of around 500 troops initially discussed. The first group of ceasefire observers arrived in
Mogadishu in early July 1992.
564:
offered to establish a multinational force under its own leadership to secure the humanitarian operation. This offer was accepted by the Security Council, and what became known as the Unified Task Force
1239:
1127:
909:
848:
1298:
462:
Another 1.5 million were judged at moderate risk of malnutrition. Three hundred thousand people died outright in the early months of 1992 and another 3 million fled the country as refugees.
1422:
1133:
932:
1067:
53:
592:. The mandate of UNOSOM II stipulated that the operation was to secure continued relief efforts and, more significantly, to restore peace and rebuild the Somali state and economy.
1520:
465:
The UN was engaged in Somalia from early in 1991 when the civil strife began. UN personnel were withdrawn on several occasions during sporadic flare-ups of violence. A series of
1545:
807:
1210:
1525:
1257:
1251:
1233:
540:
In August 1992 the Security Council endorsed the sending of another 3,000 troops to the region to protect relief efforts. However, most of these troops were never sent.
363:
1109:
1412:
1369:
1310:
1186:
1322:
1269:
1263:
1073:
860:
1375:
1091:
1055:
505:
1550:
1530:
1429:
1204:
1031:
1007:
949:
1097:
1407:
1328:
1227:
1043:
1001:
1381:
1351:
955:
926:
1304:
1292:
1245:
1049:
1037:
995:
368:
1061:
424:(UN) sponsored effort to provide, facilitate, and secure humanitarian relief in Somalia, as well as to monitor the first UN-brokered ceasefire of the
1357:
800:
100:
961:
72:
1402:
1079:
1025:
1019:
475:
357:
707:
1363:
989:
866:
654:
79:
785:
743:
1345:
1121:
1115:
793:
86:
780:
572:
Accordingly, the Security Council suspended any further significant strengthening of UNOSOM as UN affairs in Somalia were subsumed by
435:(UNITAF) mission in December 1992. Following the dissolution of UNITAF in May 1993, the subsequent UN mission in Somalia was known as
1198:
1103:
767:
119:
68:
1439:
494:
1192:
1286:
1174:
256:
1180:
57:
1469:
722:
United Nations, 1992, Letter dated 92/11/24 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council.
537:, proved to be difficult negotiating partners and continually frustrated attempts to move the peacekeepers and supplies.
456:
827:
486:
1535:
497:
391:
378:
93:
46:
588:
continued the stumble, and in March the UN decided to transform the UNITAF mission into what came to be known as
1540:
670:
561:
384:
324:
1482:
675:
398:
577:
1449:
1444:
1417:
471:
340:
1434:
526:
276:
704:
569:) was authorized to utilize "all necessary means" to ensure the protection of the relief efforts.
740:
530:
432:
332:
139:
491:
230:
213:
466:
425:
243:
705:
United Nations, 2003, United Nations Operations in Somalia (UNSOM 1) Background (Full Text)
1496:
747:
711:
600:
373:
431:
The operation was established in April 1992 and ran until its duties were assumed by the
824:
626:
421:
347:
266:
1491:
1514:
238:
218:
27:
Failed UN efforts to ensure delivery of humanitarian aid to Somalia in early 1990s
35:
685:
642:
610:
604:
Australian soldiers prepare to board a US Marine Corps helicopter in Somalia
589:
436:
182:
731:
United Nations, Security Council resolution 794 (1992), 24/4/92, para. 3.
658:
225:
17:
650:
638:
618:
614:
534:
452:
203:
186:
533:, once again showing the difficult and troubled relations between the
1168:
1156:
680:
646:
622:
573:
566:
1162:
630:
599:
634:
789:
280:
29:
451:
Following the eruption and escalation of the civil war in
741:
United Nations Operation in Somalia I: facts and figures
781:
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping UNOSOM 1 page
194:
Special Representative of the Secretary-general (SRSG)
548:
stricken refugees were starving to death every day.
1395:
1338:
1279:
1220:
1149:
982:
975:
942:
919:
902:
888:
841:
834:
262:
250:
192:
178:
170:
162:
154:
146:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
308:United Nations Intervention in Somalia (1992–1995)
1430:United Nations Department of Peace Operations
801:
292:
8:
1521:Operations involving American special forces
208:Mohamed Sahnoun April 1992 - November 1992
132:
1546:Military operations of the Somali Civil War
979:
838:
808:
794:
786:
299:
285:
277:
131:
1526:Military operations involving New Zealand
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:
233:Imtiaz Shaheen June 1992 - March 1993
697:
69:"United Nations Operation in Somalia I"
476:Organisation of the Islamic Conference
414:United Nations Operation in Somalia I
133:United Nations Operation in Somalia I
7:
1551:Military operations involving Canada
1531:United Nations operations in Somalia
58:adding citations to reliable sources
764:Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned
556:Transition to UNITAF and UNOSOM II
25:
768:National Defense University Press
1490:
1477:
1476:
1463:
1440:United Nations Military Observer
817:
237:
224:
212:
202:
138:
34:
1464:
257:United Nations Security Council
45:needs additional citations for
428:conflict in the early 1990s.
1:
457:Organization of African Unity
576:(also known to Americans as
746:September 19, 2006, at the
221:November 1992 - March 1993
1567:
1403:History of UN peacekeeping
420:) was the first part of a
1458:
762:Allard, Colonel Kenneth,
710:January 10, 2007, at the
369:UN killings of protestors
314:
137:
1501:Updated in November 2023
671:Operation Provide Relief
562:United States of America
455:in 1991, the UN and the
267:Official site in English
828:Peacekeeping Operations
676:Operation United Shield
196:Chief Military Observer
605:
578:Operation Restore Hope
560:In November 1992, the
500:
364:Pakistani Peacekeepers
1450:Women in peacekeeping
1445:United Nations Police
603:
489:
472:League of Arab States
1435:United Nations Medal
657:, Norway, Pakistan,
527:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
166:Peacekeeping Mission
54:improve this article
1497:Politics portal
252:Parent organization
134:
1221:Asia & Pacific
903:Asia & Pacific
606:
531:Ali Mahdi Muhammad
501:
433:Unified Task Force
1536:Conflicts in 1992
1508:
1507:
1391:
1390:
971:
970:
410:
409:
272:
271:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1558:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1466:
980:
839:
835:Current missions
823:
821:
820:
810:
803:
796:
787:
750:
738:
732:
729:
723:
720:
714:
702:
467:Security Council
426:Somali Civil War
379:Checkpoint Pasta
309:
301:
294:
287:
278:
244:Jonathan T. Howe
242:
241:
229:
228:
217:
216:
207:
206:
142:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1541:1992 in Somalia
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1489:
1454:
1387:
1334:
1275:
1216:
1145:
967:
938:
915:
898:
884:
830:
818:
816:
814:
777:
759:
757:Further reading
754:
753:
748:Wayback Machine
739:
735:
730:
726:
721:
717:
712:Wayback Machine
703:
699:
694:
667:
598:
558:
522:
520:Ineffectiveness
484:
445:
411:
406:
392:Black Hawk Down
374:Abdi House raid
310:
307:
305:
274:
253:
236:
234:
223:
222:
211:
209:
201:
198:
197:
195:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1486:
1473:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1423:Latin American
1420:
1415:
1410:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
986:
984:
977:
973:
972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
953:
946:
944:
940:
939:
937:
936:
930:
923:
921:
917:
916:
914:
913:
906:
904:
900:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
886:
885:
883:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
845:
843:
836:
832:
831:
825:United Nations
815:
813:
812:
805:
798:
790:
784:
783:
776:
775:External links
773:
772:
771:
758:
755:
752:
751:
733:
724:
715:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
666:
663:
661:and Zimbabwe.
597:
594:
557:
554:
529:and President
521:
518:
506:Resolution 751
483:
480:
444:
441:
422:United Nations
408:
407:
405:
404:
403:
402:
395:
388:
385:Gothic Serpent
381:
376:
371:
366:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
348:Somalia affair
330:
329:
328:
325:Provide Relief
315:
312:
311:
306:
304:
303:
296:
289:
281:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
247:
199:
193:
190:
189:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1563:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
985:
981:
978:
976:Past missions
974:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
945:
941:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
922:
918:
911:
908:
907:
905:
901:
894:
893:
891:
887:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
846:
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
811:
806:
804:
799:
797:
792:
791:
788:
782:
779:
778:
774:
769:
765:
761:
760:
756:
749:
745:
742:
737:
734:
728:
725:
719:
716:
713:
709:
706:
701:
698:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
595:
593:
591:
585:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
563:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
536:
532:
528:
519:
517:
513:
509:
507:
499:
496:
493:
488:
481:
479:
477:
473:
468:
463:
460:
458:
454:
449:
442:
440:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
401:
400:
399:United Shield
396:
394:
393:
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
359:
355:
349:
346:
345:
344:
343:
339:
338:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
322:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
302:
297:
295:
290:
288:
283:
282:
279:
275:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
249:
245:
240:
235:
232:
227:
220:
219:Ismat Kittani
215:
205:
200:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1013:
763:
736:
727:
718:
700:
607:
586:
582:
571:
559:
550:
546:
542:
539:
523:
514:
510:
502:
464:
461:
450:
446:
430:
417:
413:
412:
397:
390:
383:
356:
341:
335:Restore Hope
334:
323:
318:
273:
210:
179:Headquarters
171:Legal status
147:Abbreviation
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1378:(1991–2003)
1372:(1988–1991)
1366:(1973–1979)
1360:(1963–1964)
1348:(1956–1967)
1339:Middle East
1331:(1996–2002)
1325:(1996–2002)
1319:(1996–1998)
1313:(1995–2002)
1307:(1995–1999)
1301:(1995–1996)
1295:(1993–2009)
1289:(1992–1995)
1272:(2006–2012)
1266:(2002–2005)
1260:(1994–2000)
1254:(1992–1993)
1248:(1991–1992)
1242:(1988–1990)
1236:(1965–1966)
1230:(1962–1963)
1213:(2017–2019)
1207:(2004–2017)
1201:(1997–2000)
1183:(1996–1997)
1177:(1993–1996)
1171:(1991–1995)
1165:(1989–1992)
1159:(1965–1966)
1142:(2013–2023)
1136:(2007–2020)
1130:(2007–2010)
1124:(2005–2011)
1118:(2004–2006)
1112:(2004–2017)
1106:(2003–2018)
1100:(2003–2004)
1094:(2000–2008)
1088:(1999–2010)
1082:(1999–2005)
1076:(1998–1999)
1070:(1998–2000)
1064:(1997–1999)
1058:(1995–1997)
1046:(1993–1996)
1040:(1993–1997)
1034:(1993–1994)
1028:(1993–1995)
1022:(1992–1994)
1016:(1992–1993)
1010:(1991–1995)
1004:(1989–1991)
998:(1989–1990)
992:(1960–1964)
943:Middle East
655:New Zealand
342:Deliverance
1515:Categories
1056:UNAVEM III
692:References
629:Republic,
596:Statistics
443:Background
246:March 1993
231:Brig. Gen.
158:April 1992
110:March 2008
80:newspapers
1211:MINUJUSTH
1026:UNOSOM II
1008:UNAVEM II
686:UNOSOM II
643:Indonesia
611:Australia
590:UNOSOM II
437:UNOSOM II
358:UNOSOM II
333:UNITAF /
183:Mogadishu
174:Completed
155:Formation
1483:Category
1413:Timeline
1408:Missions
1305:UNPREDEP
1287:UNPROFOR
1205:MINUSTAH
1150:Americas
1128:MINURCAT
1014:UNOSOM I
1002:UNAVEM I
895:Inactive
889:Americas
744:Archived
708:Archived
665:See also
659:Botswana
535:warlords
495:Fahd 240
492:Egyptian
482:Creation
474:and the
418:UNOSOM I
319:UNOSOM I
150:UNOSOM I
18:UNOSOM I
1470:Outline
1396:Related
1370:UNIIMOG
1364:UNEF II
1264:UNMISET
1240:UNGOMAP
1199:MIPONUH
1187:MINUGUA
1140:MINUSMA
1080:UNAMSIL
1074:UNOMSIL
1068:MINURCA
927:UNFICYP
910:UNMOGIP
873:MINUSCA
855:MONUSCO
849:MINURSO
770:(1995).
651:Morocco
639:Finland
619:Belgium
615:Austria
490:UNOSOM
453:Somalia
263:Website
187:Somalia
94:scholar
1481:
1468:
1418:Canada
1384:(2012)
1382:UNSMIS
1376:UNIKOM
1354:(1958)
1352:UNOGIL
1346:UNEF I
1329:UNCPSG
1317:UNTAES
1311:UNMIBH
1293:UNOMIG
1280:Europe
1246:UNAMIC
1234:UNIPOM
1195:(1997)
1193:UNTMIH
1189:(1997)
1181:UNSMIH
1169:ONUSAL
1157:DOMREP
1134:UNAMID
1098:MINUCI
1052:(1994)
1050:UNASOG
1044:UNAMIR
1038:UNOMIL
1032:UNOMUR
1020:ONUMOZ
983:Africa
964:(1978)
962:UNIFIL
958:(1974)
952:(1948)
935:(1999)
929:(1964)
920:Europe
912:(1949)
881:(2020)
879:UNITAM
875:(2014)
869:(2011)
867:UNMISS
863:(2011)
861:UNISFA
857:(2010)
851:(1991)
842:Africa
822:
681:UNITAF
647:Jordan
623:Canada
574:UNITAF
567:UNITAF
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1358:UNYOM
1323:UNMOP
1299:UNCRO
1270:UNMIT
1258:UNMOT
1252:UNTAC
1175:UNMIH
1163:ONUCA
1122:UNMIS
1110:UNOCI
1104:UNMIL
1092:UNMEE
1086:MONUC
1062:MONUA
996:UNTAG
956:UNDOF
950:UNTSO
933:UNMIK
631:Egypt
627:Czech
101:JSTOR
87:books
1228:UNSF
1116:ONUB
990:ONUC
635:Fiji
163:Type
73:news
508:.
498:APC
56:by
1517::
766:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
633:,
625:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
478:.
439:.
185:,
809:e
802:t
795:v
565:(
416:(
300:e
293:t
286:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
